Causes of the Iraq War. Strengthening Islamist organizations

International relations. Political science. Regional Studies Bulletin of the Nizhny Novgorod University. N.I. Lob of Achevsky, 2011, No. 5 (1), p. 268-274

UDC 94(430).087

DIPLOMATIC PARTICIPATION OF GERMANY IN THE CONFLICT AROUND IRAQ (2001-2003)

© A.I. Egorov

Dzerzhinsk Polytechnic Institute of the Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University. R.E. Alekseeva

[email protected]

Received by the editors 09/02/2011

The problem of Germany's diplomatic participation in the conflict around Iraq in the period 2001-2003 is considered. It was revealed that the FRG pursued its interests by playing a double game. On the one hand, official Berlin sought to maintain partnership relations with the United States, and on the other hand, it took up anti-war positions, entering into an informal alliance with France and Russia.

Keyword: Iraq, Germany, anti-war message, UN Security Council resolutions, weapons

The strengthening of the geopolitical position of Germany in connection with its unification allowed the federal government to intensify diplomatic efforts in strategically important regions of the world. The latter included the Persian Gulf zone, where Iraq has traditionally played the role of one of the key actors in the international process. Its importance was determined primarily by large reserves of energy resources. According to the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), in the early 2000s. Iraq had the second largest reserves of crude oil in the world, second only to Saudi Arabia.

The FRG pursued predominantly economic goals with respect to Iraq. Germany's interests were to maintain bilateral trade, the annual volume of which was estimated at about $350 million, and in addition, with the involvement of intermediary countries, German sales were carried out to Iraqi counterparties in the amount of about $1 billion.

At the same time, Germany had to take into account the continuously deteriorating political climate in relations with Iraq, which was largely facilitated by such factors as the danger posed by the alleged Iraqi weapons of mass destruction, as well as the negative attitude towards the regime of President Saddam Hussein on the part of a significant part of the world community . The latter was fueled to a large extent by the aggressive foreign policy actions of the regime, in particular, it tried to annex Kuwait in August 1990.

Lacking its own effective leverage over Hussein, Germany

diplomatic alliance, international inspectorate of mass destruction, pacifism.

gave priority to multilateral mechanisms for influencing the situation in Iraq. She considered the United Nations to be the key instrument for resolving the situation, in connection with which she supported the adoption of Security Council resolution No. all stocks of agents, all related subsystems and components, and all related research, development, maintenance and production facilities; all ballistic missiles with a range in excess of 150 km and related major parts and facilities for repair and production. To control the disarmament of Iraq, UNSCOM, the UN Special Commission, was created, whose inspectors did a lot of work to identify chemical, bacteriological and missile weapons, and, together with the IAEA, objects related to the creation of nuclear weapons. The commission performed its functions until December 1998, but then S. Hussein terminated relations with the UN and expelled international inspectors from Iraq, which served as the basis for aggravating the situation.

Growing tension around Iraq in the early 2000s. coincided with the approach of the next parliamentary elections in Germany. In view of this, the coalition government of the Social Democrats and the Greens found itself in a difficult position. On the one hand, it was forced to take into account the serious pacifist potential in the country. Public opinion polls showed that most

The Germans were determined to resolve the Iraqi problem peacefully. On the other hand, the government strove to be loyal to its overseas ally, which had embarked on the preparation of an armed struggle against the regime of President Hussein.

On September 18-19, 2001, German Foreign Minister J. Fischer visited Washington, where he met with US Deputy Defense Secretary P. Wolfowitz. The American side spoke sharply about an adequate response to the challenges of international terrorism, emphasizing that it sees its mission in the liberation of a number of countries from their "terrorist governments" without stopping at the use of military force. Although the list of such countries was not made public, it became clear that Iraq would not be the last one.

Meanwhile, from the middle of 2002, Germany began to distance itself from the American ally's policy of force. On August 7, 2002, J. Fischer gave a broad justification for the position of the German government on the Iraqi problem. For the first time, it contained critical statements about the United States, whose orientation towards military methods of resolving the conflict situation was recognized as unacceptable. In addition, Fisher made it clear that the accents in posing the problem were placed incorrectly by Washington.

From the point of view of official Berlin, Islamic terrorism came to the fore among the threats facing the international community at the beginning of the 21st century. The connection of Saddam Hussein's regime with terrorist organizations, including Al-Qaeda, has not been proven. Confident that the American military machine was powerful enough to defeat the Hussein regime, Fisher dismissed President George W. Bush's hopes of a complete transformation of Iraq in the spirit of democracy and in a short time as illusory. “It will take decades and a permanent US military presence in the region,” the German Foreign Minister warned. Moreover, the hypothetical possibility of the withdrawal of American troops from the region until the situation was completely stabilized was regarded by Germany as a risk factor, because this threatened to blow up the situation in the Persian Gulf zone, which could negatively affect the security of European countries.

On August 15, 2002, in an interview with the influential newspaper Die Zeit, Federal Chancellor G. Schroeder tried to show the legal groundlessness of the position of supporters of a military invasion of Iraq by saying that the Security Council

The UN did not authorize such actions. However, the FRG offered technical assistance and also supported the continuation of the UN inspectors' mission in Iraq, insisting on their unrestricted access to all suspicious objects.

The anti-war line at that moment was also maintained by the conservative opposition in the person of the candidate for the post of federal chancellor, the Bavarian Prime Minister E. Stoiber, who on August 28, 2002 presented his views on the advisability of military intervention in Iraqi affairs. Stoiber warned the United States against independent action and allowed the participation of the Bundeswehr in the anti-Iraq campaign only if it received the appropriate mandate from the UN Security Council and developed a consolidated position of the European Union on this problem.

In September 2002, under pressure from the world community, the Iraqi leadership agreed to the return of UN inspectors to the country without preconditions. A new UN Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission - UNMOVIC was formed, which continued the work of UNSCOM in accordance with UN Security Council Resolution No. 1284 of December 17, 1999.

The stronger anti-war stance taken by the government coalition of the Social Democrats and the Greens helped it gain voter support and was an important factor in winning the parliamentary elections. After the formation of the renewed composition of the government, Federal Chancellor G. Schroeder spoke on October 29

2002 with a government statement reaffirming Germany's previous course on the Iraq problem. As a goal, he outlined a consistent policy of disarmament and international verification of Iraq.

By that time, the situation around Iraq was heating up again. On November 8, 2002, the UN Security Council adopted Resolution No. 1441, which is quite tough on Iraq. The paper expressed regret that Iraq had not provided accurate, complete, final and comprehensive information on all aspects of its programs to develop weapons of mass destruction and ballistic missiles with a range of over 150 km and on all stockpiles of such weapons, their components and production facilities and locations. , as well as all other nuclear programs, including those that the Iraqi authorities claim are carried out for purposes other than materials that can be used to produce nuclear weapons.

The Security Council argued that Iraq repeatedly obstructed access to sites designated by the UN Special Commission and the IAEA, did not cooperate fully and unconditionally with weapons inspectors, and ultimately ceased all cooperation with them in 1998. Iraq lacked international observers, inspections and controls on weapons of mass destruction and ballistic missiles.

The Security Council provided Iraq with a final opportunity to fulfill its disarmament obligations by deciding to introduce an enhanced inspection regime to ensure the full and verifiable completion of the disarmament process.

Baghdad was to provide "immediate, unimpeded, unconditional and unrestricted" access for international inspectors to any and all Iraqi installations that the inspectors deem necessary to inspect.

The UN Security Council warned Iraq that further violation of its obligations would lead to serious consequences for it.

In accordance with the requirements of the resolution, it was planned to resume the activities of international inspectors in Iraq no later than

On December 23, 2002, and no later than 60 days later, they were to submit to the UN Security Council a report on the work done. As early as November 27, 2002, UN inspectors resumed their work in Iraq.

At the end of the first phase of its activities, the new inspectors' mission produced a report that did not contain any significant reproaches against Iraq for having weapons of mass destruction. On the other hand, a number of questions on Iraqi programs for the development of nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons remained unanswered.

This gave the United States and Great Britain a reason to declare that they do not trust S. Hussein and demand the adoption of a tough, ultimatum UN Security Council resolution as soon as possible, which would actually sanction the use of military force against Iraq. This position was approved by a number of states, including the countries of Eastern Europe, which in 2004 were supposed to join the European Union. At the end of January 2003, they issued an appeal containing the full support of the United States in the Iraq issue.

The active diplomatic offensive of the supporters of the war was expressed in the fact that on February 24, 2003, Spain, Great Britain and the United States submitted a draft resolution to the UN Security Council, in paragraph 1 of which it was stated: “The Security Council announces that Iraq has missed the moment to use the last chance given to it in accordance with resolution No. 1441".

On February 26, 2003, US President George W. Bush made it clear that the United States is setting itself more global goals than identifying and eliminating Iraq's hypothetical weapons of mass destruction. This assumption turned into a certainty on March 17, 2003, when the President of the United States announced the need to eliminate Saddam Hussein's regime as part of the anti-terrorism war.

In this situation, Germany faced a difficult choice: to continue the anti-war line at the risk of seriously spoiling transatlantic relations, or to move in the wake of Washington's aggressive foreign policy.

Official Berlin was forced to play a double game. On the one hand, the federal government was not about to question its partnership with the United States. On January 29, 2003, speaking at the World Bank office in Washington, the coordinator of German-American cooperation in the German Foreign Ministry, K. Voigt, convinced the George W. Bush administration of Germany's loyalty to the letter and spirit of the transatlantic partnership. This, stressed the German diplomat, is best evidenced by the actions of the federal government.

First of all, this meant an adequate reaction of the FRG to the terrorist acts against the United States that took place on September 11, 2001. “No one expressed grief and sympathy for the American people better than the Germans,” Voigt said. Moreover, Chancellor G. Schroeder guaranteed "unlimited German solidarity with the United States in their fight against terrorism."

In addition, in November 2001, the Federal Chancellor decided to provide units of the Bundeswehr to participate in Operation Sustainable Freedom in Afghanistan, and a year later the German Bundestag renewed the German mandate to participate in this operation.

At the same time, Voigt stated unequivocally that the Bundeswehr was not in a position to simultaneously participate in military campaigns around the globe. “The German commitment is concentrated in Afghanistan, where our country

I am not ready to lead the ISAF group together with the Netherlands,” the German diplomat emphasized.

As for the Iraq issue, he tried to soften the contradictions by arguing that the positions of Germany and the United States converge on three fundamental points. First of all, it was about the principled assessment of the political regime of S. Hussein, who was called "a cruel, aggressive dictator who does not respect the resolutions of the UN Security Council." Also, the parties were unanimous in their opinion that Iraq cannot possess weapons of mass destruction and their means of delivery. Finally, the US and the FRG demanded that international inspectors be granted unhindered access to Iraqi military installations.

Consequently, the German diplomat stated, both countries had a common goal with respect to Iraq, but there were differences in understanding the means to achieve it. Germany believed that the solution to the problem lay in effective multilateral action carried out within the framework of the UN. In this regard, Germany recalled UN Security Council Resolution No. 1441, which, in its opinion, opened the way for a political solution to the Iraqi problem.

Recognition of the priority of non-military means pushed official Berlin to closer cooperation with Moscow and Paris, which opposed the use of force to resolve the Iraq issue. The period from December 2002 to January 2003 was marked by consultations between the German Foreign Minister and Russian and French colleagues. So, on December 27, 2002 and January 26, 2003, telephone conversations took place between the Russian Foreign Ministers I.S. Ivanov and Germany J. Fischer, during which the main attention was paid to the situation in the Persian Gulf. Speaking in favor of the elimination of Iraq's possible weapons of mass destruction, the parties insisted on the continuation of inspection missions in accordance with UN Security Council Resolution 1441.

In this regard, the position of official Berlin regarding the military method of resolving the conflict even toughened. A statement was made that under no circumstances would Germany take part in a military action against Iraq, no matter what the Security Council decided.

In early February 2003, the anti-war diplomatic alliance took on a clearer shape, having formalized its priorities in resolving the conflict around Iraq. On February 10, a Joint Statement by France, Russia and the FRG was signed in Paris, in which the countries

advocated the speedy completion of the process of disarmament of Iraq, provided for by the resolutions of the UN Security Council. Any decisions, in the opinion of the parties, should have been based on the principles of the Charter of this organization. France, Russia and Germany saw the basis for achieving the disarmament of Iraq in the steady implementation of Security Council Resolution No. 1441, emphasizing that not all the opportunities offered by this resolution were used.

Inspections carried out by UNMOVIC and the IAEA in Iraq, according to members of the anti-war coalition, have yielded positive results. France, Russia and the FRG advocated the continuation of these inspections, as well as in favor of their substantial strengthening in personnel and technical terms by all means within the framework of Resolution No. 1441.

The parties warned against the use of force, believing that this was the last resort in resolving the problem. "There is still an alternative to war... Russia, France and the FRG are determined to provide all the necessary conditions for completing the process of disarming Iraq by peaceful means," the three countries stressed in a statement.

On February 13, 2003, German Foreign Minister J. Fischer addressed the Bundestag with a speech in which he outlined three principles for resolving the situation with Iraq. First of all, Germany insisted that Iraq cannot have weapons of mass destruction and must cooperate with the UN on disarmament on the basis of Security Council resolutions. Further, Fischer demanded a tightening and activation of the inspection regime; finally, the control regime was supposed to be maintained in the long term.

The countries of the anti-war diplomatic alliance sought to convey to the world community their concern over the aggravation of the situation around Iraq. On February 24, 2003, a letter was published, signed by the permanent representatives of Russia, Germany and France to the UN Security Council, where it was reported that these countries had developed a Joint Memorandum on the situation in Iraq.

In the memorandum, the members of the alliance stated their position, trying to stop the impending military intervention in Iraq's internal affairs through diplomatic means.

According to Russia, France and Germany, no evidence has ever been provided of Iraq's possession of weapons of mass destruction or technology capable of producing such weapons. Inspections that began in Iraq allowed to move from the dead

point in the control process, indicating progress as Iraq's cooperation with the international community slowly but steadily improved.

As noted by the countries of the anti-war alliance, to resolve the situation, measures must be taken that are adequate to the current situation. They came down to the following points.

First, the memorandum demanded that a clear program of action be put forward for UN inspectors in Iraq. Under UNSC Resolution No. 1284, the United Nations Verification and Inspection Commissions and the IAEA were required to submit a work program to the UN Security Council for approval. Russia, France and Germany have proposed speeding up the presentation of this program, giving priority attention to the tasks of disarming Iraq. Particular attention was paid to what Iraq must do to fulfill each task within the framework of its disarmament program.

Secondly, priority in the disarmament of Iraq was given to reinforced inspections, whose regime was determined by UN Security Council Resolution No. 1441. Measures were envisaged to strengthen inspections: expansion and diversification of the personnel of inspection missions; creation of mobile units exercising control; introduction of a new air control system; systematic processing of the received data.

Thirdly, the question was raised about the timing of the activities of the inspection. The calendar plan, developed by experts from the countries of the anti-war diplomatic alliance, provided for the following schedule: from March 1, 2003, data on aircraft and launch vehicles, chemical weapons and related materials, biological and nuclear weapons were to be provided; reports from UNMOVIC and the IAEA assessing the performance of assignments would be provided by inspectors 120 days after the approval of the work program in accordance with UNSCR No. 1284. In accordance with paragraph 1 of resolution No. 1441, the UNMOVIC Executive Chairman and the Director General of the IAEA transmitted UN information on every fact of interference by the Iraqi authorities in the activities of the inspections.

On March 15, 2003, the Foreign Ministers of Germany, the Russian Federation and France issued a joint statement, which was the last attempt to stop the impending war. Appealing to the decisions of the UN Security Council and referring to the reports of the General Di-

rector of the IAEA, the parties argued that the disarmament of Iraq had begun and could be completed in a short time. Again referring to the work program of UNMOVIC, which was supposed to be submitted to the UN Security Council in the near future, France, Russia and Germany, if approved, proposed to immediately convene the Security Council at the level of foreign ministers in order to adopt disarmament tasks and approve a calendar plan for the implementation of this programs .

On March 19, 2003, Federal President J. Rau held consultations with representatives of political parties in Germany, where the situation in Iraq was discussed. As a result of the consultations, Rau stated that there was no immediate threat to the German population due to the possible outbreak of hostilities in Iraq, although he did not rule out an increase in the risk of terrorist acts on its territory.

After Hussein did not accept the provisions of the ultimatum addressed by the allied coalition led by the United States, its armed forces on March 20, 2003 launched a military operation against Iraq.

During the war, German diplomacy was active. Immediately after the outbreak of hostilities, Federal Chancellor G. Schroeder delivered a televised address to the nation. He stated that a "mistaken decision" had been made and expressed hope for a speedy end to the war.

On March 24, an interview with J. Fischer appeared in the magazine Der Spiegel, in which he regretted the lack of readiness on both sides to compromise. The next day, speaking at the 59th UN Commission on Human Rights Plenum in Geneva, Fischer raised the issue of the threat to human rights from the fighting in Iraq. The German representative urged the members of the Commission to appeal to the belligerents for respect for international humanitarian law.

German diplomacy shifted its attention to the development of principles for the post-war settlement of the situation. In a speech before the Bundestag on April 3, 2003, Federal Chancellor G. Schroeder proclaimed the Program for the Creation of a "Just and Democratic Order in Iraq and the entire Region." According to this program, the territorial integrity of the country was preserved, and independence and political sovereignty were restored in full. The Iraqi people were given the right to determine their own future, and the resources of the country, including oil fields, remained in their possession and control.

In general, the crisis of 2001-2003 around Iraq showed the impossibility of finding a compromise between controlled disarmament and a clear course towards a military solution to the Iraqi problem. The alliance represented by France, Russia and Germany was unable to resist the authority of the United States, supported by allies in Europe. Also, the attempt of official Berlin to strengthen its influence in the international arena by pursuing an anti-war line was not crowned with success.

