Astrakhan tomatoes ripen remarkably well lying on the ground, but this experience should not be repeated in the Moscow region. Our tomatoes need support, support, garter. My neighbors use all sorts of stakes, tie-downs, loops, ready-made plant supports and mesh fencing. Each method of fixing a plant in a vertical position has its own advantages and “side effects”. I'll tell you how I place tomato bushes on trellises and what comes out of it.

Flies are a sign of unsanitary conditions and carriers of infectious diseases that are dangerous to both people and animals. People are constantly looking for ways to get rid of unpleasant insects. In this article we will talk about the Zlobny TED brand, which specializes in fly repellents and knows a lot about them. The manufacturer has developed a specialized line of products to get rid of flying insects anywhere quickly, safely and at no extra cost.

The summer months are the time for hydrangeas to bloom. This beautiful deciduous shrub produces luxuriously fragrant flowers from June to September. Florists readily use large inflorescences for wedding decorations and bouquets. To admire the beauty of a flowering hydrangea bush in your garden, you should take care of the proper conditions for it. Unfortunately, some hydrangeas do not bloom year after year, despite the care and efforts of gardeners. We will explain why this happens in the article.

Every summer resident knows that plants need nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for full development. These are three main macronutrients, the deficiency of which significantly affects the appearance and yield of plants, and in advanced cases can lead to their death. But not everyone understands the importance of other macro- and microelements for plant health. And they are important not only in themselves, but also for the effective absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

Garden strawberries, or strawberries, as we used to call them, are one of the early aromatic berries that summer generously gifts us with. How happy we are about this harvest! In order for the “berry boom” to repeat every year, we need to take care of the berry bushes in the summer (after the end of fruiting). The laying of flower buds, from which ovaries will form in the spring and berries in the summer, begins approximately 30 days after the end of fruiting.

Spicy pickled watermelon is a savory appetizer for fatty meat. Watermelons and watermelon rinds have been pickled since time immemorial, but this process is labor-intensive and time-consuming. According to my recipe, you can simply prepare pickled watermelon in 10 minutes, and by the evening the spicy appetizer will be ready. Watermelon marinated with spices and chili can be stored in the refrigerator for several days. Be sure to keep the jar in the refrigerator, not only for the sake of safety - when chilled, this snack is simply licking your fingers!

Among the variety of species and hybrids of philodendrons, there are many plants, both gigantic and compact. But not a single species competes in unpretentiousness with the main modest one - the blushing philodendron. True, his modesty does not concern the appearance of the plant. Blushing stems and cuttings, huge leaves, long shoots, forming, although very large, but also a strikingly elegant silhouette, look very elegant. Philodendron blushing requires only one thing - at least minimal care.

Thick chickpea soup with vegetables and egg is a simple recipe for a hearty first course, inspired by oriental cuisine. Similar thick soups are prepared in India, Morocco, and Southeast Asian countries. The tone is set by spices and seasonings - garlic, chili, ginger and a bouquet of spicy spices, which can be assembled to your taste. It is better to fry vegetables and spices in clarified butter (ghee) or mix olive and butter in a pan; this, of course, is not the same, but it tastes similar.

Plum - well, who isn’t familiar with it?! She is loved by many gardeners. And all because it has an impressive list of varieties, surprises with excellent yields, pleases with its diversity in terms of ripening and a huge selection of color, shape and taste of fruits. Yes, in some places it feels better, in others it feels worse, but almost no summer resident gives up the pleasure of growing it on his plot. Today it can be found not only in the south, in the middle zone, but also in the Urals and Siberia.

Many ornamental and fruit crops, except drought-resistant ones, suffer from the scorching sun, and conifers in the winter-spring period suffer from sunlight, enhanced by reflection from the snow. In this article we will tell you about a unique preparation for protecting plants from sunburn and drought - Sunshet Agrosuccess. The problem is relevant for most regions of Russia. In February and early March, the sun's rays become more active, and the plants are not yet ready for new conditions.

“Every vegetable has its own time,” and every plant has its own optimal time for planting. Anyone who has dealt with planting is well aware that the hot season for planting is spring and autumn. This is due to several factors: in the spring the plants have not yet begun to grow rapidly, there is no sweltering heat and precipitation often falls. However, no matter how hard we try, circumstances often develop such that planting has to be carried out in the midst of summer.

Chili con carne translated from Spanish means chili with meat. This is a Texas and Mexican dish whose main ingredients are chili peppers and shredded beef. In addition to the main products there are onions, carrots, tomatoes, and beans. This red lentil chili recipe is delicious! The dish is fiery, scalding, very filling and amazingly tasty! You can make a big pot, put it in containers and freeze - you'll have a delicious dinner for a whole week.

Cucumber is one of the most favorite garden crops of our summer residents. However, not all and not always gardeners manage to get a really good harvest. And although growing cucumbers requires regular attention and care, there is a little secret that will significantly increase their yield. We are talking about pinching cucumbers. Why, how and when to pinch cucumbers, we will tell you in the article. An important point in the agricultural technology of cucumbers is their formation, or type of growth.

Now every gardener has the opportunity to grow absolutely environmentally friendly, healthy fruits and vegetables in their own garden. Atlant microbiological fertilizer will help with this. It contains helper bacteria that settle in the root system area and begin to work for the benefit of the plant, allowing it to actively grow, remain healthy and produce high yields. Typically, many microorganisms coexist around the root system of plants.

Summer is associated with beautiful flowers. Both in the garden and in the rooms you want to admire the luxurious inflorescences and touching flowers. And for this it is not at all necessary to use cut bouquets. The assortment of the best indoor plants includes many beautifully flowering species. In the summer, when they receive the brightest lighting and optimal daylight hours, they can outshine any bouquet. Short-lived or just annual crops also look like living bouquets.

Friends, many novice smokers of quality tobacco often do not know the main types of tobacco used in tobacco products.
Now we will analyze them in more detail and give the main characteristics.

BESOEKI
A cigar-type tobacco variety, also known as Bezuki, grown primarily in Indonesia. The best characteristics are achieved on plantations on the island of Java. In cigar production it is used as a cover sheet.

BRAZILIA
Strong tobacco, also known under the brand name “Flor Fina”. Widely used in combination with Java and Kentuky varieties.

BURLEY

It has a low sugar content, so during processing it is sometimes saturated with flavorings based on honey, molasses, vanilla sugars or glucose, fructose. It burns slowly and when smoked has a characteristic aroma with nutty, caramel and chocolate notes. Most often it undergoes primary processing using the air drying method.

CAROLINA
South Carolina tobacco. Large-leaved, sweet, with a slight sourness, it has characteristic fruity notes in taste and aroma.

CAVENDISH

Tobacco got its name in honor of an English sea captain, who, in order to save space during transportation, once decided to compact tobacco in rum barrels. Upon arrival in England, the barrels were opened and it was discovered that the pressed tobacco, saturated with the smell of rum, repeatedly heated in the hot tropics and cooled during storms, became much better and more aromatic.
Essentially, it is tobacco (or a mixture of tobaccos) that has undergone double or multiple fermentation, resulting in a reduced nicotine content in the leaves. Freed from some undesirable ingredients, they acquire an exceptionally mild taste and delicate aroma.
There are American-style Cavendishes, usually based on air-dried Burley, prepared with a large amount of molasses and flavorings and treated with high pressure steam; Dutch blends - Cavendishes, usually consisting of American, Puerto Rican and Indonesian tobaccos, quickly matured in special fermentation chambers under carefully controlled temperature, pressure and humidity under the influence of catalytic additives; spicy aged Danish cavendishes from Virginia and Burley tobacco varieties and natural cavendishes, most often from Virginia tobaccos, the preparation process of which is reminiscent of the processing of Perique tobacco.
During the processing process, the leaves are repeatedly pressed, transferred, steamed and dried until they lose a significant part of the nicotine, proteins and starch. Some manufacturers press at high temperatures. Dark Cavendish - Black Cavendish is an integral component of many English, Scottish and Danish tobacco blends.

