Alder is a valuable and healing plant. Growing alder from seed How to grow alder from seed

Alder can often be found in deciduous forests, near small ponds, lakes and rivers. This tree does not differ in visible decorative features, loves wet areas, can form dense, impenetrable alder groves. Even though the plant is rather plain in appearance, it is popularly valued for the medicinal properties of its cones and is often used as fuel for stoves and fires, because alder firewood does not create waste and does not leave soot. Let us consider in more detail how and why alder is grown, methods of its reproduction, planting features and requirements for caring for the plant.

Description

The name of the plant was due to its love for coastal areas, it was characterized by the Celtic words ‘al’ - at, ‘Ian’ - coast. Up to three dozen species of alder live in the Northern Hemisphere, including deciduous trees and shrubs.

What does it look like.

Outwardly, the tree is often unremarkable, the trunk is thin, twisted. The leaves can be either alternate, serrated-lobed, serrated, entire, simple or rounded-oblong.

Male and female inflorescences develop on the same shoot. They are located at the top of the crown, differ in shape and appearance, male - earrings, female - spikelets. The fruits usually contain one seed each. The shape of the fruit is oblate, nut-shaped, small in size, bordered by a narrow wing. They are located in small cones formed by female inflorescences.

The plant is not durable, loves moisture very much and is a soil-improving breed. Has several features. For example, alder bark is always smooth, regardless of the age of the plant. And the leaves do not tend to change their color even with the change of seasons. Fallen leaves are filled with nitrogen and, due to the fact that they quickly rot, are very useful for soils.

Is it a coniferous or deciduous tree?

Mostly deciduous trees and shrubs, but in the northern regions they organically feel among coniferous plantations.

Diseases.

White mixed rot. Radiation tinder fungus is dangerous for weakened and drying trees. The fungus can form during spore germination, penetrate into the sapwood and heartwood parts of the trunk and cause its decomposition. These diseases can be identified at the initial stage by the white color of the wood with a yellowish tinge. The final stage of the development of the disease is characterized by easily separating fibers and the accumulation of light brown mycelium between them.
White fibrous rot. Only infects dead branches. But subsequently it spreads to healthy areas, affecting them. The disease can lead to the complete death of the entire tree.
Light yellow rot. The false tinder fungus reaches the core of the trunk, and it can only be identified by the fruiting bodies. The fungus is formed during spore germination, penetrates into the central part of the trunk through dead branches, infects it and leads to decomposition. In the early stages, the fungus can be identified by white stripes on the wood. This is evidence that it begins to loosen, after which light yellow rot appears with dark lines, a hollow may form.
Leaf deformation. The surface of the leaf changes, swelling, wrinkles and folds appear on it, often leaf curl is characteristic of the disease.
Deformation of women's earrings. The penetration of the fungus during the flowering period into women's earrings is fraught with growth and elongation of the scales. It can also affect the decrease in seed germination.

Varieties.

There are about 30 varieties of alder in total, but 12 varieties are known in our latitudes, the most common of them are:

Gray or white alder (Laciniata). Representatives of this species are characterized by gray bark and a slightly curved trunk. Flowering occurs through brown earrings. The leaves have a grayish tint, on the reverse side - white-pubescent, pointed upwards. The crown of the tree is ovoid. The alder of this variety is a rather unpretentious plant, it can grow on poor and sometimes even marshy soils, prefers sunny areas. It can reach a height of about 20 meters. Propagated by root offspring, seeds or cuttings. Frost-resistant and fast-growing plant. It is not afraid of the wind and is most often used for forest reclamation purposes. Suitable for strengthening banks and slopes. The average life expectancy is up to 50 - 60 years.

Black alder (sticky) Imperialis. The most common and recognized variety in Russia. It grows throughout the European part of the country and captures areas beyond the Urals to the Yenisei River. The most used is the pink wood of the plant, which has a silky sheen. Household items, musical instruments and coal are made from it for chemical protection of equipment. The variety is characterized by obovate leaves, sometimes with notches, dark fissured bark and stickiness of young shoots and buds. It can reach up to 35m in height. It likes moist soils and requires a rich substrate for good growth. It cannot reproduce by root shoots and grow in swamps, it needs running water.

Other varieties.

Red alder. This is a small tree that grows in Canada and the USA. The height can reach up to 15m. The color of the wood is reddish brown. The red kidneys are located on the legs. The leaves are oblong-ovate, with sharp ends with a broadly wedge-shaped base, with small denticles and veins. The trunk is most often straight, the crown is dense. The wood is used in the manufacture of turnery, furniture, utensils and other household items.
Shrub alder. Distributed in the northeastern part of European Russia and the Far East. There are shrub forms or trees up to 6 meters tall. The color of the bark is gray, the shoots are brownish. The leaves are ovoid, the surface is shiny. The main difference of the variety is that shrub alder blooms simultaneously with the formation of leaves. An unpretentious plant, tolerates shaded areas well, is able to withstand frost, but needs moisture. Often used in landscape design to form hedges.

Alder planting.

Landing place.

Alder is a very unpretentious plant, so almost any area can be chosen as a landing site, including wetlands or sandstones. You can plant it to improve the soil and enrich the land with nitrogen. Tubers with bacteria form on the roots of the plant, which absorb nitrogen from the air and redirect it to the soil. They grow well on the coastal lines of large and small reservoirs, some varieties need clean running groundwater, some in the sun. However, these requirements are only features of a particular species.

How to choose a seedling.

By adhering to a few simple rules, you can grow a healthy and strong alder in your area, but the most important thing is to initially choose the right seedling for planting:

In order for the planting material to take root well and be capable of rapid and normal development, it must be young with a well-developed root system.
It is advisable to pay attention to the root neck, it should have a small bend with a trace of a cut stock. If the cut does not overgrow, then the plant may be infected with a tinder fungus.
The stem must be in good condition, even, sufficiently formed, without mechanical diseases and manifestations of fungal infections.
Small root processes should be distinguished by density and splendor.

How to plant an alder.

Planting is done during the growing season. It is necessary to dig a hole with a diameter that allows you to place a seedling along with an earthen clod. Pour drainage to the bottom, lower the planting material and cover with soil. The soil in the near-stem circle should be loose so that moisture and air can freely enter the roots.

In order for the plant to grow organically, develop, and be resistant to diseases and pests, it is necessary to provide it with proper care.

How to care.

Watering.