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DIPLOMATIC PARTICIPATION OF GERMANY IN THE CONFLICT AROUND IRAQ (2001-2003)

The article deals with the problem of diplomatic participation of Germany in the conflict around Iraq during the period of 2001-2003. It has been revealed that Germany realized its own interests while playing a double game. On the one hand, official Berlin sought to maintain a partnership with the United States, on the other hand, it took an anti-war position by entering into an informal alliance with France and Russia.

Keywords: Iraq, Germany, anti-war diplomatic alliance, international inspections, resolutions of UN Security Council, weapons of mass destruction, pacifism.

After the collapse of the USSR, the United States tried on the role of the "world policeman". So, in fact, American hegemony has been established all over the world, and difficult times have come for countries that are in opposition to the United States. The most revealing in this regard is the fate of Iraq and its leader, Saddam Hussein.

Background to the conflict in Iraq and its causes

After Operation Desert Storm, a UN special commission was sent to Iraq. Its purpose was to oversee the elimination of weapons of mass destruction and the cessation of the production of chemical weapons. The work of this commission lasted approximately 7 years, but already in 1998 the Iraqi side announced the termination of cooperation with the commission.

Also, after the defeat of Iraq, in 1991, zones were created over the northern and southern parts of the country, the appearance of which was prohibited for Iraqi aviation. Patrolling here was carried out by British and American aircraft. However, not everything went smoothly here either. Iraqi air defense, after a series of incidents in 1998, as well as after the operation "Desert Fox" carried out by the Americans, began to regularly fire at foreign military aircraft in non-flying zones. Thus, by the end of the 1990s, the situation around Iraq began to deteriorate again.

With the election of George W. Bush as President in the United States, anti-Iraqi rhetoric in American society has intensified. Great efforts were expended on creating for Iraq the image of an aggressor country that poses a threat to the whole world. At the same time, the preparation of an operation plan for the invasion of Iraq began.

However, the events of September 11, 2001 forced the American leadership to first turn their attention to Afghanistan, which by 2001 was almost completely under the rule of the Taliban. The operation in Afghanistan began in the fall of 2001, and the movement was defeated the following year. After that, Iraq again found itself in the center of events.

As early as the beginning of 2002, the US demanded that Iraq resume cooperation with the UN Commission on the Control of Chemical Weapons and Weapons of Mass Destruction. Saddam Hussein refused, citing the fact that there are no such weapons in Iraq. However, this refusal forced the US and a number of NATO member countries to impose sanctions against Iraq. In the end, in November 2002, Iraq, under increasing pressure, was forced to let the commission into Iraqi territory. At the same time, the UN commission stated that no traces of weapons of mass destruction were found, as well as the resumption of their production.

Nevertheless, the American leadership has already chosen the path of war and persistently followed it. Associations about ties with al-Qaeda, the production of chemical weapons and the preparation of terrorist attacks on US territory were put forward with enviable frequency to Iraq. However, some of these allegations have not been proven.

Meanwhile, preparations for the invasion of Iraq were in full swing. An international anti-Iraqi coalition was formed, which included the United States, Great Britain, Australia, and Poland. The troops of these states were supposed to conduct a lightning operation against Iraq, overthrow Saddam Hussein and install a new, "democratic" government in the country. The operation was called "Iraqi Freedom".

For the invasion of Iraq, a powerful grouping of coalition forces was created, which included 5 American divisions (among them one armored, one infantry, one airborne and two marine divisions) and one tank division of Great Britain. These troops were concentrated in Kuwait, which became the springboard for the invasion of Iraq.

Start of the Iraq War (March–May 2003)

At dawn on March 20, 2003, the troops of the anti-Iraqi coalition invaded Iraq, and their aircraft bombarded the country's major cities. At the same time, the American leadership rejected the idea of ​​massive air training, as in 1991, and decided from the first day to carry out a ground invasion. This was partly due to the fact that George W. Bush needed to overthrow the Iraqi leader as quickly as possible and declare victory in Iraq in order to increase his own rating, as well as to exclude any possibility of the use of weapons of mass destruction by Iraq (the presence of which on the territory of the country, however, and so was questioned).

23 Iraqi divisions practically did not conduct combat operations, limiting themselves only to local pockets of resistance in the cities. At the same time, the battles in settlements dragged on for up to two weeks, somewhat reducing the pace of the offensive. However, in general, the coalition troops moved inland fairly quickly, while suffering very meager losses. Iraqi aviation also did not oppose the allied troops, which allowed the latter to gain and firmly maintain air superiority in the first days.

From the first days, the anti-Iraqi coalition troops managed to advance 300, and in some places even 400 km, and approach the central regions of the country. Here, the directions of strikes began to diverge: British troops advanced in the direction of Basra, and American troops moved towards Baghdad, while capturing cities such as An-Najaf and Karbala. Already by April 8, as a result of two weeks of fighting, these cities were taken by coalition troops and completely cleared.

At the same time, it is worth noting a very remarkable episode of the resistance of the Iraqi troops, which took place on April 7, 2003. On that day, an Iraqi tactical missile attack destroyed the command center of the 2nd Brigade of the 3rd US Infantry Division. At the same time, the Americans suffered significant losses, both in people and in technology. However, this episode could in no way affect the overall course of the war, which from the very first days was essentially lost for the Iraqi side.

On April 9, 2003, American troops captured the capital of Iraq, the city of Baghdad, without a fight. Footage of the destruction of the statue of Saddam Hussein in Baghdad went around the world and became, in fact, a symbol of the collapse of the Iraqi leader's power. However, Saddam Hussein himself managed to escape.

After the capture of Baghdad, American troops rushed north, where by April 15 they occupied the last Iraqi settlement - the city of Tikrit. Thus, the active phase of the war in Iraq lasted less than one month. On May 1, 2003, US President George W. Bush announced victory in the Iraq War.

The losses of the coalition troops during this period amounted to about 200 dead and 1,600 wounded, about 250 armored vehicles, and about 50 aircraft. According to American sources, the loss of Iraqi troops amounted to about 9,000 killed, 7,000 captured and 1,600 armored vehicles. Higher Iraqi losses are explained by the difference in the training of American and Iraqi troops, the unwillingness of the Iraqi leadership to fight, and the absence of any organized resistance from the Iraqi army.

Guerrilla stage of the war in Iraq (2003 - 2010)

The war brought to Iraq not only the overthrow of Saddam Hussein, but also chaos. The power vacuum created by the invasion led to a great rampant looting, looting and violence. The situation was aggravated by terrorist attacks, which began to be carried out with enviable regularity in large cities of the country.

In order to prevent military and civilian casualties, the coalition troops began to form a police force, which was supposed to consist of Iraqis. The creation of such formations began already in mid-April 2003, and by the summer the territory of Iraq was divided into three occupation zones. The north of the country and the area around Baghdad was under the control of American troops. The south of the country, together with the city of Basra, was controlled by British troops. The territory of Iraq south of Baghdad and north of Basra was under the control of the combined division of the coalition, which included troops from Spain, Poland, Ukraine and other countries.

However, despite the measures taken, a guerrilla war broke out in Iraq with might and main. At the same time, the rebels practiced not only blowing up cars and improvised bombs on the streets of cities, but also shelling the international coalition troops, not only with small arms, but even with mortars, mining roads, kidnapping and executing coalition soldiers. These actions forced the American command to carry out Operation Peninsular Strike as early as June 2003, aimed at destroying the insurgency that had begun in Iraq.

Among the important events of the war in Iraq, in addition to numerous uprisings and terrorist attacks, a special place is occupied by the capture of deposed President Saddam Hussein. He was discovered in the basement of a village house 15 kilometers from his hometown of Tikrit on December 13, 2003. In October, Saddam Hussein stood trial and sentenced him to death, a punishment that had been temporarily re-authorized by Iraq's occupying administration. On December 30, 2006, the sentence was executed.

Despite a number of successes of the coalition troops, operations against the partisans did not allow them to radically solve their problem. Between 2003 and 2010 uprisings in Iraq have become, if not a frequent occurrence, then certainly not rare. In 2010, American troops were withdrawn from Iraq, thus officially ending the war for the United States. However, the American instructors who remained in the country continued to fight and, as a result, American troops continued to suffer losses.

By 2014, the losses of the international coalition troops amounted, according to American data, to approximately 4,800 people killed. It is not possible to calculate the losses of the partisans, but it is safe to say that they exceed the number of losses of the coalition by several times. Losses among the civilian population of Iraq amount to hundreds of thousands, if not a million, people.

Results and consequences of the war in Iraq

Since 2014, the territory in western Iraq has been controlled by the self-proclaimed Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (so-called ISIS). At the same time, one of the largest Iraqi cities of Mosul was captured. The situation in the country continues to be difficult, but, nevertheless, stable.

To date, Iraq is an ally of the United States in the region and is fighting against ISIS. So in October 2020, an operation was launched, the purpose of which is to liberate Mosul and completely clear the country of radical Islamists. However, this operation is still ongoing (July 2020) with no end in sight.

From today's standpoint, we can say for sure that the invasion of the international coalition forces into Iraq has led more to the destabilization of the state than to any positive changes. As a result, many civilians died and were injured, and millions of people lost their homes. At the same time, a humanitarian catastrophe, the consequences of which are not yet fully visible, continues to this day.

Devon Largio Devon Largio of the University of Illinois analyzed the statements made by 10 key US leaders responsible for deciding to start the war in Iraq and identified 21 reasons why this war was started.

Largio took into account speeches from September 2001 to October 2002 from George W. Bush, Vice President Dick Cheney, Dick Cheney, US Senate Democratic Leader Tom Dashle (now retired from politics), influential Senators Joseph Lieberman Joseph Lieberman ( Democrat) and John McCainJohn McCain (Republican), Richard PerleRichard Perle (at that time the head of the Defense Policy Review Board, one of the most famous neoconservatives and the "gray eminence" of US foreign policy), Secretary of State Colin PowellColin Powell (now not a member of civil service), National Security Adviser to the President of the United States Condoleezza Rice Condoleezza Rice (now head of the State Department), Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld Donald Rumsfeld and his deputy Paul Wolfowitz Paul Wolfowitz (now head of the World Bank World Bank).

Reason: To prevent the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. She, according to Largio, was voiced by: Bush, Cheney, Dashl, Lieberman, McCain, Pearl, Powell, Rice, Rumsfeld and Wolfowitz.

The stockpiles of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) stored in Iraq before the 1991 war would be enough to wipe out the entire population of the Earth several times. Before the 2003 war, it was assumed that Iraq's arsenals could contain up to 26,000 liters of anthrax, up to 38,000 liters of botulinum toxin, several hundred tons of chemical weapons, as well as the raw materials needed for their production. Iraq was thought to be able to retain weapons of mass destruction delivery vehicles - hundreds of aerial bombs, thousands of artillery shells and rockets, several Scud ballistic missiles - and was able to convert old warplanes into unmanned aerial vehicles capable of delivering biological or chemical weapons.

It is now established that Iraq stopped developing nuclear weapons programs after 1991 and destroyed its chemical and biological weapons stockpiles at the same time. While Saddam Hussein hoped to rebuild Iraq's WMD arsenals, he had no concrete strategy in that direction. Iraq retained the infrastructure that could enable it to build chemical and biological weapons fairly quickly.

Reason: The need to change the ruling regime. The same people were talking about her.

Saddam Hussein was constantly included in the informal "charts" of the most brutal dictators of our time. He unleashed two wars. The Iran-Iraq war claimed the lives of 100,000 Iraqis. and 250 thousand Iranians. The Iraqi army's invasion of Kuwait and the ensuing Operation Desert Storm resulted in the deaths of 50,000 Iraqis. Hussein also destroyed 20-30 thousand Kurdish and Shiite rebels, including by using chemical weapons against the civilian population. There were no civil liberties in Iraq. Hussein destroyed political opponents, torture was widely used in Iraqi prisons.

Reason: To fight international terrorism. The same, except for Dashle.

Iraq has provided training facilities and political support to numerous terrorist groups, including the Mujahiddin Khalq, the PKK, the Palestine Liberation Front and the Abu Nidal Organization. Iraq has also provided political asylum to terrorists.

Reason: Iraq violated numerous UN resolutions. The same, except for Dashle.

In two decades, Iraq has not complied with 16 UN Security Council resolutions. On November 8, 2002, the Security Council unanimously adopted resolution N1441, which states that Iraq must disarm under the threat of "serious consequences." This resolution was a follow-up to Resolution N687, adopted in 1991, which committed Iraq to full and final disclosure of all aspects of its weapons of mass destruction and ballistic missile programs with a range of more than 150 km. In 1998, the UN Security Council issued a special Resolution N1205, in which Iraq was condemned for violating Resolution N687 and other similar Security Council resolutions. However, Iraq is far from the only country in the world that does not comply or does not fully comply with the decisions of the Security Council.

Reason: Saddam Hussein is a brutal dictator guilty of killing civilians. The reason was given by: Bush, Cheney, McCain, Pearl, Powell, Rice, Rumsfeld and Wolfowitz.

Reason: Because the UN inspectors responsible for searching for Iraqi weapons of mass destruction encountered opposition from Iraq and were unable to complete their tasks. The authors of the argument are Bush, Lieberman, McCain, Powell, Rice, and Rumsfeld.

UN inspectors operated in Iraq for seven years - from May 1991 to August 1998, when Iraq refused to conduct further inspections. On many occasions, the Iraqi authorities opposed the inspectors. Nevertheless, the "hunting trophies" of the inspectors were quite solid. Long-range missiles and launchers and stockpiles of chemical weapons were destroyed. It took UN inspectors four years to discover Iraq's biological weapons program. Until September 2002, all attempts to return the inspectors to the country ran into resistance from the Iraqi leadership, which insisted that the international community must first end the regime of economic sanctions against Iraq. Subsequently, in September 2002, UN inspectors returned to Iraq, but no Iraqi WMD was found.

Reason: Liberation of Iraq. This was stated by Bush, McCain, Pearl, Rice, Rumsfeld, Wolfowitz.

Reason: Saddam Hussein's links to Al Qaeda. The argument was made in speeches by Bush, Cheney, Lieberman, Pearl, Rice and Rumsfeld.

American intelligence reported that the "liaison" between bin Laden and Hussein is a certain Abu Musab Zarqawi, who allegedly underwent medical treatment in Baghdad in 2002. However, later it turned out that Zarqawi supported one of the extremist movements in the territory of Iraqi Kurdistan, which operated outside the control of Saddam Hussein. It was also reported that one of the terrorists who participated in the September 11, 2001 attacks met with an Iraqi intelligence official. The US Congressional Commission investigating the causes of these attacks found no evidence for this assertion.

Reason: Iraq is a threat to the US. Bush, Pearl, Powell, Rasmfeld, and Wolfowitz have said so.

In October 2002, the US Senate and Congress authorized President George W. Bush to use military force against Iraq. The US administration argued that Iraq posed an immediate threat to the US, and therefore the United States had the right to launch a preemptive strike.

In early 2002, the US National Intelligence Council concluded that Iraq could not realistically threaten the US for at least a decade. During the international sanctions regime, Iraq will not be able to test long-range missiles until 2015. However, provided that this regime is relaxed, Iraq will have access to modern technologies, it will be able to quickly improve its missile arsenals and, possibly, create missiles capable of striking US territory. It is now established that most Iraqi long-range missiles were destroyed after 1991. However, Iraq tried to develop its missile program, which became especially active after the expulsion of UN inspectors (1998). Saddam Hussein set out to build ballistic missiles capable of carrying weapons of mass destruction warheads.

Reason: The need to disarm Iraq. Bush, Pearl, Powell, Rusmfeld and Rice.

Reason: To complete what was not done during the 1991 war (then the troops of the anti-Iraqi coalition led by the United States defeated the Iraqi troops that captured Kuwait, but did not enter the territory of Iraq). Authors: Lieberman, McCain, Pearl, Powell.

Reason: Saddam Hussein is a threat to the security of the region. The version proposed by Bush, Cheney, McCain, Powell and Rumsfeld.

Over the past decades, Iraq has taken part in five wars (three with Israel, one with Iran, one in Kuwait), participated in a huge number of border armed incidents (in particular, with Syria and Turkey). Saddam Hussein's regime carried out large-scale military operations to suppress uprisings of national and religious minorities - Kurds and Shiites. In addition, in the years leading up to the US invasion, Iraq repeatedly threatened to use military force against neighboring states. Once the Iraqi army was considered the strongest army in the region, but before the start of the last war, it was in poor condition.

Reason: International security. Bush, Dashl, Powell and Rumsfeld talked about it.

Reason: Need to support UN efforts. Bush, Powell and Rice spoke for it.

Reason: The US can win an easy victory in Iraq. The authors of the argument are Pearl and Rumsfeld.

The Iraqi army of the 2003 model, according to the International Institute for Strategic Studies, was 50-70% less combat-ready than the army of 1991. During the 1991 Gulf War, approximately 40% of the Iraqi armed forces were destroyed. Hussein could not restore the combat capability of his army. International sanctions prevented him from obtaining modern weapons, the economic crisis in the country led to the fact that the size of the Iraqi army - once one of the largest armies in the Middle East - was reduced by about 50%. The US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency estimates that a 1991 Iraqi soldier spent 70% more money than a 2003 Iraqi soldier. The results are known: if in 1991 the war lasted 43 days, then in 2003 the end of the active period of hostilities was announced after 26 days. During the fighting with the regular Iraqi army, 114 soldiers and officers of the anti-Iraq coalition were killed. The losses of the Iraqi armed forces were, according to various estimates, 4.9 - 11 thousand killed.

Reason: To protect world peace. George Bush.

Reason: Iraq is a unique threat. Donald Rumsfeld.

Reason: The need to transform the entire Middle East. Richard Pearl.

