The time of origin, as well as the place where the game of billiards appeared, has not yet been established. In various countries, there were games that had very little in common with modern billiards at that time. However, it was thanks to the development of these games that billiards appeared in the form that we can now observe it. So in Germany there was a game in which the player had to drive a stone ball with a club into the recess of the table, which was surrounded by boards along the perimeter. In England, they played on the ground, trying to roll the balls according to certain rules through small gates. In the 15th century, many games underwent significant changes, moving from outdoor venues to indoor tables.
Billiards appeared in Russia in the 18th century: after a visit to Holland, Peter I, having learned about this game, ordered to make a billiard table for himself. Gradually, this game began to migrate to noble families and clubs. In the middle of the 19th century, the first billiard factories appeared in Russia, producing fairly high-quality billiard tables and accessories for them.
Developing autonomously from other countries, billiards in Russia gradually began to acquire its own standards and rules.
- Free pyramid (another name: pyramid or American);
- Combined pyramid (Moscow pyramid or Siberian);
- Dynamic pyramid (Neva pyramid);
- Classic pyramid (Russian pyramid or 71 points).
Without which it is certainly not possible to play billiards, it is without a table. Russian billiards can be played on 8, 9, 10 or 12 foot tables. However, in official competitions, only 12-foot tables are set up. The table for the game is covered with a green cloth, on which the standard markings are applied, which we will discuss below. The diameter of the balls used to play Russian billiards is not much pockets, at first it is not at all easy for inexperienced players to score a ball. With a ball diameter of 68 mm, the width of the middle pocket is 82-83 mm, and the corner pocket is 72-73 mm.
There are 16 balls in total in the game. 15 of them are aiming and have the same color. The surface of each ball is marked with a unique number from 1 to 15. At the beginning of the game, these balls are set in the form of an equilateral triangle, so that its base is parallel to the short board, and the top is on a special table marking point (back mark). This is done with a triangle. The 16th ball is located in the "house" and is called the cue ball. The house is the area bounded by the line of the house (a line drawn through the front mark), two long and the nearest short board. The line of the house runs parallel to the short board and is separated from it at a distance of ¼ of the length of the playing field.
First strike right
The person who won the rally gets the right to strike the first blow. Its essence is as follows. Opponents are located at the short side of the table and each of the players uses their half to strike, located to the left or right of the longitudinal axis of the table. Next, the players make a kick from the hand from the house. The winner is the player whose ball, reflected from the back wall, rolls as close as possible to the front wall. The rally is considered lost if the ball:
- did not touch the tailgate;
- touched the side board;
- rolled onto the opponent's half;
- fell into a hole;
- jumped overboard.
Beginning of the game
The initial blow is made with a cue ball from anywhere in the house, while hitting from the house line itself is not allowed, because. the position of the ball on the home line is considered "out of home". The cue ball is considered to be in play after it has been hit with the cue stick.
The kickoff is considered successful if one of the following conditions is met:
- the object ball hit the pocket;
- three object balls touched the side;
- two object balls touched the boards, and any one ball crossed the center line.
- simply continue the game (either by making the next stroke on your own, or by losing this right to the opponent);
- return the balls to their original position and strike the first blow yourself;
- return the balls to their original position and give the player a chance to hit again.
If at the first hit the cue ball falls into the pocket, then further actions are performed based on the rules of a particular game. If the cue ball falls into the pocket already during the game, then it is set in accordance with the rules of one of the varieties of Russian billiards, according to which this game is played.
The next hit on the cue ball can be made only after all the balls have completely stopped. For making another stroke with even one ball moving (spinning on the spot is also considered a movement), the player is also penalized.
All hits must be made clearly, without pushing or multiple hitting the cue ball. If the cue ball did not touch any object ball during the strike (directly or by reflection from the side), then a penalty is imposed, and the move passes to the opponent.
A hit on a closely spaced object ball, located at a distance of less than ½ of the radius of the ball, is made at an angle of 45 degrees to the axis of the center of the balls, so that the cue ball after the collision stops in place or rolls back without crossing the penalty area.
An object ball is considered pocketed if, on impact, it hits a pocket and there is no violation of the rules. In the event that not a single ball was pocketed during the strike or there was a violation of the rules, then the right to move passes to the opponent.
popped ball
If during the game the ball leaves the playing surface, then it is considered to have jumped out if:
- the ball has stopped behind the playing surface (including on the board of the table);
- the ball returned to the playing area, reflected from some object (player's clothing, cue stick, billiard lamp, etc.).
MirSovetov emphasizes that, at the same time, the ball will still be considered remaining in the game if, after jumping onto the upper surface of the board, it returns to the playing area on its own. Putting the balls that have jumped back onto the table is already in accordance with the rules of the game, one of the varieties of Russian billiards. Fine
A player is penalized if:
- when the cue ball is taken out of the line of the house at the first blow;
- the cue ball did not hit any of the object balls;
- in case of an incorrect hit on a closely located ball;
- if none of the player's feet touched the floor when hit;
- when performing a strike, the player touches any ball with his hand, a piece of clothing or a cue shaft and other foreign objects;
- when performing the next stroke, all the balls did not stop on the table;
- the ball jumped off the table;
- with a double hit.
Varieties of Russian billiards
As already mentioned on MirSovetov, there is more than one game that takes place according to the rules of Russian billiards. But they all differ either in the purpose of the game, or in some of their rules by which the game is played.So when playing the “Classic (Russian) pyramid”, the winner is the one who first scores 71 or more points by the sum of the numbers printed on the pocketed balls. But at the same time, you must indicate which ball and into which pocket you are going to score. The violator of the rules is deducted 5 points in favor of the opponent.
In the "Combined (Moscow) Pyramid" it is necessary to score 8 object balls first by hitting only the cue ball (both balls scored independently and the ball received when the opponent violates the rules are counted). In the case of playing the “Free Pyramid”, you must be the first to pocket the same 8 any balls, but at the same time any ball can be used as a cue ball (for violations of the rules by the opponent, just like in the Moscow pyramid, the player has the right to remove from the table any ball in your favor).
"Dynamic (Neva) pyramid" echoes the "Moscow", but still there are differences. In this variety of Russian billiards, you need to score 8 balls when hitting only the cue ball. One of the important differences of the dynamic pyramid is that after the opponent violates the rules, you are given a choice:
- or remove the penalty ball in your favor and continue the game by making another hit;
- or, having abandoned the ball in your favor, put the cue ball in the place of the table where it is convenient for you, and also continue the game.
Perhaps it is equally important to know some rules of etiquette when playing billiards. Be polite and don't interfere with your opponent in any way. It is not recommended to even stand near the pocket into which your opponent is going to pocket the next ball. If you go around the table, for example, to assess the situation, the location of the balls on the table, and at this time your opponent makes another hit - wait until the opponent completes his move, and only then pass him.