If the alder does not grow in dry places, then it does not need frequent watering, but it is still necessary to ensure that the soil does not dry out. With proper regular hydration, alders grow quickly and have a healthy appearance. To avoid compaction of the soil, after weeding and watering, it is necessary to loosen the earth.

What should be fertilized.

It is not necessary to feed alder trees, they themselves are able to enrich the land on which they grow, but it is recommended to mulch the plant with peat, wood or gravel. It is advisable to apply the mulch in an even layer up to 5 cm thick.

To avoid harmful fungal infections and pest threats, it is necessary to regularly perform health pruning, removing all dried, damaged branches and processes, it is in them that harmful fungi are based.

The winter hardiness of alder trees is high, they are able to withstand very harsh winters, but some varieties experience partial freezing, this should be taken into account when choosing a variety for your own site based on the climatic nature of the area. To avoid freezing, young shoots are best covered for the winter.

reproduction features.

Well and quickly multiplies.

How to grow alder from:

Shoots. This is the easiest way to propagate the plant and results can be seen in the first year because the growth rate is incredibly fast. Literally immediately, sprouts begin to appear on the stumps of the shoots, which later form a lush shrub.
seed. Alder propagation by seed is most often used in our latitudes. To do this, the cones are collected in the autumn, dried in the fresh air until they open. After it is necessary to separate the seeds by sieving. They can be planted immediately or pre-stratified for best results. When stratified, the seeds must be stored for four months at a temperature not exceeding 5 degrees. If sowing is planned to be done in the spring, you need to be prepared for the fact that seedlings will appear a year later.

Where it grows

The habitat of different varieties of alder is quite extensive. This is almost the entire European territory, with the exception of some northern, southern regions, Asia Minor and North Africa. In the north, alder reached Norway, Sweden, the coastline of the Gulf of Finland; in the south, dense alder forests can be found from the Caspian Gulf to the North Caucasus, Iran, Greece, and Spain. The plant also covers all of Western Europe and the UK.

Medicinal properties.

The useful qualities of alder have been used for a very long time; references to the plant are found in reference books dating back to the 12th century. To date, the use of alder in medicine is a fairly common practice. For treatment, seedlings, that is, alder cones, are used. Decoctions, infusions are prepared from them for the treatment of acute and chronic enteritis, colitis, polyarthritis, colds, dysentery. Means from alder seedlings are considered excellent hemostatic drugs for pulmonary, uterine, gastric and intestinal bleeding.

A decoction of cones.

Pour 15 g of cones into 250 ml of boiling water, boil for a quarter of an hour, strain, leave to cool. Take 1 tbsp. l. twice a day.

Leaf decoction.

It is taken for colds. 20g of raw materials need to pour 250ml of boiling water. Infuse for about a quarter of an hour in a warm place. Take after straining 100 ml twice a day. It also helps with malaria and arthritis.

Contraindications

It does not contain toxic toxins, so it is practically harmless if not abused. But for women during pregnancy and lactation, it is better to refrain from using drugs based on alder. Also, do not use alder for people with individual intolerance to the elements that it contains.

Characteristics of the alder plant, tips for planting and caring for the garden plot, breeding rules, pest and disease control methods, interesting notes about alder, species and varieties.

Alder (Alnus) belongs to the rather extensive Birch family (Betulaceae). This genus, which combines tree and shrub representatives of the flora, has from 23 to 40 different species. All of them are predominantly found on the territory of the lands of the Northern Hemisphere with a temperate climate. However, some species grow on the South American continent and in Asia, but in the latter case, preferring mountainous regions. And there are those who feel great in the tundra or in northern Africa.

Family name	birch
Growth period	Perennial
Form of vegetation	Shrub or tree
Breeding method	Seed and vegetative (cutting, jigging root shoots)
Landing period in open ground	During the growing season
Landing Rules	Placement of seedlings is recommended no closer than 2-3 m
Priming	Nourishing, drained not too dry
Soil acidity values, pH	7–8 (slightly alkaline) or 6.5–7 (neutral)
Illumination degree	Suitable for any location
Humidity parameters	Watering only in heat and drought, if the place is not near waterways
Special care rules	Does not tolerate dry soil
Height values	up to 10 m
Inflorescences or type of flowers	From pistillate (male) small spikelets are collected, from staminate (female) long earrings
flower color	Greenish, crimson
flowering period	Spring or autumn
decorative period	spring-autumn
Application in landscape design	Coastal areas and slopes, single plantings as a tapeworm and decorative groups, alleys, spectacular hedges
USDA zone	3–8

Since the plant can often be found on the banks of river arteries, this is reflected in the name. The words from which it comes in the Celtic language "al", "alis" and "lan" are translated as "at", "water" and "shore", respectively. Among the people you can hear how the alder is called wolf and elkha, elshina and leshinnik, olekh and oleshnik, eloha and wilkha.

All varieties of alder are deciduous plants. Depending on the place where they grow, the form of their growth can vary from shrub to tree. If the plant looks like a tree, then its height is about 10 m. The trunks are usually thin and are characterized by curved contours. The bark of a plant, no matter how old it may be, is always smooth. The branches have a cylindrical section and a core that takes the shape of an irregular triangle. The color of the core is green. On the shoots there are lenticels of a rounded or oval shape. Kidneys are formed on legs. Alder leaf plates grow on the branches in the next order, they are attached to the shoots by means of petioles. The leaves are simple and entire, in rare cases there are small lobes. The edge of the foliage is serrated, the stipules fly around very early. The shape of the leaf plate can vary from almost round, ovate and obovate to lanceolate. On the surface of the leaves, venation in the form of pinnate is visible. In the genus there are species characterized by pubescence and glandularity. The color of the leaves is a pleasant green hue.

Interesting! Since there is a large amount of nitrogen in alder leaves, they rot very quickly, improving the condition of the soil on which they fall.

Alder has monoecious flowers, divided into pistillate (male) and staminate (female). From the first, as a rule, small spikelet inflorescences are collected, located at the bottom of the branches. Elongated catkins are formed from the stamens, growing in the upper part of the shoots. Most varieties bloom in early spring, but there are those that bloom in the autumn-winter period (October-December). Usually flowers are formed before the leaves unfold or simultaneously with this process. Because of this, pollen is better carried by the wind and thus pollination occurs. It is interesting that the female flowers are in two pieces in the axillary fleshy scales. The latter, by the time when the fruits are fully ripe, become woody and form a cone, which characterizes alder species and so resembles cones of conifers.

