| Option 1 1. What chemical compound is a DNA monomer? 1) glucose 2) amino acid 3) glycerin 4) nucleotide 2. What is the building function of carbohydrates? 1) are a reserve substance of cells 2) form the cell wall of a plant cell 3) able to dissolve in water 4) are organic monomers 3. What function do enzyme proteins perform in a cell? 1) construction 2) energy 3) motor 4) catalytic 5. What is the most important function of fats in the cell? 1) maintain constancy internal environment 2) catalyze chemical processes 3) serve as a source of energy 4) highly soluble in water 6. What is the name of the chemical bond between monomers in a protein molecule? 1) peptide 3) hydrogen 4) covalent non-polar 7. Does not consist of amino acids: a) hemoglobin; b) insulin; c) glycogen; d) albumin. 8. The ability of camels to tolerate thirst well is explained by the fact that: 9. The greatest amount of energy is released when one gram is split: Option 2 1. What is the name of the chemical bond between monomers in a protein molecule? 1) peptide 3) hydrogen 4) covalent non-polar 2. What function do nucleic acids perform in a cell? 3. Which compound is a starch monomer: A) fatty acids B) amino acids B) glucose D) glycerin 4. Spiralization of a protein molecule by forming hydrogen bonds characterizes the protein structure: a) primary b) secondary c) tertiary d) quaternary 5 .. Among the listed functions, select the function that proteins do not perform. a) protective; c) construction; b) catalytic; d) the main energy reservoir of the cell. 6. It is more expedient to give a tired marathon runner at a distance to maintain strength: a) a piece of sugar c) a little butter; b) a piece of meat; d) a little mineral water. 7. Does not consist of amino acids: a) hemoglobin; b) insulin; c) glycogen; d) albumin. 8. What is the function of lipids in the cell? 1) Catalyst chemical processes 2) energy source 3) transfer of gases and other substances 4) storage of hereditary information Option 3 1. What is the function of lipids in the cell? 1) chemical process catalyst 2) energy source 3) transfer of gases and other substances 4) storage of hereditary information 2. As a storage substance, glycogen actively accumulates in cells 1) potato tubers 2) tuberculosis bacteria 3) dog liver 4) elodea leaves 3. Which compounds are protein monomers: A) fatty acids B) amino acids B) glucose D) glycerin 4. What part of the amino acids distinguishes them from each other: A) a radical B) amino group B) carboxyl group D) peptide bond 5. What substance belongs to disaccharides: A) sucrose B) glucose C) starch D) glycogen 6. The ability of camels to tolerate thirst well is explained by the fact that: a) fats retain water in the body; b) fats release water during oxidation; c) fats create a heat-insulating layer that reduces evaporation; d) organisms have developed a habit of dehydration. 7. The greatest amount of energy is released when one gram is split: a) fat; b) glucose; c) protein; d) cellulose. 8. What is the function of nucleic acids in a cell? 1) are universal sources of energy for life 2) provide specific cellular immunity 3) participate in the construction of cell organelles 4) provide storage and transmission of hereditary information |
10. What substances are polysaccharides? Choose three correct answers and write down the numbers under which they are indicated. 1) glucose 2) starch 5) glycogen 6) fiber 11. Select the false statements. a) cellulose forms the walls of plant cells; b) ribose is a part of nucleic acids; in) main function proteins - storage and transmission of hereditary information; d) the buffer properties of cells depend on the amount of carbohydrate.
10. Match the structures and proteins that make up them. 1) cartilage, tendons 2) feathers, nails, horns, hair, animal hooves 3) ligaments, lungs, walls of arteries 4) blood plasma a) elastin b) keratin c) fibrinogen d) collagen 11. Correlate carbohydrates and their functions: 3) protects plant cells a) glycogen b) chitin c) starch d) cellulose
10. Correlate carbohydrates and their functions: 1) reserve plant nutrient 2) reserve animal nutrient 3) protects plant cells 4) is part of the cell membrane of fungi a) glycogen b) chitin c) starch d) cellulose 11. Match the functions with examples of proteins: 1) growth hormone 2) interferon 3) hemoglobin 4) keratin a) protective b) transport c) regulatory d) structural |
BIOPOLYMERS
Everyone knows that proteins and nucleic acids perform the most important functions in living cells. These are high-molecular compounds - polymers, consisting of structural units - monomers. Protein monomers are amino acids, and nucleic acid monomers are nucleotides.
Plants and animals are different great variety protein molecules. They perform a wide variety of functions.
in the body. Many proteins perform an enzymatic function. Other proteins are part of the cell membranes of hair, nails, and other formations. Such proteins are called structural. In addition, proteins can perform protective, signaling, energy and transport functions. In proteins, 20 amino acids are usually found, the sequence of connection of which determines the type of protein.
There are few variants of nucleic acids. These include DNA, ribosomal RNA, messenger RNA, and transfer RNA. DNA nucleotides, like the amino acids in proteins, line up
in different order. The structure and type of proteins synthesized in cells depend on this sequence. Messenger RNA removes information from DNA and is sent to the site of protein synthesis on ribosomes. Transfer RNA brings amino acids to the ribosomes.
Thus, the relationship between nucleic acids and proteins manifests itself in the fact that nucleic acids encode and transmit information to the site of protein synthesis and ensure the delivery of amino acids to ribosomes. However, if proteins have different properties and functions depending on their structure, then the functions of nucleic acids are relatively constant.
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Proteins and fats are high molecular weight organic compounds. A protein molecule is formed a large number amino acids, which include carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur atoms. Fats are made up of glycerol and fatty acids. They are insoluble in water, but highly soluble in organic solvents. Fats are made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms. Fats and fat-like substances are usually combined under the general name of lipids. Like carbohydrates, they serve as a source of energy.
The proteins of different cells are not the same, they are specific. However, they have a common property - to coagulate when heated or exposed to ultraviolet rays. Proteins are the main building material any cell: are part of cell membranes, cytoplasm, nucleus and organelles. Many proteins are enzymes. In animals, all types of movement are provided by contractile proteins. Proteins, fats and carbohydrates are involved in the protection of cells and contacts with the environment. Some proteins perform a transport function, attaching and transferring oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Fats, like proteins, perform a number of functions. They are part of cell membranes and thus perform a building function. Fats can accumulate in cells and serve as a spare nutrient. Some fat-like substances are hormones, taking part in the regulation of the physiological functions of the body.
1) What molecules are fats made of?
2) What is the general property of protein molecules?
3) What is the similar function of proteins and fats in the text?