CIGAR LEAF
Aromatic tobaccos used in blends of the French, Swiss and Dutch flavor groups. The most valued tobaccos are from Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Brazil, Nacaragua, Honduras, Ecuador, Sumatra, Java, Jamaica, Mexico, Cameroon, the Philippines, and American tobaccos from the states of Connecticut, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, Florida, Ohio and Georgia. In pipe blends, they are usually combined with other cigar varieties of tobacco.

DARK FIRED
The variety is a close relative of Virginia tobacco, but is darker, has more sweetness and a stronger aroma. Sometimes used with the addition of aromatic herbs.

DUBEC
Asian small leaf tobacco. Depending on the microclimate, agricultural technology and processing method, it can produce raw materials of different aromaticity. Grown mainly in Turkey, it is also cultivated in Macedonia, Crimea and on the black soils of the Krasnodar region.

HAVANA
A variety of Cuban tobacco with the smell of famous cigars. It is also used for pipe tobacco mixtures.

IZMIR
Tobacco from Turkey, from the Aegean coast. It is characterized by low nicotine content, high sugar content and exceptional aroma. Greek Izmir-type tobaccos are known as Smirna.

JAVA
Cigarette-type tobacco, not very strong, is often used in pipe mixtures in combination with Brazilian varieties. Burns evenly. The most important component of Dutch Cavendish.

KENTUCKY
Large-leaf variety, bred in Kentucky, stronger and darker, smoke-dried, with the smell of dried plums. It is so strong that no more than 20% of it is added to the mixture.

LATAKIA
An Asian variety of tobacco grown in Cyprus and Syria (Latakia is a port city in Syria). The plants are low (12-15 centimeters), small-leaved; unlike other varieties, when harvesting, not individual leaves are cut off, but the entire plant at the root. Smoke-dried hardwood sawdust (most often oak, myrtle and cypress) acquires a dark, almost black color, which gives classic English tobacco blends their characteristic odor.
Syrian Latakia is characterized by a richer taste and aroma. Tobacco of the same variety, depending on the microclimate, agricultural technology and processing method, may differ in properties. The difference between Cypriot and Syrian latakia is also determined by the different composition of sawdust used in the processing of tobacco leaves.

MACEDONIA BRIGHT
Small-leaved light tobacco that adds a sweetish, nutty aroma to mixtures. Grown in Greece, Bulgaria and the countries of the former Yugoslavia. Pairs well with Latakia tobacco.

MADURO
Dark brown air-cured tobacco leaves that have undergone long-term natural fermentation. Most often used as a wrapper for cigars and cigarillos, as well as in combination with other tobaccos as part of pipe mixtures.

MANILA
A variety of cigar tobacco grown in the Philippine Islands.

MARYLAND
Tobacco grown in the US state of Maryland. Light, light, air drying. It is considered neutral in taste and smell, due to which it has become the basis of many flavored tobacco mixtures, and burns well.

ORIENTAL
Tobacco varieties cultivated in the Balkans, in the countries of the Black Sea region and the Mediterranean region (English oriental - eastern, Asian). Most often they have oval and arrow-shaped small leaves of yellow-green, olive or light brown color. Traditionally, they undergo primary processing by drying in the sun, in the open air. It is distinguished by a high content of sugars and essential oils, which gives them a sweetish but piquant taste and aroma. Depending on the selection and region, each variety has many variations, among which there are both basic - skeletal (main) tobaccos, and pronounced seasoning tobaccos. Pipe mixtures typically use compositions from different varieties. Such varieties of tobacco are also grown in Moldova, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, and Iran.

PERIQUE
This tobacco is grown only in the US state of Louisiana, on moist soils along the banks of the Mississippi. Air-dried and press-fermented according to the Indian method, this piquant tobacco, almost black in color, imparts a specific taste and aroma to many famous blends. Named after the Frenchman who studied Indian methods of preparing it.

SAMSUN
Tobacco comes from the Black Sea coast (Samsun is a Turkish port city). It is grown almost everywhere in the Balkans, Asia, and Ukraine. Small, but very dense and elastic leaves with a high sugar content are distinguished by a delicate, soft aroma. In Asian (oriental) mixtures they are used to harmonize and better combine aromatic components.

SUMATRA
Indonesian large-leaf cigar tobacco varieties of the highest quality. Often used as wrapper leaves for cigars and cigarillos. The most popular tobaccos are Deli, Langkat and Serdang.

TURKISH
This name includes aromatic Asian and semi-Asian varieties of tobacco, which are often used in English and Scottish classic tobacco blends. These are sweet, savory, sun-dried tobaccos.

VIRGINIA
A variety of tobacco named after the oldest British colony on the American continent. It is also cultivated in other states (Florida, Georgia, both Carolinas), South Africa, Canada, India, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Malawi, China. He also conquered Europe.
This large-leaved and sweet variety is the basis of most tobacco mixtures, although it is also smoked in its pure form, without the introduction of other ingredients. The characteristics of tobacco depend on selection, soil, microclimate, and processing method. Most often, primary processing is drying in heat with hot air. Recently, to speed up the technological process, drying in chambers is increasingly being replaced by steam treatment, but such tobaccos are not used in pipe tobacco mixtures.
Fragrant, aged leaves of Virginia varieties with a clean, sweet taste with fruity notes - Matured Virginia.
Golden leaves of Virginia tobacco varieties dried in a fire tube are called Gold Virginia.
Red Virginia - red speckled leaves of Virginia tobacco, high in natural sugars for which Africa is famous. The basis of many classic tobacco blends.
Stoved Virginia - leaves of Virginia tobacco varieties, dried in a fire tube and darkened as a result of treatment with high pressure steam. They have a less pronounced aroma than Matured Virginia and fresh fruity and chocolate notes in the taste.

ZIMBABWEAN ORANGE
Virginia tobacco, dried in a flame tube, with a high content of natural sugars and an islandy taste with fruity notes. It burns well.

The world of pipe and roll-your-own tobacco is very rich and diverse. The online store purocigars.ru will help you understand the names of nabaks, taste differences, and methods of drying and cutting tobacco.

So...

There are several “main” varieties of tobacco, on the basis of which various and innumerable mixtures are then prepared. The ratio of the main varieties (their quantitative proportion) in tobacco determines its taste properties and unique aroma.

Virginia

This is the most famous tobacco in the world. Virginia accounts for 70% of all tobacco produced in the world. The name of this variety comes from the name of the former British colony founded by Sir Walter Raleigh, and named after Queen Elizabeth I of England. Currently, tobacco of this variety grows not only in the state of Virginia, but also in other parts of America, Asia, Africa, South America and Europe. Virginia tobacco has a high sugar content, which contributes to its pleasant taste. The nicotine content can vary from 1 to 3.5%, 2% is the average. After harvest, the leaves are dried in special barns, where they remain for approximately 3-5 days. Further processing is carried out by sales agents. The leaves undergo a fermentation process for 1-2 years and are then separated from the stems. Before sale, they are sorted by color and quality, resulting in raw materials for pipe tobacco manufacturers. This type of tobacco is often used as the basis for any

mixtures, although it smokes well in its pure form. Virginia tobacco has a subtle, delicate sweetish taste that is pleasant to feel in the mouth.