The fruit of the alder is a single-seeded nutlet, which has a pair of lignified stigmas. Also there may be leathery wings, in rare cases having a membranous appearance, but there are also wingless fruits. Seeds fully ripen by mid-autumn, the period from pollination and fruiting is approximately 2.5 months. Seed material begins to fly out from autumn days, and this process can stretch until spring. Seeds are dispersed by water or wind. Cones that have become lignified can remain on the fork for a long time, even after the fruits from the branches fly around.

Because of the many useful properties, gardeners are engaged in growing alder in their backyard. At the same time, one can note the special non-capriciousness of the plant and the ability to grow in those places where other "noble" trees simply cannot develop. It is also important to remember the medicinal properties of oleshnik, which have long attracted folk healers. You can find out more about all this below.

Tips for planting and caring for alder outdoors

Place to landany will do. The plant feels great in an open and sunny location or in the shade. Such a representative of the flora can grow even on swampy soil, which corresponds to natural preferences or sandy soil.
Soil for alder.Although the plant is unpretentious in the choice of soil, but the best growth is observed on a substrate with neutral or slightly alkaline acidity, when the pH is in the range from 6.5 to 8 units. If the soil in the area is acidic, then it is recommended to prepare it - add slaked lime or dolomite flour. For nutritional value, you can mix it with a small amount of a complete mineral complex, for example, use Kemira-Universal.
Choice of alder seedling.When you want to get a plant on the site that is not only famous for its medicinal properties, but also helps to improve the soil with its foliage, you can buy a seedling of oleshnika in a garden store or in the market. The seedling is selected young, having a root system with good development. The root neck should be characterized by the presence of a slight bend, which has traces of the cut stock. If the cut does not look drawn out, then there is a possibility that the alder seedling is affected by a fungal infection. The condition of the seedling should be excellent, its trunk should be even and fully formed, it should not show signs of mechanical damage or manifestations of fungal diseases. Root processes of small sizes should be characterized by splendor and density.
Alder planting.For this, the best time will be the entire growing season (from early spring to early autumn). The size of the planting hole should be such that it can easily fit an earthen ball with a root system without destroying it. At the bottom of the landing pit, it is recommended to lay a layer of drainage material, which can be crushed stone or coarse sand. Although the hazel is characterized by moisture-loving, fungal infections can become more active at low temperatures and waterlogged soil. An alder seedling is placed in a hole and the root shoots are carefully straightened, after which all the remaining free space is covered with a fertilized substrate. When planting, make sure that the root neck of the plant is located on the same level with the povoy on the site. After planting, it is necessary to carry out abundant watering, and compact the soil a little. Then it is recommended to lay a layer of mulch on top of the substrate, which will protect it from drying out too quickly. Such mulching material can be peat chips, chopped wood chips or straw. If several seedlings are planted nearby, then the future size of the crown of the elkha should be taken into account. In any case, the distance should not be closer than 2-3 meters.
Watering.Since the plant in nature prefers the proximity of water, and when caring for alder, they try to take this aspect into account, then alder will not need frequent moistening of the soil. In any case, it is recommended to monitor the condition of the soil so that it never dries out. After watering or rain, it is necessary to loosen the trunk circle and weed from weeds.
fertilizerswhen caring for alder, they are not a necessity, since the plant is able to saturate the soil with nitrogen on its own. However, you should still mulch the soil on which the oleshnik grows with crushed peat, wood chips or even crushed stone. The thickness of such a layer should not be less than five centimeters.
pruningsuch alder plantations are carried out regularly, as this will serve as protection against the possibility of damage by fungus or pests. With the advent of spring, you need to remove all the shrunken shoots and those that were damaged during the winter period.
winter hardinessin a plant such as alder - high, however, some varieties in particularly harsh winters may be subject to freezing. This aspect is recommended to be taken into account when choosing seedlings for cultivation in a particular region. To prevent freezing of young branches, gardeners are advised to use a shelter made of spruce branches or agrofiber (for example, spunbond) for the winter. The best choice for the northern regions is to plant such alder plants among the representatives of conifers.
The use of alder in landscape design.Since some types of oleshnik have rather large height parameters, they are grown as a tapeworm. Others, not so high, can be combined in group plantings with trees and shrubs. An alley formed from a wilkha or a hedge looks good. A pond will be a good neighborhood, because of the plant's great love for moisture.

Alder breeding rules

To obtain new plantings of oleshnik, it is recommended to sow its seed material or use vegetative methods, including cuttings and jigging of root shoots.

Alder propagation by cuttings.This method is one of the simplest and the results can be seen already in the first growing season, since the wilch has a high growth rate. On the stumps of the shoots, after a short period of time, sprouts are formed, which until spring turn into a bush of lush outlines.

In the spring and summer, you can engage in cutting blanks for cuttings. The length of the branches should be within 12–16 cm. The cuttings are planted directly in open ground, but before that, the sections are treated with any root formation stimulator. By the autumn days, such seedlings form full-fledged root shoots, the plants are strong enough to survive the winter period without any shelter.

Reproduction of alder by root shoots.There are species in the genus, next to the mother tree or bush of which, over time, young offspring can be seen, so they can be used as seedlings. However, such seedlings are quite close to the parent specimen (no further than 5–6 meters). They are carefully dug up in the spring, separated from the root system of the mother alder and transplanted to a new place of growth. At the same time, it is recommended not to destroy the earthen clod surrounding the root system, so as not to expose it to unnecessary injury. Planting should be carried out immediately so that the roots do not dry out. The landing hole should be slightly larger than the earthen clod. The seedling is placed in the hole, fresh soil is poured around it and watering and mulching are performed.

Propagation of alder seedsis the most common way. In the autumn, while the cones have not yet matured, they are cut off along with the shoots and brought to a dry room with good ventilation. There, the cones ripen and open to the end, and the seeds can be easily obtained. The material is then screened to separate seeds from debris. The resulting seeds can be immediately placed in seedling boxes filled with nutrient soil mixture (for example, peat-sand) or stratified. Then it will be necessary to keep the seed in cold conditions (at a temperature of 0–5 degrees) for 3–4 months. The backlog in the substrate of alder seeds should be no more than 2.5–3 cm deep.

With spring sowing, you will have to expect the appearance of sprouts, almost a year from the moment the seeds are placed in the ground. At first, only a small sprout will be visible, which will build up the root system. Every year, alder seedlings will begin to stretch 0.5–1 m in height. If sowing was carried out in seedling boxes, then with the appearance of the third leaf, it is recommended to dive in separate containers, and only after a year can such plants be planted in open ground.