American neoconservatives, including Pearl, believe that the states and peoples of the Middle East feel like outsiders losing the competition with the West. These peoples look with hatred and envy at the rich West. However, according to neoconservatives, this situation was the result of the underdevelopment of democratic institutions in these states - the pressure of religious fundamentalists, the dominance of dictators, lack of freedom of the press, the virtual absence of civil society, etc., which hinder the normal development of the economy, culture, etc. Therefore, according to the neoconservatives, the US and the West should bring "the seeds of democracy" to the Middle East. The creation of a truly democratic Iraqi state is capable of causing a "chain reaction" and completely changing the entire region.

Reason: The need to influence states that support terrorists or seek to obtain weapons of mass destruction. Richard Pearl.

This argument has been confirmed in practice. After the fall of Saddam Hussein's regime, Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi agreed to destroy and partly transfer to the US his stockpiles of weapons of mass destruction and completely stop work on WMD programs.

Reason: Saddam Hussein hates the US and will try to translate his hatred into something concrete. Joseph Lieberman.

Saddam Hussein repeatedly made anti-American statements, anti-Americanism in Iraq was the state ideology. among other things, he used the "oil weapon" - he suspended the export of Iraqi oil in order to "punish" the United States. In 1993, the Iraqi intelligence agencies organized a failed assassination attempt on former US President George W. Bush, who led the United States during the 1991 war. It is now thought that Saddam Hussein was most interested in bolstering his reputation in the Middle East and containing Iraq's old enemy, Iran.

Reason: History itself urges the US to do this. Author of the statement: US President George W. Bush.03 November 2005 Washington ProFile

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“I see no difference between the invasion of Iraq and the invasion of Poland by Hitler in 1939. Bush took advantage of the terrorist attacks committed in the United States on September 11, 2001, in the same way that Hitler used the fire in the Reichstag for his own purposes.

Former UN weapons inspector Scott Ritter (5)

Donald Rumsfeld, the U.S. Secretary of Defense who most advocated an attack on Iraq, shakes Hussein's hand in a friendly manner during their meeting in 1983.

• In 1963, S. Hussein studied law in Cairo, where the CIA came to him. In 1968, the United States brought the Baath Party to power in Iraq, which at that time was headed by S. Hussein's mentor Ahmed Hassat Al-Bakr, who transferred power to S. Hussein in 1979. Thus, "the most cruel dictator" in history, as George W. Bush dubbed S. Hussein, at that time was invited to cooperate by the Americans themselves. (7) Next.
• AUGUST 2, 1990 - Iraqi forces invaded and captured Kuwait. In January 1991, the bombing of Iraq by the forces of the international coalition began, in February - operations by ground forces. In April 1991, hostilities ceased, Iraqi troops were withdrawn from Kuwait. The hostilities lasted 43 days. The ground part of the operation took 100 hours. The anti-Iraqi coalition included representatives of 36 states, the number of the combined military group was 800 thousand people, including 540 thousand US military personnel. During the operation, the Allies dropped 142,000 bombs - about 5% of the number of bombs used during the Second World War. The direct costs of the US for the war in the Persian Gulf, according to the Department of Defense (Departmrent of Defense), amounted to $ 40 billion. The war in the Persian Gulf in early 1991 brought the following losses to the allies in the anti-Iraq coalition: 145 people were killed (including 95 Americans) , 58 US military personnel died outside combat areas, but during the war (for comparison: in the Vietnam War, the US lost 57,685 people killed). The British killed 25 people, 12 were missing. Iraq's losses are much more serious. According to American sources, up to 100,000 Iraqis were killed or wounded during the war (1), according to independent Amer. propaganda estimates - more than 200,000 Iraqis. During the second war, the Americans killed about 20,000 people until May 2003 (61)
• The US considered using military force to seize oil fields in the Middle East as early as the Arab oil embargo in 1973, declassified British government documents show. The US airborne troops were supposed to seize oil installations in Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, and might even ask the British to do the same in Abu Dhabi. This episode shows that security of oil supply has always been a government planning priority. (49)
• One of the US crimes during the 1st Golf War. Let us recall the Amariah bomb shelter in Baghdad, which was hit by American missiles in February 1991. The first rocket pierced two-meter reinforced concrete ceilings, then two thermal ones flew in. They destroyed all life. In an instant, about 400 sleeping women, old people and children were burned alive. Until now, the silhouettes of people imprinted by the blast wave into the walls and floor have been preserved. The Americans said they had confused the bomb shelter with a government bunker.(22) this is always a characteristic feature of their wars (see, for example, (74, 75)). US troops also used Mark 77 napalm, a kind of bomb banned by the United Nations, in Iraq. (75)
• a huge role in shaping public opinion in the United States itself, supporting the 1st war against Iraq, was played by television frames where a 15-year-old girl, who was presented as a Kuwaiti refugee, said that she saw with her own eyes how Iraqi soldiers pulled 312 Kuwaiti babies from hospital, and laid them on the concrete floor to die. They wanted to take away the incubators where these babies were. An interview with this girl was played on American TV hundreds of times before the war. It must be admitted that the girl performed her role masterfully, she even cried, many in the hall also wiped away their tears. The name of the girl was hidden because she allegedly had a family in Kuwait and she could suffer from Hussein's soldiers. In order to understand what an important factor this video was, we add that President George H.W. Bay. Subsequently, it was proved that the girl shown on TV is not a refugee at all, but the daughter of the Kuwaiti ambassador to the United States, who lived in the United States and therefore could not have been an eyewitness to the occupation of Kuwait, moreover, she is a member of the royal family that governs Kuwait, all her relatives have huge fortunes, estates abroad and live mainly in the United States and Western countries, so they could not suffer even if she performed under her own name. Before us is a falsification, which was deliberately carried out by television people on the order of supporters of the war from the presidential administration. Of course, President Bush Sr. himself could not have been unaware of this; he deliberately manipulated the opinions of millions of ordinary Americans in order to achieve his political goals. (12) This whole PR stunt was commissioned by the US government to Hill & Knowlton, an advertising company. The firm found that the American public most hates people who abuse children. Therefore, it was precisely such a plot that was invented to unwind the war with Iraq. The deception surfaced due to the fact that some journalists were not too lazy to go to the same maternity hospital and tried to talk with workers and superiors. It turned out that they had not heard of any murder of babies there, and the Iraqis, although they looked into this building during the war, limited themselves to stealing chairs. Special "incubators" for babies, which they, according to the girls, took with them, still stand in place and serve their purpose (see photo). a photo). (73)

• For the first invasion of Iraq (1991), America used the following justifications (96):

• It is estimated that the sanctions regime imposed after the first Gulf War cost the lives of between 500,000 and 1 million children. (ten)
• "Depleted uranium (DU) shells were first used by the United Forces during the Gulf War in 1991. At the end of 1991, I diagnosed a hitherto unknown disease in the Iraqi population, which is characterized by dysfunction of the kidneys and liver. Diseases of leukemia, anemia have become widespread and malignant neoplasms. Pediatric statistics are full of descriptions of congenital malformations caused by genetic defects. Pregnant women have increased miscarriages and premature births. Bedouins from Kuwait, turned into a training ground by US soldiers, report that hundreds of corpses of camels, sheep and birds lie in the desert." (4) Over the past 10 years, the level of childhood cancer has risen catastrophically. (16) In the first Gulf War in 1991, the Americans and the British used 350 tons of depleted uranium. This had consequences not only for the Amer. soldiers (about half of the soldiers who fought during Desert Storm returned from the war with strange illnesses) and the people of Iraq, but also for the surrounding countries. According to Asian estimates, 20-25% of the total population of these countries turned to doctors with similar complaints, 250 thousand people had already died by 1996. This data is from Iraq, Iran, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain and Oman. (26) According to the English Atomic Energy Osority, 50 tons of depleted uranium could cause 500,000 deaths. Most of the victims are residents of southern Iraq, especially children. During the last war (2003), at least 2,000 tons were used.(61) In the Iraqi capital of Baghdad alone, many sites were found contaminated with radioactive materials, the radiation level of which exceeded the normal level by 1,000 times. (75) The radiation contamination of Iraq is equivalent to 250,000 atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima, the reason for this is precisely the weapon with depleted uranium. The radioactive uranium that the Americans stuff into their bombs and shells has a half-life of 4.5 billion years. If you breathe in just 1 gram of this dust, you will get radioactivity, as if you were having an X-ray of your lungs every hour for the rest of your life. There are 103 plants in the US that produce radioactive uranium. 77 thousand tons of uranium is already in warehouses. This is enough to provide another 40.5 companies equivalent to Iraqi. (76)
• Child mortality has increased 6 times since 1991 (even 16 times, according to one report).(4) Child mortality from malnutrition has increased by more than 3000%. (19)

Seven-month-old child on the verge of starvation due to sanctions

• The incidence of cancer rose between 1991 and 1994. by 700%.(17)
• By the time the sanctions were lifted from Iraq in 2003, somewhere around 2 million people had died from them. (57)
• cholera is rapidly spreading in the country, which did not exist in Iraq in 1990. (eighteen)
• Health care costs fell from $90 to $12 per person per year during the sanctions period.(18) Prior to the imposition of sanctions, over 90% of Iraqis had access to free health care. (57)
• During the first war in Iraq in 1991, the Americans bombed half the schools (about 2,000 out of a total of 4,000).(57)
• The number of operating schools has fallen by three-quarters from 1990 to 2003, while the population has grown from 18 million to 25 million. Therefore, now only half of Iraqi children can attend schools (80% before the sanctions). (57)
• Because of the 1990-2003 sanctions, one Iraqi died every 4 minutes from starvation or from diseases that could have been cured if the "international community" had not destroyed hospitals and drug factories, if the import of drugs into the country had not been banned. country.(57)
• Thanks to the sanctions, 1.5 million children have become orphans. (57)
• Spending on education during the period of sanctions fell from 230 million to 23 million a year.(18) The level of education and literacy of the population has degraded. (9)
• The norm of food for 1 person is limited to 1000 calories per day. (four)
• Mortality increased sharply from 50 per 100 thousand people in 1988 to 117 in 1998. (9)
• One third of children under the age of 5 are chronically ill. (twenty)

• 70% of pregnant women in Iraq suffer from anemia.(21)
• 2003. Iraqi oil wealth - several trillion dollars - as a result of the war came under the effective control of the United States. Explored deposits of crude oil in Iraq, according to OPEC, amount to 112.5 billion barrels. The current price of oil fluctuates in the range of about 20 to 30 US dollars per barrel. The total value of explored deposits is from 2.25 to 3.4 trillion dollars. Of course, the total oil reserves in Iraq may turn out to be much larger. (2)
• The water is polluted and contaminated. Water - the source of life - here itself is the source of disease. Cases of leukemia have quadrupled. The incidence of cancer has increased; in men, the lungs and bronchi are enlarged, stomach dysfunction, and skin diseases are observed. (four)
• as a result of US military attacks and 12 years of sanctions, Iraq was among the least economically developed countries in the world. (eleven)
• Iraq's gross national product has declined by more than 70% over the past two decades(11).
• The link between Hussein and the September 11, 2001 attacks has never been proven.
• the company, headed from 1995 to 2000 by US Vice President Richard Cheney and still paying him up to $1 million (KBR) annually, will operate the Iraqi fields and manage all the oil produced there. So Iraqi oil passed into the possession of the United States, and statements that "Iraqi oil belongs to the people of Iraq" turned out to be empty words. (eleven)
• 2003 - Having won the war on the cheap ($79 billion is less than 1% of the annual output of the US economy), the Bush administration apparently hopes that rebuilding Iraq will soon start to pay off. A measly $2.4 billion has been allocated to the Post-War Administration for Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance. (3)
• As it turned out in October 2003, 14 American firms successfully sold arms to Iraq between the 1991 and 2003 wars. despite the absolute ban. As David Conboy, deputy director of criminal investigations at the Bureau of Immigration, emphasized, "in all these cases, the common moment was greed, the desire to earn dollars at the expense of US national security." Recall that before 1991, the United States officially supplied Iraq with weapons that were used in the war with Iran, Kuwait and to suppress uprisings within the country. (13)
• During a series of polls conducted from May to September 2003, experts found that a large part of Americans have no idea what is happening in Iraq. As many as 48% of Americans said the US had identified evidence of Saddam Hussein's collaboration with al-Qaeda. Another 22% of respondents noted that we found weapons of mass destruction in Iraq. And 25% of respondents expressed confidence that the majority of the world's inhabitants supported the American war. This is a direct result of the disinformation carried out by the US media, especially Fox. (14) April 2004. A year after the occupation began, Americans continue to believe in their government's fairy tales. Over half continue to believe that Baghdad had weapons of mass destruction when the war broke out a year ago, and about half believe in "clear evidence" that Hussein was supporting the al-Qaeda terrorist network. (83)
• In order to satisfy the "sexual needs" of the soldiers in the aggression against Iraq, the Pentagon included 30,000 prostitutes in its armed gang, registering them in the army for auxiliary positions. (24) To raise the patriotic spirit, the Liberty Army mercenaries are sent pictures from Playboy autographed by prostitutes. (27)

An amazing transformation. This is what Amer looks like. barbarians, if you remove from them all the husks of their uniforms and weapons:

After the appearance of pictures of Amer. prisoners of war, the Americans indignantly started talking about the fact that the evil Iraqis were violating the Geneva Convention, according to which the faces of prisoners of war should not be shown (at least that was their interpretation). In America, the display of American prisoners of war on television was banned altogether. On the other hand, Iraqi prisoners of war could be shown as much as you wanted and as you liked. Obviously, the Geneva Convention did not apply to them. The same goes for the 1st Iraq War. The frightened Iraqis were shown close-up. True, after this incident with the capture of Americans as prisoners, CNN and other channels suddenly "remembered" human rights and began to paint over the faces of the prisoners in their reports. Cleaned up the internet. Previously, you could find a picture where an Iraqi kisses the boot of an American invader. Now you can't find it anymore.

footage amer. television, taken from an American patriotic site, where they revel in the killings and fear of the people of Iraq. For some reason, the Americans forgot about the Geneva Convention.

• Let's compare how Iraqis and Americans treated prisoners of war. The Iraqis provided medical care to all the wounded, did not torture anyone (despite the Pentagon's lies) and did not kill anyone. The Americans treated (and still treat) prisoners of war in a barbaric way: torture, murder, inhuman conditions of detention, death threats, beatings, humiliation...
• The Pentagon was planning a military operation against Iraq in the months leading up to 9/11. (24)
• Iraq sanctions cost Russia over $40 billion (94)
• More than 90% of Iraqis consider the soldiers of the coalition forces located on the territory of the country to be occupiers. At the same time, only 3% of Iraqis perceive the coalition forces as peacekeeping forces, while 2% see them as a liberation army. This is evidenced by the results of a public opinion poll conducted in Iraq on the order of the country's Provisional Coalition Administration. 11% of respondents have confidence in the coalition administration, while in November 2003. this figure was 47%. (90)
• Half of Iraq's population are children under 15 years of age. (28)
• 53-year-old American Harvey John "Jack" McGeorge, who works as the "UN inspector for the disarmament of Iraq," recently successfully completed "advanced training courses for sex slaves" in America. The courses taught how to use knives and ropes. He himself is the head of America's largest sado-masochistic organization, the Leather Leadership Conference. Prior to his appointment as an inspector in Iraq, he served in the CIA. (24)
• On January 14, 2004, the human rights organization Human Rights Watch published a report stating that some US tactics in Iraq are in violation of the Geneva Conventions, including bombings of residential buildings that "cannot be justified by military necessity." The report accuses the US Army of detaining and detaining Iraqi civilians on the sole basis that they are relatives of the fugitives. (60)
• The US is the biggest violator of all UN resolutions on Iraq. (24)
• Baghdad. The city, which had never seen drugs until March 2003, was already flooded with drugs, including heroin, in May, within days of the Americans declaring victory. (62) The CIA is known to be the largest supplier of drugs. 2005: in the context of the war in Iraq and the global anti-terrorist campaign, a new threat to US national security emerged, and from a rather unexpected direction. The intelligence agencies exposed dozens of American servicemen in cooperation with the enemy - drug dealers. The FBI has been forced to launch a major investigation to find out how common this phenomenon is in the United States military and law enforcement, ABC has learned. According to government sources, two recent operations have been carried out, the results of which "create an alarming picture." (104)

