| Task 19.1. 1. Pogodin locked the door (1) and (2) when he felt (3) that he was left alone (4) he felt scared. 2. The young people soon came to the point of thinking (1) that they definitely needed to get married (2) but (3) since Marya Gavrilovna’s parents forbade their daughter to think about a wedding with Vladimir (4) they would have to do this without parental blessing. 3. The sea roared more and more majesticly (1) and (2) although the damp wind knocked us down on the cliff (3) we began to go down (4) to look at the sparkling foam of the surf. 4. Pasha was embarrassed to tell the truth (1) and (2) when she was called (3) she had not yet figured out (4) how to talk about the incident. 5. Think more often about others (1) and (2) even if it’s not easy for you now (3) don’t forget that (4) someone may need your participation. | Task 19.2. 1. It seems to me (1) that you can recognize a person by laughter (2) and (3) if from the first meeting you enjoy the laughter of someone from complete strangers (4) then feel free to say (5) that this is a good person. 2. A small incident happened to Matvey (1) which he remembered all his life (2) and (3) although he could not consider himself guilty (4) his conscience was uneasy. 3. The young journalist carefully looked at the inhabitants of the northern village (1) and (2) if he noticed something interesting (3) he wrote down his observations (4) to then use them in articles and essays. 4. We often repeat (1) that it is necessary to judge a person (2) first of all by his deeds (3) and I agree with this. 5. There are always people next to you (1) and (2) even if you are very lonely (3) you don’t doubt that (4) someone will be able to listen. |
| Task 19.3. 1. She saw (1) that courage and proud pride belong not only to one class (2) and from then on (3) she began to refuse the young teacher respect (4) which hour by hour became more noticeable to those around her. 2. Material sources (1) and (2) are important for archeology, even if they are hidden in the ground (3) they still constitute the main category of monuments (4) which this science studies. 3. It’s never boring in the forest (1) and (2) if you get sad (3) take a closer look at the most ordinary birch tree (4) that you meet on your way. 4. I really love spring (1) and (2) when young greenery appears (3) I rush to the forest (4) to enjoy the first rebirth of nature. 5. The horses were very tired (1) and (2) when the packs were removed from them (3) they lay down on the cold ground (4) which had already been covered with light snow. | Task 19. 4. 1. Rain lashes the glass windows (1) and (2) when the glassy twilight of the street is illuminated by flashes of lightning (3) the flowers on the windowsills become like fantastic trees (4) that grow in a fairyland. 2. Such fatigue set in (1) that (2) even if there were no orders (3) to rest (4) people would not be able to take a single step further. 3. In the spring of that year I graduated from the Lyceum (1) and (2) when I arrived from Moscow (3) I was simply amazed (4) how our gloomy house had changed. 4. Elena was so daydreaming (1) that (2) when she heard the doorbell (3) she did not immediately understand (4) what was happening. 5. The snow covered the tracks of the travelers (1) and it became clear (2) that (3) if the snowfall did not stop by night (4) then it would be difficult to find the way back. |
| Task 19.5. 1. And the old woman kept talking and talking about her happiness (1) and (2) although her words were familiar (3) the grandson’s heart suddenly ached sweetly from them (4) as if everything he heard was happening to him. 2. In the evening it started to rain (1) and (2) while we were driving along the country road (3) the horses could barely walk (4) as if they had lost their last strength. 3. The bison interested me very much (1) and (2) when we were not allowed into the nursery (3) I was annoyed (4) that I was not able to see them closer. 4. The hostess realized (1) that (2) if now the guests find themselves in the hall again (3) they will no longer see the distant alley in the rays of the setting sun (4) and she suggested taking a walk in the garden. 5. Snow covered the tanks (1) and (2) when the tankers climbed onto the towers to breathe (3) it instantly covered their hot faces (4) as if trying to cool them down. | Task 19. 6. 1. According to the calendar, we arrived in Boldino at the same time as the poet (1) and (2) if we take into account the difference between the new and old style (3) then ten days earlier (4) when the color green still reigned everywhere in nature. 2. In his parents’ house everything was as before (1) and (2) if Volodya seemed to have the home space as if it had narrowed (3) it was only because (4) that during the years of absence he had matured and grown a lot. 3. The summer night was already blue over the Volga (1) and (2) when we found ourselves on the shore (3) we saw (4) the lights on the masts of passing ships flickering in the distance. 4. When the artist lived in Crimea (1) he devoted all his time to contemplating pictures of nature (2) and (3) if the weather was favorable for walks (4) he spent hours studying on the seashore the pattern of waves endlessly running one after another. 5. Everyone loved me (1) although I was incredibly naughty (3) everything was forgiven to me (4) no matter what I did. |
Task 19. 7. Place punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers that should be replaced by commas.