The process of seed propagation is presented in more detail in the video posted at the end of the article.

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Pest and disease control in alder cultivation

Although the hazel is a fairly resistant plant, but if the above rules of agricultural technology are systematically violated, it is subject to diseases, among which stands out:

White mixed trunk rot,arising from the activation of the Mulberry ray fungus. Plants that are weakened or subject to drying out are usually affected. Under the influence of the disease, a part of the trunk, namely its core, is decomposed. Symptoms are the changed color of wood - whitish with yellowish tones. For control, treatment with fungicides, such as Bordeaux liquid, is recommended when the foliage has already unfolded; if it is not there, then the alder is sprayed with a solution of ferrous sulfate in a 5% concentration.
White fibrous rot.Already shrunken branches suffer, but then the disease spreads to all healthy parts of the alder. Subsequently, if measures are not taken, the whole tree dies off. The above methods of struggle are applied.
Light yellow trunk rotoccurs due to the activation of the false mulberry fungus. The fungus reaches the stem core and appears in the early stages as whitish stripes on the woody surface. This symptom indicates loosening of the wood, as a result of which even hollows on the trunks can occur. Spraying with copper sulphate and Bordeaux liquid will also help here.
Sheet deformation platesclearly visible due to swelling on the surface, the formation of folds and wrinkles. Foliage may become curly, but it does not lose color. Such a fungal disease does not cause noticeable harm.
Earring deformation,made up of female flowers. When the fungus penetrates the earrings, they begin to increase in length and width. In this case, the disease affects the germination properties of alder seeds. It is recommended to remove the affected parts of the plant.

Pests that can spoil the plantings of oleshnik are recognized:

Corrosive tree -a butterfly whose caterpillars penetrate, hatching, into the wood and feed on it. Shoots that have been defeated begin to dry out immediately, although the process itself stretches for a couple of years. Signs of the presence of a pest are foliage that acquires a brown color and crumbles from the tops of the branches. To fight all branches with such signs are cut and burned.
common ringed moth- also a butterfly, the hatched caterpillars of which feed on the flowers and buds of the alder, and, having matured, gnaw the foliage. It is recommended to use insecticidal agents - Actellik or Aktar.
Alder Cider -is a beetle, the larvae of which gnaw through the bark and remain there for the winter. The bark, when the larvae leave it in the form of beetles, dies in such a place. If the defeat is quite significant, then the alder may simply die. It is recommended to regularly prune damaged branches and even small shoots, feed on time and take proper care of the alder. When the beetle departure stage comes, spray trees and bushes with insecticides against bark beetles (for example, Clipper).
Chafer or Khrushchev, which not only eats foliage, ovaries and alder fruits, but its larvae infect the root system, causing the plant to quickly die. Spraying is used both with folk remedies (onion broth) and chemical ones (Fitoverm or Boverin).

You can also specify pests such asblue alder leaf beetle and moth serpentine, the fight against which is carried out with insecticidal agents (Karbofos, Aktellik or Aktara).

The alder plant has long been valued by people because of its qualities. Although its wood is not particularly strong, it has a uniform structure, which greatly facilitates the processing of the material, and also pleases the eye with a reddish color. If the trunks have fairly even outlines and thickness, then crafts are made from them, as well as joinery. However, most of the wood from the wilkha is intended for firewood, the price of which is 10–30% lower than birch wood. If we talk about the use of alder coal, then it is indispensable in the manufacture of gunpowder for hunting.

Interesting! On the territory of Scandinavia there is a legend that a woman originates from an alder, and a man from an ash tree.

Since oleshnik wood does not lose its properties under water, it is used for small underwater structures. In cooking, alder sawdust and shavings are recommended for smoking meat and fish products. Wilchi wood is also indispensable in the manufacture of body parts of electric guitars. In addition, you can get black, red and yellow paint, which gives alder wood material. These properties have long been used in tanning and dyeing leather products.

Not only traditional medicine, but also official medicine has long recognized the medicinal properties of alder. At the same time, varieties are distinguished black (Alnus glutinosa) and gray (Alnus incana). The bark, foliage and seedlings (cones) of the oleshnik are used. Such drugs can stop blood, eliminate inflammation, fight bacteria, have astringent and anti-cancer effects, promote wound healing and increase immunity.

Even in the writings of physicians dating back to the 12th century, there were recipes for infusions on alder cones, prescribed to cure polyarthritis and dysentery. They helped with colds and colitis, contributed to the removal of symptoms of not only acute, but also chronic enteritis.

However, there are a number of contraindications for the use of medicines from oleshnik. Although the plant does not have toxic substances in itself, it is still not worth abusing such drugs. Among the contraindications are: the period of pregnancy and lactation, individual intolerance.

Description of alder species

In our latitudes, among the whole variety of species, it is customary to grow only 12 and the most famous among them are:

Alder gray (Alnus incana)or whatever it is calledWhite alder, Eloha or Laciniata. Natural distribution areas fall on almost all European lands, Asia Minor and the West Siberian region, Transcaucasia and the North American continent. The reason for this specific name was the color of the bark of the plant's trunks, which have a slight bend, the presence of humps and depressions. As well as foliage, characterized by a grayish tint on the upper side, while the lower one has a whitish pubescence. The outlines of the leaf plate have an oval, ovoid-rounded or oval-lanceolate shape, occasionally acquiring the contours of an ellipse, with a sharp point at the top. The length of the leaf is 4–10 cm with a width of about 3.5–7 cm. The arrangement of the leaves goes alternately in 3 rows.

It can take a tree or shrub form of growth, while the height in the first case reaches 20 m, and the diameter of the trunk is equal to half a meter. Through foliage and branches, an ovoid or narrow-ovoid crown is formed. The root system is located in the surface layer of the soil. Shoots during formation are distinguished by a green color, which gradually changes to blackish-gray.

When flowering, earrings of a brown or crimson color are formed. The fruit are nuts with obovate outlines, with wings. The length of such a nut is 10 mm, and the width is 7–8 mm. Nuts are placed in cones. After full maturation, they get enough sleep and are carried in the autumn days by the wind.

Differs in high frost resistance and growth rate. It is recommended to grow as a tapeworm or in group plantings next to shrubs and trees. It does not differ in exactingness to the composition of the soil and perfectly tolerates urban polluted air and drought.