It is the mildest of all tobaccos and is used in almost all tobacco blends due to its good burning properties.

Pure virgin tobacco (without impurities) most often comes in the form of flakes. A prime example is Dunhill Light Flake (medium strength, quite sweet taste), Rattray brand tobacco is quite mild, Marlin Flake is a heavyweight representative of the family of pure virginia tobaccos (strong), the taste remains consistently sweet.

Burley

Burley is a relatively young tobacco with a wonderful aroma and is therefore often used for aromatic purposes. The second most popular pipe tobacco. Burley grows in Tennessee, Kentucky and Ohio. It is low in sugar, high in nicotine (1.5 - 4.5%), and burns slowly for a cool smoking experience. Often added to mixtures that tend to burn quickly and violently. Burley also has a rich, rich, nutty flavor. The technical term for burley tobacco is "air-cured" tobacco. Air drying is carried out in open barns, where air currents circulate freely, for a month or two. The color of Burley tobacco varies from light brown to mahogany.

In its pure form, Burley tobacco is produced mainly by American and Danish companies. Blue Edgeworth, Old English and Half-and-Half tobaccos are classic examples, the latter being lightly flavored. Burley is also the main ingredient in most McBaren Danish tobacco blends.

Another air-cured tobacco often used in various blends is Maryland tobacco.

Tobacco - Spice (Spice Tobacco)

This is not one type of tobacco, but a fairly large group of specific types of tobacco, which are usually added to mixtures in very small quantities to add piquancy to the taste. These include Oriental, Latakia, Perique and Kentucky, most of which are often used in English blends.

Oriental Tobacco (Oriental)

Oriental tobacco grows in Greece, Bulgaria, Syria, Yugoslavia, Albania, Romania and southern Russia, also partly in Italy, Lebanon, Iran, Iraq and Israel. The most famous types are Izmir, Samsun, Yedidje, Cavella and Bursa. A distinctive feature of this variety is the small oval leaves of pale yellow color with a sweet aroma and taste. (another source indicates a dusty, dry, slightly sour taste and aroma). This tobacco is also used to produce exotic cigarettes in Egypt and Arab countries.

Latakia

Named after a small Syrian port town, Latakia tobacco grows primarily in Turkey and northern Cyprus.

Latakia - This type of tobacco is obtained through a tobacco drying process that includes fire drying (the leaves are dried over fires of aromatic woods and herbs). It is one of the most famous spicy tobaccos, mainly grown in Cyprus and northern Syria. After the leaves have been removed from the tobacco plant and dried, they are hung in hermetically sealed barns and dried over a fire. Small smoldering fires of oak and pine logs fill the barn with thick, aromatic smoke, and the leaves absorb the aroma.

Latakia has a very rich, rich taste and a “smoky” aroma. Latakia is an essential ingredient in traditional English mixtures; its content can vary from a few percent to 40-50% or more. Not many smokers like to use this type of tobacco in its pure form (100% Latakia), such smoking will be harsh and harsh, and not because the tobacco is strong, but because it burns and dries out the mouth and throat.

Both Dunhill and Rattray offer a large range of Latakia tobaccos. Prominent examples: Dunhill 965, Early Morning and London Mixture from Dunhill, as well as Red Rapperee and Black Mallory from Rattray. Bengal Slices is a unique flake tobacco with a significant amount of Latakia tobacco, a very pleasant blend if you like this type of tobacco.

Perique

Like Latakia, Perique is a very specific tobacco. It grows exclusively in the area of ​​southern Louisiana near Mississippi. Produced in small quantities; less than 100,000 kg per year, and the price is high. During the growing season, the top part of the plant is trimmed, leaving about 10 leaves on each. The remaining leaves will contain more nicotine and aromatics.

Perique is processed similarly to Burley, but for a shorter time. The leaves are then pressed into large oak barrels with plum juice, spices and fruit pulp, and they undergo a fermentation process. This process lasts at least one year. The result is a blue-black aromatic tobacco with a high nicotine content.

This rare type of tobacco smolders slowly and has a very strong, rich taste. Perique cannot be smoked in its pure form; it is added to tobacco mixtures in very small quantities, no more than 5%. It is usually mixed with Virginia tobacco to give it strength and richness. “Escudo” is a good example of Virginia mixed with Perique. Elizabethan Mixture is a good example of a Virginia blend with just a hint of Perique.

Kentucky

This is actually a specially processed Burley tobacco, named after the American state of the same name. This tobacco can be found in the USA, Malawia, Tanzania, Italy, Poland and Indonesia. It, unlike Burley, is dried by fire, and the resulting peculiar “smoked” aroma is unique and very pleasant. The nicotine content is quite high, and tobacco is used in limited quantities. Dutch Drum and Samson Zware cigarette tobacco contains Kentucky. African Kentucky is sometimes used as a spice and mixed with Virginia.

Cavendish

Cavendish was originally developed by English tobacco firms. This is more a method of processing tobacco than a variety. Cavendish can be made from any type of tobacco (mainly Virginia and Burley). The English original Cavendish is made from Virginia tobacco with a small content of aromatic additives. Prominent representatives of English Cavendish are: Rattray’s Dark Fragrant and Black Virginia, as well as Maduro from McConnel.

To produce Cavendish, a mixture of different types of tobacco is usually pressed into slabs for further fermentation, then various flavorings (syrup, liqueur, etc.) are added to give the tobacco a piquant and sweet aroma. The Cavendish tiles are then cut into small cubes, which in turn are cut into thick and thin flakes. Black Cavendish is a dryer version of regular Burley tobaccos from Tennessee and Kentucky, as well as some dark air-cured tobaccos from central Virginia. Such tobaccos are often flavored with various impregnations and herbs. Modern Cavendish can come in a wide variety of flavors: cherry, vanilla, chocolate, strawberry, Irish coffee....

CUTTING METHODS

Before mixing, the tobacco leaves are crushed and moistened, then, if the tobacco is aromatic, the necessary additives are added: sugar, syrups, liqueur or rum, cocoa, fruit extracts, vanilla, etc. Repeated grinding gives the product its final form. Based on the size of the chips, pipe tobaccos are divided into thin (chips 0.4-0.6 millimeters), medium (about one millimeter), with wide chips (1.5--2.5 millimeters) and coarse (up to 3.5

millimeter). It is believed that the thinner the shavings, the higher the rate of tobacco combustion, but much depends on the smoking style and the moisture level of the tobacco. English-made tobaccos generally have higher moisture levels. In any case, tobacco should not be too wet or too dry: both prevent its long-term storage.

After grinding, “dark” tobaccos are additionally “toasted” at 200--300 degrees Celsius to improve the aroma. Some aromatic additives are introduced into the mixture only at the last stage of its preparation.

Most pipe tobacco is sold already ground to make it easier for the smoker to fill the pipe. Existing types of tobacco grinding, more or less uniform, differ in size, color, appearance.

The main types of cutting (or shavings) of tobacco are considered:

* coarse chips (shag)

In the 19th century, shag was the coarsest type of tobacco cut, but nowadays it is a fine cut of Cavendish tobaccos.

* twisted shavings

With this type of slicing, the tobacco leaf is twisted into a “twine” and then cut into thin twisted slices

* flakes

Flakes are the most commonly used type of tobacco processing. The tobacco is first pressed tightly and then cut into thin layers.

* ribbon shavings (ribbon)

Also known as long shavings. Most English bagged tobaccos are of this type, as they contain quite a lot of Virginia tobacco. This tobacco consists of fairly long ribbons and therefore burns well in the pipe.

* granulated tobacco (cube)

The main granulated tobaccos are Burley tobaccos. Due to its thickness and high moisture content, tobacco burns much worse than others.