• February 2004 The Independent published an article reporting that approximately 1,000 people are killed by US soldiers every week in "peaceful" Iraq. And this is an approximate figure, since there is evidence of a more significant number of victims. The traces of every incident in Iraq are carefully covered, especially when it comes to the death of American soldiers as a result of attacks by the Iraqi resistance. Those who have visited Baghdad unanimously assert that the capital, which is quiet during the day, turns into a battlefield at night. Although President George W. Bush announced an end to hostilities months ago, the war continues in Iraq.(63)
• The US Congress first decided on an embargo against Iraq not in 1990, after the start of the war with Kuwait, but in 1989, when Hussein called on the countries of the Middle East to unite in order to become more independent from the US. (64)
• Saddam started the Iran-Iraq war after Iranian provocations, one of which was the assassination attempt on Tariq Aziz. It was the Iranian leader, Ayatollah Khomeini, who refused to sign the peace treaty, which caused the war to drag on for eight years. US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger said he hoped this war "would go on for as long as possible, with as many deaths as possible on both sides." After all, the United States never tolerated Middle Eastern states capable of resisting Israel and attacked Iran, Lebanon, Syria and the Palestinians... And Iraq ardently supported the Palestinians.(64)
• ESSO, Shell and British Petroleum are among the top 15 TNCs. Until 1958 they colonized and plundered Iraq. Thrown out by the national liberation revolution, they have not lost their desire to seize again the Iraqi oil reserves. And they want to squeeze out their French and Russian competitors (Total and Lukoil). (64)
• there is every reason to believe that the terrorist attacks carried out on the territory of Iraq in 2003 against the Shiites were the work of the US intelligence services. They hoped to quarrel the Shiites and Sunnis in this way in order to prevent them from uniting in a united front against the invaders. The attacks were carried out mainly near Shia mosques, no one took responsibility.
• Most of the 250 Czech soldiers rebelled in Kuwait. They do not want to participate in the war against Iraq. The mass export of puppets by aircraft of the Czech airline began. (24)
• 10.2003. The popularity of former Iraqi President Saddam Hussein among the inhabitants of the country is growing rapidly. Dozens of newborns named after the dictator are reported, which was not observed even during his reign. In settlements where Sunnis live, there are constant clashes between the military and civilians, often ending in victory for the latter. In fact, the interim administration does not control these areas and tries in every possible way to hide the facts of its impotence. The people of Iraq are dissatisfied with the fact that the Americans are ready to use weapons for any reason. You can die under fire from coalition forces in today's Iraq by installing a television antenna and even performing morning prayers. There are also frequent cases of looting among the US military, which naturally go unpunished. All this leads to a certain "nostalgia" for the overthrown regime. (fifteen)
• February 15 and 16, 2003 went down in history as the days when the LARGEST WORLD ANTI-IMPERIALIST ACTION ON THE PLANETARY SCALE was held. Up to 20 million people took part in the global protest against the war with Iraq. A round-the-clock storm of popular anger swept over all the continents of the Earth. Protests were held with great success in America, Asia, Africa, Europe, Australia and Oceania, and even on the ice continent - in Antarctica. Many actions took place around the clock, which significantly constrained the forces of the gendarmes and the police. Actions were simultaneously held in 400 cities of 60 countries of the world. Against this background, Russia looked painfully shameful, where, through the efforts of all leftist parties, a little more than a thousand Protestants were gathered in Moscow. (48)
• As for Iraq, which accused the inspectors of espionage, this accusation turned out to be solid. The Washington Post reported on January 8, 1999 that "UN inspectors helped gather information used by the US in its attempts to overthrow the Iraqi regime." SS Today was clearly aware of this spy story as it ran an editorial justifying the spying. In the article "Espionage Was Only a Sideline" (January 8, 1999), the newspaper stated that "spying on Saddam Hussein is not new and needs no apology. Also, Iraq did not 'export' the inspectors; in fact, they were recalled by Richard Butler, head of a team of inspectors, The Washington Post, like many other media outlets, truthfully reported this at the time (12/17/98): "Butler ordered his inspectors to leave Baghdad, in anticipation of a military attack, on Tuesday night."(65)
• On the eve of the Iraq War, British intelligence, at the request of Washington, helped the United States spy on UN delegates. At the end of January 2003, the UK Government Communications Authority was ordered to assist the United States in eavesdropping on the conversations of members of the UN Security Council. The US needed the help of British experts in installing "bugs" in the apartments and offices of representatives of Angola, Cameroon, Chile, Bulgaria, Pakistan, etc. At that time, the US was trying to get the Security Council to approve its anti-Iraq plans. The US request was outlined in a memo compiled by the US National Security Agency (NSA). Its text in March last year became known to the Observer newspaper, which immediately published some of its details; She has already been charged with disclosing state secrets. (67) Telephone conversations were also tapped between UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan and Hans Blix, former head of UN inspectors in Iraq. (69)
• when more than a million cheering Shiites marched through the streets of the Iraqi city of Karbala in late April, the US media was quick to declare the demonstration "a spontaneous expression of joy over the liberation of Iraq." There was a clear stretch. For with what joy is it that they wound themselves with chains and daggers? In fact, mourning ceremonies were held in Karbala in memory of the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad - Imam Hussein. (72)

Killed while trying to surrender

• Since there is a clear lack of those willing to fight and die for it in Iraq in "patriotic" America, Bush was forced to go for a publicity stunt - now every foreigner who wants to get American citizenship for free and quickly gets this opportunity if he agrees to fight for his future homeland in Iraq. (31)
• Since the beginning of the military operation against Iraq by the end of December 2003, about 1,700 American servicemen have deserted from units belonging to the occupation corps.(38)
• America constantly repeats how terrible the Hussein regime was, because he used chemical weapons against civilians. In fact, when this happened, America was not at all embarrassed by such behavior. On the contrary, the United States secretly assisted Iraq in military planning even after the use of chemical weapons by Hussein became widely known. And Rumsfeld, in 1984 he was a special envoy of the Reagan administration, went to Iraq, trying to convince the authorities there that America wanted to improve relations with President Saddam Hussein. (36)
• The accusation that Iraq used chemical weapons against its citizens is a well-known argument. One of his hard evidence is the fact of a gas attack on Iraqi Kurds in the city of Halabja at the end of the 8-year Iran-Iraq war (March 1988). The state of the organs of the dead Kurds, however, indicated that they were killed by cyanide-based gas used by Iran. The Iraqis did not possess such poisonous substances at the time and used mustard gas in battle. These facts were in the public domain for a long time, but, unusually, the more often the Halabya ​​case was exaggerated, the less often they were mentioned. (59)
• "Hero" of the Iraq War, US Army private Jessica Lynch, who came under fire in Iraq in March, was captured and "liberated" by American soldiers, was again rescued. This time - from the scandal associated with the publication of photographs in the press, in which a 20-year-old blonde from West Virginia was captured naked in the company of two "comrades in arms". An unexpected savior turned out to be the publisher of the pornographic magazine Hustler, Larry Flynt, who bought sensational pictures for an unknown amount for publication, but took pity on the girl and decided not to print them. In her latest interviews, she did not discuss the topic of photographs, but more frankly than before, she said that the whole story of her "martyr" stay in captivity and heroic liberation from an Iraqi hospital was invented in the Pentagon. “This is not about me,” she told the AP news agency. “I don’t want to take credit for something I didn’t do.” (66) A remarkable story happened to this Jessica Lynch. She is the only "heroine" of the American invasion of Iraq. The official version of her "feat" is as follows: the convoy where she was traveling was attacked, many Americans were killed, and she herself fired back to the last bullet until she lost consciousness from her wounds. In captivity, she was tortured, but she did not say anything, and then she was rescued by a special forces unit during a brilliant operation. The truth turned out to be more banal: the detachment was indeed attacked, and out of fright she drove into the car in front, was injured in the collision, then woke up in an Iraqi hospital. There she was well fed and her wounds looked after. Then the Americans came and to their surprise found that there were no Iraqi soldiers in the hospital, and the doctors fled in horror at the sight of them. That's all, no one tortured her, no one heroically saved her, and she herself did nothing outstanding.
• Who did the Americans put in place of the terrible dictator Hussein? Ahmed Chalabi, sentenced in absentia to 22 years in prison for 31 cases of embezzlement, theft, misuse of depositors' funds and currency speculation. Previously, he was one of the most influential businessmen in Jordan, thanks to him millions of dollars belonging to depositors were transferred to other accounts of the Chalabi family empire - in Switzerland, Lebanon and London, from where they did not return. (35)
• Polls. Russia. 09/21/2003. When will the US return independence to Iraq? Never – 41%. About a year later - 6%. When Iraq runs out of oil - 41%. By the end of the current (2003) year - 1%. In four years - 11%. (30) 03/20/2003. Why is there an invasion? Establish control over the region - 28%, save the American economy and the dollar - 26%, overthrow Saddam Hussein - 6%, destroy a united Europe - 5%, get Iraqi oil - 36%. (30) 04/03/2003. PLEASE TELL ME IN THE CONFLICT BETWEEN THE USA AND IRAQ, WHICH SIDE DO YOU LIKE ON: THE SIDE OF THE USA, THE SIDE OF IRAQ, OR NEITHER SIDE? On the side of Iraq - 57%. On the side of the USA - 3%. For no one - 35%. Difficult to answer - 5%. (8) March, 2004. IN YOUR OPINION, WERE AMERICANS IN GENERALLY RIGHT OR WRONG BY LAUNCHING A MILITARY OPERATION IN IRAQ? Wrong - 81%, correct - 5%, difficult to answer - 14%. March, 2004. IN YOUR VIEW, WHAT GOALS WERE THE AMERICANS pursuing when they started the military operation in Iraq? Actions related to the financial and economic interests of the United States - 45% (in Moscow - 57%), strengthening the presence in the region - 9%, a demonstration of power - 4%, then goes on trifles, and believes Bush himself with his statements about the fight against terrorism 2% of Russians. (79) April, 2004. WHICH SIDE ARE YOUR sympathizers on - THE IRAQI SIDE, THE AMERICANS' SIDE, OR NEITHER SIDE? On the side of the Americans - 4%, the Iraqis - 48%, no one - 38%, it is difficult to answer - 10%. (85)
• Provocations. In recent months, Americans have consistently reported attacks by Iraqi guerrillas on civilians. It's impossible! Partisans who hope for the support of the people, and who are, in principle, the people themselves, would not harm themselves and their families. They would not poison all the drinking water of entire cities, as the Americans claim, they would not kill their children and women. But the Americans have always done this: both in Vietnam and in other conflicts, they either staged similar provocations themselves or hired collaborators from the local population. The goal is simple - to discredit the partisans in order to have some evidence that they are in fact terrorists.
• Iraq ended its weapons of mass destruction programs in the mid-1990s and posed no threat to the US before the start of the war. This is stated in the report of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, published in January 2004. One of the authors of the report, Joseph Cirincione, said in an interview with the American television company CNN that on the eve of the war intelligence advisers were pressured by official persons in Washington. Then, at the end of active hostilities, months-long searches for nuclear, biological and chemical weapons followed. No weapons caches, however, were found. Not a single weapon, not a single component that the administration believed existed, was found, the foundation expert said. (56)

Under a false pretense, the American occupier slipped an Iraqi child a cardboard box that read "Lcpl Boudreaux killed my dad, then he knocked my sister up."

• On October 12, 2003, Patrick Cockburn described in The Independent how US soldiers in Iraq bulldozed date palms and orange and lemon orchards in central Iraq, a new policy of collectively punishing farmers for refusing to inform on guerrillas. According to the Iraqis themselves, the Americans thus doomed them to starvation. (40)
• The British intelligence report on Iraq (2002), which became one of the arguments in favor of the war, was partially copied from the term paper of the Monterey Institute of International Studies student Ibrahim al-Marashi, which he wrote back in 1991. "They even copied my grammatical errors," - complains al-Marashi. Part of his work has undergone significant changes, in particular, some figures have been distorted. The authors of the British document also changed a number of phrases in order to exaggerate. For example, the Mukhabarat Iraqi intelligence service, as al-Marashi notes, is engaged in "monitoring foreign embassies in Iraq", in the British report it is already "spying on foreign embassies in Iraq." (70)
• 2004. An Independent Commission of the US Congress received a great number of government documents that shed light on the circumstances related to the events of September 11 and its consequences. Among these documents was a memorandum received by the White House from the Pentagon just a few days after the attacks. The memorandum was compiled by one of the most prominent officials of the military department, Douglas Feith. He, like Wolfowitz, Pearl, Libby, is a member of the "neoconservatives" group, which is very influential in the current administration. What ideas did Douglas Feith share with the White House? According to Newsweek magazine, the memorandum said that in the war on international terrorism, Afghanistan's strategic goals look too small and insignificant. Instead of strikes against al-Qaeda, it was proposed to bring down the US military power either on Iraq or on the countries of Southeast Asia, and even better - to send troops ... to Latin America. There is, they say, intelligence data that Iranian-backed Hezbollah terrorists are grouping in the border regions of Paraguay, Argentina and Brazil. The White House did not support the proposal. The president, of course, also did not want to "catcher flies", as he put it. A serious military campaign was dreamed of with a quick and brilliant victory over a serious enemy. However, Latin America is too much... We decided to accept the Wolfowitz plan: first Afghanistan and then Iraq. The data presented on Iraq were not confirmed either then or later. (95)
• As always, the Americans have shown that they can only destroy, not build. After the advertising campaign, as they will build schools and hospitals in Iraq, it turned out that the work in this direction is planned only symbolic, to divert eyes. Already in November 2003, all the funds allocated for this ended, but oil production is increasing every day. (32)
• 12/01/2004. The hostilities unleashed by the US in Iraq have led to the complete collapse of the country's healthcare system. This was reported by representatives of humanitarian organizations working in Iraq. According to a report presented by the Medact Foundation, in the regions of Iraq where hostilities took place, water supply and sewerage systems are practically destroyed, there are no medicines and medical equipment in hospitals, there are not enough specialist doctors. Humanitarian aid sent to the population from other countries is often not reaches its destinations – many cars and convoys fall prey to criminals because the measures taken by the US troops to protect them are not enough.(98)
• December 2003 - US infantry officer Allen West admitted to torturing prisoners in Iraq. However, he will not answer to the court, because he tortured in a state of stress (this was established by an internal investigation). That's human rights for you. (37) The torture of prisoners is used by the Americans very actively, which was repeatedly established when examining the dead in Iraqi prisons. About similar cases (with photos).
• December 2003 - Americans can't stand the flow of bad news from Iraq and, spitting on freedom of speech, they throw out of the country independent Arab TV channels that told the truth about what is happening. (39)
• 01/19/2005. In all countries, the majority of the population is negative about the fact that their fellow citizens are sent to serve in Iraq. (101)
• Bush planned to attack Iraq even before the events of 9/11. This was stated by former US Secretary of State Paul O'Neill on CBS television in early 2004. O'Neill claims that Bush has been discussing the possibility of replacing Hussein by military means since he took office, that is, since January 2001. (58)
• The editor of the Los Angeles Times banned journalists from referring to Iraqis fighting US soldiers as "Iraqi resistance fighters." Instead, newspapermen were asked (that is, obliged) to use other words, in particular "militants" and "bandits". What happened during the Vietnam War is now being repeated. The Vietnamese, who are fighting against the United States, have turned from "backward savages who do not understand their happiness" into "reds", "commies", "bandits" and "macaques". (41) Iraqis, by the way, are called Ali Baba in America.
• Mass graves of Amer. have already been found. soldier in Iraq. It became known that in this way the United States is trying to get rid of the bodies in order to underestimate the number of its losses. Usually soldiers who are not US citizens but serve in the Amer. are buried in this way. army in the hope of obtaining permission for permanent residence in America. (55) How Americans Hush Up Their War Losses for Decades. At this link you can see some photos from such mass graves, but I do not recommend it for the faint of heart.
• 2006. Due to inter-ethnic violence, about 100 thousand Iraqi families were forced to leave their homes. According to Iraqi Vice President Adil Abdul-Mahdi, 90% of these families are Shiites. According to him, most of them were able to take only things that they could carry on themselves. (106)
• On October 22, 2003, the Washington Post reported that the US Bush administration had ordered the Pentagon not to allow media coverage of the delivery of dead American soldiers from Iraq. The blockade of casualty reports is part of the White House's effort to portray the Iraqi nightmare as "good news." At the same time, the administration is demanding that ostensible achievements be described and shown, such as the issuance of the US-designed new Iraqi money. Media owned by large companies generally comply with this requirement. (42)

• Large donors to George W. Bush's election campaigns have benefited most of the $8 billion in government contracts to rebuild Iraq. (43)
• The disdainful attitude of the American administration even towards its soldiers is surprising. Many of the wounded after being discharged from the hospital - often crippled for life! - found that they still owed money for food during treatment. Approximately 600 wounded reservists are awaiting treatment at Fort Stewart, Georgia. They were housed in cinder-block barracks from World War II, with no running water or air conditioning. Wounded soldiers (many on crutches) have to walk 30 meters to unsanitary communal toilets. They buy toilet paper at their own expense. When some of the reservists told the newspapers about these conditions, some of the 400 wounded on Tuesday, October 21, were lined up on the parade ground in the morning, and senior officers chastised them for their talkativeness. These soldiers are mostly working class, often joining the army because of unemployment or in hopes of earning money for education. (42) Soldiers reported cases of casualties arriving from Iraq in April only reaching the operating table in July. As UPI correspondents were able to establish, many of them have to spend six hours a day under the door of a doctor's office, and still they cannot get an appointment with a specialist. At the same time, the soldiers themselves say that even in the case when one of them manages to get to the doctor, doctors usually try to prove that the diseases they received in Iraq and other places were caused by reasons not related to military service. . The soldiers believe that the army thus wants to deprive them of the right to receive a pension. (44)
• Kuwaiti oil wells at the last stage of the Iraqi-American war in 1991 were set on fire not by Iraqis, but by US special forces. This was reported to the press by veterans of this war. The sabotage was commissioned by Bush so that the oil firms controlled by his family in Texas could cash in on the recovery of Kuwait's oil industry. (89)
• Britain's participation in the military operation in Iraq undermined Tony Blair's authority. In early May, he received the title of "most unloved" compatriot from the British. The results of a survey of 100,000 Britons, which was conducted by the fourth channel of British television in early May, were recognized by experts as stunning, sociologists explained them by the exclusively negative attitude of the British to the use of force against Iraq. (34)
• 2004 - The United States admitted that it did not find Ukrainian-made Kolchuga radar systems in Iraq. "We did not find the Kolchuga complexes in Iraq, and their transfer could not have happened," Steven Pifer, Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for European and Eurasian Affairs, said speaking at congressional hearings. The US administration has long suspected Ukraine of transferring its military equipment to Saddam Hussein in violation of international sanctions. (86)
• The largest operation to smuggle Iraqi oil in violation of the UN oil-for-food program was carried out with the knowledge of the US government, according to the Financial Times. According to the publication, the illegal operation, which was carried out in January 2003, involved 14 tankers, which were loaded with 7 million barrels of Iraqi oil.(100)
• 01/12/2005. The Catholic Church, famous until now for its support of fascist Germany, has now declared that it fully supports the American aggression in Iraq. face trend. (99)
• 2004 - a high-profile international scandal began, which revealed corruption and links with criminals of UN officials from the Oil for Food program in 1996-2003. Evidence has emerged that senior UN officials, including Secretary General Kofi Annan, his son Kojo Annan, and UN Under Secretary General Benon Sevan, embezzled billions of dollars of funds that were supposed to go to humanitarian aid to the Iraqi people. This money was transferred to the personal accounts of UN officials. At the center of the latest UN corruption scandal are Kofi Ananan's appointed oil-for-food program director Benon Sevan and Anan's son, Kojo Anan. Documents seized in Iraq prove that Sevan and Anan's son made very good money from the oil-for-food program, helping Saddam Hussein launder money, which then went to buy weapons for Hussein's regime and pay for Hussein's luxurious lifestyle. "Oil for food" was presented to the world as a humanitarian aid program. Iraqi civilians suffered the consequences of the trade embargo imposed by the world against the Hussein regime. Of course, this embargo did not affect Hussein's lifestyle: he lived with the luxury inherent in the ancient Babylonian kings. In 1995, the humanitarian thieves at the UN adopted Resolution 986, according to which a secretariat was created at the UN to deal with the "equal distribution of humanitarian aid." Under the program, Saddam could sell oil and purchase food, medicine, demining supplies, and the construction of schools, hospitals, and water treatment facilities. However, only a fraction of the money from the oil sold went towards these projects to alleviate the suffering of the Iraqis. Instead, the bulk of the money ended up in the pockets of Saddam, UN officials and contractors from Russia, France and China. Kofi's son Annan became an eight-figure consultant for the Swiss company Cotecna Inspection SA, which approved and monitored oil contracts under the Oil for Food program. Cotecna Inspection SA, Kojo Anan, and Benon Sevan are now prime suspects for embezzling Iraqi funds. But the sheer amount of embezzlement, and the length of time it took place, points to the complicity of hundreds of senior UN officials. (80)
• April 2004 - An uprising against the invaders began in Iraq. The picture captures the moment at a press conference on April 18, one of the occupiers faints when asked about the situation in Fallujah, the center of the uprising, where the Americans killed many hundreds of civilians and wounded thousands. Seems like a nasty question. The right photo shows a sports ground in Fallujah, which was turned into a graveyard of shelling victims during the American blockade. 125 civilians found peace there. In the fall of that year, the Americans staged a massacre in Fallujah that claimed the lives of thousands of civilians. Absolutely horrific photos taken a few days after the end of this "military operation" can be viewed, but this is not for the faint of heart.