Alder gray Pyramidalis (Alnus incana Pyramidalis)has a tree-like shape and a crown with pyramidal outlines. Prefers to grow in well-lit areas, characterized by resistance to frost. The substrate for growth requires nutritious and moist. With an average growth rate, it can easily tolerate urban conditions. Recommended for both single and group plantings. With the help of such plants, alleys and hedges are formed. The color of the leaves is dark emerald, not changing with the advent of the autumn-winter period. The resulting earrings have a purple tint. The maximum height of the trunk is 10 m with a crown diameter of 4 m.

Black alder (Alnus glutinosa)found under the nameAlder sticky, European alder or Imperialis. The specific name is derived from the sticky surface of the young foliage, as in Latin "glutinosa" means "sticky", while the term "black" is given to the plant due to the color of the bark on the fissured trunks. It is the most common variety in Russian lands, it can be found beyond the Urals, as well as in Europe. The tree-like plant reaches a height of 35 m, while the diameter of the trunk is almost 0.9 m. Often there are many trunks. The branches are located almost at an angle of 90 degrees to the trunk. The crown has an ovoid or pyramidal shape, gradually becoming rounded. The root system is located on the surface, therefore, due to strong winds, the trunk can be knocked down.

Foliage obovate. At the same time, there are depressions on the surface. The color of the leaves is green, the arrangement goes in the next order. The size along the length of the leaf plate is 4–9 cm with a width of 6–7 cm. At the base there is a roundness or its shape is wide wedge-shaped. Before the leaves appear (April-May), the flowering process begins and the formation of earrings and cones - female and male flowers, respectively. The flowers are green at first, but then a brown tint appears. A variety is used for landscaping alleys as a tapeworm or in group planting next to shrubs and trees.

Alder red (Alnus rubra)naturally grows on the North American continent. A tree of small size, not exceeding 15 meters in height. The wood has a brownish-red color. The leaf plate is elongated-ovoid, with a sharp point at the apex and a broadly wedge-shaped base. There are small teeth along the edge, and venation is visible on the shiny surface. The trunk is often straight outline. The crown is dense. There are also shrub forms of the species, when their height is measured by 6 meters. The color of the bark of the trunks is grayish, and the branches have a brown bark.

A distinctive feature is that the process of flowering and unfolding of foliage goes at the same time. It can tolerate areas with shading, is characterized by frost resistance, but rather moisture-loving. It is used to form hedges.

Article

Alder is a widespread deciduous tree or shrub from the Birch family. The largest population is concentrated in the temperate climate zone of the Northern Hemisphere. Individual species are also found in South America and Asia. Alder grows in mixed deciduous forests on moist, well-fertilized soils. Prefers neighborhood with oak and beech. The scientific name of the plant "Alnus" is translated - "by the shore". It is not surprising that most plants are found on the banks of fresh water bodies and rivers. The people also call the tree “Valkhal”, “Forester”, “Olekh”, “Yelshina”. Alder is famous for its wood and medicinal properties. It looks great on the site, is used in traditional medicine and the woodworking industry.

plant description

Alder is a perennial deciduous shrub or tree with a developed but superficial rhizome. Because of this, large varieties are often blown by the wind. Over time, small swellings form on the roots, filled with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Processing nitrogen from the atmosphere, alder very effectively saturates and enriches the soil with it. The shoots have a rounded section and are covered with a smooth grayish-brown bark. In places where new branches appear, horizontal wrinkles form. Triangular or heart-shaped lenticels are noticeable on the bark of young shoots.

Alder leaves are oval or obovate, with a wide, rounded end and serrated or wavy edges. The leaf surface is smooth, wrinkled between the veins. The foliage grows alternately on short petioles. Stipules fall early.

At the end of spring, same-sex flowers bloom on the alder. Stamens are concentrated at the ends of young shoots in long flexible inflorescences (catkins). They are red-brown or yellow-brown in color. Catkins with pistillate flowers are shorter and denser spikes at the bottom of the shoot. Flowering begins with the blooming of the leaves.

Pollination occurs with the help of wind. After it, fruits ripen - miniature cones with woody scales. Ripening is completed by mid-autumn. Inside each nut there is a single nut with wings (rarely without them). The valves of a mature cone open and the seeds spill out. The release process may be delayed until spring. The wind carries the seeds over fairly long distances, and spring streams complete the migration process for many kilometers from the mother plant.

Alder species

Today, 29 species of plants are assigned to the alder genus. However, scientists cannot yet come to a consensus, since the plant itself is prone to modification and hybridization, therefore, some species are classified as hybrid varieties of others.

The plant lives in the temperate climate of Western Asia, North Africa and throughout Europe. It is a tree up to 35 m in height, often with several trunks up to 90 cm in diameter. The branches perpendicular to the trunk form a dense pyramidal crown with a diameter of about 12 m. The maximum growth rate is reached at the age of 5-10 years. The life cycle is 80-100 years. Single specimens live up to 3 centuries. The developed rhizome is located in the upper layers of the soil and is covered with nodules. The leaves are almost round in shape with pinnate venation. Their length is 6-9 cm, and their width is 6-7 cm. In early spring, 4-7 cm long earrings bloom at the ends of the branches. They have a yellowish-brown color. Pistillate catkins are almost black, they grow on an elongated flexible stem and are 1.2-2 cm long and up to 1 cm wide. The fruits do not exceed 3 mm in length. In autumn, their flattened notched surface becomes wrinkled, reddish-brown.

Very decorative and beautiful tree up to 20 m in height. Its trunk and branches are covered with almost smooth light gray bark, and young sprouts are dark red. At first, the green growth is densely pubescent, and then becomes bare. The ovate dark green leaves have a pointed edge and serrated sides. On the reverse side, the leaf plate is covered with reddish villi. Staminate inflorescences cast red-brown. Egg-shaped cones grow up to 15-25 mm in length.

An unpretentious spreading shrub or tree up to 20 m in height has a narrow ovoid crown. The cylindrical curved trunk reaches a width of 50 cm. Longitudinal outgrowths and depressions are clearly visible on it. The variety at an early age grows very quickly. The rhizome is located at a depth of up to 20 cm. The bark is dark gray, not sticky. The oval or lanceolate leaves have a smooth leathery surface above, and are densely covered with a silvery pile on the back. Their length is 4-10 cm, and their width is 3-7 cm. Flowering occurs in early spring, before the leaves bloom.

Alder wood

Alder is actively used in the woodworking and furniture industry. And although the wood of the plant is not distinguished by its high density and strength, it is popular for its lightness, resistance to decay and water. At a low cost, wood is quite light. It behaves well when dried (does not warp or crack). The advantage is the uniform color of the heartwood and sapwood.