* ready-rubbed

Compressed and then ground tobacco. Designed for the convenience of smokers - this tobacco makes it easier to fill the pipe. This is how most pipe tobaccos are sold.

Tobacco drying methods

The taste of the final product greatly depends on the drying conditions.

After initial drying, tobacco can be divided into four types, the division occurs according to subsequent processing methods.

Air drying

Such tobaccos are first aged outdoors under shelters, and then fermented in large bundles. During fermentation, a chemical reaction occurs in the leaves, resulting in a mild flavor and reduced nicotine levels.

Smoke drying

Immediately after picking, tobacco leaves are hung in closed pavilions and dried with circulating warm air. This very rapid drying process gives the leaves a yellowish tint. Flue-cured tobacco is sometimes used in pipe blends.

Sun drying

After harvesting, tobacco leaves are collected into garlands and hung in the fresh air to dry. This drying method is used mainly for oriental tobacco varieties. These hanging garlands can be seen while driving through the territory of Greece, Bulgaria, Turkey and Russia on the shores of the Black Sea.

Fire drying

This type of tobacco is dried over an open fire, and this fire and the smoke from it give the leaves a special taste. This method is most often practiced in the USA (Kentucky, Tennessee), Italy, Poland, Tanzania and Zimbabwe. This strong and pungent tobacco

After drying, “light” tobaccos are stored for ripening for a long time, then they are dried again, cooled, steamed, pressed, and the central veins of the leaves are separated. "Dark" and "oriental" tobaccos undergo fermentation after drying. There are different fermentation methods, but the essence of them all is that when the leaves are stored in massive bales, their temperature rises, and further oxidation occurs with the destruction of chlorophyll, reducing the sugar and nicotine content. To prevent the leaves from heating up too much, they are “turned over” from time to time. Many types of tobacco undergo not one fermentation, but two or even three. As a result of fermentation, the aromatic properties of tobacco and its consistency are improved - the uniformity of the composition ensures more uniform combustion. That is why tobaccos that have gone through several stages of fermentation are classified as tobacco of the highest class.

Additional information

In most cases, a mixture of several types of tobacco is smoked in a pipe. The basis of the mixture is traditionally two varieties: Virginia and Burley, individually or in combination. Additional components or seasonings are superimposed on this base in various proportions: cavendish, latakia, perique, as well as a group of varieties combined into the group of Oriental tobaccos. Each tobacco has its own unique properties, so after the mixture is ready, it must be aged so that the aromas and tastes of the tobaccos mix with each other and form a single picture. Often, for the same purposes, tobacco mixtures are pressed and subjected to additional heat treatment.

Virginia

The most common variety of tobacco, it grows almost everywhere and is used in the vast majority of tobacco mixtures. The birthplace of this variety is the USA, and today it is there, in the states of Virginia and Carolina, that the best examples grow. Virginia is dried either outdoors, in barns or under tents, or in special chambers under the influence of temperature. Dried tobacco is fermented and often aged. The longer the processing lasts, the darker, more aromatic and rich it becomes. Light Virginia is a sweet, mild variety with pronounced fruity tones and medium nicotine content.

Burley

This type of tobacco grows in the USA, Mexico and, oddly enough, in Ukraine. It is very dry and not at all sweet, giving a slow and hot smoke. In its pure form, this variety barely smells of chocolate, caramel and nuts. But the main advantage of burley is its ability to absorb a wide variety of additives. That is why, after drying and fermentation, it is usually flavored with honey, molasses or other ingredients. Like Virginia, burley is used as a base for pipe blends; often the two varieties are mixed together. Kentucky burley differs from the classic one in having wider leaves and special processing technology. It is dried over smoldering coals - this gives the tobacco a smoky and even smoked tone. It is strong and resinous, so it is used only as an additive (but not more than 20 percent in the mixture).

Cavendish

Cavendish is simply burley or virginia tobacco that has been specially processed. To be very precise, a whole family of tobaccos. When preparing Cavendish, dried tobacco leaves undergo a long fermentation, after which they are mixed with molasses. If burley is used as a base, flavorings are added. The result is a very soft tobacco with a thick, rich aroma. These properties are even more pronounced in tobacco called Black Cavendish. Dark Cavendish is produced only by Virginia leaves are fermented for a particularly long time, several times, and then pressed and aged. This gives the dark cavendish its characteristic spiciness. Cavendish is used as an additive - it is very common in mixtures in England, Scotland and Denmark.

Latakia

Latakia is the name not only of tobacco, but also of a port city in Syria. It is in Syria, as well as in Cyprus, that the bulk of Latakia is produced today. The bush of this tobacco variety is low, up to 20 cm, with small leaves. It is cut off entirely, the stem along with the leaves, and also sent entirely to dry. Latakia is dried indoors, hanging from the ceiling over smoldering coals; the best species are oak, cypress and pine. Fermentation does not last long. Tobacco acquires a specific aroma, similar to the smell of a smoldering fire, with tones of smoke, grass, and wood. The taste is very deep and rich. As a rule, no one smokes Latakia in its pure form, but a small percentage of it is included in most classic blends. The maximum share is 50% otherwise Latakia will overwhelm all other components.

Perique

Perique is perhaps the most expensive type of tobacco on the planet. It is grown near New Orleans, on the banks of the Mississippi, in Louisiana. On a plantation, some leaves are cut off from tobacco bushes. The remaining ones grow larger, with a high content of resin, nicotine and aromatic substances. Then the perique is only slightly dried so that the leaves do not lose all their juice. After this, they are placed in barrels and fermented in their own juice, like cabbage. Fermentation period: at least one year. The creator of perique, Frenchman Pierre Chenet, borrowed this technology from the Choctaw Indians. Translated from their language, the word perique means “prick.” During the time spent in the barrel, perique becomes an incredibly strong tobacco with a sharp, pepper-like taste and a bright spicy aroma. Perique is added to the mixture no more than 2-3 percent it is too vigorous.

Oriental tobaccos

This group includes several dozen varieties. All of them grow in the eastern part of the Mediterranean: Greece, Macedonia, Turkey. As a rule, they are first mixed with each other, and only then added to the tobacco mixture. Oriental tobaccos are dried in the sun, which makes them very dry. Their leaves are small, high in sugar, nicotine and aromatics. Their taste is sweet and their aroma is slightly spicy. Most often, oriental tobaccos can be found in English and Scottish blends.

Types of slicing

Once upon a time, all tobacco was sold in the same form - cut into thick pieces. Such tobacco had to be prepared based on the characteristics of their pipe and personal wishes: crushed, kneaded, and only then smoked. Today, practically nothing is required from the smoker; there are several standard types of cutting pipe tobacco.

Shag

Thinly sliced ​​tobacco across the leaves. Most often, Cavendish-based mixtures are cut this way. This tobacco is very juicy, and often goes out; fine cutting compensates for this deficiency, ensuring even burning. The shag cut makes the smoke dry and a little hot.

Ribbon / Long cut

Essentially the same as shag but the leaves are cut crosswise rather than lengthwise. As a result, the tobacco pieces turn out to be thin and long. The long cut is used for Virginias and provides a slow, smooth burn with cool smoke.

Wild Cut

All tobaccos included in the mixture are cut differently. The juiciest ones are cut into thin strips to burn better, the dry ones are cut wider to burn slowly. As a result, the mixture burns as evenly as possible, even if it contains completely different tobaccos.