Respect your rivals!
Recently I went to play billiards with a friend, I thought everyone just chase the balls and only, it turns out there are rules there.
Russian billiards (or pyramid) is the collective name for a number of varieties of billiards. Russian billiards is a kind of pocket billiards, which has its own special requirements for equipment for playing. There are several official types of pyramid, the simplest of which are the rules of the American (free pyramid). All competitions in Russian billiards are held on equipment that meets the technical requirements of the FRB (Federation of Russian Billiards).
Main parameters: table dimensions 3600 x 1800 mm; ball diameter 68 - 70 mm, size of corner pockets 72-73 mm, middle pockets 80 -81 mm.
Ball arrangement
Before the start of the game, all 15 object balls are placed tightly to each other using a triangle. The center of the front ball must be at the back mark, the base of the pyramid is parallel to the back board.
The cue ball is hit by sticking the cue in the direction of the longitudinal axis. When hitting, at least one billiard player's foot must be in contact with the floor.
All balls must stand still, and those that were pocketed in violation of the rules, not ordered, as well as those that jumped out, must be exposed.
The hit ends when all the balls on the table stop.
Penalties are awarded for incorrect hits. These include:
Double hit - with it, the cue stick is in contact with the cue ball twice.
Push - with this blow, the player pushes the object ball and the cue ball at the same time.
Pressure - with it, the ball that is in contact with it (or located near the pocket) is pressed into the pocket itself, or the side ball is pressed, which moves it to a different position.
Miss - with it, the cue ball does not come into contact with any sighting.
First strike play
Players are located near the front board on different sides of the longitudinal line. They choose a place by agreement or by lot. Then the billiard players set up a ball in the house and strike at the same time, sending them to the tailgate. The choice is given to the one whose ball, having ricocheted off the back wall, stops closest to the front wall.
The rally is lost when the ball:
did not touch the tailgate;
touched with a long board;
crossed the longitudinal line;
jumped out or fell into a hole.
played
A ball is in play when it is pocketed by a valid hit. The billiard player retains the right to make the next one.
hovering ball
If during the blow he stopped in the alignment of the pocket in an unstable position, and then fell into it before the end of the blow, then it is considered played. If he fell into the pocket after the end of the blow or because of the shaking of the table, then this will not be counted, the judge will set him to his original place.
popped ball
The one that left the surface of the table during the impact without falling into the pocket is recognized as jumping out. An aiming ball that has jumped out is placed after hitting the back mark, no penalty is imposed, played by a billiard player are counted. If the table leaves the cue ball, then the player receives a penalty, the balls scored by him do not count, and the cue ball is placed on the table, based on the rules of a particular game. If a ball that has left the playing surface of the billiard table touches the player's clothes or cue over it, then this will be a violation of the rules, a fine is due for it. If he returns to the table, he remains in the game, and if he leaves it, he is considered to have jumped out. It is not considered a foul if the ball touches the lights, the pocket brace or the top of the boards and then returns to the table.
Fielding balls
Not ordered, scored in violation of the rules and jumped out sightings are set by the judge at the rear mark. If this mark is occupied, they are placed close to (but not directly into) the blocking ball in a longitudinal line towards the tailgate. If this part of the longitudinal line is already occupied, then it is set towards the center mark.
Entry into the game of the opponent
The opponent enters the game when the player did not play the ball or broke the rules. If a penalty is imposed on the kicking billiard player, then his opponent, taking into account the situation on the table, may demand the next stroke, saying: "Play on." Unrecorded win If, due to the inattention of the referee and the opponents, the game continued despite the fact that the billiard player won the game (played eight or earned 71 points or more), then when this circumstance is discovered, he is immediately awarded the victory in the game, despite all the events that occurred further.
A fine in Russian billiards is imposed in such cases:
when the blow was not made with a cue sticker;
when the next stroke is executed before the completion of the previous one;
when, after hitting, the cue ball flew out of the boundaries of the playing surface;
for inflicting a double blow (push);
for carcasses of any of the balls on the surface of the billiard table during the game - with a cue, chalk, typewriter, hands, clothing items, etc.;
when the initial blow is made to the cue ball, which is outside the house (Mosca, RP);
for non-compliance with the wagering rules by the player; - for a miss;
American
With this variety of Russian billiards, the cue ball can be located anywhere within the house (but not on the house line, since it does not apply to it).
After breaking the pyramid with the cue ball, the American player can choose any ball as the cue ball. It is considered a hit in the pocket and the fall of the object ball, and the cue ball (but only after hitting the object ball). The billiard player who scored the ball has the right to strike the next blow. The wagering rules are that when not a single ball has been played, then after the cue ball touches the target, at least one of them must touch up to 2 different sides (or, having hit one side, bring the second ball to the other side), or touch one board and then cross the center of the table (or roll another ball over it), or cross it, and then touch the board or bring another ball to the board). The billiard player who first scores 8 balls is recognized as the winner.
Russian billiards. General rules
Commentary: from January 1, 2005 were introduced and are already operating in all official competitions, the new rules of Russian billiards, which are international. The new rules have undergone significant changes and, above all, this concerns the renaming of all pyramid games, according to which sports competitions will be held. Even some billiard terms have been changed. Of course, these "innovations" were not to everyone's liking - after all, in fact, the primordially Russian beginning was erased from the names. All this is explained by the "modern" "international" requirements of the time. Nevertheless, the spirit and essence of Russian billiards will not change in any way, and the adopted new terminology will not be able to replace the usual names of famous billiard games and will be only official.
And so new sports competitions will be held in the following four types of the Pyramid:
1) "Free pyramid" i.e. "PYRAMID" or "AMERICAN".
2) "Free Pyramid" ("American with continuation", "Big American")
3) "Combined pyramid" - "SIBERIAN PYRAMID" ("SIBIRKA") or "MOSCOW PYRAMID" ("MOSCOW").
4) "Dynamic pyramid" - "NEVA PYRAMID".
5) "Classic pyramid" - "SMALL RUSSIAN PYRAMID".
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Beat on the cue ball
It must be made with the front part of the cue sticker in the direction of its longitudinal axis, while at least one player's foot must touch the floor. Striking in any other way is penalized.
Kickoff play
The right to the first blow in a meeting is determined as a result of a rally. Having settled down on opposite sides of the longitudinal line of the table, the players simultaneously make blows from the hand from the house, directing their cue balls to the rear board. The winner is the player whose ball, having reflected from him, stops closer to the front one.
The rally is considered automatically lost if the cue ball did not touch the back wall, went into the opponent's half, fell into the pocket or jumped over the side. If the rules were violated by both opponents or both cue balls stopped at the same distance from the board, then the rally is repeated.
The winner of the rally has the right to either make the initial blow himself, or give it to his opponent. In subsequent games, the sequence is observed. Before the last decisive game, the rally is repeated anew.