Alder is used to make parts for wells, ships, interior decoration. It is with her that woodcarvers love to work. Thread spools and other small items are also made from this tree.

Alder firewood burns without excess soot and exudes a pleasant smell. This is the best material for a bath or cooking.

Reproduction methods

Alder is propagated by seeds, cuttings and root shoots. The most common is the seed method and especially self-sowing. By autumn, ripe cones begin to open and release seeds. During November-March, they fall into the ground and undergo natural stratification. After that, during the period of snow melting, the seeds are saturated with moisture and hatch. When planting, the seeds are embedded in the melted soil to a depth of 2.5-3 cm. In the first year, only a small sprout is formed and a rhizome develops. Gradually, the seedlings become stronger and quickly turn into a lush bush or a small tree. Every year it will add 50-100 cm in height.

Often young sprouts appear from the trunk. In just a year, their height can reach 1-1.5 m. In the spring, the offspring can be dug up and transplanted to a new place. It is recommended to keep a clod of old earth on the roots and not let it dry out.

In spring and summer, cuttings 12-16 cm long are cut from young shoots. They are rooted immediately in open ground. The best survival rate is shown by plants treated with a root formation stimulator. Cuttings need to be watered regularly. By autumn, the plants will take root and become strong enough to overwinter without shelter.

Landing and care rules

Alder is very unpretentious to the location and composition of the soil. It grows well in partial shade and in the open sun, on gummed loams and poor sandy soils. Thanks to its ability to enrich the earth with nitrogen, the alder itself will create a nutrient layer for itself and other representatives of the flora. The exception is black alder, which can grow normally only on nutritious and moist soil. It is suitable for ennobling and strengthening the coastal zone or beams, where groundwater comes close to the surface.

For planting, it is recommended to use soil with a neutral or slightly alkaline reaction. Lime, humus and fertilizer ("Kemira") are preliminarily introduced into the ground. Planting is best done during the growing season. A layer of drainage material (sand, gravel) is laid out at the bottom of the landing pit. Then straighten the roots and fill the free space with fertilized soil. The root neck should be flush with the surface. The earth is plentifully watered and tamped, and the surface is mulched with a layer of chopped straw, peat or wood chips.

Further care for the alder is practically not needed. In the year of planting, the plants must be watered more often, while avoiding stagnation of water in the upper layers of the soil. For better aeration of the roots, the earth is regularly loosened and weeds are removed. It is not necessary to wield the tool too deeply so as not to damage the roots.

Also in the first year, plants should be fed with compost or organic fertilizers. From next year, the need for this procedure will disappear.

On the eve of wintering, no special events need to be carried out, since alder is highly winter-hardy. She is not afraid of even harsh and snowless winters.

Medicinal properties

Alder can be called a useful and even healing plant, which has great benefits for human health. Cones, leaves, bark and roots contain tannins, flavonoids, minerals and vitamins. Alcoholic and aqueous infusions, as well as decoctions, are made from medicinal raw materials of black or gray alder. The drugs help with colds, bronchitis, irritations and ulcers on the skin, inflammation of the mucous membranes, bleeding. Alder has anti-inflammatory, astringent, hemostatic, expectorant effects.

A decoction of cones is drunk for colitis, dysentery, diarrhea, bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract, nose and mouth. They rinse their mouth with stomatitis and periodontitis. Root tinctures are recommended for women to normalize reproductive function and the menstrual cycle, to combat inflammation of the genital organs.

Usually, alder preparations have no contraindications, with the exception of an allergic reaction. However, everything needs a measure, it is not recommended to abuse and exceed the recommended dosages, since certain components tend to accumulate in the body.

landscape use

The oval, openwork crown of an alder with moving branches and fluttering leaves looks very lively. Plants do not suffer from urban air pollution, so they can be planted along the road. As a hedge, low trees or lush shrubs up to 3 m high are usually used. They are planted in a tape way rather densely and regularly shaped.

Large single-stemmed trees are used in single plantings or in groups over a large area. They are planted along paths and alleys. Also, alder can be used in compositions of shrubs and trees, combining plants with different colors and structures of foliage.

A deciduous tree or shrub belonging to the birch family, with entire leaves of a rounded, serrated or serrated-lobed shape. Both genders of flowers develop on the same shoot: male - earrings, female - spikelets located in the upper part of the crown. The fruits of the tree are small nuts, slightly flattened, bordered by narrow wings.

A rather moisture-loving plant, which often grows along the banks of rivers. Alder belongs to the species that improves the composition of the soil, grows rapidly, and in the fall retains green foliage for a long time. In places where wild alder grows, there are underground waters. And, besides that, they scare away the bear with it, sticking branches into the ground, in those places where the pest is seen. The bark is an unusual gray-green color.

Alder is planted with seeds, cuttings and shoots.

Different types of alder treat soils differently. For example, black alder prefers wet soils with stagnant water, and it also grows well in fresh, moist soils. It does not tolerate dry soils well: it grows slowly and dries quickly. Alder can grow well in humid climates and dry soils, as well as sandy ones.

A light-loving plant, moreover, black alder is more demanding of light.

Materials on Alder

In this section you will find posts on the care, cultivation, watering, reproduction Alder. Community users share tips and secrets among themselves. A huge number of photos.

The purpose of our project is the exchange of experience so that each project participant can learn how to care for a plant at home. .

Alder black, or sticky(Alnus glutinosa) is a frost-resistant and fast-growing deciduous tree that, in favorable conditions, lives up to 300 years and grows up to 35 meters. Black alder begins to bloom at the age of 10.

Black alder does not tolerate calcareous soils, likes moist fertile soil and grows well in a sunny or slightly shaded place. Alder feels especially good near water bodies, in wet areas. Alder belongs to plants that improve the soil: nodules are formed on its roots with microorganisms that absorb nitrogen from the air.

Black alder is used for medicinal purposes (decoctions of cones and bark, infusion of fresh leaves have bactericidal, astringent and hemostatic properties, help with gastrointestinal diseases); its beautiful pink wood is easy to work with. Alder is also good for decorating the garden - its foliage remains green until late autumn. Varieties of alder with decorative pale yellow leaves have been bred. Alder is also used to protect the garden from cold winds (as a backstage or hedge).