1. The forest woke up (1) and (2) although in the thicket it was still damp and gloomy (3) but the birds were already starting to sing (4) and a little later the first butterflies appeared in the clearing.
2. We arrived at the pier too early (1) and (2) to pass the time before the ship departed (3) we went to the nearest cafe (4) where we could quietly drink a cup of coffee and discuss plans for the next few days.
3. It becomes somehow calmer in your soul (1) when, after many years, you again find yourself in a corner of nature familiar from childhood (2) and (3) no matter how unaccustomed you are to the silence and slow passage of time (4) you listen with pleasure to the rustling of old linden trees.
4. Sobakevich finished the whole sturgeon in a little over a quarter of an hour (1) so that (2) when the police chief remembered him (3) he saw (4) that only the tail remained from the product of nature.
5. Only in the steppe do you begin to understand (1) how much joy even the smallest river can give a person (2) and every sip of water here is especially valued.
№3. Task 19. 8. Place punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers that should be replaced by commas.
1. I sat down under a larch tree (1) to rest (2) and (3) while my friends were preparing dinner (4) I fell into a sweet slumber.
2. The sea roared more and more majesticly (1) and (2) although the wet wind knocked us down on the cliff (3) we began to go down (4) to look at the sparkling foam of the surf.
3. After all the sights of the city were examined (1) it was decided to devote the rest of the evening to tasting national cuisine (2) and (3) when we came across a small French restaurant (4) the friends, without hesitation, agreed to the waiter’s invitation and sat down at a table on shady veranda.
4. There was a persistent knock on the door (1) and (2) if not for the strict prohibition of his parents (3), then Dimka probably would not have resisted the temptation to check (4) who was behind the door.
5. Yegor had no ear for music (1) and (2) no matter how much the teachers taught him (3) he never learned to sing (4) but in football he had no equal in the yard.
Task 19.9. Place punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers that should be replaced by commas.
1. Some new ideas came to my mind (1) and (2) if you come (3) I will be happy to tell you about (4) what worries me now.
2. It was hot (1) and (2) if suddenly a breeze came (3) and brought with it coolness (4) the trees nodded their branches gratefully.
3. You feel somehow calm in your soul (1) when, after many years, you again find yourself in a corner of nature familiar from childhood (2) and (3) no matter how unaccustomed you are to silence and the slow passage of time (4) you listen with pleasure to the rustling of old linden trees .
4. From Kuznetsky Most I stopped at a confectionery shop on Tverskaya (1) and (2) although I wanted to pretend (3) that I was mainly interested in newspapers in the confectionery shop (4) I could not resist a few sweet pies.
5. At a meeting of the gardening association they talked about (1) that (2) if the electric poles are not replaced (3) then in winter the village may be left without light (4) and the old supports may collapse under the weight of snow.
Task 19.10. Place punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers that should be replaced by commas.
1. Soul A.P. Chekhov always suffered from boredom and idleness of life (1) and (2) when the writer received enormous fame and devoted love for him of everything (3) that was smart and honest in Russian society (4) he did not withdraw into the unattainability of cold greatness.
2. The dog hesitated for a minute (1) but (2) when the boy extended his hand and called her (3) she waved her tail invitingly (4) and cautiously came closer.
3. As soon as we laid out our things in the rooms (1) we all immediately decided to explore the city (2) but (3) since the excursion buses departed only in two hours (4) we decided to walk.
4. Occasionally, a small snowflake stuck to the outside of the glass (1) and (2) if you look closely (3) you could see its finest crystalline structure (4) and be amazed at this miracle of nature.