• During the Gulf War, hatred of Iraq was pumped up with heartbreaking footage of Green volunteers washing poor birds in an oil slick spilled by brutal Iraqis with soap. Shortly thereafter, a message was published that these were footage from a report filmed in Alaska, where a tanker sat on the rocks, spilling 70,000 tons of oil. That is, it was loudly stated that the leading TV channels of the whole world deliberately falsified information. So what? No effect. No parliamentary hearings, no appeals to the courts, no UN resolutions. (29)
• many questions arise in connection with the arrest of Hussein. The Americans are obviously afraid that the ex-dictator might say too much at the Shemyakin trial, which they initially wanted to arrange for him. Therefore, they now claim that Hussein has cancer, he may not live to see the trial at all. (81)
• 2004 - no serious work is being done to restore the country in Iraq. There is massive unemployment in the country. The population is in poverty because the occupiers were unable to provide electricity and clean water. Iraqis are not trusted: people from Southeast Asia and the Philippines were brought to clean the barracks. (47)
• 2001 - Details of the atrocities of American soldiers during the 1991 Gulf War became known. Based on interviews with soldiers, American journalist Seymour Hersh managed to collect evidence of the crimes and publish them on 35 pages in the New Yorker magazine. On March 2, 1991, two days after the armistice, US soldiers invaded the city of Rumaila. The soldiers fired literally at everything they saw. Iraqi civilians were shot in their cars. 380 Iraqi soldiers surrendered. The Americans took away their weapons, piled them up and blew them up. And after that they opened fire on the prisoners and killed everyone - 380 people. It is also reported how the Americans discovered a weapons depot left by the Iraqi army in a village. After that, all the inhabitants of this village were exterminated: women, children, old people. (88)
• In America, more and more often they block access to independent information about Iraq (that is, to information cleared of American propaganda). This is especially true for Internet pages, for example. electronicIraq.net In Iraq itself, tougher methods of combating freedom of speech are being used. For example, when 2 Reuters correspondents dared to film a burning Amer. helicopter, they just opened fire on them, and then arrested. A US military spokesman said Reuters correspondents fired at them with machine guns and hand grenade launchers. (52)
• 85% of young Americans can't find Iraq on a map (and 11% can't find the United States itself). (91)
• "... one of the high-ranking members of Al-Qaeda, Ibn al-Sheikh al-Libi, was extradited by the United States to Egypt in January 2002. Later in January 2004, al-Libi stated that he had confessed to the terrorists' links with the former Iraqi leadership in order to avoid torture. As early as March 2004, the CIA recognized the intelligence based on his testimony as untrustworthy. Meanwhile, in February 2002, American military intelligence in its report questioned the reliability of the information provided by al-Libi about the ties between Iraq and Al- Qaeda. The scouts already knew that the terrorist had been extradited to Egypt and suspected that his testimony could have been given under torture. (105)
• 2005. The American occupiers and their Iraqi puppets keep over 17,000 politically arrested Iraqis in their Gulag. The vast majority of them have not faced any charges.(103)
• during the capture of Baghdad, the Americans tried to imitate the people's love and happiness of the "liberated" Iraqis. To do this, they showed a close-up of the "crowd", which, well, was very happy about the destruction of the statue of Hussein. In fact, everything was somewhat different. The performance was staged on the square in front of the hotel, where there were international journalists, it was for them that the staging was intended. Let's look at the photo. Circled in yellow are American tanks, in red is a statue of Saddam, a tiny crowd of "people" (rather a collection of several people), members of the press and soldiers. As it turned out, the Iraqis who took part in the filming were brought to Iraq a couple of days before by the Americans. Look at the two bottom photos, their leader Ahmed Chalabi is circled in red at the entrance to Iraq and already in the form of a simple Iraqi guy on the square in front of the Palestine Hotel. A. Chalabi is an American puppet who they promised a lot of power and money in the post-war government. By the way, in several countries he was put on the wanted list for financial fraud. See photo with explanations:

• efforts to link Iraqis directly to Osama bin Laden have failed. (59) 2003. The war in Iraq has boosted the popularity of the international terrorist organization al-Qaeda, according to the latest edition of the International Institute for Strategic Studies (MISS) study, The Military Balance, published on Wednesday.(84)

• Pamphlets have been handed out to US servicemen in Iraq calling for prayers for President George W. Bush. The call for this is contained in one of the sections of the prayer book. The prayer book contains the text of the prayer: "In a time of doubt and confusion, I fervently pray for you, your family, your cadres, and also for our troops. May the god of peace be your guide." At the same time, the booklet contains prayers for the president for every day. (77)
• The Iraqis are in no hurry to defend with their breasts the invaders and the regime they have established. For example, in just two weeks in April 2004, 20-25% of the Iraqi army and law enforcement personnel left their jobs or went over to the warring side. This is partly facilitated by the low salary of collaborators and the constant threat to life from not only partisans, but even their own relatives. (78)
• 2005. 44% of Iraqi children over the age of 10 are forced to leave school due to poverty and insecurity in the country. This is evidenced by the results of a survey conducted by the Ministry of Planning and Development of Iraq with the participation of the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). According to the study, 87% of children in Iraq would like to continue their studies and get an education, but circumstances are pushing them into the labor market. (102)
• 2004. Dia Rashwan, an Egyptian political scientist at Al-Ahram University in Cairo, "one of the few Arab experts on terror", in an interview with the Austrian newspaper Die Presse, praised the role of the United States in the growth of the religious self-consciousness of Muslim peoples: “With its reaction to September 11, the United States helped the Islamists a lot. In the late 1990s, the image of militant Islamists fell in the Arab world after bloody attacks in Egypt and Algeria. After the Afghan and Iraqi wars, their star rose again as freedom fighters against foreign occupation. Islamists have never enjoyed such high prestige in the Arab world as they do now.”. (97)
• Americans would not be Americans if they did not distinguish themselves by their bestial attitude towards local "non-humans". The peacekeeping forces constantly receive accusations of mistreatment of the civilian population, of "contempt and rudeness." (33) When attacking an American patrol, the Americans usually shoot anyone who is within their reach. There is a known case when an American tank simply crushed an Iraqi car with two civilians sitting in it in front of many witnesses. The Americans did not even pay attention to this and calmly drove on. They are so intimidating. (46) Incidentally, this is not an isolated case. On July 19, 2004, in the Iraqi city of Baakuba, an American tank also ran into a civilian car, crushing a girl and injuring four more people (92). Just a few days later, on July 23, as a result of a similar incident on a road 27 km north of the Iraqi capital, 9 Iraqis were killed and 10 more were injured. (93) In December 2003 another demonstration took place in Baghdad against the coalition and for Saddam. The American army came and cordoned off the entire block. They just broke into the school, into every classroom with weapons. They searched for the children who participated in the demonstration using photographs taken during the demonstration. They literally dragged some schoolchildren by their clothes across the floor from the classrooms. The invaders used tear gas against schoolchildren and fired over their heads to intimidate them. One student was beaten so that his arm was broken. They had electric sticks and beat schoolchildren. Some vomited, some cried, and all the children were very scared. The school was surrounded by tanks, helicopters were circling over it... The children were released only after 10-12 hours of interrogation. (50) In early January 2004, the Americans broke into the Al-Tabul Mosque, located on the western outskirts of the Iraqi capital, and ransacked it. The invaders desecrated the Quran, the holy book of Muslims, tearing out a page from it, took away a donation box and a computer, beat several Iraqis and took away more than 30 people. The actions of American soldiers caused a violent protest from local residents. About 1,500 people gathered at the walls of the mosque. They accused American soldiers of shamelessly trampling on religious traditions and desecrating sacred objects. Of course, they did not receive an apology. (51) The Americans demand that for each cleared mine and unexploded bomb they be given one guerrilla. Mines, of course, remain lying. Some agricultural areas are already almost unsuitable for work, because. peasants are undermined all the time by American "gifts". Invaders clear mine only those objects that they themselves need. Residential areas, villages, and civilian facilities are bombed daily in "peaceful" Iraq. (52) There are arrests of trade unionists who organized meetings of the unemployed (and in January 2004 there were 70% of the population). No rallies - no problem. The working day in Iraq is now 11-13 hours, the average salary is 60 dollars a month, the Americans are forbidden to pay any bonuses and raise wages so that they do not have to spend a lot on rebuilding the country. However, a year after the outbreak of hostilities, even in Baghdad, no restoration work is being carried out. People have become so impoverished that they are forced to search for food in large numbers in landfills and trash cans. (53) Money and gold are constantly missing from houses where US soldiers searched. (54)

Articles about Americans in Iraq

• "REFERENCE ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES OF NATO'S OPERATION IN THE PERSIAN GULF".
• UNESCO STATISTICS ON INCREASED DEATHS IN IRAQ AS A RESULT OF SANCTIONS.
• YAMIN ZAKARIA "FANATICS AND WAR CRIMINALS".
• "AMERICAN BUDANOV". "GOOD MORNING, BAGHDAD".
• "LOADING OF IRAQI TREASURES CONTINUES."
• SALAM KHALID "BLACK SKY". "FASCIST REGIME USA".
• US MILITARY TORTURED ONE OF THE PROMINENT IRAQI MILITARY AFTER HUSSEIN'S ARMY DESTROYED, THE WASHINGTON POST REPORTED.
• "THE PEOPLE'S HERO APPEARED IN IRAQ - SNIPER JUBA".
• "WARSAW BOUGHT THE RIGHT TO PILLAGE BABYLON".

PAGE 2:

• "Slaughterhouse after the war: "ROAD OF DEATH".
• "WALKING IN THREE PINE" (EXCERPT).
• "IN IRAQ".
• "CIA PROPOSED AHMAD CHALABI TO ORGANIZE THE SHELLING OF THE UN REPRESENTATION IN ARBIL - INTERVIEW" ESPRESSO ".
• SERGEY ILYIN, ALEXANDER KOGAN "WHY IRAQ IS NOT AMERICA".
• VYACHESLAV TETEKIN "YANKS IN IRAQ - HUMANISTS WITH SWASTIKA".
• MICHAEL HOSSUDOWSKI "WEAVED ENEMY".
• VASILY SAFRONCHUK "BARBARS OF THE XXI CENTURY".
• RUSTEM VAKHITOV "BY THE FIRE ON THE SPITTER. "WE GO TO YOUR SOUL".
• A HORRIBLE RECOGNITION BY AMERICOS".
• ANDREY RAYZFELD "THE BASIC INSTINCT OF THE LIBERALS. ALONE WITH THE SCREEN".

PAGE 3 :

• "IRAQ GENOCIDE IN THE EYES OF A WESTERN MAN IS THE MOST TOXIC WAR".
• AUNT SAM'S FAILURE.
• "BLAIR DIDN'T RELY ON INTELLIGENCE WHEN TALKING ABOUT THE IRAQI THREAT."
• NA NAROCHNITSKAYA "CARTHAGE OF THE PERSIAN GULF MUST BE DESTROYED!"
• SERGEY BORISOV "A SPY IS IN THE HEAD OF IRAQ".
• "BLOWING UP ABRAMS. PHOTO AND VIDEO".
• ANDREW BUNKOMBE "US ARMY SHOOTS IRAQ'S PEOPLE".
• VLADIMIR ROGACHEV "SEPARATE CRIMES".

PAGE four :

• HISTORY OF OIL WARS.

PAGE 5 :

• "WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION IN IRAQ - BUSH'S "GREAT LIE" AND THE CRISIS OF AMERICAN IMPERIALISM".
• "US GOVERNMENT INVOLVED IN IRAQI MUSEUM ROBBERY".
• "G. BUSH: IRAQ IS CAPTURED BECAUSE IT COULD PRODUCE WMD."
• VYACHESLAV TETEKIN "ORANGE SYNDROME".
• "A YEAR AND A HALF AFTER THE US INVASION IN IRAQ, THE UN SECTOR GENERAL RECOGNIZED IT ILLEGAL."
• PAVEL AKSENOV "FALLUJA, MOsul, FURTHER EVERYWHERE".
• "You can't lure a soldier into the US army for $20,000."
• "REVELATIONS FROM A US Marine: 'There Are NO Rules For Us Roadblock Killers in Iraq'"

PAGE 6 :

• "WAR, OLIGARCHY AND POLITICAL LIES".
• DAHR JAMAYL "AMERICANS UNDERGRATE THE REAL LOSSES OF THEIR TROOPS".
• ANDREY SMIRNOV "HOW GOOD TO BE A GENERAL (AMERICAN)".
• "US OCCUPANTS USE HITLER HOSTAGE-TAKING IN IRAQ."
• "FATHERAL BURNING OF AMERICAN SOLDIERS IN IRAQ".
• "GUN FOULDER FOR THE IRAQI WAR (FROM HBO)".
• KONSTANTIN KRYLOV "SHOCOTHERAPY".
• "S.HUSSEIN WAS CAUGHT NOT LIKE THE AMERICANS APPROVED."
• "IRAQI HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDERS SAY SECRET PRISONS IN THE COUNTRY".
• "IN PRISON" ABU GRAIB "EXCEPT ADULTS THEY HAVE CHILDREN."

PAGE 7 :

• "Slaughter in Samarra - Lies and self-deception of America".
• "HOW THE ENGLISH BOMBED IRAQ IN THE TWENTIES".
• R.B. ZHDANOVICH "VICTORY OF PROPAGANDA".
• HAKIM MIRZOEV "Lords of the Flies".
• VASILY SAFRONCHUK "AMERICA WANTS TO BURY THE UN".

PAGE eight :

• "BAGHDAD: MARINES AGAINST ALI-BABA",
• "IRAQ - GULAG", OPERATION "BLOODY NECKS" - ABOUT THE BARBARIAN ACTIONS OF THE AMERICANS IN IRAQ.
• INTERVIEW WITH SILVAN CONTOJEREMIS (DESERTER FROM THE AMERICAN ARMY TALKS ABOUT SERVING WITH UNCLE SAM).
• VLAD SMOLENTSEV "AND THE OCCUPANTS FLEW TO THE GROUND...".
• "IRAQ IS BECOMING A DEMOCRACY: CORRUPTION IS FLOWING".
• JAMES PETRAS "NEW YORK DIARY - "The Crush of Fallujah".
• "10 THOUSAND IRAQIS ARE AGAINST "AMERICAN TERRORISM"".
• "WANT TO LEARN".
• "GERMAN TELEVISION: US USE NAPALM IN IRAQ".
• "MARKET ECONOMY HAS COME TO IRAQ: THOSE WHO CAN'T PAY ARE EVICTED FROM APARTMENTS CAR MATCHES".
• HEIKE WIPPERFURT "WAR FOR MANY IS GOOD BUSINESS".
• IVAN ANDREICHEV "WAR HELPED THE USA GET ON FEET".
• "DURING THE YEAR CRIME IN BAGHDAD INCREASED 50 TIMES".
• MIKHAIL CHERNOV "USA IS CREATING THE FIFTH COLUMN".
• "IRAQ: AMERICANS USED CHEMICAL WEAPONS".
• "NOTHING POLITICAL. THIS IS BUSINESS."
• "NEW YORK MAYOR DOES NOT AUTHORIZE DEMONSTRATION AGAINST IRAQ WAR."
• "NEW EVIDENCE OF HARASSING IN IRAQ PUBLISHED".
  VYACHESLAV TETEKIN "BOMB TRAPS ARE WAITING FOR THEM".