Ball arrangement
Before the start of the game, fifteen object balls are placed close to each other by means of a triangle in the form of a pyramid with the apex at the back mark and the base parallel to the short board.
Kickoff ("From the hand and from home")
When performing this stroke, it is forbidden to take out the body beyond the extension of the outer side of the long board, and also to place the cue ball behind the home line.
The cue ball is considered to be in play after being hit with the cue stick. When playing from a hand, balls played into opposite corners, as well as those dropped into other pockets as a result of this shot, are counted. A blow from the hand is also made in other cases stipulated by these rules: (the cue ball fell into a pocket or jumped overboard ("Russian pyramid", "Moscow"), while it is allowed to strike only at balls located outside the house.
If all the object balls are in the house, then the shot is taken from the opposite side of the table, which in this case serves as a temporary home bounded by the back line.
Balls played
Balls are considered to be potted (potted) if they fall into the pockets as a result of a legal hit.
The ball that is reflected from the pocket onto the playing surface of the table remains in the game. An object ball that falls into a pocket as a result of intentionally rolling it over the side of the board does not count and is fielded in accordance with the rules of the particular game, while no penalty is imposed.
Popped balls
Balls that have come to a stop after being hit outside the playing surface of the table (on the board, on the floor, etc.) are considered to have jumped overboard. The ball remains in the game if it, having hit any stationary billiard equipment (the upper part of the board, the pocket bracket, the lighting device, etc.), independently returns to the playing surface again. If the ball touches any other object outside the table (cue, chalk, clothes, etc.), then it is considered to have jumped out even if after that it returns to the playing surface again.
Ejected object balls are placed after the stroke is completed in accordance with the rules of each specific game. In this case, no penalty is imposed.
Combined pyramid (SIBIRKA or MOSCOW or MOSCOW PYRAMID)
This game is also called "Siberian", "combined". When playing "Moscow" one should be guided by the "General rules of Russian billiards", as well as the following rules.
Purpose of the game
Be the first to score eight balls.
Used balls
A cue ball and fifteen object balls. The cue ball must be distinguished from the object balls by color or special markings (usually striped or pink). Only sixteen.
Ball arrangement
Fifteen object balls are arranged in the form of a pyramid with the apex at the rear mark.
Kickoff
The initial blow is made "from the hand" from the "house".
Playing the game
You can play any object ball or cue ball from object balls. An order is not required. With a correct hit, any number of balls that fall into the pockets counts.
Instead of a pocketed cue ball, any of the object balls indicated by the opponent is removed from the table, after which the player strikes the cue ball from his hand from home.
Fielding balls
All incorrectly pocketed, overboard, and penalty balls are placed after the end of the stroke and before the start of the next one.
The single ball is placed on the back mark.
Any ball exposed may be chosen to play as the cue ball or object ball.
Penalties for violations
A penalty in the form of one ball is charged:
at any touch by the player of any ball with his hand, clothing, etc. before, after or during the stroke;
when hitting the cue ball with a horizontal bar or the side of the cue;
upon impact during the unfinished movement of the balls from the previous impact;
on a miss, when "friend" did not touch any of the balls:
when flying overboard "own" ball;
when both legs are lifted off the floor during a strike.
If one or more balls were played in violation of paragraphs a), e) and e), then the latter are not counted, are taken out of the pockets and placed at the short board in the area of the third point
If the player has no pocketed balls at the time of the violation, then the penalty is charged after the first ball he pocketed.
Special cases
With an incorrect hit, the cue ball jumped overboard and, hitting someone, returned to the billiards. No penalty will be charged. If the ordered or played ball fell into the pocket, then it does not count. Kick goes to partner
The cue ball or any ball has jumped out and stopped on the board. The ball is placed close to the board near the place where it stopped on the board. The blow goes to the partner, but if the ball was placed, then it counts.
One of the outsiders or a partner accidentally interfered during the strike: pushed, touched, etc. At the request of the victim, the position of the balls can be restored. The beat is replayed.
The ball stopped in the opening of the pocket, but fell in the interval between the start of the aiming of the other partner and the moment the cue ball approaches the stuck ball, resulting in a miss.
The blow is saved for the missed one. The dropped ball is placed on point 3 or on the short edge closest to it. The cue ball is moved to the "home" and the shot is made from there on a common basis.
THE DIFFERENCE OF THE MOSCOW FROM THE NEW INTRODUCED COMBINED PYRAMID:
After the cue ball is scored, the player himself removes the ball on the shelf. In "Moscow" it was done by the opponent. The game is played without orders. In the case of a penalty, the player is penalized not by removing the pocketed balls on the table, but by removing the ball on the opponent's shelf. In this connection, a collision of the last ball arose - in theory, a player can end the game not with a scoring hit, but with a ball after a penalty.
Classical pyramid - Small Russian pyramid
The game is played with 16 balls. The 15 white balls are numbered from 1 to 15 points. The sixteenth ball - the cue ball can be colored or striped, noticeably different from other balls.
The balls are placed in a pyramid in a strictly defined order. At the top of the pyramid, at the third point of the table - "four" (frontal ball), on the sides of the base of the pyramid - "two" and "three", and the largest balls "13", "14", "15" - in the center of the pyramid. With this arrangement, after breaking the pyramid, as a rule, only the outer balls with small numbers will roll out, and the large balls will remain in the middle of the pyramid.
The sum of all numbers marked on the balls is 120 points. 10 is added to the number of the ball with a "one" ("ace") and 10 is added to the last remaining ball, regardless of the number printed on it. Thus, the total score is 140.
The game is played with only one, "own" ball. The winner is the one who scores 71 points first. If one player scores 70 points (“his own”), then even if the last ball is placed by his partner, a draw is recorded in the game.
Sometimes they play with three or even four. This happens in friendly matches at leisure, when there are many people who want to play, but there are few tables. When playing with three players, 10 points are added to the “2” ball, and then there will be 150 points in the pyramid. In order for one of the partners to win, he needs to score 51 points. If all three have played 50 points each, then a draw is recorded.
When playing with four (each for himself), 10 more points are added to the total number of points in the pyramid. This time to the “Z” ball. Thus, the total amount of points in the pyramid is equal to 160. The winner is the one who first scored 41 points. A draw is possible when everyone has 40 points.
Before the start of the game, you should agree on the terms of the game. One of these conditions is how to order balls: a strict order "for a clean purpose" or a "ball pocket". When playing “for a pure purpose”, before hitting, the player accurately names the number of the ball, the pocket where he wants to put the ball, and also explains how the ball should fall (from such and such a ball, such and such balls, apricot, ball or balls and which ones, what type of doublet, etc.). The game "ball-pocket" provides for the exact assignment of the number of the ball and the pocket that is played. How the ball will approach the pocket does not matter.
Another condition of the game may be the handicap that the stronger player gives to the other. This handicap is usually 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and even 35 points. At the same time, young athletes are not recommended to get used to reinsurance against losing, demanding points in advance. Handicap reduces the quality of the game, weakens the will of the player, composure, interferes with concentration. The handicap is justified mainly when teams meet at friendly tournaments or during games of partners of different classes. The order must be pronounced loudly, clearly and without fail before the strike.
If the designated ball is played correctly, all other balls that fall into the pockets as a result of the same stroke are counted as played, regardless of the time of their fall in relation to the fall of the ordered ball. When there is only one ball left on billiards, it is not required to name its number.
If the ball hits the inner wall of the pocket and jumps back onto the table, it does not count and is left where it left off.
Who starts the game in the first game is determined by lot. In the future, the winner of the previous game starts the game. During the game, it is allowed to use cues of different lengths, a typewriter and a mazik.
Penalties.
When playing the pyramid, penalties are provided:
a) 5 points, which are deducted from the offender's account and added to the partner's account;
b) placing a ball placed in a pocket on the table.
Errors for which a penalty of 5 points is assigned:
a) the cue ball falls into the pocket;
b) the cue ball jumped out when hit overboard;
c) mistakenly hit by a non-own ball;
d) the cue ball did not hit the target ball and did not touch any of the balls on the table (including at the very first hit);
e) the blow was made not with a sticker, but with a cue stick or a side part of the cue;
f) during the strike, the partner blurred (touched) any ball with a cue, clothes, hand, etc.;
g) hit during the movement of the balls from the previous hit;
h) touching the balls by a player who mistakenly considered the game over;
i) a direct hit on the ball located in the "house" when playing "from the hands".
In case of errors provided for in paragraphs a) and b), except for a penalty of 5 points, if the ordered balls fall into the pocket at the same time. then they are not counted and placed on the third point of the table. If the point is occupied, then - on a short board from the inside of the pyramid.
Sometimes the errors noted in paragraphs e) and f), according to the preliminary mutual agreement of the partners, are not fined. However, in order to develop accuracy among athletes and improve the culture of the game, it is advisable to penalize these errors.
If one of the partners, after a successful hit, considered that he had a party and mixed the rest of the balls (point h), then the position of the balls is restored, the game continues, the hit goes to the opponent.
Errors after which the played ball is not counted:
a) the ball is laid down by an illegal hit (“propnh”, “pressure”);
b) when playing "from the hands" part of the player's body and legs protrude beyond the line of the long board;
c) during the strike, the partner, having leaned on the edge of the table, does not touch the floor with his feet.
In all these cases, the penalty is limited to the fact that the played ball is placed on the table on a common basis. The blow goes to the partner. If all the balls are in the "house", and you need to play "from the hands", then the "depth" of the table, located in the area of the third point, becomes the temporary "home".
Dynamic Pyramid - Neva Pyramid
Purpose of the game
Be the first to score eight balls.
Used balls
A cue ball and fifteen object balls. The cue ball must differ from the object balls in color or special markings.
Ball arrangement:
Fifteen object balls are arranged in the form of a pyramid with the apex at the rear mark.
Kick-off (hand from home)
This hit is allowed to be made from any position, including going beyond the outer side of the long board, but not going beyond the extension of the front line (home line). With a correct hit, all balls played into any pocket after the cue ball has left the house, or it has come into contact with an object ball that is outside the house, are counted.
Playing the game
The game comes with a double order, i.e. you can order both "your own" and "foreign" balls at the same time; the order is counted if even one ball falls.
During the game, after any ball played by order, any accidentally dropped balls are counted. After pocketing "his" ball, the player places his "own" ball on any place of the table, always under the "foreign" ball, i.e. plays by hand.
If, when playing "from the hand", "one's own" ball falls together with the "stranger", then this is not a penalty, but the blow "from the hand" goes to the opponent.
If during the game "from the hand" only "one's" ball falls, and not "another's", then this is not a penalty, but the blow "from the hand" goes to the opponent.
Fielding balls
All incorrectly pocketed, jumped out, as well as balls removed from the shelf for a penalty, are set on the back mark (third point). If this place is occupied, then the balls are placed on the longitudinal line as close as possible, but not close to the interfering ball towards the tailgate, and if this line is also occupied, then towards the center mark. If several balls are exposed at the same time, then they are placed close to each other.
Penalties for violations
For each violation of the rules, the player is charged a penalty in the amount of one ball. If the player has no pocketed balls at the time of the violation, then the penalty is charged after the first ball he pocketed.
Free pyramid (PYRAMID or AMERICAN)
1. Purpose of the game
The first (before the opponent) to score eight points.
2. Penalty ball
2.1. In case of violation of the rules, one of the balls previously correctly pocketed by the offender is exposed. Such a ball is called a penalty ball.
2.2. If the offender has no balls properly pocketed, then the first ball correctly pocketed by him is set as a penalty ball.
3. Cue ball and object balls
3.1. In "Pyramid" there is no constant division of balls into a single cue ball (which is hit with a cue stick) and object balls (which are hit with a cue ball).
3.2. When performing any stroke (except for the initial one), the player can use any ball on the playing surface of the table as a cue ball (regardless of its number and color). Accordingly, all other balls on the playing surface of the table (regardless of their number and color) can serve as aiming balls.
4. Impact
4.1. Collision (touching) of the cue ball with one of the object balls is a prerequisite for any correct hit, including the initial one.
4.2. The cue ball can be hit on an object ball both directly and from any side(s).
4.3. If the cue ball does not touch any of the object balls, then the hit is considered illegal and is punished with a penalty.
5. Rules of the game
5.1. Before each hit (except for the initial one), the player is given the right to choose the cue ball.
5.2. If a ball is pocketed as a result of a legal shot, then the player makes the next shot with the renewal of the right to choose the cue ball.
5.3. If, with a correct hit, none of the balls is pocketed, then the right of the next hit with the right of a new choice of the cue ball passes to the opponent.
5.4. You can score into the pocket as any object ball, as well as the cue ball from any object ball.
5.5. An order is not required. With a correct hit, all balls that fall into the pockets are counted.
6. Playing after an infringement
In case of violation of the rules, the opponent has the right:
(1) himself to make the next stroke, or
(2) require the offender to continue playing.
7. Playing the kickoff
7.1. When drawing the initial blow (breaking the pyramid), the following procedure is used. Having settled down on opposite sides of the longitudinal line of the table, the players simultaneously perform a shot from the hand from the house, sending the balls to the rear board and back. The player whose ball stops closer to the front board wins.
7.2. The draw is considered automatically lost if:
(1) the ball has entered the opponent's half,
(2) did not reach the tailgate,
(3) fell into a pocket,
(4) jumped overboard,
(5) touched a long board or
(7) has touched the tailgate more than once.
7.3. If the rules were violated by both opponents or if the referee cannot determine whose ball stopped closer to the front board, then the rally is repeated.
7.4. The winner of the draw has the right to:
(1) to kick off himself, or
(2) yield to his opponent.
8. Initial arrangement of balls
8.1. Before the opening stroke, fifteen numbered ivory balls are set in the form of an equilateral triangle (pyramid) with the apex at the back table mark and the base parallel to the rear board. All balls must be tightly pressed against each other.
When arranging the balls, a standard triangle should be used.
8.2. The colored ball (no number) used as the cue ball in the kick-off (Pyramid Break) is located in the house.
9. Ball position
The position of the ball is determined by the position of its center.
10. House and house line
10.1. The house line is not part of the house.
10.2. A ball on the home line is considered to be outside the home.
11. Introduction of the cue ball into the game (beginning of the game)
11.1. The cue ball is brought into play with an in-hand kick from home.
11.2. A colored ball (without a number) should be used as the cue ball when performing the initial strike.
11.3. The player who enters the game first may place the cue ball anywhere in the house, but not on the house line.
If the cue ball is placed outside the home, the referee or the opponent must warn the player entering the game about this before he strikes. Otherwise, it is considered that the cue ball is put into play correctly.
If the player who enters the game is warned about the incorrect position of the cue ball, he is obliged to correct it.
11.4. The cue ball is considered to be in play immediately after being hit with the cue stick.
11.5. As long as the cue ball is not in play, it can be corrected with a hand, cue stick, etc. However, any touching of the cue ball after it has been put into play incurs a penalty.
12. Correct Kick Off
12.1. The initial blow (breaking the pyramid) is considered correct if none of the provisions of these rules is violated and, in addition, after the cue ball hits one of the object balls:
(1) one of the balls (the cue ball or any object ball) is legally pocketed in any pocket; or
(2) one of the balls (the cue ball or any object ball) has touched two of the boards; or
(3) one of the balls (the cue ball or any object ball) touched the rails and then crossed the center line.
If none of these requirements is met, the player will be fined.
12.2. If the first player to enter the game fails to make a valid kick-off, his opponent has the right to:
(1) accept the current position of the balls on the table and continue the game; or
(2) accept the current position of the balls on the table and force the offender to continue playing; or
(3) having re-arranged the balls, he himself makes the initial blow; or
(4) after re-arranging the balls, force the offender to kick off again.
13. Alternate splitting
In each subsequent game of the match, the opponents break in turn.
14. Beginning and end of the strike
14.1. The hit starts from the moment the cue sticker touches the cue ball and ends after all the balls come to a complete stop on the playing surface of the table. (A ball rotating in place is considered to be in motion.)
14.2. It is forbidden to start the next stroke before the completion of the previous one. Otherwise, a fine.
15. Hitting the cue ball with a cue
The hit on the cue ball must be made only by sticking the cue in the direction of its longitudinal axis. Otherwise, a fine.
16. Foot touching the floor
When hitting the cue ball, at least one of the player's feet must touch the floor. Otherwise, a fine.
17. Illegal touching of balls
Except for touching the cue ball with the cue sticker when making a stroke, it is prohibited to touch any ball (the cue ball or any object ball) on the playing surface of the table with the body, clothing, chalk, typewriter, cue shaft, etc. Otherwise, a fine.
18. No double strike
When making a hit, the cue stick must touch the cue ball only once. Otherwise, a fine.
19. Prohibition of the pusher
19.1. When hitting the cue ball in any way other than the two described in section 18.2, it is forbidden to tighten the contact of the cue stick with the cue ball until the cue ball hits (touches) the object ball. Otherwise, the blow qualifies as a kick and is punished with a penalty.
19.2. If the cue ball touches an object ball, or if the distance between the cue ball and the object ball is so small that it is practically impossible to avoid instant triple contact when hitting the cue ball - "cue stick - cue ball - object ball" (this distance, as a rule, does not exceed the size standard billiard chalk), then hitting the cue ball with a cue ball does not qualify as a push if it is delivered:
(1) at an angle of at least 45 degrees away from the center line of the two balls; or
(2) in such a way that the cue ball does not follow the object ball more than half a ball.
Otherwise, a fine.
Note:
Hitting the cue ball away from a touching object ball (without displacing the latter) does not count as a collision of the cue ball with that object ball. If after that the cue ball has not touched any of the object balls, then the hit is considered illegal and is punished with a penalty.
20. Correct hit
Any hit (with the exception of the initial one) is considered correct (correctly completed) if none of the provisions of these rules is violated and, in addition, after the collision (touching) of the cue ball with one of the object balls of any of the balls on the playing surface of the table (the cue ball or any object ball ):
(1) pocketed; or
(2) is reflected off any side and then: (a) touches the other side, or (b) brings any ball to the other side, or (c) touches any ball close to the other side; or
(3) crosses the center line and then: (a) touches any board, or (b) brings any ball to any board; or
(4) bounces off any board and then: (a) crosses the center line, or (b) rolls any ball over it.
If none of these conditions is met, then a fine is imposed.
Notes:
1. All elementary game events (collisions of balls, reflections from the boards, crossing the center line of the table, etc.) must occur only in the sequence indicated above. Otherwise, a fine.
2. If the cue ball hits an object ball that is close to the board, and this object ball is reflected from the board, in turn hits the cue ball and brings it to the other side or rolls over the center line, then the hit is considered correct only if there were two separate collisions - "cue ball-object ball" and "object ball-cue ball". Otherwise, a fine.
3. The ball crosses the center line only if the center line crosses the center of the ball.
4. If one of the balls bounces off the lip ("nose") of the middle pocket and returns to its half of the playing surface of the table, then its center has crossed the center line at least once.
21. Correctly and incorrectly potted balls
21.1. The ball is considered to be correctly pocketed (played) if it fell into the pocket as a result of a legal hit.
21.2. All correctly pocketed balls are removed from the pockets and placed on a special shelf. (Each of the players is assigned a separate regiment.)
21.3. If at least one of the provisions of these rules was violated during a hit, then all the balls that fell into the pockets as a result of this hit are considered incorrectly pocketed.
21.4. All incorrectly pocketed balls do not count and are placed along with the penalty ball.
21.5. A ball that has jumped out of the pocket onto the playing surface of the table is considered not pocketed and remains in the game. (There is no penalty for this.)
22. Ball on the edge of the pocket
22.1. If the ball hovering over the pocket spontaneously falls into the pocket without colliding with another ball, and if this did not affect the final result of the hit that began, then it is restored to its original place and the game continues.
22.2. If the ball hovering over the pocket spontaneously falls into the pocket without colliding with another ball, and if this affected the final result of the blow that began (that is, if the ball that spontaneously fell into the pocket would inevitably be hit by one of the balls set in motion), then all balls are restored with the maximum possible accuracy to their previous positions and the blow is repeated.