Plug/Cake/Navy cut

The desired grades of tobacco leaves are mixed with molasses and flavorings in a centrifuge-like device. The leaves stuck together are sent under powerful pressure for the whole day. The pressure is such that the stack of tobacco is reduced several times from its original height. After this, pressing is repeated, but with less force, and the tobacco is sent for aging - also under a press, now quite gentle. The finished mixture is a plate. Before smoking, you need to cut and mash the tobacco yourself. When pressed, it stores well.

Ready rubbed

Shredded tobacco pressed according to all the rules. Coarse grind.

Flake

Pressed tobacco, cut into neat thin slices.

Round cut / Spun cut

Rare and expensive type of cut. Tobacco leaves are twisted together and wrapped in a wrapping leaf. The sausage is fermented and aged whole, and then cut into rounds - essentially cylindrical pieces. The circle can be crushed, or you can throw it whole, flat on the bottom of the pipe; smoking will be no worse from this.

Cube/Chop Cut/Cross cut

Diced compressed tobacco. Very small cubes are called Cross cut. This type of tobacco lasts longer, but smokes worse

There are a huge variety of tobacco varieties, but not all of them are suitable for growing in our climatic conditions. In this article we will describe the main varieties of pipe tobacco, cigarettes and cigars.

Description of tobacco varieties for pipes and cigarettes

Virginia Gold- the leader among tobacco varieties, but fermentation is required. This variety is not picky about the soil and has an excellent taste, but black soil is not recommended. Virginia Gold is suitable for both cigarettes and pipes, as mono tobacco and with the addition of other varieties. The variety is productive, reaches a height of 1.8 meters, nicotine 2.5%, but requires fermentation or aging for at least 1 year.

Ternopil tobacco variety is an alternative to Virginia Gold, but it is more adapted to our harsh climatic conditions. This variety prefers chernozem or fertile soils. The plant grows up to 2 meters in height, and the leaf is 55 cm long. The variety is productive, nicotine 1.3%, requires artificial fermentation or aging for at least 1 year.

Kentucky Burley is the most delicious and versatile variety, suitable for cigarettes, pipes, and cigars. Skilled hands can prepare tobacco of any strength from this variety, and even 0.1% nicotine. The taste of tobacco is amazing. The plant reaches a height of 1.5 meters; fermentation is not necessary; it can be used after drying the leaves.

Izmir- oriental, grows up to 140 cm in height and is suitable for use in pipes and cigarettes as mono tobacco or in combination with other varieties. Contains a low percentage of nicotine, but a high percentage of tar, which is why it is better to combine it with other types of tobacco.

Xanthi- oriental, reaching 1.5 meters in height, with a low nicotine content. Suitable for use in pipes and cigarettes, both as mono tobacco and in a mixture with other varieties. Fermentation is not allowed.

Turkish variety grows up to 3 meters in height, is characterized by high productivity and endurance to unfavorable climatic conditions. The nicotine content is low, so fermentation is not necessary.

American 572 is a premium semi-aromatic tobacco variety bred in Crimea. Suitable for cigarettes, pipes and cigars, has high productivity. Since the variety is semi-oriental, it does not require fermentation, but aging for more than 1 year is recommended.

The most suitable varieties for cultivation in Russia are Virginia Gold, Xanthi, Ternopilsky and Kentucky Burley. Using bags of these varieties, you can get tobacco of any strength, aromatic, to suit your preferences. As for fermentation, this can be done using a radiator and central heating right at home by cutting, moistening and tightly packing the tobacco in a plastic bag. Shake the tobacco once a day to prevent mold from appearing.

Descriptions of tobacco varieties for cigars

Havana 142 is the hardiest variety recommended for cultivation in Siberia or the Urals.

Brave 200 is a very aromatic variety, hardy, 3 meters high. Used as a binder in cigars.

Havanaz992 is an excellent cigar variety with high yield and below average strength. The plant reaches a height of 1.5 meters.

Havana from Canada is an aromatic variety suitable for filling and binder sheets, however if grown in the shade it makes an excellent wrapping sheet. The variety is resistant to various climate conditions.

VMS-24 is a hardy and aromatic cigar tobacco variety. It leaches poorly, which is typical for cigar varieties.

Havana 2000 was developed in 2000 to enhance the immunity of tobacco against fungal diseases. The original variety, Corojo, is used for wrapping cigars. Havana 2000 is suitable as a filler, binder leaf, and if grown in the shade, also as a cover leaf.

Havana Gold is an unpretentious cigar variety, reaching a height of 1.8 meters, with large leaves. Fermentation and aging impart the flavor of Cuban cigars, suitable for cigar binders and fillers.

Vuelto Abajo is a real Cuban tobacco. This grade is enough to make a complete cigar. The variety is very hardy.

ConnecticutShadeLeaf is an aromatic variety grown in the shade and, in Cuba, under gauze. The variety is suitable for cover sheets, binder sheets, and filling. This variety serves as a cover in cigars from Davidoff, Dunhill, Macanudo and many others.

Pennsylvania Red is a variety with a deep and rich aroma. Serves as a filling and binding sheet for cigars, but with a special fermentation method it can also serve as a wrapping sheet. After fermentation, the leaves turn red-brown in color. The plant grows up to 1.5 meters.

Criollo 98- a Cuban variety that, after fermentation, has a pleasant and pronounced aroma of Cuban cigars. Serves as a filling and binding sheet.

ZimmerSpanish is an aromatic variety with grape notes in its taste. Suitable for filling cigars. The plant grows up to 120 cm in height. The variety is strong, dark, does not yellow well and requires slow drying for a month in the shade.

Connecticut Broadleaf- an early variety that ripens in 50 days. Used as a cover leaf, although grown in the sun, it has a bright aroma after fermentation.

The variety comes from Transcarpathia. Light cigarette-pipe medium aromatic late air-dried variety. The bush is ellipsoidal. The height of the bush is up to 1.5 m. The number of technical leaves is 22. The average leaf size is 40x24 cm* The leaf is green, vulture-like, slightly raised with an arched plate. The leaves of the middle tier are oval-elongated with a finely tuberous surface. The edges are smooth. The ripening period of the upper tier is 115 days.Harvesting time is the beginning of leaf color change. Requires fermentation.

Tasting score 39.2 points, Schmuck number 0.12-0.16, nicotine content 1.5-2.0%

Virginia 27

The variety comes from Transcarpathia. (Bred from Pridnestrovsky 5 + Kaloi, Yubileiny 8 + Virginia 5) Late variety of air-shade drying. The bush is cone-shaped. Bush height up to 2.6 m. Moisture-loving. The number of technical leaves is 25-28. The leaf is lanceolate with a narrow neck, strongly pointed. When ripearched,green in color with a yellowish tint when ripe, heavily pubescent and with a swollen surface near the central fluid. The average sheet size is 52x37 cm*. The raw material is brown. Not strong, weakly aromatic. Resistant to most diseases. Since 1999, it has been the standard Virginia variety for Ukraine. Nicotine content 1.4%.

Virginia 182

Light cigarette variety. Refers to the mid-late air-dried varieties. A cylindrical bush 1.5-1.7 m high with pink flowers. Technical leaves – 20-22. The leaf is oval, dark green with a wavy edge and a swollen surface. The size of the middle tier sheet is 38x15 cm. WITH nicotine content 1.5-2.5%

Virginia 202

A common type of tobacco intended for smoking in any way, with a low tar content and a high carbohydrate content. Cultivated everywhere, the basis of the vast majority of pipe mixtures, one of the few varieties of tobacco that is also consumed in its pure form. The growing season is 133 days. The plant is oval-shaped, with raised large oval-elongated leaves of light green color. There are an average of 24 leaves per plant. The yield of raw materials of the first commercial grade is 97%. Average yield 1.5 kg/m2.

Virginia Gold (Germany)

Cigarette-pipe variety. Virginia Gold variety from Germany.A mid-late variety that is air-shaded or heat-dried. The bush is conical, up to 1.7 m high, the trunk is yellow-lemon in color, the number of technical leaves is 19. When ripening, the leaf uniformly turns yellow and at the same time the central vein turns white.. The sheet size in the middle tier is 40x23 cm. The nicotine content is average. The leaf is fermented.

Virginia Gold (USA)

Virginia Gold variety from the USA.Mid-late air-dried variety. The bush is conical, up to 1.7 m high, the number of technical leaves is 17. The leaf is sessile vulture-shaped. As the leaf matures, it changes color and at the same time the central vein becomes lighter.. The sheet size in the middle tier is 46x22 cm. The nicotine content is average. The leaf is fermented.

Virginia Gold (England)

The variety is identified as a variety of Virginia Gold from England, although its belonging to Virginia is questionable. In terms of characteristics, it is closer to the Burley variety.A mid-late variety air- or heat-dried. Bush up to 1.4 m high, number of technical leaves -18. The average sheet size is 36x25 cm. The strength is medium.

Virginia Dark

Mid-late air-dried variety. The bush is from 1.5 to 2.0 meters high, conical, the trunk is quite thick, the leaves are dark, green, with a small vulture, sessile. The sheet size in the middle tier is 43x28cm.The leaf begins to ripen 2-3 weeks after flowering, the signs of maturity are not very pronounced, the leaf droops slightly and lighter spots with a slight yellowness appear. Requires fermentation and aging. Nicotine content 1-3%

Virginia Brightleaf (USA)

Cone-shaped bush up to 1.8 m high with pink flowers. The leaf is vulture-like, sessile, pointed.Technical sheets 16-18. Sheet size 45x26 cm.Nicotine content 1-3%

The variety is fermented.

Virginia Brightleaf (Zema)

An excellent, highly productive variety of dark-leaved Virginia. Cone-shaped bush up to 1.8 m high with pink flowers. Technical sheets 16-18. The leaf is broadly oval, dark green with a wavy edge and a smooth surface. Middle tier sheet size 52x26 cm. Nicotine content 1-3%When ripe, the leaf becomes slightly lighter or exhibits yellow camouflage. The variety is fermented.

Virginia Helena

A medium-late, air-shade or heat-cured Virginia variety with very low nicotine content and aromatic smoke. The height of the bush is 1.8 m. The leaf is sessile, vulture-like. The average sheet size is 52x30 cm.

Virginia Original

Mid-late Virginia variety. Productive, disease resistant. The height of the bush is 1.8-2.0 m. The leaf is oval, pointed, up to 60 cm in size. When ripe, the bush turns yellow.

Virginia GL Seeds

The variety has an external resemblance toVirginia Gold (Germany)

The trunk is lemon-colored, the leaves are light green with strong yellowing when ripe. The shape of the leaf is different - more elongated with a small neck and a bumpy surface. The size of the leaf of the middle tier is 50x23cm, the number on the bush is 24-27. The variety is resistant to diseases, medium late.

Goose Creek Red

The variety belongs to the air-dried dark Virginias. Cone-shaped bush up to 1.7 m high with pink flowers. Technical sheets 18-20. The leaf is narrow, green with a wavy edge and a swollen surface. The raw material is reddish-brown in color with a silky surface and a cigarette aroma. Can be used as a cigar wrapper. The ripening period is 65 days.

Silk Leaf

One of the oldest traditional pipe-cigarette varieties. Belongs to the Virginia class. Bush up to 1.7 m high. Leaf size 70x38 cm. Early, ripening period 45-50 days.

Burley 9

The burley variety comes from Transcarpathia. High-yielding mid-season air-dried variety. The height of the bush is up to 2 m. The leaf is light green, the average size is 50x30 cm. It is very drought-resistant. Nicotine content -1.6% Preferable drying in the shade. Fermentation is required.

Burley 9/10

Transcarpathian variety. High-yielding mid-season air-dried variety, average leaf size 50x25 cm. Bush height 1.7 m. Very drought and disease resistant. When ripe, the leaf turns yellow.

Burley 38

This wonderful representative of burley comes from Ternopil. Mid-late air-dried variety. The bush is elliptical, 150-170 cm high. The number of technical leaves is 24-28. The leaf is light green, average size 60x40 cm. The raw material is light brown. Nicotine content 1.2-1.4%. The variety belongs to the standard type of burley for growing in Ukraine.

Burley Dark Strong

Burley variety has a widely recognizable taste and aroma. Quite strong and dark. The taste is reminiscent of cigar. Purpose - classic mixtures with Virginia. Drying in the shade.

Green Brior

Traditional mid-late variety of light air-cured tobacco. Belongs to the Burley family, native to North Carolina. The bush reaches a height of 180 cm. Medium Leaf size: 50cm x 28cm. High yield, disease resistant. Ripening occurs in 60-70 days. Used in cigars and cigarettes.

Badisher Burley

Mid-season air-dried variety. The bush is cone-shaped, 1-1.6 m high. The leaf is light green, the average size is 50x25 cm. When ripe, the leaf turns yellow. Resistant to diseases. Ripening time is 50-60 days.

Golden Seal Special Burley

One of the best representatives of cigarette light burley. The bush is large, 1.8 m high. mid-season. The leaf turns yellow when ripe.

Kentucky

Dark cigarette and pipe tobacco. It has a strong aroma. Used in mixtures in small quantities. The bush is cone-shaped, dark green, leaf size is 55x35 cm. In the case of fire drying with hardwood, it gives a nutty taste. It has no natural sugar at all and therefore accepts flavorings well.

Kentucky KY-15

The variety is native to Kentucky. Cigarette-pipe medium-late air-dried variety. Belongs to the white high-yielding varieties of Kentucky Burley. The bush is cylindrical and practically does not produce stepsons with a height of 1.7 m. The average sheet size is 45x28 cm. Resistant to most tobacco diseases. The ripening period is 60-65 days. Cold resistant. The raw material is light orange in color. Shade drying.

Tennessee TN-90

The name suggests the origin of this variety: America, Tennessee. An excellent high-yielding Burley variety with high-quality leaves, low sugar content (no more than 0.8%) and medium nicotine content.Medium height, mid-late. Loves sandy loam or light loamy soils; moderate watering is recommended. Very resistant to unfavorable soil and climatic conditions.Resistant to diseases. Sheet size 52x36cm. Technical sheets 20-22. After drying, the leaf turns light brown with a pleasant aroma.

Monte calme

The largest-leaved Burley variety. E European version of American Burley, bred in Switzerland. The main difference from American varieties is early ripening. Burley, with all its undoubted advantages, is known to be a late-ripening variety. Swiss breeders tried to correct this shortcoming and Monte Calme ripens two weeks earlier than its American counterpart.Cone-shaped bush up to 1.8 m high. Technical leaves 12-14. Leaf 80x32 cm* dark green with light stem. The ripening period is 70 days.

Spectrum

Variety from Transcarpathia. (Kurti x Large-leaved 38 x Yellow-leaved 36). ABOUT has a number of advantages over other tobacco varieties - this includes yield under different weather conditions, up to 26 c/ha, disease resistance, and drought resistance. The yield of first grade tobacco raw materials is at least 65%. The number of technically suitable leaves is up to 25-28 pcs. Drying is mainly done in the shade. Bush up to 186 cm high. The size of the middle tier leaf is 53x32 cm. The leaf is light green with whitening when ripe.