PAGE 9 :

• FEATURES OF THE NATIONAL "JAMPER".
• VALERY EGOZARYAN "LIFE BEHIND THE RED LINE".
• "IRAQ: US SERVICE PERSONS TRAINING IN ISRAEL".
• "IRAQI ATHLETES AFTER THE OLYMPIAD WILL FIGHT AGAINST THE USA".
• "US WAR CRIMES IN NAJAF".
• NIALL GREEN "NORWAY - 'ANTI-TERRORISM' INVESTIGATION EXPOSES US CONSENTING TORTURE IN NORTHERN IRAQ."
• VYACHESLAV TETEKIN "It's time to figure it out: WHO REALLY IS TAAKERS AND HOSTAGES".

PAGE ten :

• "FROM STALINGRAD TO BAGHDAD" (1st AMERICAN AGGRESSION IN IRAQ).
• "ALMOST THREE-QUARTERS OF POLES OBJECT TO THE PARTICIPATION OF POLISH MILITARY IN OPERATIONS IN IRAQ."
• GREG PALAST "CAPITALISM IS A RISK BUSINESS".
• A. TOLSTOBROV "INFORMATION WAR OF THE USA AND THE GREAT BRITAIN DURING THE MILITARY OPERATION AGAINST IRAQ".

PAGE eleven :

• "WHITE HOUSE LIES ABOUT IRAQ AND SADDAM 237 TIMES".
• JAMES KONAKI "IRAQ - THE HORRIBLE AND STRANGE DEATH OF NICK BERG".
• ANDREY KRUSHINSKY "SMART" BOMB OF MAD AMERICA".
• KATE RANDALL "EXPOSING AMERICAN LIES - KURDS KNOW NOTHING ABOUT "TERRORISM POISON FACTORY""
• "IRAQIANS STATE THAT THE OCCUPATION AUTHORITIES STRICTLY CONTROL INFORMATION COMING FROM THE COUNTRY."
• "TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN ORGANS IS FLOWING IN IRAQ."
• "US SOLDIERS ARE COVERED BY THE RESIDENTS OF FALLUJAH."

PAGE 12 :

• KIRILL KAMENSKY "VICTORY OF THE USA IS PURE BETRAYAL".
• "UK SECRET ARMY IN IRAQ: REAL ARMIES OF ARMED GUARDS ALLEGED TO BE CIVILIANS".
• "THE FIRST FRUITS OF IRAQI "FREEDOM" ARE PROSTITUTES AND PORNO SALON".
• "Scorched Land of Lies".
• "DEMOCRACY" COMES TO BAGHDAD: THE NUMBER OF KILLS INCREASED 50 TIMES.
• "US ARMY: MARAUDERS AND VANDALS".
• "Rampant looting in the AGGRESSOR TROOPS. AMERICAN SOLDIERS STEAL NOT ONLY MUSEUM VALUES."
• "AMERICAN JOURNALISTS WERE LOOKING TOO"
• V. NESTEROV "AMERICAN SOLDIERS WILL HAVE HEADS".
• "WMD WILL BE FOUND IN IRAQ, EVEN IF IT HAS TO BE PLACED."
• "US MILITARY DISCOVERED US-MADE WEAPONS IN BAGHDAD."
• THE AMERICANS LIE TO START A WAR. THE UN DID NOT FIND ANY PROOF OF SADDAM'S LINK TO AL-Qaeda.
• N. KLEIN "PAUL BREMER, PROCONSUL OF THE PROVINCE OF MESOPOTAMIA".
• A. DRABKIN "ACUTE ANGLE".
• "ORDINARY BUSHISM. ANTI-WAR DEMONSTRATES WILL BE SENT IN PRISON FOR 25 YEARS IN OREGON."
• "AGGRESSORS BOMB MONUMENTS OF ISLAMIC CULTURE".
• "ANOTHER US SPIT TO THE SIDE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW. THE US USE PROHIBITED WEAPONS IN IRAQ."
  R. MEISINGER "PATRIOTS AGAINST COUNTRY".
• "IN THE BATTLE FOR "FREEDOM OF SPEECH": CORPORATIONS OF ALL FOREIGN NEWS AGENCIES AND TELEVISION COMPANIES WERE BOMBED IN BAGHDAD".
• "BUSH FAMILY TRADITIONS".
• "THE EMPLOYEES OF THE BP AND SHELL OIL COMPANIES PARTICIPATED IN THE PLANNING OF THE IRAQ WAR OPERATIONS."
• "IN THE USA THE PROPAGANDA MACHINE IS LAUNCHED IN THE MOVIES".
• "US HIDES 500 DEAD SERVICE PERSONNEL IN PAKISTAN."
• A. DUBNOV "30 "UNCONDITIONAL ALLIES" OF BUSH".
• V. SERGEEV "BUSH WILL TEACH THE ARAB TO LOVE DEMOCRACY".
• A. ROMANOVSKY "MTV: BONDS ON BOMBS".
• V. Tsvetkova, A. Voznesensky "HORROR AND COMPASSION".
• D. MORRISON "THE HOSTAGES OF THE AMERICAN DEMOCRACY".
• R. TOWNSEND "Knights of provocation and sabotage".
• M. TRETYAKOV "THE PLANET DOES NOT WANT WAR WITH IRAQ".
• V. TETEKIN "BUSH HIMSELF IS BECOME A WORLD EVIL".
• D. SMITH "BOTTOMLESS BLACK HOLE".
• V. PRUSSAKOV "IS KUWAIT GOOD AFTER SADDAM?" "IN THE USA THE PHOTOS OF THE VICTIMS OF THE IRAQ WAR ARE BANNED".
• ELENA AGAPOV "AMERICANS SHUT UP AL JAZEERA".
• SERGEY BELUKHIN "US MILITARY INTELLIGENCE POILED IRAQIANS WITH DOGS".
• OLEG BAZAK "THE CHANGING GAS WERE INTO THE CAMERA, AND WE SCRAPED THE FOOD FROM THE FLOOR."
• YULIA VERNIK "THE PARENTS OF PERVERTS IN ABU GREIBE KNEW EVERYTHING".
• MIKHAIL CHECHEVITSKY "AMERICANS TORTURED REUTERS AND NBC JOURNALISTS".
• "UKRAINE ACCUSES US OF VIOLATION OF INTERNATIONAL LAW".
• AMERICA WILL BE DESTROYED BY "SUB-HUMANS".
• "FAMILY OF AMERICAN WHO REPORTED ABU GRAIB LIVES UNDER ARREST".
• SVETLANA STEPANENKO "UKRAINIANS WERE TORTURED IN ABU GRAIB PRISON".
• DMITRY PETROV "AMERICANS SAY THAT THEY LEARNED TOTORT THE CAPTIVERS FROM THE ISRAELIANS".
• DAVID ADELAIDE "US TORTURES RELOCATED FROM AFGHANISTAN TO IRAQ".
• "SPIEGEL: WITNESSES SAY TORTURE OF IRAQI CHILDREN IN PRISONS".
• "IRAQ: WP - AMERICANS IN 'ABU GRAIB' TOOK CHILDREN"

PAGE 17:

• "IRAQ'S NEW PRIME MINISTER WAS A CIA DIVERSEAL AGENT."
• BRIAN WHITETAKER "THIS IS ONLY GOOD TO PLACE UNDER A LAME DESK LEG."
• KONSTANTIN KOLONTAYEV "STORM OF LIES AROUND "STORM IN THE DESERT".
• ALLA NIKONOVA "WHAT AMERICANS THINK ABOUT THE WAR IN IRAQ".
• "WAITING FOR A REASON".
• RAFAEL BIKBAYEV "THE WASHING, THEN RIDING".
• "MASS MEDIA IN THE CONDITIONS OF WAR".
• RAFAEL BIKBAYEV "REVEALS CONTINUE",
• "YOU DEMONSTRATE ANXIETY..."
• JERRY WHITE "AN AMERICAN SECURITY FIRM IN IRAQ WITH EXPERIENCE IN THE SUPPRESSION OF UNION ACTIVITIES IN THE USA".
• ALEXEY AGUREYEV "DOCUMENTS ARE NOT SUBMITTED".
• "MAJORITY OF RUSSIANS AGAINST SENDING RUSSIAN TROOPS TO IRAQ".
• PETER SINGER "HIRED WARRIORS IN IRAQ".

Several video clips about how the Americans brought "freedom" to Iraq. The content is the suffering of the civilian population. Videos: 1 (350 kb), 2 (909 kb), 3 (860 kb), 4 (1.05 mb), 5 (1.95 mb), 6 (2.54 mb), 7 (1.64 mb) ), 8 (1.66 mb). Download file:

PAGE eighteen :

• "THE BEHAVIOR OF US SOLDIERS IN IRAQ LOOKS INCREDIBLY STRANGE TO IMMEDIATES OF A RICH COUNTRY."
• "9/11 COMMISSION JUSTIFIED SADDAM".
• "TRAGEDY OF IRAQI SCIENTISTS".
• "WORKERS AND PEOPLES OF THE WORLD UNITE AGAINST THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA'S PREPARATIONS FOR A THIRD WORLD WAR!"
• "WAR JOURNALISTS: WHAT ARE THEY SAYING TODAY?"
• IGOR RYTSIAK "POLISH MERCENES GO TO IRAQ".

PAGE 19 :

• A. ARSEENKO "DISPELLED MYTH ABOUT US SUPERWEAPON AND VICTIMS OF FRIENDLY FIRE IN IRAQ".
• "PENTAGON ACKNOWLEDGES IRAQ IS ATTACKED BECAUSE OF OIL".
• VLADIMIR KOZLOVSKY "USA IN IRAQ: THE PRICE OF VICTORY".
• "US MILITARY OPERATION IN IRAQ HELPING INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM".
• ANDREY VORONTSOV "LICENSE TO KILL AS A WAY TO DEMOCRATIZE THE COUNTRY".
• "AMBASSADOR OF UNGOOD WILL".
• "MEN WHO HAVE PARTICIPATED IN THE GULF WAR ARE LESS CAPABLE OF PROCESSING."
• "US SENATE COMMITTEE REPORT: THE CIA IS MADE TO LIE".
• "IRAQI GOVERNMENT THREATS SADDAM HUSSEIN'S ATTORNEYS WITH LITTLE, SAYS ONE OF IRAQ'S DEFENDERS"
• NAOMI KLEIN "RESTORATION...IN THE FORM OF PILLAGE".
• NATALIA BABASYAN "FOR AMERICANS IN IRAQ, THE MAIN ENEMY BECAME A RAPIST-CO-WORKER".
• "INDEPENDENT: BRITs PAY OFF ACCUSE OF MURDERING IRAQIANS".
• "SADDAM TOLD A LOT, BUT PRACTICALLY NOTHING."
• "ISRAIAN INVESTIGATORS WORK IN IRAQI PRISONS".
• I. SCHWARTZ "UNITY" OF THE IMPERIALISTS.
• "GUARDIAN: US STEALED SEVERAL BILLION DOLLARS FROM IRAQ RECONSTRUCTION FUND".
• SALLY HARDCASTLE "HALLIBURTON: THE NEW IRAQ BILL SCANDAL".

PAGE twenty :

• "FAILED IMAGE OF AMERICA".
• RUSTEM VAKHITOV "PURELY AMERICAN WAR".
• ILYA TREIGER "THEY WILL ENTER... AND WHO WILL READ?..",
• "USA ADVISE THEMSELVES!..".
• "IRAQ: US SOLDIERS STEAL CARS FROM LOCAL RESIDENTS. FOR THEIR OFFICERS."
• "IRAQ: US PLANS TO REMOVE 300,000 FILIPPINES - SETTLEMENT OF SCORE FOR WITHDRAWAL OF TROOPS FROM IRAQ".
• "THE REASONS FOR THE BEGINNING OF THE WAR IN IRAQ ARE OIL AND BUSH'S DESIRE TO SAVE THE DOLLAR AS A WORLD RESERVE CURRENCY".
• "BRITISH SOLDIERS ARE ARMED WITH PSYCHO STIMULATIONS".
• "THE BILLION DOLLARS ARE LOSSED IN IRAQ."
  SERGEY KHABOTIN "CALL FORCED ... AND VOLUNTARY".
• "THE AMERICANS HAVE INSTRUCTED THE FUCKER AND THE KILLER TO JUDGE SADDAM."
• "ZHIRINOVSKY'S SPEECH IN BAGHDAD SOON BEFORE THE 2003 WAR STARTED".
• ILYA TREIGER "THE WORD HAS COME...", "WHAT YOU WILL SOW...", "AN EYE FOR AN EYE!", ​​"AND IT HAPPENS!".
• CLAUDIO BELIOTTI "CAPITALIST EUROPE AND ITS FALSE".
• LARIS KRITSKA "100 POINTS OF AMERICAN SLANG".

PAGE 21:
:

• BILL VAN OAKEN "SIEGE OF FALLUJAH - AMERICA COMMITS MASS MURDER".
• "NEW YORK TIMES: ESTONIA IS US'S SMALL BUT GREEDY PARTNER".
• "WOMEN OF IRAQ BECOMED FREE AND ENGAGED IN PROSTITUTION".
• "HOW THE PENTAGON BOUGHT THE STORM OF BAGHDAD. NEW DETAILS".
• "USA OFFICIALLY RECOGNIZED: VICTORY IN IRAQ HAS BEEN BOUGHT".
• "US MILITARY MEDICINES EXPORT HUMAN ORGANS FROM IRAQ."
• "AMERICANS RECRUIT IRAQ IN COLOMBIA".
• N.GRODNENSKY "WHY IRAQ IS HIGH".
• "SURVEY: 70% OF RESIDENTS OF ARMENIA AGAINST SENDING MILITARY TO IRAQ".
• "LIKE IT WAS LAST TIME".
• "DEMOCRACY ON THE MARCH: UP TO A QUARTER OF A MILLION US RESIDENTS MAY PARTICIPATE IN IRAQI ELECTIONS."
• "EXTERMINATION OF THE BEST".
• VLADIMIR GREKOV "IRAQ: THE BRUTAL LESSONS OF DEMOCRACY".

PAGE 24:

• "FORMER PRISONER" ABU GHRAIB "TOLD THE COURT HOW THE AMERICANS TORTURED HIM."
• "US BUSINESSMAN CONFESSED TO SMUGGLING IRAQI OIL".
• "THIS SOUNDS LIKE A JOKE: THE JEWS OF ISRAEL WILL VOTE IN JORDAN IN THE ELECTIONS OF THE IRAQI GOVERNMENT."
• FLORINA DUMITRU "A MILLION SIGNATURES AGAINST "ELECTIONS" IN IRAQ".
• "US SOLDIERS DESTROYED BABYLON".
• ALLA NIKONOVA "SOMETHING ABOUT THE ELECTIONS IN GENERAL AND THE FIRST FREE IRAQI ELECTIONS IN PARTICULAR".
• INGE VAN DE MERLEN "EVERY IRAQIAN KNOWS SOMEONE WHO IS KILLED OR THROWED IN PRISON BY THE AMERICANS".
• SAMIR AMIN "AMERICAN IMPERIALISM, EUROPE AND THE MIDDLE EAST".

PAGE 25:

• UDO ULFKOTT "TOP SECRET: BND. BEHIND THE SCENES OF THE GERMAN FEDERAL INTELLIGENCE SERVICE" (EXTRACTIONS).
• NIKOLAI CHERNY "THE WHO COUNTS THE VICTIMS IS DESTROYED".
• A. ARSEENKO "URANIUM STORM IN THE IRAQI DESERT".
• "US MILITARY-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX IN THREE DIMENSIONS. WHO PROFITS ON MILITARY ORDERS IN THE USA".
• MICHEL SCHNEIDER "USA AND ISRAEL AGAINST THE REST OF THE WORLD".
• VLADIMIR IVANOV "PENTAGON CREATES DEATH SQUAD".
• "THE MAYOR OF BAGHDAD WILL RAISE A MONUMENT TO GEORGE BUSH".
• "THE FORMER US OCCUPATION AUTHORITIES IN IRAQ HAVE NOT BEEN ACCOUNTABLE FOR THE SPENDING OF ALMOST $9 BILLION."
• "The CIA ADMITTED TO ITSELF THAT THEY WAS MISTAKEN ABOUT SADDAM."
• D. PESTIO, M. HASSAN "FORMER UN EMPLOYEE IN IRAQ: "IF ELECTIONS ARE GOING ON ANYWHERE IN ZIMBABWE, THE WEST WILL NOT RECOGNIZE THEM".
• "ELECTIONS" IN IRAQ - COMMENTARY BY A RUSSIAN EYEWITNESS".
• "EMPIRE OF LIES".
• "FROM THE PAGES OF THE IRAQI DIARY OF DAHR JAMEIL".
• "THE LAST OF THE WARS..."

PAGE 26:

• "MOSUL - ZONE OF TORTURE".
• JOSEPH KAY "THE STATE DEPARTMENT'S OVERVIEW OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN OTHER COUNTRIES SLABS AS 'TORTURE' WHAT THE US USE ITSELF".
• NADA AL-RUBAYI "NATIONAL LIBERATION AND THE LIBERATION OF WOMEN: IRAQI RESISTANCE AND THE BLACKOUT OF "IRAQI WOMEN'S ORGANIZATIONS".
• ALEXEY KARTSEV "THE ROOF IS GOING".
• NIKITA PETROV "VIETNAM SYNDROME" OF THE IRAQ WAR".
• "FORMER MI6 HEAD: AMERICANS 'rigged' CAUSE TO START WAR IN IRAQ".
• DAVID PESTIO, MOHAMMED HASSAN "IRAQ: EYE TO EYE WITH THE OCCUPATION".
• "IRAN NEWSPAPER: AMERICANS USE FOOD AND WATER AS A TOOL OF PRESSURE ON IRAQIS".
• "CAIM HOSPITAL HEAD: "AMERICA IS USING PROHIBITED WEAPONS IN THE CITY ON THE OFFENSIVE."
• MICHAEL CHECHEVITSKY "BRITISH INTELLIGENCE MADE A SHAMEFUL Confession".
• ALEXANDER DOLININ "PRICE OF" RELEASE".
• "AMERICAN DISSIDENTS: 'BUSH IS A CORPORATE KILLER'.
• "US SOLDIERS IN IRAQ TORTURED IRAQI GENERAL".
• "BARRY MASON ENGLAND: RADIO EXPOSES CORRUPTION AND THEFT IN IRAQ".
• MAXIM BARANOV, LENA BORODANENKO "DEPRESSION ATTACKS".