5. At home, my guest immediately began to complain to me (1) that (2) while he was driving to me (3) he got lost in the forest (4) and was forced to spend the night in the forester’s lodge.
Task 11/19. Place punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers that should be replaced by commas.
1. If Irina got comfortable in Ferapontovo and managed to fall in love with it (1) then Victor came here for the first time (2) and (3) although he knew a lot from the stories (4) he was amazed at everything (5) he saw.
2. They started talking about the health of the countess and mutual acquaintances (1) and (2) when those ten minutes required by decency had passed (3) after which the guest can get up (4) Nikolai stood up and began to say goodbye.
3. Autumn was ending (1) and (2) although during the day humid warmth still reigned above the ground (3) at night the puddles were already covered with a crust of ice (4) and in the morning the air was like glass.
4. After the third bell sounded (1) the curtain trembled and slowly crawled up (2) and (3) as soon as the audience saw their favorite (4) the walls of the theater literally trembled with applause and enthusiastic screams.
5. The little girl laughs loudly (1) because (2) she is having fun (3) and (4) spring is rustling in the yard. .
Task 19.12. Place punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers that should be replaced by commas.
1. The ability to speak in such a way (1) that you are listened to and understood (2) is a great skill (3) which is given to very few (4) and (5) which no one has the right to neglect.
2. In the house they immediately heard the sound of hooves on the pavement (1) and (2) when the stomping died down at the front door (3) and voices were heard through the wall (4) the owners froze in anxious anticipation.
3. Then my guest immediately began to complain to me (1) that (2) while he was driving to me (3) he got lost in the forest (4) and was forced to spend the night in the forester’s lodge.
4. Gogol believed (1) that his fiery words would set human hearts on fire (2) and (3) when his poem fell into the hands of readers (4) he tensely waited for the moment of miraculous transformation.
5. The dictionary reflects what (1) is happening in the world (2) and (3) although it is not necessary to know all the contents of the dictionary (4) you must be able to use this book.
Task 19. Keys
In task 19 there is another difficulty: punctuation before the conjunction I.
Let’s compare two sentences and determine which of them has a comma before the conjunction And and which does not (no punctuation marks):
1.The young writer carefully looked at the people around him (1) and (2) if he noticed something interesting (3) he wrote down his observations (4) to then use them in his books.
2.That day, the four of us had dinner (1) and (2) when dessert was served (3) the girl capriciously said (4) that the cherry compote was not tasty.
In the first sentence, the conjunction AND connects homogeneous predicates (“looked closely” and “wrote down”), so there is no comma in place of the number 1. In place of the number 2 we will put a comma: this is the junction of the conjunctions AND+IF, with the second conjunction IF there is no continuation in the form of the word THEN. Commas are also placed in place of the numbers 3 and 4, as on the border of the main and subordinate parts. So the correct answer is: 2, 3, 4.
In the second sentence, the conjunction AND connects two simple sentences as part of a complex one (the first grammatical basis: “we had dinner”, the second grammatical basis: “the girl said”), therefore a comma is placed in place of the number 1. In place of the number 2, you should also put a comma: this is the junction of the conjunctions AND + WHEN, with the second conjunction WHEN there is no continuation in the form of the word THEN. There should also be commas in place of the numbers 3 and 4, as on the border of the main and subordinate parts. So the correct answer is: 1, 2, 3, 4.
To complete the task, use the following algorithm:
1. Identify the grammatical bases in the sentence.
2. Determine the boundaries of simple sentences as part of a complex syntactic structure.
3. See how these sentences are related to each other.
4. Find out whether the conjunction AND is present in the sentence, and if it is present in the sentence, determine what it connects:
· if the conjunction I connects homogeneous members, then a comma is not placed before it;
· if the conjunction And connects simple sentences, then a comma is placed before it;
5. Determine whether there is a junction of conjunctions in a complex syntactic construction, and if there is one, determine whether the second conjunction has a continuation (through one simple sentence) in the form of the words TO, BUT:
· if the second conjunction does not have a continuation in the form of the words TO, BUT, etc., a comma is placed at the junction of the two conjunctions;
· if the second conjunction has a continuation in the form of the words TO, BUT, etc., a comma is not placed at the junction of the two conjunctions.