22.3. If a moving ball stops for a moment at the edge of the pocket in a position of unstable equilibrium, and then falls into the pocket, then it is considered to have fallen into the pocket as a result of a hit and is not restored.
22. Popped ball
22.1. The ball is considered to have jumped overboard if, after the completion of the stroke, it stopped outside the playing surface of the table (on an elastic board, on a handrail, on the floor, etc.).
22.2. The ball is not considered to have jumped out if, having hit the upper part of the elastic board or handrail, it returns to the playing surface on its own without hitting any other object that is not a stationary accessory of the billiard table. If the ball touches any object that is not an accessory of the table, for example, a lighting device, chalk on the board or handrail, etc., then it is considered to have jumped out, even if after that it returns to the playing surface on its own.
22.3. If any ball (the cue ball or any object ball) goes overboard, the player is penalized.
22.4. All popped-up balls are exposed after the completion of the stroke, along with a free kick.
23. Showing the balls
23.1. All incorrectly pocketed, overboard, and penalty balls are placed after the end of the stroke and before the start of the next one.
23.2. The single ball is placed on the back mark.
If several balls are fielded, they are placed in random order on the line of fielding balls from the back mark to the back board as close as possible, but not close to each other.
If any balls located near or directly on the fielding line interfere with the fielding process, then the fielded balls are placed on the fielding line as close as possible to the back mark and as close as possible, but not close to the interfering balls. In the event that there is not enough space for the fielded balls between the back mark and the back board, then the balls are fielded on the extension of the line for fielding balls (between the back mark and the center of the playing surface of the table) as close as possible to the back mark.
23.4. Any ball exposed may be chosen to play as the cue ball or object ball.
24. Slow game
If, in the opinion of the referee, the player delays the course of the competition or the game by slowing down the game, then the referee, after warning the player, may impose a forty-five-second time limit on the preparation of strokes by both players (i.e., the game of both is controlled by a stopwatch). If after that one of the players, warned by the referee 10 seconds before the expiration of the allotted time, does not fit within the established time frame, then a penalty is announced.
The control stopwatch starts after the completion of the previous stroke and controls the time until the start of the next one. The time that the balls on the table are in motion does not count.
If the player has not yet approached the table to strike, then 10 seconds before the expiration of the allotted time, a warning from the referee must follow
If a player leans over the table to strike earlier than 10 seconds before the expiration of the allotted time, then no temporary warning is given and no penalty is imposed. If the player straightens up again, the referee proceeds according to the normal time control procedure.
Each player is entitled to a two-fold extension of the time limit once per game. If the score in the match is tied and the players have only one (counter) game left to play, then each player is entitled to two extensions in this game. The player must announce the extension in a timely manner and ensure that the referee is notified of this.
25. Interference by an outsider
If during the game the balls move due to the intervention of an outside person (directly or by some kind of influence on the player making the kick), then they are returned to their original positions and the game continues, and no penalty is imposed for this /at the same time. This rule also applies in case of emergencies (earthquake, hurricane, falling lighting fixture, sudden blackout, etc.)
If it is not possible to restore the position of the balls, then a colored unnumbered ball is placed in the house (if the unnumbered ball is out of the game, then it is returned to the game instead of any of the numbered balls remaining on the table), all numbered balls remaining on the table are placed in the form of a pyramid (or shortened pyramid) with the apex at the back mark, the right of the subsequent strike is determined by the rally and the game continues according to the kick-off rule. The score remains the same as it was at the time the game was interrupted.
26. Interfering with the opponent's play
If a player who has completed his turn strikes out of turn or dislodges (touches) any ball while an opponent is in play, this is considered interference with the game and incurs a penalty.
27. Fines
27.1. Penalties are imposed in the following cases:
(1) if the cue ball has not touched any of the object balls on impact;
(2) an incorrect kickoff;
(3) if the next stroke starts before the completion of the previous one;
(4) when the cue ball is incorrectly hit with the cue ball;
(5) when hitting the cue ball with both feet off the floor;
(6) when touching the balls is prohibited;
(7) in double strike;
(8) when squandered;
(9) at an incorrect (incorrectly completed) stroke;
(10) when the cue ball or any object ball goes overboard;
(11) in violation of the provisions of section "Slow Game";
(12) when interfering with the opponent's play.
27.2. If the player commits several violations during the execution of one stroke, the penalty is charged in a single amount.
Free Pyramid (Continued American, Big American)
The game is played according to the rules of the usual free pyramid ("American"), but there are the following differences:
1) The game is played up to 80 pocketed balls
2) When two balls remain on the table, the pyramid is repositioned, but the player can choose:
- or put the whole pyramid and robbery comes from home
- either the balls remain in their places and a truncated pyramid is placed (without one ball)
P.S. The game is ideal for training the serial pocketing of balls (series of more than 10 balls)
Play and enjoy.
Russian billiards. General rules.
The history of billiard sports in Russia has deep roots, but despite the obvious popularity of this game among the population, it existed semi-legally for a long time. Until the end of the 80s of the last century, when the Federation of Billiard Sports was created by the efforts of enthusiasts, all tournaments were local-amateur in nature, i.e. were held within the framework of one billiard room by the efforts of local billiard players. The creation of the Federation made it possible, finally, to make the long-awaited transition from an amateur sport that does not have clear rules to a professional and regulated one. And in 1994, the rules of the game and the procedure for holding competitions in Russian billiards were officially approved.
§ 1. Hitting the cue ball.
Method of striking: by sticking the cue in the direction of its longitudinal axis, and only a single touch of the cue ball with the stick is allowed. The position of the other balls at the moment of impact: object balls are set if necessary, all balls are stationary. Player Position: The player touches the floor with at least one foot. Impact angle: a) If the cue ball is close to the object ball - at least 45 degrees. In case of doubt, the angle of impact is specified by the referee. In this case, the cue ball is hit either on a cut away from the center line, or in such a way as to make the cue ball go away from the object ball or roll back. b) In the presence of an object ball close to the cue ball - at any angle to the center line on a common basis. Illegal Hits: a) Push - a hit in which the contact time of the cue stick with the cue ball is delayed by the player, as a result of which both the cue ball and the object ball are pushed forward. b) Pressure - a blow that causes nearby or touching balls under the pressure of the cue to be pressed into the pocket or change location.
Penalties: Players who fail to comply with these rules will be penalized.
§ 2. Draw of the initial blow.
To determine which of the players will be the first to enter the game, a draw is held between them. The rally procedure: Players shoot the cue ball from home towards the back board, standing on opposite sides of the longitudinal line of the table. In case of disagreement between the players regarding the location of the longitudinal line on one side or another, the issue is resolved by drawing lots. Automatic Loss: The player automatically loses the rally if the cue ball hits the pocket, goes overboard, touches the long board, does not touch the back board, goes to the opponent's half. Summing up: The right of the first hit is given to the player whose ball has stopped closest to the front board. Re-draw: held if both balls stop at the same distance from the front wall, as well as in case of violation of the rules by both players. The right of the winner: to open the game himself or to cede this right to an opponent. Subsequent games: The opponents continue the game in turn until the decisive game, before the start of which the rally is played again.
§ 3. Order of arrangement of balls.
After drawing the initial blow on the playing field, using a triangle, a pyramid of fifteen object balls standing close to each other with the top at the back mark and the base parallel to the short board is installed.
§ 4. Initial blow.
In all games, the opening kick from home is made with the cue ball to one of the object balls. As a result of breaking the pyramid, one of the balls must play into the pocket, cross the middle line or touch two boards.
a) "Russian pyramid" (71 points), "American", "Moscow pyramid", "Pyramid of 8 balls" (eight). Position of the player: at the moment of impact, the player's body must not extend beyond the extension of the outer side of the long board. Scored Balls (if hit correctly): Scored are balls played into the corner pockets farthest from home, as well as balls that accidentally fall into other pockets as a result of being played before, after or at the time of the fall of the played ball.
Quick views of the above games. Player Location: A player may shoot from any position, including from outside the long boards, but without going beyond the extension of the home line. Balls Counted (If Struck Right): Balls pocketed are counted when the cue ball is out of home or the cue ball hits an object ball that is out of home.
b) Temporary home: If it is not possible to shoot from home when all the object balls are in the home without exception, the kick is made from the opposite side of the table, which acts as a temporary home, bounded by the back line and the tailboard.
c) Placement of the cue ball: the cue ball is placed anywhere in the house by hand or with a cue stick or cue stick. A player who accidentally places the cue ball outside the home line receives a warning from the referee. If a player ignores the warning and re-positions the cue ball away from home or shoots from outside the home, he will be penalized.
d) Putting the cue ball into play: A cue ball that crosses the home line or touches one of the object balls on the playing field after hitting the cue stick is considered put in play. If any of these conditions is not met, the kickoff is retaken.
e) Rules common to all games: The kick-off from home can only be played on balls that are out of home. Balls located in the home can only be played if the cue ball goes out of the home or the cue ball collides with one of the object balls located outside the home. The conditions under which a ball thus played count are listed in a.
Game situations in which it is required to perform a kick from home:
. the beginning of the party (all games);
. denouement of the "deaf position" (all games);
. score 70:70 (all types of "Russian pyramid");
. hitting the cue ball into the pocket or flying the cue ball overboard (“Russian pyramid”, “Moscow pyramid”, “Pyramid of 8 balls”, fast types of these games).
§ 5. Played balls.
A ball pocketed by a correctly executed stroke is said to be played. Nuances: a) The ball remains in the game if, having reflected from the pocket, it returns to the playing area of the table. b) An object ball cannot be counted and is fielded without penalty if it was pocketed by intentional rolling down the side. When placing the ball, they are guided by the rules of a particular game.
§ 6. Jumping balls.
The ball is called jumped out if it: a) stops outside the playing field after the stroke, i.e. on the floor, on board, etc.; b) as a result of a blow against any object outside the table (hand, clothes, cue, chalk) independently returns to the playing surface of the table. Violations: A player whose ball, at the moment of popping up, touches any object belonging to one of the partners (chalk, cue, clothes) within the table, is considered to have violated the rules and receives a penalty. A similar behavior of the ball off the table is not a violation.
Balls returned to the field after hitting any object within the table (lighting device, pocket bracket, cue stick) remain in the game.
Showing popped balls: governed by the rules of a particular game, as well as some general provisions. a) After the stroke is completed, object balls that have popped up are placed without penalty, balls played are counted, and the player is entitled to make the next move. Other features depend on the selected game. b) A jumping cue ball is punished with a penalty, and if there are balls pocketed as a result of such a blow, the balls are not counted. The way the cue ball is placed varies depending on the requirements of the game:
- When playing Russian Pyramid, Moscow Pyramid, 8 Ball Pyramid, including fast types of these games, the cue ball is placed by the judge in the middle of the short side of the house or temporary house, so that the opponent entering the game can make a blow from his hand from the house. In this case, the opponent has the right to refuse a blow in favor of the player, depending on the game situation (“play on”).
- When playing "American", the cue ball is placed in the middle of the back board close to the board or on the back mark, if we are talking about a fast version of this game.
§ 7. Exposing the balls.
The rules for placing popped and incorrectly pocketed balls are established within the framework of a particular game. However, in all games, any fielded ball is played as an object ball.
§ 8. Position of the ball.
The position of the ball on the playing field is judged by the position of its lower point, called the center of the ball, relative to the lines and marks of the table. If the ball during the game is exactly on one of the lines of the table, it is considered to be standing outside this line. Examples: A ball that stops exactly on the center line will be placed on the opposite side of the table from the playing side. A ball that is exactly on the home line will be considered to be outside the home.
§ 9. The beginning and end of the blow.
The impact time is counted from the moment the cue ball hits the cue stick until the full stop of all balls on the field, including balls rotating in place.
§ 10. Impact on a nearby ball.
A ball located at a distance of no more than 1/2 of the radius of the ball is considered to be close to the cue ball. A hit on a nearby ball, as well as on a ball in contact with the cue ball, is considered correct if: a) it is made on a cut at an angle of at least 45 degrees away from the center line; b) after a collision with such a ball, the cue ball stops or moves back or to the side, but does not go beyond the line of the penalty area. Any violations are punishable by a fine.
§ 11. Entry into the game of the opponent.
If, after the completion of the stroke by one of the players, none of the balls was played or the stroke was made in violation of the rules, the move passes to the opponent. If the violation of the rules also implies the imposition of a penalty, the opponent gets the right, depending on the game situation on the field, to require the offender to make the next stroke (“play on”).
§ 12. Penalties.
Separate violations of the rules of the game entail the imposition of a fine. In case of repeated violation of the rules when performing one stroke, the player is penalized once. Points are not awarded for balls pocketed in violation of the rules, and balls are set according to the rules of a particular game.
General Penalties:
1) delivering the next blow before the completion of the previous one; 2) touching with a hand, clothing, cue, etc. any ball on the field during the game; 3) interference in the opponent's game.
Penalties for violations related to hitting the cue ball:
1) taking the cue ball out of the house line when performing the initial blow; 2) execution of the initial blow to the cue ball from the opposite end of the table; 3) separation of both legs from the floor when hitting the cue ball; 4) carrying out the body beyond the extension of the outer side of the long board at the time of the initial blow from the hand from the house; 5) touching the cue ball with an object ball located in the house, when hitting from the hand from the house; 6) lack of contact of the cue ball with an object ball; 7) cue ball going overboard; 8) an illegal hit on the cue ball; 9) an illegal hit by the cue ball on a nearby object ball; 10) pushing a ball away from the cue ball by more than 1/2 of the radius of the ball, i.e. delaying the contact time of the cue ball with the cue stick, as a result of which both the cue ball and the object ball are pushed; 11) impact by pressure with indentation of the object ball from the board into the pocket; 11) double hit on the cue ball with a cue sticker.
Game specific penalties:
1) the execution of the strike is not crowded ("Russian" and "Moscow pyramids"); 2) the cue ball falling into the pocket (“Russian pyramid”); 3) wrong acting out (“American”).
§ 13. Hanging balls.
The ball is called suspended if, as a result of a blow, it stops in the opening of the pocket, with difficulty maintaining balance, i.e. hovering over the hole. Depending on the surrounding circumstances and the subsequent behavior of the hovering ball, such a ball may or may not count. A hung ball is counted (considered played) if: a) it falls into the pocket before the stroke is completed, while the player gets the right to make the next move; b) falls into the pocket due to inertia after a short stop in the alignment of the pocket, while the cue ball, with which the ball was sent into the pocket, remains in place; c) this ball is the last of the balls moving on the field and falls into the pocket, only for a few seconds lingering in the alignment of the pocket.
A hung ball is not counted if: a) it falls into the pocket after the stroke is completed; b) the subsequent fall of the ball into the pocket is caused by a push or shaking of the table; c) when it is hit by the cue ball, the ball actually falls not from the impact, but spontaneously until it touches the cue ball. In the first two cases, the fallen ball is placed by the referee in its original place, and the game is resumed on a common basis. In the third case, the ball is returned to the place for a re-stroke without penalty.
Special cases: When playing "Russian Pyramid" and "Pyramid of 8 balls", including fast types of these games, hovering over the pocket, and then falling into it, the cue ball is not punished by a fine, but when playing "Moscow Pyramid" and its fast types, the fallen thus the cue ball is not considered played.
§ 14. "Deaf position".
During the game, situations may arise when one of the pockets is blocked by an accumulation of balls or when the position of the balls on the playing field practically does not change after a series of wagering, as a result of which the game becomes protracted. In such cases, it is said that there is a "deaf position". To resolve the situation, the referee, having announced his decision to the partners, uses a triangle to establish a shortened pyramid from the object balls remaining on the table, placing the front ball on the back mark. After the draw, the winner gets the right to continue the game from his hand from home.
§ 15. Interference by an outsider.
All cases of interference by unauthorized persons and external forces that could disrupt the course of the game are under the jurisdiction of the referee, who restores the original arrangement of balls on the playing field for a re-hit, without imposing penalties on the participants in the game. The cases of unintentional interference include: a) direct impact on the ball by an outside person, as a result of which the ball starts to move; b) physical impact on the kicking player, as a result of which the ball moves or changes the trajectory of movement; c) the occurrence of emergency circumstances, such as a power outage, a fall of a lighting device, equipment breakdown, a gust of wind, etc. If the actions of an outsider are intentional, the game is suspended until the expulsion of this person from the venue of the competition.
§ 16 Interference by the opponent.
Penalties are applied to an opponent who interferes with a partner's game. Cases qualifying as interference: a) touching or moving towards any ball on the field, stopping the moving ball - the balls return to their original positions, the game continues; b) delay of the ball being played, which is on the way to the pocket - the ball is counted, the game continues; c) preventing the player from making a stroke by interfering with him, as well as diverting his attention from the game; d) intentional interference - is punished in accordance with the section "Unsportsmanlike Conduct".
§ 17. Deliberately delaying the game.
If the referee, who controls the course of the game, comes to the conclusion that one of the players deliberately prolonged the game, such a player receives a warning, and the time to prepare the next stroke is reduced for him to one minute.
Billiards is one of the most ancient games of mankind along with chess and cards, but not everyone knows how to rub a cue in billiards and how many balls are in this game. Until now, there are disputes between scientists, experts about who is the ancestor of billiards. Most researchers are sure that the inventors of the game of billiards are the Chinese. It was from them that the merchants of Genoa brought the game to Europe. But the stiff English argue with the Chinese. They also had a game with balls and bats. True, they played on the ground. The Germans are not far behind. After all, their ancestors also loved to drive stone balls on special tables. Disputes by disputes, but the game became popular, and the status of a person practically did not play a role. Billiards has been and remains one of the most democratic games.
What do you need to play billiards
To play, you must have a special table with pockets, a cue and balls. The best table is the one on which a solid stone slab plays the role of a countertop. Champions play on these tables.
Balls used to be made of ivory, they were considered the best. But there were fewer and fewer elephants, and more and more balls were needed. But in the 20th century, a Belgian company patented a special polymer material - aramit, from which all billiard balls are made now. They are considered ideal, since the center of gravity of the ball coincides with its geometric center. The diameter of the balls ranges from 40 to 70 mm.
A cue is a special stick with which a blow is made in billiards. There is no single standard in the world. The length and weight of the cue is a matter of player preference. Usually its length is about 150-170 cm, and its weight is about 700-900 grams. For the "American" and carambola, the cues are somewhat shorter and lighter. Cues are made composite of especially hard woods. Outwardly, the cue resembles a cone. The thickened side, which is called the "turnyak" and is filled with lead for weight.
In addition to these basic details, there is also auxiliary equipment: a typewriter or colloquially called mother-in-law - a device for a cue that makes it easier to hit. There is also a "mazik" - a device for one-armed players. But newbies use it too.
How to rub a cue in billiards
If you have closely watched the game of billiards, you probably noticed that during the game, players rub their cues with something before hitting. And the most attentive could notice that the players use something similar to chalk. This is it. True, not the one we are used to at school, but a special one. The chalk used in billiards has a denser structure and does not stain the tablecloth. And they rub the cue with it so that the cue does not slip off the ball and the blow does not stick out. Now you know how to rub a cue in billiards.
How to beat in billiards
If after hitting the ball flew into the pocket, then this is a correct hit. If this did not happen, then, no matter how the audience did not admire this blow, then it will not be considered correct. You can of course describe what strokes exist in billiards. But until you practically use them in the game, they are useless.
How many balls are in billiards
The number of balls on the table depends on the type of billiards. For example, in any form of Russian billiards, there will initially be 16 balls on the table.
How many balls are in American billiards? In the pool, this number is different. Depending on the type of pool, there can be from 4 to 16 balls on the table.
English snooker is played with a large number of balls - 22 pieces.
And in conclusion, we can say that only smart people can play billiards. For it is impossible to see a winning combination in a situation on the table and put it into practice without the presence of gray matter in the head. Billiards is a game of intellectuals.