Brave 200

(Burley giant x Sobolchsky 33). Transcarpathia. A mid-season, shade-dried skeletal variety with the aroma of medium-strength cigarettes. Bush up to 195 cm high. Large-leaved, cigar type. The number of technical leaves is 25. The leaf does not change color when ripening. Resistant to diseases. The amount of nicotine is 4%.

Rot Front Corso

Cigarette-pipe dark shadow-cured tobacco. Highly resistant to extreme weather conditions. Resistant to diseases and adverse environmental factors. The ripening period is about 60 days. Leaf dark, large

Silver River

The variety comes from Brazil. Cone-shaped bush up to 2 m high with pink flowers. The leaf is narrow, oval, green. The leaf size is 65x26 cm. When ripe, the leaf acquires a lemon-yellow color and becomes sticky. On some soils it gives a subtle mint or menthol taste. Late ripening variety. Shade drying.

Sherazi

Solar-cured tube-cigarette variety. The homeland of the variety is Iran. The leaf is relatively small. Elliptical bush about 1.4 m high. Technical leaves 14-16. The leaf is oval, light green. The size of the middle tier sheet is 28x16 cm. Highly aromatic. Ripening period is 60 days. Nicotine content is high.

Orinoco-17

One of the varieties of Orinoco. The ancestor of the variety was tobacco, which was grown by the Indians on the banks of the river of the same name. ideally gives the aroma of prunes and vanilla. Drying in the shade, fermentation. Mainly used as a pipe.

Broadleaf

Light sweet tobacco with wide leaves from Virginia. Early ripening. The bush is not tall, but wide. The compactness of the bush and the close time of ripening of the leaves allows the use of layering, that is, cutting the stem in half to the root. The bush is left in this form for a week, during which the leaves begin to yellow, speeding up the processing process. The grade is considered a cigarette grade, but can be used for pipes and cigars.

Walkers Broad Leaf

USA. Light-leaved air-heat drying. The bush is oval, about 1.2 m high. The leaf is vulture, the leaf blade is oval, green. The flower is pink. The size of the middle tier sheet is 47x33 cm. The number of technical leaves is 16-18. The variety is not resistant to diseases. Maturation period – 60-65 days. Traditionally, Walkers Broad Leaf is considered a cigarette variety, but its large, wide leaves are also suitable for making all cigar components. This variety was not ignored by American breeders. In the seventies of the last century, three mass commercial varieties were bred on its basis - Virginia 310, 312 and 331.

Ternopilsky 14

An excellent high-yielding variety bred by the Ternopil tobacco growing station. Mid-season air-dried variety. The bush is cylindrical. Bush height 180-220 cm. Number of technical leaves 24-25. Sheet size 55x35 cm, color light green. The variety is complexly resistant to diseases. You can remove leaves in just three steps without losing leaf quality. The leaf is yellowed directly on the bush and therefore this variety is ideal for beginner tobacco growers. Nicotine content up to 1.5 %

Zheltolistny 36

Transcarpathia. Brought out by intervarietal crossings of the varieties Sobolchsky 33, American 311, Sobolchsky 46. Early ripening. The plants are cylindrical in shape, 170-180 centimeters high. Number of leaves 22-23. The leaf is oval-round in shape and ripens quickly in tiers. Sheet size 50x26 cm. Raw materials are light yellow, light brown. After drying, the leaves are obtained with a pleasant, mild aroma, raw materials of the skeletal type, used for bags with orientals. The variety is resistant to diseases. Nicotine content is about 1.2% Shadow drying.

Holly 6

Transcarpathia. A promising mid-season shade-dried cigar-cigarette variety with high disease resistance and stable productivity under critical environmental and technological conditions. Sheet size 55x28cm. Nicotine content – ​​up to 1.8%. The raw material is light brown in color, very elastic

Character 4

Transcarpathian early-ripening shade-dried skeletal variety.(Sobolchsky 193 x Yubileiny 8 x Virginia of America).Bush 180 cm high with many leaves. The number of technical leaves is 26-28. The leaf is oval-round, light green. The size of the middle tier sheet is 50x26 cm. The raw materials are yellow-brown in color. Collection of leaves must be carried out when the leaf turns completely yellow with the appearance of light spots, which is typical for the variety. Resistant to diseases and degeneration of leaves on the stem.

Trapezond 92

Mid-season, low-nicotine variety of skeletal type with intensive leaf ripening. The plant is cylindrical with raised leaves. The height of the bush is about 1.3 m. The number of leaves on the plant is 30-35. The leaf is petiolate, the leaf blade is oval, the color of the leaf is light green. The pommel is slightly pointed. Weak swelling of the leaf and waviness of the edge. Nicotine content about 1%

Sobolchsky 17

A conical bush about 1.8 m high. The leaf is green with pronounced yellowing when ripe. The edges of the sheet are smooth. The vein is of medium thickness. Sheet size 42x28 cm. Nicotine content 1.5%. Drying in the shade, fermentation.

Sobolchsky 33

Domestic variety from Transcarpathia. Mid-season shadow-dried skeletal cigarette variety. The bush is cone-shaped, 165-170 cm high. The number of technical leaves is 22-25. The size of the leaf of the middle tier is 50x29 cm. The leaf is sessile, raised, cap-shaped, curved, with a moderately swollen surface when ripe. The leaf color is green with yellowish tint when ripe. Nicotine content 1.8%. Technical sheets 22-25

Galician original

Variety of Ternopil selection. (Transnistrian 5 + Temp). Mid-season aromatic-skeletal large-leaved, tall (up to 220-260cm) variety with a growing season of 90 days. The bush is cylindrical. The leaf is sessile, broadly oval, light green. Number of technical leaves 27-29. It is characterized by approximately equal ripening of leaves across tiers. Resistant to unfavorable climatic conditions, has complex resistance to diseases. Raw materials are red. Can be used as a cigar wrapper. Nicotine content 1.3%.

Moldavian 456

Medium late skeletal medium aromatic cigarette variety. Bush height 140-170 cm. Number of technical leaves 30-40. Leaf size is 45-50x22 cm. The period from planting to full flowering is 89-94 days, until the last leaves ripen 110-120 days. It is recommended to harvest leaves in five stages when signs of technical maturity occur. The quality of raw materials depends on the composition of the soil on which the variety is cultivated. After fermentation, the leaf retains its color, does not darken, and under proper storage conditions does not become moldy. Raw materials from yellow-orange to orange-red. It is highly resistant to the first race of downy mildew, bronzing of tomatoes, cucumber mosaic and black root rot. The nicotine content is 1.6-3.0%, carbohydrates - 3.5-4.0%, proteins - 6.0-8.5%.

Duchy Flor

One of the most popular varieties of tobacco, famous for its high-performance, taste and aroma qualities. The plant is unpretentious, up to 1.5 m high. The leaves are large. The growing season is 115-130 days. Harvesting is carried out when a light yellow border appears on the leaves. ABOUTThe peculiarity of the variety is that it does not tolerate accelerated and artificial fermentation and fully displays all its qualities only after at least six months of aging.

Anniversary new 142

An air-dried skeletal variety with a high protein content. An ellipsoidal plant with protruding leaves. Bush height 165-180 cm. All leaves are light green to yellow-green in color when ripe.The number of technical leaves is 25-27.The variety is characterized by close ripening periods of leaves of several tiers, which reduces the number of breaks. The number of days from planting to the ripening of the leaves of the last tier is 122-158. Requires fermentation.

Turkish

Domestic cigarette and pipe tobacco with a pleasant aroma and medium strength. The height of the bush is 1.6 m. Sheet size 35x22cm. Technical sheets 14-16.

American 572

Crimean selection variety. Skeletal-aromatic mid-season air-dried variety. This variety has high yield, increased drought resistance and resistance to scorching. It has a light green leaf color, a cylindrical plant shape with a height of 170-180 cm.

Oriental

Domestic aromatic variety, a relative of basm. characterized by low nicotine content and a strong cedar aroma. The sugar content is higher than average, which causes a sweet and sour taste. The height of the bush is 1.2 m, the number of leaves is 12-14. Solar drying, aging.

Dyubek foothills

A variety of Crimean selection created by crossing Dyubek new and Dyubek 33. A mid-late ripening, highly aromatic variety. The bush is cone-shaped. The height of the bush is about 160 cm. The leaf is green, elliptical, sessile, roof-shaped with a pointed tip and a finely swollen surface. The plant is cone-shaped. The number of technical leaves is 32. The raw material is lemon-yellow in color. Drought-resistant, resistant to scorching. The recommended planting pattern is 70x17 cm or 50x10 cm.

Bursa

Oriental aromatic tobacco variety. Cone-shaped bush up to 1.8 m high with pink flowers. There are 30 technical leaves. The leaf is petiolate, wide-oval, green. The size of the middle tier sheet is 22x15 cm. Maturing period is 65-70 days.. Sun drying, curing

Smyrna

Small-leaved Turkish variety. Ellipse-shaped bush, about 1.5 m high. There are 32 technical leaves. The leaf is wide-oval, green. The size of the middle tier sheet is 18x12 cm. The ripening period is 55-60 days. The main raw material for the production of Latakia seasoning tobacco. Solar drying, curing

Izmir

Turkish aromatic variety. A variety of basm. Medium-leaved, early-ripening variety. Very sweet with low nicotine content. Bush 1.8 m high. Number of leaves 18-20. The raw materials are particularly soft with an original aroma.

Ege

Turkish variety, variety of Izmir. An aromatic mid-late ripening variety. Cone-shaped bush 1.2 m high with pink flowers. Technical sheets 16-18. The leaf is sessile, oval, green. The ripening period is 50-55 days. Nicotine content is about 1%. The size of the middle tier sheet is 28x16 cm.

Xanthy

One of the best varieties of Greek tobacco. According to some sources, it is considered the queen of tobacco. Refers to the Basma. Elliptical bush up to 1.5 m high. Technical leaves 18-20. The leaf is sessile, oval, dark green. The size of the middle tier sheet is 40x24 cm. The ripening period is 50 days. When ripening, the leaf changes color slightly with a slight yellowness in the veins. Nicotine content is low. The raw material has a strong pleasant aroma. Requires gestation.

Canik

Turkish tobacco, a type of Samsun. Small-leaved, mid-season. The bush is cone-shaped, about 1.2 m high. There are 20 technical leaves. The leaf is semi-petiolate, oval, green. The size of the middle tier sheet is 18x10 cm. The ripening period is 50-55 days. The raw material is light reddish-golden in color. Sweetish, has a specific spicy aroma. Nicotine content 1.25-1.4%. Can be used in cigar fillers to add sweetness and soften the harshness of the filler.

Prilep P66-9/7

Oriental tobacco from Macedonia. The bush is cylindrical, about 1.3 m high, with densely planted small leaves. The leaf is light green with a wavy edge, strongly corrugated. The number of technical leaves is up to 50-55 pieces. Grows well in a variety of conditions and can be planted much closer together than most tobaccos. The variety is medium-late, ripening period is 70-75 days. The lower leaves begin to ripen about 2 weeks before flowering. Raw materials from yellow-orange to light orange. The amount of nicotine can vary from 1% to 2.3% and soluble sugars from 18.5% to 29%

Bitlis

Turkish variety. Medium-leaved, early-ripening variety. The bush is short - up to 50 cm - with pink flowers. Technical leaves – 12-14. Leafy, dark green with a wavy edge and swollen surface. Tends to bend the edge of the sheet inward. The average leaf size is 27x14 cm. Very sweet (up to 25% sugar) with a peculiar aroma.

Harmanli

Bulgarian variety of oriental tobacco. Elliptical bush up to 2.2m high with pink flowers. There are 28 technical leaves. The leaf is sessile, oval, light green. The size of the middle tier sheet is 28x13 cm. The ripening period is about 70 days. Resistant to tobacco mosaic virus. The raw material is orange to orange-red and red in color, with good elasticity and combustibility. When smoking it has a characteristic delicate aroma. Nicotine content - 1.5 to 1.75%. Drying in the sun, aging.

Bulgarian Red

Highly aromatic Bulgarian variety. The raw material is red-brown in color with a pronounced aroma. The height of the bush is 1.2-1.4 m. Sheet size 28x15cm. Requires gestation.

Adonis

A variety of dark, shadow-cured tobacco with a very low nicotine content and spicy taste, originally from Germany. Characterized by particularly good yield and good leaf quality. Very resistant to adverse environmental factors. Sheet size 43x28 ​​cm.

Japan 8

Dark air-cured tobacco with low nicotine content and a large amount of sugars. Bush with long narrow leaves. Bush height up to 1.6 m. Technical leaves 26. Sun-air drying. The ripening period is about 65 days. The raw material is dark brown. Suitable for pipe mixtures and hookah. Requires gestation. Resistant to diseases.

Samsung

Turkish classic variety with an average nicotine content (up to 2.1%) and high smoking properties (in terms of strength, aroma, taste and sweetness - 38.4 points). The plant quickly produces a large number of large green leaves of high quality. The variety is resistant to root rot, downy mildew and scorch.Tobacco is rich in essential oils, has a delicate and subtle sweetish aroma, and slow burning.Recommended for cigarettes and smoking pipes. Requires gestation.

Basma Jebel

Bulgarian variety of basma. Raw materials from light yellow to
golden orange color with soft and elastic fabric, rich
resins. Technical sheets 28-30. Nicotine content is about 1%. Carbohydrate content is about 9-13% Aging for 2-8 months.
Recommended planting pattern 70x30 cm

Bosikappal

A variety of primitive traditional tobacco from India. A cone-shaped bush 0.8-0.9 m high with light red flowers. The number of technical leaves is 18. The leaf is narrow, oval, dark green. The size of the middle tier sheet is 32x18 cm*. Requires plenty of moisture. The ripening period is 60 days. It has a strong aroma that can be described as woody or savory. Nicotine content 2.5%. Disease resistance is weak.

Mutki

Turkish tobacco of the basm variety. Medium-leaved, early-ripening variety. The bush is not large, about 1 m high with light pink flowers. Technical sheets 14-16. The leaf is oval, light green. The size of the middle tier sheet is 26x14 cm. The ripening period is 55 days. Can be dried in the sun or in the shade. Requires gestation.

Big Gem

The variety was bred in Maryland, USA. WITHcigarette variety of light air-cured tobacco. The bush is cylindrical, about two meters high. The leaf is broadly oval, green. Sheet size 45x26 cm*. Ripening time is 55-60 days. The raw material is light brown. Fermentation or aging is necessary.

NC-82

Bred in North Carolina, USA. Light air dried variety. Bush up to 2 m high. Highly resistant to blackleg, bacterial wilt, Fusarium wilt and black root rot. Blooms very early. The average sheet size is 50x30*. Fermentation or long-term aging is desirable.

Fragrant

The medium-ripening variety was created in 1987 by the Ukrainian Academy of Agrarian Sciences, using the method of interspecific and intraspecific hybridization with the participation of varieties: Harmanli 11 + Nicotiana Silvestris + American 572. It is grown for blending and skeletal tobacco raw materials for the production of cigars and cigarettes. WITHThe ort is light, has high-quality aromatic raw materials and improved smoking properties. Productivity is high. Varietydrought-resistant, and also resistant to leaf burning.