Alder is propagated by cuttings (in autumn in open ground), as well as by sowing seeds.
Alder blooms in March-April (even before the leaves appear), throwing out catkins; pollinated by the wind. Female flowers are combined into dark red spikelets, and then cone-shaped seedlings are formed from them. At first, alder cones are green, then they turn brown and ripen in autumn, but do not open until the end of winter and the beginning of spring. Therefore, ripe alder cones can be harvested for a very long period of time: from the moment of ripening until the moment the seeds fall out of the cones. Black alder seeds are small, flattened black nuts, equipped with two "antennae". To find out if the seeds are ripe, you need to rub the bump in your hand: ripe seeds will easily fall out of it.

A part of an alder branch with ripe cones is cut off and hung in a dry and warm place over a cloth. Warmth and dryness encourage buds to open and seeds to scatter. Then the alder branches with cones are additionally shaken over the cloth in order to remove the stuck seeds that did not fall out on their own. Dried and cleaned of debris alder seeds are recommended to be stored in a closed glass bottle for no more than 2 years.

Full-fledged alder seeds have good germination without any stratification. Black alder seeds are recommended to be sown less frequently (no closer than 5 mm apart) in order to provide seedlings with good conditions at the initial stage of growth. Alder plantings should be regularly and well moistened, but water should not be allowed to stagnate in them.

Gray alder is unfairly considered by many foresters to be a weedy tree, a waste tree, a tree that needs to be tormented rather than planted. This opinion is connected with the low commercial value of alder wood: it is too small, crooked and of little use. But gray alder, due to its ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen (with the help of bacteria living in nodules on its roots), is able to grow on the most depleted and degraded soils, gradually restoring the fertility of these soils. Alder is a very fast growing and hardy tree, so it is quite suitable for the cultivation of new forests (especially for use as an admixture with plantings of other trees).

Growing gray alder is practically no different from growing birch. Alder seeds do not need cold treatment: they sprout well without it. Another difference is due to the fact that alder cones do not crumble when collecting seeds, like birch catkins, and therefore the seeds are clean, without impurities. Sowing alder seeds in rows should be carried out in such a way that there are 200–500 seeds per 1 m of the bed length (i.e., seeds are located on average every 2–5 mm).

It should be noted that black alder, which is also widespread in the European part of Russia, differs significantly from gray alder in terms of growing conditions. This is a tree that is much more demanding on the richness and moisture of the soil, which requires very frequent watering and less frequent sowing when grown in nurseries. According to the requirements for permanent planting sites, black alder also differs significantly - it does not grow well on poor and depleted soils with poor moisture and is suitable for planting mainly on rich and wet soils along river banks. Black alder is more capricious and can hardly be recommended for cultivation in amateur forest nurseries.

Alder (Álnus) is considered one of the most common plants that thrive in temperate areas. Belongs to the Birch family and has more than 40 species. It is used in medicine and construction. In appearance, it is a bit like a birch, because during the peak of decorativeness, inflorescences appear in the form of earrings.

A deciduous tree (rarely a bush) a relative of birch, the species Alnus glutinosa is more common. It adapts well to various living conditions. Leaves are green and toothed. An amazing feature of alder is the pubescence on leaves, buds and shoots, which is considered a vital necessity for full growth.

The usual halo of alder habitat is considered to be swampy areas, tundra, subarctic climatic zone.

Kinds

The appearance of the plant is directly affected by the habitat. It is customary to distinguish trees by the height and shape of the leaves.

Italian (Alnus cordata)

In the vast wild lands of Italy, alder grows well on any soil, but areas near water bodies are considered a favorite place. The tree grows up to 20 m, with a diameter of about a meter. The crown is ovoid. Leaves bloom early, catkins appear already in March, leaf fall is observed with the advent of frost. When planning to plant a tree on a site, it is worth considering its moisture requirements, but alder does not tolerate areas with close groundwater. In the process of growth, the tree enriches the soil with nitrogen.

Alder hard (Alnus firma)

Shrub about three meters high. Native to the Japanese island of Kyushu. The plant is wind resistant. Leaves with serrated edges are located on thin and flexible shoots. A characteristic difference is considered to be denser wood than other species. Cones and inflorescences grow in pairs or singly.

Black (Alnus glutinosa)

Deciduous tree 30 meters high resists frost. In favorable conditions, it lives up to 250 years. Flowering begins when the alder reaches ten years of age. The plant does not tolerate calcareous soils well, but feels great in wet areas, sunny or shaded places. The wood is pale pink. Suitable for garden decoration, because the leaves last a long time and decorate with their green mass. Also, black alder is planted to protect the garden from the cold wind.

Gray (Laciniata)

A popular species that can be found in nurseries. Plants 6 meters high, which is convenient for planting in the garden in small areas. It has pointed dissected leaves. Gray alder is common in North America and Europe. Seeds are dispersed by wind or water. In Russia, it is popular in Siberia. The tree is 20 meters high and withstands winds very well. This type of plant tolerates stagnant water in the soil.

Vistula (Alnus cremastogyne)

Alder has chosen the territory of China. But today, many parks in England are also planting it. A tree about 40 meters high with hanging shoots, long narrow leaves. Flowering begins in March. Wood is susceptible to fungal attack that distorts the earrings, causing them to overgrow. Also, some types of microorganisms form "witch's brooms" on trees, similar in appearance to a bird's nest.

Japanese (Alnus japonica)

It can be found on the coast of Asia. The plant is characterized by olive-colored shoots. A tree 25 m high with a dense rounded crown and sparsely toothed smooth leaves. Inflorescences are collected in brushes. This variety is very common in landscape design.

Heart-leaved (Alnus subcordata)

Iran is considered to be the birthplace of the alder. A heat-loving tree that tolerates frost well, about 30 meters high, is characterized by rapid growth. Lives up to 120 years. This species often infects rot. Shoots olive or red-brown. Earrings are collected in a brush.

Green (Alnus alnobetula)

A fast-growing shrub with a round crown is unpretentious to growing conditions. It tolerates frost well and grows in the Arctic. In the tundra, alder can bloom in late July, early August. A tree with smooth dark gray bark grows up to 12 meters. Fruits in the form of winged nuts. Fruiting begins at the age of five.