6. Find the boundaries between the main and subordinate parts and put commas in their place.
Sample application of the algorithm when performing task 19:
Place punctuation marks in the following sentence:
Last summer I graduated from college (1) and (2) when I arrived from St. Petersburg (3) I was simply amazed (4) how our city had changed.
This is a complex sentence consisting of the main part (“Last summer I graduated from college and was simply amazed”) and two subordinate clauses (“when I arrived from St. Petersburg”, “how our city has changed”).
In this complex syntactic structure, there is a parallel subordination of subordinate clauses to the main one.
The subordinate clause of time is added using the conjunction WHEN, and the subordinate clause is connected to the main clause by means of the conjunction word HOW.
Before the union And, in place of the number 1, a comma is not placed, since the union And connects homogeneous members: “graduated and was amazed.”
In place of the number 2, a comma is necessary: this is the junction of the conjunctions AND + WHEN, with the second conjunction WHEN there is no continuation in the form of the word THEN.
In place of the numbers 2, 4, commas are placed as on the border of the main and subordinate parts.
So the correct answer is: 2, 3, 4.
TASKS FOR INDEPENDENT WORK
Task No. 1. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers in place of which in
Fairy tales often tell about (1) how a resilient hero travels without leaving a warm stove (2) and (3) if we talk about Vladimir stoves (4) then the storytellers were not far from the truth.
Answer:_______.
Task No. 2. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers in place of which in
sentences must contain commas.
Kurin suddenly remembered the desperate eyes and perky freckles of the girl instructor (1) and (2) despite the fact that in front of him now there was a boring gray road (3) and he had to walk a few more kilometers under the scorching sun (4) he suddenly felt cheerful.
Answer:_______.
Task No. 3. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers in whose place
There must be commas in the sentence.
The young people soon came to the point of thinking (1) that they definitely needed to get married (2) but (3) since Marya Gavrilovna’s parents forbade their daughter to think about a wedding with Vladimir (4) they would have to do this without parental blessing.
Answer:_______.
Task No. 4. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers in place of which in
sentences must contain commas.
Belikov wore dark glasses, a sweatshirt, stuffed his ears with cotton wool (1) and (2) when he sat on the cab (3) he ordered the top to be raised (4) so that no one could invade his cramped little world.
Answer:_______.
Task No. 5. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers in place of which in
sentences must contain commas.
The audience froze in anticipation (1) and (2) when the curtain slowly rose (3) they began to admire the magnificent scenery (4) created by the young artists.4)1, 2, 3, 45)2, 3, 46) 1, 2 , 37) 1, 3, 4
Slide 2
Let's repeat the SPP:
- consists of several grammatical bases;
- they are not equal;
- there is a main clause and a subordinate clause;
- they are connected by subordinating conjunctions and allied words.
I love you, life, and I hope it's mutual.
Slide 3
Subordinating conjunctions:
- explanatory - what, in order, how..
- causal - because, so...
- temporary - when, only, barely..
- comparative - as if, as if..
- concessionary - although, at least, let
- target - so that, in order...
- conditional - if, if, if, ...
- consequences - so..
Slide 4
Conjunctive words:
which, which, whose, which, where, where. where, why, how much...
Particles: whether, only
Slide 5
Place of subordinate clause
- You always need to know exactly what you want.
- When you walk over the abyss, look into the azure and light.
- Accustomed to the idea that a full barrel does not rattle, he was silent.
Slide 6
Types of subordinate clauses:
determinatives - (which?)
explanatory – (case questions)
circumstantial – (place, time, condition, cause, purpose, effect, course of action,
measures and degrees, comparisons, concessions).
Slide 7
Subordinate clause
Plant asters near the house, whose delicate flowers decorate the garden until November.
Winding paths, smooth lines of which beckon into the depths of the site, make the garden mysterious.
Slide 8
Types of communication:
consistent submission;
- I'm sorry I couldn't say that I'll be brave.
parallel subordination.
- When March arrives, the air smells like spring, which is just around the corner.
Slide 9
homogeneous subordination;
- I see how the storm rages and the lightning is extinguished by the stream.
heterogeneous subordination.
- I need to find out what's going on in order to make a decision.
(What? and for what purpose?)
Slide 10
Confluence of two unions
and when...then which if...then
what if...then so what when...then what although...but what once...then
- She decided that if the temperature did not subside, she would call a doctor at home.
- She decided that if the temperature did not subside, she would call a doctor at home.
Slide 11
Especially often (1) the poet visited the Olenins (2) whose daughter (3) (4) was the subject of his serious hobby.
1) 1,2,4 2) 2 3) 1,3 4) 2,4
Slide 12
Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers that should be in their place in the sentence?
should there be commas?
Rose (1) the first mention (2) of which (3) dates back to the 5th century BC. (4) described in ancient Indian legends.
1) 1,4 2) 2,4 3) 1,3 4) 1,3,4
Slide 13
Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers in their place?
Should sentences have commas?
Tree-like peonies (1) whose leaves (2) (3) fly away for the winter (4) over time turn into lushly flowering spreading bushes.
1) 1,4 2) 2 3) 3 4) 1,2,4
Slide 14
Should sentences have commas?
The young people soon came to the point of thinking (1) that they definitely needed to get married (2) but (3) since Marya Gavrilovna’s parents forbade their daughter to think about a wedding with Vladimir (4) they would have to do this without parental blessing.
1) 1,3,4 2) 2 3) 2,3,4 4) 1,2,3,4
Slide 15
Should sentences have commas?
It was difficult to guess (1) what day it would be (2) and for a long time the climbers could not decide (3) when to start climbing.
1) 1,3 2) 2 3) 1,2 4) 1,2,3
Slide 16
Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers in their place?
Should sentences have commas?
The sister did not answer anything (1) and (2) in order to distract herself from the unpleasant conversation (3) she went up to the cage with the birds and began to absentmindedly pour grain into the feeders (4) although they were already full.
1) 1,2,4 2) 1,2,3,4 3) 1,3 4) 2,3
Slide 17
Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers in their place?
Should sentences have commas?
It was getting dark (1) and (2) when we entered a sparse birch grove (3) the white trunks seemed to us like bright paper stripes stuck on the purple twilight.
1) 1,2,3 2) 2,3 3) 3 4) 1,2
Slide 18
Among sentences 3-19, find a complex sentence with a subordinate clause.
Write the number of this complex sentence.
(3) The artist answered me something like this. (4) The old masters and, in general, the great painters of the past saw in the baby, first of all, a person. (5) After all, the main thing in every baby is not that he is a child, but that he is a human child. (6) And his human life is difficult, complex. (7) Of course, childhood is the dawn of life, it is happiness. (8) But the child himself does not realize this happiness. (9) Were you happy as a child?
(10) After listening to her, I became thoughtful. (P) Of course, there was some overlap in her words. (12) But when I began to sort through the sad and happy impressions of my childhood in my memory, there were very few happy ones. (13) And the reason for this was not the parents, not those around, not the difficulties of the era. (14) I simply had no time to be happy.
(15) Well, then what about the “golden childhood”? (16) “Golden childhood” is a firmly established formula.
(17) What if the myth of a golden childhood was invented by adult uncles and aunts who had forgotten their childhood years? (18) After all, if everyone were cloudlessly happy in childhood, then children would grow up to be stupid adults. (19) Meanwhile, we live in a society of reasonable, talented, capable, smart, intelligent, thinking people - and this is in all areas of life.
Slide 19
Among sentences 14-21, find complex sentences with sequential
subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the numbers of these complex sentences.
(14) But what can you do if people voluntarily put themselves in various metal cages and disconnected them from the earth, from its common electrical and other forces.
(15) With synthetic clothes and shoes, rubber wheels and asphalt, all kinds of plastics, a person increasingly isolates himself from the globe, artificially disconnecting not only from the general earthly electricity, but also from many forces that we have not studied, emitted by trees and grass, rain and rainbows , pine needles and floating clouds, dormant forest and morning dew, river fog and lightning. (16) And just soft and kind soil.
(17) However, this physical isolation will seem like a trifle if we remember the monstrous psychological, spiritual isolation that now exists between Man and the Earth.
(18) Of course, we try, we strive, we grow a flower or an onion on the balcony, we keep some kind of plant in the apartment, we get a plot of land at our dacha, in the summer, during vacation, on Sunday we go out into the forest, to the river. (19) But this is not a serious relationship with the earth. (20) And this is kind of like a child’s game of daughters and mothers instead of genuine love, the genuine birth of children.
(21) And just think that my grandfather and even my father were still in direct and immediate contact with the earth, which is intended and necessary for man.
Slide 20
Thanks everyone!
View all slides
GRAMMAR ERRORS | OFFERS |
A) violation in the construction of sentences with participial phrases | 1) At the end of the school year, the class teacher wrote detailed characteristics of the students. |
B) an error in constructing a complex sentence | 2) Reflecting on the pages of the story “Heart of a Dog”, you see how difficult it is to re-educate a person who does not feel the inner need to live the way he is offered. |
C) violation in the construction of a sentence with an inconsistent application | 3) Those who admired Kramskoy’s portraits were amazed at the depth of revelation of human character. |
D) disruption of the connection between subject and predicate | 4) A corner of old Moscow was recreated by V.D. Polenov in the landscape “Moscow Courtyard”. |
D) violation of aspect-temporal correlation of verb forms | |
6) When I started playing music, I suddenly made many interesting acquaintances. |
|
7) The housing problem in the city is not only solved through new construction, but also through the reconstruction of old buildings. |
|
8) Everyone was looking forward to Victory and when they would drive the enemy out of their native land. |
|
9) The tasks performed by students during the exam do not cause much difficulty. |
Task No. 2
The deception led to the fact that he found himself in an extremely difficult situation.
For Nikita, who has amazing vocal abilities, those around him WANTED a career as an opera singer.
This event shook the entire area.
The afternoon nap allowed me to RECOVER my lack of strength.
Our hotel in Prague was very COMFORTABLE.
Task No. 3 Place punctuation marks.
1) The work went quickly and cheerfully and was completed on time.
2) Pretty soon he settled down in the area and made friends with the neighbors.
3) Twice he came across small clearings and then he could look at the stars twinkling above.
4) Crimson and gold leaves slowly and smoothly swirl in the air and quietly fall to the wet ground.
5) Participles are capable of both figuratively describing an object or phenomenon and presenting its characteristic in dynamics.
Task No. 4. Place all the missing punctuation marks:indicate the number(s) in whose place(s) there should be a comma(s) in the sentence.
Girlfriend (1) golden age (2)
Girlfriend (3) of red childhood years (4)
Do I see you (5) (6) the light in my eyes (7)
Friend (8) of the heart (9) dear (10) Sushkova?
Your image is with me everywhere,
My dear ghost is with me everywhere:
In the dull darkness of midnight,
During the hours of the day, golden.
Then at the end of the dark alley
Evening, quiet times,
Alone, in languid reverie,
I see you before me...
(A.S. Pushkin)
Task No. 5. Place punctuation marks
1. Fairy tales often tell how a resilient hero travels without leaving a warm stove, and if we talk about Vladimir stoves, then the storytellers were not far from the truth.
2. Kurin suddenly remembered the desperate eyes and perky freckles of the girl instructor, and despite the fact that in front of him now there was a boring gray road and he had to walk a few more kilometers under the scorching sun, he suddenly felt cheerful.
3. The young people soon came to the point of thinking that they definitely needed to get married, but since Marya Gavrilovna’s parents forbade their daughter to think about a wedding with Vladimir, they would have to do it without parental blessing.
4. After half a minute, the nightingale let out a high, small shot and, having thus tested its voice, began to sing. Hawks stood motionless in the sky, spreading their wings and fixing their eyes on the grass.
Task No. 6. Mark an example with an error in the formation of the word form and correct the error
1) several necklaces 3) tickets without seats
2) smarter 4) with three hundred books 5) amperes 7) a sore callus 8) nests 9) breeches 10) both birds 11) looking ahead 12) ninety notebooks 13) slightly wet 14) will soon recover
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