PAGE 27:

• "AMERMAHT FOUND THE EXTREME IN ITS DEFEAT IN IRAQ. AND WASHED OUT ITS SHAME WITH THEIR BLOOD."
• EMONN MCCANN "MONUMENTAL PROTESTS IN BAGHDAD DID NOT GO TO WESTERN SCREENS".
• "AT THE HEART OF RESISTANCE".
• "IRAQ: A NEW PRISON INSTEAD OF HOSPITALS AND SCHOOLS".
• "GRAY ZONE" ABU GRAIB.
• "THOUSANDS OF IRAQI SHIITES STREAMLE PAINTED AMERICAN FLAGS".
• G. NENASHEVA "WHO IS THE TRUE MANUFACTURER OF WEAPONS OF MASS DEFEAT?"
• KSENIA FOKINA "USA IS ACCUSED OF EMPLOYING IRAQI BILLIONS".
• "USA IS THE MAIN PERMITTER OF RIGHTS VIOLATION".

PAGE 28:

• "WHO KILLED THE IRAQI CHILDREN. THE TRUTH IS COMING OUT."
• A. SAFARIN "WHERE IS THE VALIANT NATO?"
• ANASTASIA KONDRASHOVA "THE JUDGMENT OF THE TERRIBLE HAGUE IS HERE".
• RAND CORPORATION HAS ANALYZED 100 POLLS BEFORE 2002 AND SAYS THAT AMERICANS ARE SUPPORTING OVERSEAS OPERATIONS."
• DMITRY TARASSOV "BRING FREEDOM OF SPEECH".
• "USA PAID LATVIA FOR IRAQ".
• "IRAQ: US SOLDIERS SUSPECTED OF HARASSING AND RACKET".
• "HOW TO STOP THE WAR OF CIVILIZATIONS?"
• "TONY BLAIR DECIDED TO PROVE HIS ALLOY TO THE US DESPITE THE EXPLOSIONS."
• "HUSSEIN'S CHIEF ADVOCATE REFUSED TO PARTICIPATE IN PROCESS BECAUSE OF AMERICANS' PRESSURE."
• ANDREY SHITOV "AMERICAN BUSINESS".
• "US OCCUPANTS BRING TOTAL CORRUPTION TO IRAQ".
• B. LVOV "1-4-2-1".
• "30% OF AMERICANS RETURNING FROM IRAQ HAVE MENTAL DISORDERS".
• "A MILLION SIGNATURES HAVE BEEN COLLECTED IN IRAQ UNDER THE DEMAND FOR THE WITHDRAWAL OF TROOPS".
• "REAL COSTS ON THE MILITARIST POLICY OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA".
• "US GENERAL: 50,000 PEOPLE CAPTURED AND DESTROYED IN IRAQ IN 2005".
• "US SPECIAL SERVICES ARE THE MOST AND MORE ACTIVELY USE HARASSING AND TERRING METHODS."
• BIG LIES. THE WHITE HOUSE v. WILSONS CASE.
  
• "NEW TESTIMONIES ABOUT TORTURE OF PRISONERS IN IRAQ PUBLISHED".
• "DEMONSTRATES BURNED TWO BRITISH IFVs IN BASRA (PHOTO REPORT)".
• "US SOLDIERS EXCHANGE PHOTOS OF KILLED IRAQIANS FOR PORNOGRAPHY".
• A. SAFARIN "IRAQ. PUNISHER IN TEL AFAR".
• "USA TRIED TO PAY FOR THE ADOPTION OF IRAQ'S CONSTITUTION."
• "THE EARLIER THE CZECH MADE WEAPONS FOR HITLER, NOW FOR THE PRO-AMERICAN REGIMES".
• "SHIITE IMAM: ABU MUSAB AZ-ZARQAWI IS DEAD".
• "100 THOUSAND IRAQI CHILDREN WORK FOR FOOD".
• "WHAT IS COLIN POWELL SHAME OF?"
• "PORN SCANDAL IN THE US ARMY: PHOTOS OF SEX IN THE BARRACKS IN IRAQ WITH GIRLS IN THE INTERNET POSTED ON THE INTERNET".
• SCOTT RITTER "SILVER BULLET".
• "AMERICANS ARE ARRESTING AND THRUSHING THOUSANDS OF IRAQIS IN JAIL."
• ANDREY SHITOV "PR ON THE BONES".
• "MODERATE AMERICAN SHARIA".
• "US MILITARY ADVENTURE IN IRAQ IS ONE OF THE REASONS FOR PRESIDENT BUSH'S RECORD DOWN."

PAGE 31:

• "G.BUSH: GOD ORDERED ME TO SEND TROOPS TO IRAQ AND AFGHANISTAN".
• "IRAQIS APPROVE SUICIDE ATTACKS ON COALITION TROOPS."
• "DR. AHMED SALIM: BAGHDAD IS HELL!" SALAM KHALID "BLACK SKY".
• A. MANCHUK "LIES AND SCANDALS OF THE UKRAINIAN WAR IN IRAQ".
• "ALMOST 80 PERC. OF THE JAPANESE ARE AGAINST THE PRESENCE OF THE COUNTRY'S TROOPS IN IRAQ."
• "PRIMAKOV: RF DID EVERYTHING IT COULD DO TO PREVENT AMERICAN INVASION IN IRAQ."
• "UN EXPERT: US MILITARY DEPRIVES PEACEFUL IRAQIANS OF FOOD AND DRINK".
• FORMER US MARINE WROTE KILL! KILL! KILL!" ON MILITARY TRAINING IN AMERICAN SOLDIERS AND ITS CONSEQUENCES".
• GEORGE BUSH'S "SPONTANEOUS" CONVERSATION WITH SOLDIERS IN IRAQ TURNED OUT TO BE A STAGE."
• "SINCE 2003, ABOUT 20 THOUSAND EXHIBITS HAVE BEEN STOLE FROM IRAQI MUSEUMS."
• VLAD STAKOVSKY "IRAQI DIARY".
• BILL VAN OAKEN "SPEECH ABOUT TERRORISM IN WASHINGTON - BUSH RESPONSE TO POLITICAL CRISIS WITH LIES AND NEW THREATS OF WAR."
• VYACHESLAV TETEKIN "THEY ARE NOT THERE TO LOOK FOR..."

PAGE 32:

• "The FBI RECOGNIZED DOCUMENTS ABOUT SADDAM HUSSEIN'S ATTEMPTS TO PURCHASE URANIUM WAS FAKE."
• ANTON BRAZHYTSA "ANOTHER LIE OF THE "FREEST COUNTRY IN THE WORLD".
• "WHITE PHOSPHORUS".
• "IRAQI AUTHORITIES ACKNOWLEDGED VERY ABUSE OF PRISONERS."
• "IN 3 YEARS, IRAQ TURNED INTO A DRUG TRANSIT CENTER."
• "EX-CIA STAFF DESCRIBED DETAILS OF TORTURE OF TERRORISTS".
• Thierry Meyssan "FALSE INFORMATION ABOUT IRAQI BARRELS".
• "EXPERTS WHO RECOGNIZED THE CIA RIGHT".
• GABRIELE ZAMPARINI "GENOCIDE-STYLE CIVILIZATION".
• GHALI HASSAN "IRAQ: A CRIMINAL PROCESS".
• "SADDAM HUSSEIN SAYS AMERICANS TORTURED AND BEATED HIM."
• "THE PRICE OF AMERICAN PROPAGANDA".
• "US INTELLIGENCE WATCHES US ANTI-WAR DEMONSTRATIONS".
• "THE CORE OF THE IRAQI RESISTANCE IS THE IRAQIS FIGHTING THE OCCUPANTS".
• "NEARLY THREE-QUARTERS OF AMERICANS ARE FOR THE DEATH PENALTY FOR SADDAM HUSSEIN."
• "BERNARD KUSCHNER AND SADDAM HUSSEIN'S 2 MILLION KILLED".
• "BRIT ENTERTAINMENT IN IRAQ SHOCKED THE PUBLIC".
• "US MILITARY IN IRAQ WEAR DIAPERS".

PAGE 33:

• "AMERICANS PAY RELIGIONS IN IRAQ FOR PROPAGANDA"
• SALIM LAMRANI "SILENCE OF REPORTERS WITHOUT BORDERS AGAINST A JOURNALIST TORTURED IN GUANTANAMO".
• "US RECOGNIZED THAT THE ATTACK ON IRAQ WAS NOT RELATED TO INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM."
• ALEXANDER BOKOVSKY "YANKE ON THE RUINS OF BABYLON".
• "BUSH AGREED WITH BLAIR ON THE WAR IN IRAQ LONG BEFORE IT STARTED."
• OLEG ARTYUSHIN "INTELLIGENCE IS THEIR RULES".
• "ALSO" OUTSIDE POLITICS.
• "THE INDEPENDENT: IRAQ MINISTRY OF INTERIOR DEATH SQUAD OPERATING IN BAGHDAD".
• "WAR POSTPONED FOR 30 YEARS".
• "BUSH AND BLAIR LIE".
• ANDREY KRYMZIN "USA: A GOOD BANDIT IS A GREAT SOLDIER".
• "PENTAGON ACKNOWLEDGED INTELLIGENCE ABOUT THE PRESENCE OF WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION IN IRAQ IS FALSE."
• JEFF LINCOLN "NEW Evidence Emerging About How Americans Are Profiting And Bribing In Iraq."
• "MOSSAD DESTROYED 530 IRAQI SCIENTISTS. THE TRAGEDY OF IRAQI ACADEMIANS".
• "USA DENIES COSTA RICA'S RIGHT TO INDEPENDENT DECISIONS".
• "VLADIMIR ANOKHIN: KIDNAPPING OF DIPLOMATS IS ASSOCIATED WITH SOME US ACTION".
• VLADISLAV SHURYGIN "FROM GOEBBELS TO BUSH".
• ALLEN CAMPIOTTI "AMERICA HAS BEEN Haunted by the Nightmare of the Massacre in Hadit".
• "FORMER CIA OFFICER: THE BUSH ADMINISTRATION KNEW THERE WERE NO WMD IN IRAQ."
• "IRAQI CHILDREN SUFFER FROM HUNGER".
• "DURING 3 YEARS OF THE WAR, BRITISH COMPANIES EARNED ALMOST $2 BILLION IN IRAQ."
• VICTOR CHEREPAKHIN "The US SPENT $300 MILLION ON PROPAGANDA FOR THE WAR IN IRAQ // AND NOW BLAME RUSSIA FOR THE FAIL OF THIS PR CAMPAIGN."
• YAMIN ZAKARIA "MODERN POLITICAL LEXICON".
• "BRITISH SOLDIERS IN IRAQ HAVE VIOLATED HUMAN RIGHTS ON TIMES."
• "US TROOPS CAPTURED THE WIVES OF SUSPECTED GUYS IN IRAQ TO FORCE THEM TO SURDER."
• "JIMMY CARTER ON THE LARRY KING PROGRAM: "WE GO TO IRAQ TO ESTABLISH A PERMANENT MILITARY BASE IN THE GUAY REGION."
• JOSHUA FRANK "DRILLING BEGINS".

Caption: "I am Iraq"

First and second: a cute joke of the "liberators" (Fuck Iraq); the last one: the "civilizers" ran over the legs of a civilian in Fallujah with a tank.

What happened next?

March 20, 2013 is the anniversary of the most controversial military operation of the 21st century. 10 years ago, US and British troops invaded Iraq. Then it was explained by the search for weapons of mass destruction, which Saddam Hussein could use against anyone. The military operation in Iraq began on the morning of March 20, 2003. It was codenamed "Iraqi Freedom" and was aimed at overthrowing Saddam Hussein's regime.

After 10 years, Iraq is one of the most dangerous regions with a large number of extremist gangs. For 10 years, the losses of the international coalition in Iraq amounted to about 4,500 people. It is difficult to say how many civilians died: different figures are given, from 700 thousand to 1.5 million.

Nobody listened to people sent to Iraq to search for weapons of mass destruction or their traces. But in 2003, the head of the UN arms inspectors said that it was likely that Baghdad had destroyed all prohibited weapons since the 1991 Gulf War and that Washington was in a hurry to start hostilities in Iraq.

US President George W. Bush before signing $355 billion in military spending, of which almost $40 billion was earmarked for the Pentagon for a possible war in Iraq, October 23, 2002. (Photo by Kevin Lamarque | Reuters):

In 2003, the head of the UN weapons inspectors said that the Americans could not find weapons of mass destruction in Iraq.

Intelligence agencies and unreliable sources played a leading role in unleashing the Iraqi conflict, writes Fabio Cavalera in an article published in the Corriere della Sera newspaper.

“When Iraqi Foreign Minister Naji Sabri spoke at the UN on September 19, 2002, and declared that “we will defend our land with all our might,” Bill Murray, head of the CIA office in Paris, and Tyler Drumheller, head of the CIA office in Europe, closely examined one detail on the TV screen : an elegant suit worn by the head of the diplomatic department of the Iraqi regime. This was the signal for them, the CIA officers, which they expected: the consent of the head of the Iraqi Foreign Ministry to cooperate with Langley (CIA headquarters. - Note. ed.),” writes the publication.

“Naji Sabri, six months before the start of the war, decided to tell American intelligence about the military plans of the dictator. Arab journalist Nabil Moghrabi became an intermediary between the minister and the Americans. It was Bill Murray who gave the new "source" $200,000 in cash and two suits. If Naji Sabri wears one of them to the UN speech, it will mean that he agrees to cooperate, ”says the newspaper.

“The CIA, through a journalist, asked the minister a number of questions. The most important was: where are the storage facilities with weapons of mass destruction. Sabri replied: "We don't have biological, chemical and nuclear weapons, Saddam produced them in the past, but then destroyed the storage facilities, now these weapons are gone." The head of the CIA, George Tenet, did not like this answer: his employees withdrew information that ruled out the presence of dangerous arsenals, ”the author of the article reports.

“The White House and London tried to find confirmation of their theses, since the military plans were already ready. Everything else did not matter, even the statement of the head of Saddam's secret services, the terrible Tahir Khabush al-Tikriti, who quite unexpectedly met with representatives of the British intelligence services in Jordan and firmly stated that there were no weapons of mass destruction in Iraq.

“This evening, the Air Force, on Panorama, showed a documentary about how Washington and London sought war and in parallel destroyed information received from sources close to Saddam that did not coincide with their plans for the invasion, because it disproved the existence of WMD. They used false information obtained from other sources, which, on the contrary, served to justify the bombing strategy and was based on the presence of storage facilities with weapons of mass destruction in Iraq. Thus, Curveball and Red River sources said that chemical warfare agents are produced in mobile laboratories moving from one base to another. One of them even sketched out a plan for the location of one of these bases. Satellite images denied the information, but this fact did not prevent Secretary of Defense Colin Powell from submitting images and maps to the UN on February 5, 2003 to demonstrate that Saddam had weapons of mass destruction and they were placed on trucks. “I lied,” says Curveball now, grinning, “writes the author of the article.

“On the eve of the invasion of Iraq, there was an incredible mosaic of lies, cynical and superficial analyzes. It seems incredible that British intelligence could trust third and fourth hand sources to report to Downing Street that a dictator could power his war machine within 45 minutes and use long-range missiles with warheads loaded with chemical warfare agents. One of the informants turned out to be an Iraqi taxi driver who overheard a conversation between two clients. Could such an "information source" be relied upon? And so the war began, based on information received from "spies who deceived the world." After 10 years, much has become clear, ”concludes the publication.

"It's strange that the US has such confidence about the presence of weapons of mass destruction, and there is no thought about where they can be." Hans Blix, head of UN inspectors.

Western propaganda claimed that Iraq was a closed country with rampant tyranny. Therefore, it was surprising that any doors were opened for the inspectors, and they were allowed to enter all objects. As is known, no weapons of mass destruction have been found in Iraq. But that didn't stop the Americans.

At the UN security council, Secretary of State Colin Powell holds a vial of alleged anthrax that he believes is evidence of Iraq's weapons of mass destruction program on February 5, 2003. (Photo by Elise Amendola | Reuters):

"Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence." Donald Rumsfeld, head of the Pentagon at the time.

Colin Powell, US Secretary of State at the time of the invasion of Iraq, called on the CIA and the Pentagon to explain why they did not make him aware of the unreliability of a key source of information about Saddam Hussein's biological weapons, writes The Guardian.

Reacting to The Guardian's report that a source, Rafid Ahmed Alwan al-Janabi, known as Curveball, admitted fabricating evidence about Iraq's covert bioweapons program, Powell said questions should be asked of US agencies involved in the argument in the benefit of military action.

"Janabi, an Iraqi defector, was the Bush administration's main source of justification for the invasion of Iraq in March 2003," recall article authors Ed Pilkington, Helen Pidd, and Martin Chulov. “There were doubts about his reliability even before the war and were confirmed when he admitted to lying this week.”

“It was known for several years that the source called Curveball was completely unreliable,” Powell told The Guardian. “The CIA and military intelligence should be asking why this wasn’t known before the false information got into the National Intelligence Evaluation sent to Congress, the presidential address to Congress two months before the war, and my speech to the UN on February 5 (2003)".

Curveball told the publication that he welcomes Powell's demand. “I want an investigation to be carried out and people to know the truth. So many lies have been told about me for years. I want the truth to finally come out."

US Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld speaks at a press conference at the Pentagon in Washington, April 9, 2003. (Photo by Rick Wilking | Reuters):

At the same time, there were protests around the world against the war in Iraq. According to French scholar Dominique Reinier, from January 3 to April 12, 2003, 36 million people took part in anti-war protests. (Photo by Reuters, AP Photo | Louis Lanzano, Reuters | Pipit Prahara, Reuters | Sucheta Das, Reuters | Giampiero Sposito, Reuters | Peter Macdiarmid, AP Photo | Franka Bruns, AP Photo | Claude Paris, AP Photo | Noah Berger, and AP Photo | Marcelo Hernandez):

"Britain entered the war in Iraq 10 years ago 'absolutely irresponsible' and the lack of intelligence on the country has become a disgrace on a national scale." The Guardian.

According to former US Secretary of State Colin Powell, he spent 2.5 hours persuading American leader George Bush not to start a war in Iraq, but all his exhortations did not bring results. This is reported by The Sunday Times.

Powell is now taking a hardline anti-war stance, pointing out that the US Army is losing the war. He had previously put forward a proposal to train Iraqi security forces more intensively "to turn the tide."

However, in February 2003, a month before the start of the war, it was Colin Powell who, at a meeting of the UN Security Council, presented "evidence" that Saddam Hussein's regime had weapons of mass destruction. As it later turned out, he used unverified and even false CIA data.

However, Powell admitted the lie, saying that the CIA did not tell him anything about doubts about the reliability of the information. In turn, representatives of the special services claimed that they pointed out the inaccuracy of intelligence information and asked not to refer to it. This circumstance was partly the reason for the resignation of the Secretary of State.

British soldiers in protective suits against biological and chemical weapons at a base in Kuwait before the invasion of Iraq, March 20, 2013. (Photo by Russell Boyce | Reuters):

After the September 11, 2001 attacks, the US needed a war to unleash its full power on someone, and Iraq was the most suitable target.

“Depleted uranium (DU) projectiles were first used by the Joint Forces during the Gulf War in 1991. In late 1991, I diagnosed the Iraqi population with a hitherto unknown disease characterized by dysfunction of the kidneys and liver. Diseases of leukemia, anemia and malignant neoplasms have become widespread. Pediatric statistics are replete with descriptions of congenital deformities caused by genetic defects. Pregnant women have increased miscarriages and premature births. Bedouins from Kuwait, turned into a training ground by US soldiers, report that hundreds of corpses of camels, sheep and birds lie in the desert. (4) Over the past 10 years, the level of childhood cancer has risen catastrophically. (16) In the first Gulf War in 1991, the Americans and the British used 350 tons of depleted uranium. This had consequences not only for the Amer. soldiers (about half of the soldiers who fought during Desert Storm returned from the war with strange illnesses) and the people of Iraq, but also for the surrounding countries.

According to Asian estimates, 20-25% of the total population of these countries turned to doctors with similar complaints, 250 thousand people had already died by 1996. This data is from Iraq, Iran, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain and Oman. (26) According to the English Atomic Energy Osority, 50 tons of depleted uranium could cause 500,000 deaths. Most of the victims are residents of southern Iraq, especially children. During the last war (2003), at least 2,000 tons were used.(61) In the Iraqi capital of Baghdad alone, many sites were found contaminated with radioactive materials, the radiation level of which exceeded the normal level by 1,000 times. (75) The radiation contamination of Iraq is equivalent to 250,000 atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima, the reason for this is precisely the weapon with depleted uranium. The radioactive uranium that the Americans stuff into their bombs and shells has a half-life of 4.5 billion years. If you breathe in just 1 gram of this dust, you will get radioactivity, as if you were having an X-ray of your lungs every hour for the rest of your life. There are 103 plants in the US that produce radioactive uranium. 77 thousand tons of uranium is already in warehouses. This is enough to provide another 40.5 companies equivalent to Iraqi.

US President George W. Bush announces the start of war between the US and Iraq in a televised address from the Oval Office on March 19, 2003. (Photo by Kevin Lamarque | Reuters):

“The United States and its allies wanted not only to find and destroy stockpiles of supposedly available weapons of mass destruction, but also to eliminate al-Qaeda in Iraq. True, in Iraq itself, they did not hear about al-Qaeda until the troops invaded there. Hans Blix, head of UN inspectors.

US Marines prepare to cross the Iraqi border, Kuwait, March 20, 2003. (Photo by Eric Feferberg | AFP | Getty Images):

The military operation in Iraq began on the morning of March 20, 2003. It was codenamed "Iraqi Freedom". It is sometimes erroneously referred to as "Shock and Awe".

Unlike the 1991 Gulf War, twelve years later, Allied forces launched a ground offensive almost immediately, without a lengthy air campaign. The springboard for the invasion was Kuwait.

Ground forces before the invasion of Iraq, March 21, 2003. (Photo by Reuters | US Army | Robert Woodward):

Live shells destined for Iraq on the USS Kitty Hawk, March 30, 2003. (Photo by Paul Hanna | Reuters):

Air strikes on Saddam Hussein's presidential palace in Baghdad, Iraq, March 21, 2003. (Photo by Ramzi Haidar | AFP | Getty Images):

An American B-52 bomber returns from a mission from Baghdad, March 28, 2003. (Photo by Jockel Finck | AP):

U.S. military foothold in the Kuwait desert, March 21, 2003. (Photo by Jean-Marc Bouju | AP):

British tanks drive past burning oil wells in southern Iraq on March 20, 2003. (Photo by Reuters):

A cry for help from civilians caught in the crossfire near the port of Umm Qasr, Iraq, March 21, 2003. (Photo by Desmond Boylan | Reuters):

US Marines fire a missile at Iraqi troops in the port of Umm Qasr, Iraq on March 23, 2003. (Photo by Simon Walker, The London Times | AP):

Iraqi POWs during a dust storm, March 26, 2003. (Photo by Jean-Marc Bouju | AP):

Baghdad, March 24, 2003. The Iraqi authorities set up oil fires near the city to interfere with the aiming of American missiles and bombs. (Photo by Jerome Delay | AP):

An American soldier and a sandstorm in Iraq, March 26, 2003. (Photo by Kai Pfaffenbach | Reuters):

A British armored car demolishes an image of Saddam Hussein in Basra, southern Iraq, on March 24, 2003. (Photo by Mark Richards | Reuters):

An Iraqi soldier fires his AK-47 into the reeds on the banks of the Tigris River in Baghdad on March 23, 2003. There was a message that American or British pilots had ejected in the area. (Photo by Iraqi TV via APTN | AP):

An American soldier with an Iraqi child who was lost by his parents during the shelling of the territory, Iraq, March 29, 2003. (Photo by Damir Sagolj | Reuters):

An Iraqi man with a bag over his head, captured with his son, March 31, 2003. (Photo by Jean-Marc Bouju | AP):

By early April, US forces were already on the outskirts of Baghdad. On April 9, 2003, the Iraqi capital was taken without a fight, a symbol of which was the overthrow of one of the many statues of Saddam Hussein from the pedestal, shown live by many world television companies. (Photo by Goran Tomasevic | Reuters):

US Marines in downtown Baghdad, April 9, 2003. (Photo by Oleg Popov | Reuters):

Meanwhile, Baghdad and other Iraqi cities were swept by a wave of looting; in an atmosphere of temporary anarchy, many private houses, shops and government offices were looted.

Inside the looted Sheraton Hotel in Basra, southern Iraq, on April 8, 2003. (Photo by Simon Walker | Reuters):

For a month and a half of the war, the losses of the international coalition amounted to 172 people who died (including 139 Americans and 33 British). Also, 9,200 Iraqi troops and 7,300 civilians were killed during the invasion; thus, the losses of the civilian population were more than 2 times higher than those of the 1991 war.

What is happening in Iraq now?

The beginning of 2013 was marked for Iraq by a new turn in the compressing spring of protracted internal political confrontation. The situation escalated sharply at the end of December last year, when the Iraqi secret services arrested all the personal guards of Finance Minister Rafi al-Issawi - nine bodyguards were accused of involvement in terrorism. Such actions led a significant part of Iraqi society into a state of strong excitement, primarily Sunnis (Minister of Finance - Sunni), since it was with the arrest of bodyguards that the removal from the political arena in December 2011 of the highest-ranking Sunni in Iraq at that time - vice-president President Tarek al-Hashimi. Then, after a very short time, the vice president himself was accused of terrorism, who called the accusations absurd, but was forced to hide from the authorities abroad: involvement in terrorism is punishable in Iraq by death, which the prosecution did not fail to take advantage of (in Baghdad, T. Al-Hashemi sentenced to death in absentia).

The damaged Al-Mansour yacht of Iraqi President Saddam Hussein in downtown Basra, April 10, 2003. (Photo by Simon Walker | Reuters):

An attempt to repeat the scenario of December 2011 was, however, only the last straw that overflowed the cup of protest moods, since by the end of 2012 official Baghdad found itself in an extremely difficult situation: it became obvious that the situation in the country was far from being completely controlled by the central government, timid attempts to solve economic problems are broken into almost total corruption and embezzlement, the security situation is deteriorating, centrifugal sentiments are growing, and society itself is tired of empty promises and attempts to attribute failures to the machinations of some foreign forces and al-Qaeda militants. Without any exaggeration, the current crisis in Iraq is the most serious in the last 10 years since the overthrow of Saddam Hussein. The Minister of Finance has become another target of attack by Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki (such decisions in Iraq are made not just with his knowledge, but on direct orders), not because he is a Sunni, but because he had documents proving the gigantic scale corruption and outright theft of budgetary funds in power structures, including the highest echelons, some of the materials were transferred to the parliamentary commission for combating corruption. Not the last role was played by the scandal that erupted after Baghdad announced that the arms deal with Russia was subject to review due to the revealed facts of abuse (the amount of 900 million dollars was mentioned, i.e. almost a quarter of the cost of the deal).

As a result of the work of the special commission, one of the closest to the Prime Minister, Minister of State Ali al-Dabbagh, resigned (according to some reports, he, as well as a number of people from the "inner circle" quietly left the country). This was a blow to the reputation of Nuri al-Maliki himself, and he was not used to making excuses, much less admitting his guilt. The prime minister has something to lose, and he went on the offensive.

True, the moment was frankly unfavorable: by December 2012, the conflict between Baghdad and the authorities of Iraqi Kurdistan had become extremely aggravated - the confrontation almost turned into full-scale hostilities. The fact is that in March 2012, N. al-Maliki decided to form an army operational command "Tiger" (after the name of the river) with an area of ​​​​responsibility that includes the disputed province of Taamim (the Kurds call it Kirkuk and consider it historically theirs). At the end of September, the command was formed (on the basis of the former Diyala command), and the military began patrolling, including in disputed areas. The reaction of the Kurds was quick and tough - they demanded the withdrawal of troops in an ultimatum form and refused to enter into negotiations. In response, the central authorities began to build up the group, strengthening it with reinforcements from the neighboring provinces of Diyala and Salah e-Din and even the capital command (up to 10 brigades in total), the Kurds in response pulled over 15,000 Peshmerga fighters, as well as armored vehicles, field artillery and other heavy weapons. Things got to the point that the Kurds shot down an Iraqi reconnaissance drone, fired on an Iraqi Air Force combat helicopter, accusing it of conducting reconnaissance, several local skirmishes were noted on land (including those killed and wounded). An assassination attempt was made on the commander of the "Tiger" operational command (as a result of the explosion of a powerful land mine laid along the route of his cavalcade, two bodyguards were killed, and three more servicemen were injured).

Iraq - an ethnic map The Kurds have firmly made it clear that they will not tolerate forceful pressure and are ready to fight. They rejected Baghdad's proposal to set up joint coordination centers, emphasizing that the Peshmerga forces would under no circumstances be directly or indirectly reassigned to the federal authorities. The parties barely managed to agree on the withdrawal of armed forces from the points of contact. A necessary retreat: the formation of the operational command "Tiger" caused an extremely negative reaction from Iraqi President J. Talabani - he even tried to cancel this decision of N. al-Maliki, but nothing came of it. On December 1, President Talabani, in an interview with al-Arabiya TV, spoke in favor of replacing N. al-Maliki, adding: "... the prime minister has no right to interfere with the army in matters under the jurisdiction of the police." On December 2, the President of Iraq, in an interview with the same TV channel, stated that “Kurdistan President Masoud Barzani knows about the meeting that was held among Iraqi army officers, and they said that when we get the planes (meaning American F-16s), we know that we will do with the Kurds and how we will drive them into the mountains, and these words scare the Kurds.”

A statue of Iraqi President Saddam Hussein and his palace, damaged during coalition airstrikes, Baghdad, March 23, 2003. (Photo by Faleh Kheiber | Reuters):

In the current crisis, the major Kurdish political parties and officials, including President Masoud Barzani, could not miss another chance to show their independence from Baghdad. At the same time, the Kurdistan authorities resumed the export of crude oil to Turkey directly, intensified consultations with numerous foreign delegations, which have recently been increasingly visiting Erbil. On January 24, in Davos, Switzerland, M. Barzani met with the executive director of the American oil giant Chevron, Steve Breuer, and welcomed the decision to start full-scale work in Kurdistan (as you know, this is a very painful topic for Baghdad). The authorities of the richest oil province of Basra also used the moment - they sharply reduced oil exports for two days, making it clear that the interests of other regions of the country should not be ignored, especially those that provide up to two-thirds of budget revenues ... The seriousness of the situation in Iraq led to unprecedented activity of the diplomatic corps accredited in Baghdad, first of all - the ambassadors of a number of Western states, as well as China and the head of the UN mission in Iraq, Martin Kobler.

The latter developed such violent activity that Ibrahim al-Mutlak, a member of parliament from the Iraqi List opposition bloc, demanded on January 23 to initiate an official request to the UN demanding that M. Kobler be immediately replaced as Special Representative of the UN Secretary General, accusing him of bias and calling him “negative factor." The deputy stated literally the following: “It is quite obvious that his activities in Iraq are under the influence of the United States and a number of other countries interfering in Iraqi internal affairs. Where is his role in relation to the demands of the protesters, as well as thousands of people held in detention without a court order or on politicized verdicts issued under administrative pressure or for bribes?”

US Marines patrol the skies over Baghdad in helicopters on April 13, 2003. (Photo by Gleb Garanich | Reuters):

On the same day, January 23, a representative of the influential Shiite cleric Muqtada al-Sadr announced that two ministers - members of the Ahrar bloc - were withdrawing from the so-called "Committee of Seven", a commission specially created to consider the demands of the protesters, headed by the Deputy Prime Minister H. Shahristani. Such a decision, according to him, was caused by the “unprofessionalism and incompetence of the committee”, as well as the fact that “the opinion of the religious leader was never heard, which led to the complication of the situation.” This is serious, if only because paragraph 1 of Article 2 of the Iraqi Constitution states: "Islam is the official religion of the state and the main source of legislation." Indeed, it was not possible to form a single effective working group for dialogue, while both the authorities and the opposition warn each other against a forceful solution.

This could not go on for long, and the situation exploded on January 25, when millions of Muslims rushed to Friday prayers. It is difficult to say what exactly the mullahs were talking about in the mosques of Fallujah, but after the prayer clashes began in the city between the army and those gathered for prayer. The clashes continued for several hours, after lunch mobile groups of armed men were seen in the city, who opened fire on the servicemen. The result of the day: three servicemen and five civilians were killed, more than 80 people received gunshot wounds. The situation reached a boiling point, and Prime Minister N. al-Maliki's "appeal to the people" was broadcast on TV, urging the military to show restraint and the people of Fallujah to be wise. At the same time, he again placed responsibility for what happened on some "external forces, fragments of the former regime", as well as "narrowly parochial groups" that provoked the army into a confrontation. By decision of the prime minister, a curfew was introduced in the city from 18.00, and at the same time, the withdrawal of all army units and subunits and their replacement with police forces began.

Smoke from burning oil. The Iraqi authorities set fires to prevent US missiles and bombs from being aimed at Baghdad. (Photo by Jerome Delay | AP):

The authorities have caught on, and the events of the next week or two will show how deep the country will sink into chaos. The Iraqi List, the largest opposition bloc, threatened in early January that it might refuse to participate in the February 4 municipal elections. At that time, such a position was explained by the need to respond to the attempts of the authorities to "drown the problem in a bureaucratic swamp." After the escalation of violence in Fellujah, the opposition hardened its position: the same "Iraq List" warned that if the demands of the protesters were not met, the members of the bloc would leave both the government and parliament.

The National Front for Dialogue also warned of the possibility of withdrawing from the upcoming municipal elections. Some influential political forces spoke directly about the need to dissolve parliament and create a coalition transitional government followed by general elections. In conditions when the activity of the Iraqi parliament is actually paralyzed, the government is mired in scandals, the level of armed violence remains one of the highest in the world, the desire for serious changes is rapidly growing in Iraqi society ... They are certainly overdue, but it is difficult to say what the result will be. In any case, one cannot count on a quick and radical improvement.

American President Bush is pleased with the beginning of the operation in Iraq. Speaks aboard the aircraft carrier USS Abraham Lincoln off the coast of California on May 1, 2003. (Photo by JerJ. Scott Applewhite | AP):

During the years of the war in Iraq, the largest number of deaths among the local population was named by Opinion Research Business in August 2007. According to her, by this time, from 733,158 to 1,446,063 Iraqi civilians had become victims of the war. In January 2008, these figures were adjusted based on additional data to range from 946,000 to 1,120,000 dead. The assessment methodology consisted of asking 2,414 randomly selected adults across the country how many deaths were in their family (household). (Photo by Yannis Behrakis | Reuters):

Remember what they said about another country just recently: The original article is on the website InfoGlaz.rf Link to the article from which this copy is made -