Applications

The unpretentiousness of the tree to growing conditions allows it to be used in various fields, since it grows and develops rapidly, occupying an area of impressive size. The bark contains tannic components, it is used in folk medicine. Given the flexibility of wood, it is an excellent building material.

ethnoscience

The bark and leaves contain astringents. It is enough to apply a sheet of black alder to inflammation or a wound;
Those who suffer from constipation can help themselves by preparing an infusion of earrings;
In particular, folk medicine appreciates fruits that have anti-inflammatory, disinfectant and hemostatic properties;
Given the ability of alder components to reduce fermentation and cope with the processes of decay in the intestines, cone tincture is actively used in the treatment of gastric disorders;
This is an excellent remedy after taking antibiotics, when you need to populate the positive flora. Take one part of the cones, grind, pour water and boil for several minutes. Take a warm decoction in the morning, afternoon and evening, a tablespoon;
To lubricate inflammation and abscesses, you can prepare an ointment. They take the fruits of black alder (two parts) and one part of dried cinquefoil. Add aspen bark to them (two parts). The ingredients are mixed, a tablespoon of the collection is poured with boiling water, kept in a water bath for several minutes. After the mixture has cooled, add 70 ml of alcohol and 3 tablespoons of vegetable oil. Everything is shaken well and sent to a cold place for a week. The resulting drug lubricates the affected areas;
A tincture is prepared from the bark, which is excellent for fighting colds. To do this, add 5 parts of alcohol or vodka to one part of the bark. After 3 hours, the drug can be consumed. It is enough to take it in the morning at lunchtime and in the evening, 25 drops each. The dosage should not be exceeded;
Thanks to its special components, it is an excellent medicine for bleeding gums and stomatitis;
Leaves are no less useful. When going to the bath, you can take with you a whisk from young shoots. In the process of heating and under the influence of moisture, they exude a pleasant aroma, do an excellent job of cleansing the skin, and have a bactericidal effect;
You can reduce the manifestations of varicose veins by regularly applying leaf compresses to problem areas;
A decoction of the leaves is an excellent remedy for those who suffer from acute respiratory diseases. By exerting a diaphoretic effect, it allows you to speed up the healing process. Take 20 grams of leaves, pour a glass of boiling water, and insist in a warm place for half an hour. They filter, they use. 3 times a day before meals, 100 grams;
With green mass, you can make baths that will help to cope with abscesses, remove inflammation, diathesis in children.

landscape design

More often used shrubs that have a more decorative look. Specialists use alder to decorate the garden, it takes root well in any conditions, grows in wetlands. The difficulty appears in the acquisition of bush species, which are sold very rarely in nurseries. Shrubs are planted as hedges.

In industry

Soft and light wood allows the use of alder for furniture and construction. Its advantages include the uniform structure and high strength of wood, especially in contact with water. Today, wood is the main material for the production of barrels. In addition, dyes are made from the bark.

This is an excellent solution for those whose site is constantly flooded during the spring flood;
Alder is used to produce charcoal, which is used by artists to paint their masterpieces;
It also serves as a good quality fuel;
The wood is well impregnated with stain, therefore it is used to imitate other types of wood, as well as during the restoration work of objects made of valuable species.
The plant serves as the basis for the production of soundboards of musical instruments. For this purpose, black alder is considered the ideal solution, which is distinguished by a minimum number of knots. In addition, wood has good acoustic properties, which allow you to fully convey the sound of the instrument.

reproduction

It is worth noting that the seedlings grow independently at a breakneck pace, a year later they can reach 2 meters in height. New shoots also quickly appear on cut trees, forming a lush bush. But more often alder can be propagated by seed. Pollination occurs in early spring, when the catkins release yellowish pollen into the air. The main purpose of miniature microparticles is to fly to inflorescences on neighboring trees. The tree is also pollinated by bees. Earrings are male inflorescences, and spikelets are located at the top of the tree - female flowers. The fruits grow in the form of one-seeded oblate small nuts with small wings. They are placed in cones formed from female inflorescences. Two-millimeter seeds are poured out of the cones, which can be kept on the water, moving over distances.

Propagation of alder from seeds

Given the fact that alder restores the fertility of the land, it is very useful to plant it on plots. Work is carried out in May, when the weather is consistently warm. To grow a tree, you need to stock up on seeds that are harvested in the fall and stored in a cool, dry place. Seeds should be sprinkled on the ground, slightly pressed into the ground, but not buried. They are sprayed daily with a spray bottle. When the seeds are saturated with moisture and give miniature sprouts, they are planted in boxes.

When the sprouts reach 5 cm, the plants can be freely planted in the ground. It is important to maintain a distance of about 3 m.

Landing

A young seedling is planted in soil mixed with a nutrient mixture. One of the important components of the substrate is a glass of slaked lime in the pit. A year later, it is desirable to feed the alder with mineral fertilizers. The main rule for the full development of a seedling is the timely watering of young trees.

Care

Plants do not need special care. The only condition is abundant and regular watering at times of drought. This nuance allows alder to develop properly and delight with its decorative effect. The tree also does not need frequent feeding, since they themselves enrich the earth with useful components. After watering, it is desirable to make timely loosening to avoid soil compaction.

Mulch is welcome using peat, wood chips or ordinary grass, the layer of which should not be less than 5 centimeters.

It is important to remove the root processes. Having let the development of the plant take its course, very soon you will have to clear the site of annoying offspring.

Pests

It is believed that the tree is resistant to various insects, but this is not entirely true. He has pests.

corrosive tree

A large white butterfly with blue speckles on its wings. The peak of its development is in June. She lays her eggs under the bark and in the buds of the plant. After a while, yellowish caterpillars with dark specks on the body appear from them. Their danger is that they spoil the bark of the tree, absorb the wood. Therefore, if individual branches dry out, it is worth examining them for the presence of butterfly larvae. The presence of uninvited guests is also indicated by the foliage crumbling from the branches, often it takes on a brown hue. The pest makes holes in the bark. The main method of dealing with woodworm is the destruction of cut branches.

ringed moth

A light yellow butterfly that harms trees from July to August. From the larvae, green caterpillars appear, which feed on plant flowers and leaves. As a preventive measure, loosening of trunk circles is used. When they appear, the plants are sprayed with special preparations.

alder dicerka

A beetle that lays eggs under alder bark. White larvae feel great in the wood of the tree. In the spring they pupate. The areas of the bark on which the larvae hibernated die off. Having noticed beetles on the bark, it is important to spray the tree with chemicals in a timely manner.

Blue alder

A beetle of a beautiful blue color with a metallic sheen that feeds on plant leaves. The eggs are laid on the back side of the leaves. The larvae also feed on leaves. This pest can multiply rapidly, causing irreparable damage to nurseries. Therefore, it is advisable to carry out preventive spraying in the summer.

Having become acquainted with the advantages of planting alder on the site, you can safely go to the nursery or try to grow the tree yourself.

About the beneficial properties of Alder - in the video: