The Norwegian house is one of the most practical solutions for a home in a country with not too cold winters but lots of snow in winter and rain in summer.
In many ways, the conditions of Norway resemble the climate of our Northwest, and therefore a story about the features of a Norwegian house may be of interest to domestic builders.
A Norwegian house is an optimal combination of price, efficiency and quality of construction, multiplied by the preservation of national house building traditions.
Although at the mention of the words "Norwegian house" we immediately imagine a massive log cabin with a characteristic Norwegian cutting of locks, in fact, a typical Norwegian house looks quite different.
In the same way, Norwegian dachas differ from Norwegian houses.
Now our story will be about real Norwegian residential buildings:
A 19th-century Norwegian house from the coastal regions is practically no different from the houses of its northern European neighbors. Simple forms, acute-angled roofs, tiled roofs. The white color of a Norwegian house in the 19th century spoke of the wealth of a Norwegian homeowner: imported white paint cost seventy times more than red ocher, made from local raw materials. Therefore, most Scandinavian houses had (and have) a characteristic red-brown ocher color. White paint was bought only for platbands. However, there was also an option when only the main facade of the Norwegian house was painted white.
The post-war (WWII) Norwegian house is notable for its laconic forms and modest size. However, restraint and frugality have always been characteristic of the Norwegians. The Norwegian house is first of all convenient, rational and inexpensive in construction and operation. In a Norwegian house, as a rule, there is nothing superfluous. This applies to both external decoration and interiors, which we will talk about separately.
Post-war Norwegian houses were small and often prefabricated with wood paneling. Above is a plan of a typical post-war Norwegian house (1949). The plan shows a characteristic feature of all Norwegian houses: the combination of the kitchen and dining room into one space.
After the war, Norwegians became especially fond of American-style ranch houses. There are several explanations for this love for this type of houses. First, at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, about 800,000 Norwegians emigrated to the United States. After World War II, many of them or their descendants returned to Norway, bringing with them the most common post-war architectural style of mass housing in the United States. Interestingly, there are currently more Norwegians living in the US than in Norway itself.
Secondly, the layout of the ranch-style house was very well liked by the Norwegians: after all, squat elongated houses with a large common living room combined with a kitchen and dining room, with small bedrooms - this is nothing more than a modern reading of the classic Norwegian "long" viking houses. The picture shows the layout of a modern Norwegian "almost-long" house.
The predecessors of the "long" houses of the Norwegian Vikings were houses, the roof of which was built from an inverted "long" Viking boat. Therefore, the shape of the roof of the "long" Norwegian house has retained the traditional shape of the boat. The walls of the house were made of hewn logs placed vertically (barrel wall). Initially, the Norwegian "long" house was not divided into rooms (cattle were also kept there), but in the process of evolution of these houses they began to block out small bedrooms. The tradition of small bedrooms, which are easy to heat, has been preserved in Norwegian homes to this day.
In the Middle Ages, the traditional Norwegian longhouse was transformed from a frame structure into a typical Norwegian log house. In terms of layout, it was the same "long" house with a barn for cattle adjacent to the house. The traditional black color, which has also migrated to modern Norwegian houses, is the color of tree resin, which was used to protect wood.
Norwegian "long" house in a modern (XX century) two-story interpretation in classic Norwegian colors: ocher and white.
There are two categories of houses in Norway: houses for permanent residence and houses for rest in the mountains ("dachas" in our Russian sense). Some Norwegian holiday homes look like full-fledged residential buildings - they can only be distinguished by a flagpole with a Norwegian pennant. When the homeowner comes to rest, the pennant is raised on the flagpole. However, most Norwegian "dachas" continue the tradition of old small shepherd's houses in the mountains, where women with children went in the summer to graze cattle and prepare supplies for the winter. For many Norwegians, summer living in a mountain lodge is the happiest period of their childhood.
In some Norwegian country houses, the owners deliberately do not conduct electricity (although it is available almost everywhere - in Norway the state helps, rather than hinders the electrification of houses, does not introduce "social norms" for electricity consumption, does not kill small businesses with huge fines for "non-contractual" consumption of electricity, and etc.) The fact is that Norwegians during their weekends want to be closer to nature and recreate the authentic atmosphere of antiquity in their houses. In places where it is really impossible to supply electricity (high in the mountains), the Norwegians install autonomous home systems (solar panels) and bring gas in cylinders. here you can read about simple autonomous Norwegian home systems.
Such large and rich country houses as in the picture are relatively rare in Norway. As in other Scandinavian countries, in Norway it is considered bad manners to boast of one's wealth and build odious castle-like palaces. A large and rich house will have exactly the same constructive solution as an ordinary house: a frame insulated with mineral wool, sheathed with painted unplaned boards: a Norwegian house is simple and functional.
If the owner's homeowner has more financial means, then his house can be larger than the average Norwegian (average salary is more than 3000 euros per month). A wealthy Norwegian homeowner would rather invest not in the size of the house and a five-meter-high fence (there are practically no fences in Norway), but in good architecture and get one of the modern Norwegian architectural masterpieces (the work of the Norwegian architectural bureau WRB Architects is in the picture), and not a semblance of variegated fairy-tale castles from a bad parody of Disneyland, so often found in the vastness of our country.
In 1972, the Norwegian Council of Ministers decided not to develop the construction of multi-storey buildings in Norway. Therefore, instead of concrete high-rise buildings, nice two-story townhouses or private houses were built in Norway. Such houses do not need grandiose thermal power plants, colossal heat pipelines and other not the most economically rational utility solutions, of which modern Russia has become a hostage.
Contrary to popular belief, log houses made from traditional Norwegian gun carriages are not so widespread in Norway. In residential development, you will meet literally a few of them. Most of the houses from the gun carriage of the Norwegian felling are found in the form of cottages for recreation. The reason, apparently, is in the innate practicality of the Norwegians: wooden frame houses are much more energy efficient than a log thinned from the sides by a fire monitor.
The vast majority of Norwegian houses are built using frame technology. The first or basement floor can be cast from monolithic concrete or made from concrete or expanded clay concrete blocks if the house stands on a relief difference. The second floor will still be frame. Brick or gas-expanded clay and other concrete houses are practically not built. In conditions of high humidity, frequent temperature changes, these materials do not behave as well as a frame structure. Yes, and insurance for brick houses is much more expensive ...
As you can see in the picture, Norwegian frame houses are not built from 150 x 150 timber, as solid domestic builders like to do. The strength of the frame is due not only to the thickness of its elements, but to the single configuration of the frame as a whole. The dry plank of the frame of a Norwegian house will not lead like a damp beam. Such a frame of a Norwegian house will not shrink. Naturally, all elements of the frame of a Norwegian house are treated with antiseptics, which we also often ignore in the usual building race "faster-even faster".
Norwegian houses are mainly insulated with glass wool from the local Glava company.
Insulation thickness standards: roof and walls 20 cm. Present on the Norwegian insulation market and ecowool. In some variants of wall insulation, a 198 mm thick insulation + an inner layer of 50 mm insulation is used.
The walls of the vast majority of Norwegian houses - both private and public - are finished in the same way: sheathing with RAW board and multi-layer painting. The main colors of the walls of the Norwegian house: white, ocher, black, brown. The Norwegians conducted research and found that unplaned wood, unlike planed wood, absorbs paint better and resists the effects of natural and weather factors much better than planed painted wood. And we all sheathe the walls with a planed blockhouse and wonder why the paint (antiseptic) begins to peel off from it after 5 years ...
The wall cladding of a Norwegian house is made with a plank horizontally (ship type) or vertically (barrel type cladding).
The main types of foundations in Norway are an insulated Scandinavian (Swedish) slab and a shallow strip foundation with a monolithic slab covering the ground floor.
The foundation on the slopes, when there is a possibility of backwater from the slope, must be protected with a wall drainage membrane. Do not forget about wall underground drainage.
Basically, the roof of a Norwegian house is a natural material. Rolled bituminous roofs, bituminous tiles are the least common in Norway, and as a class there is practically no ondulin. Slate roofing is very common on Norwegian homes, as Norway mines its own slate. However, in our country there is slate, only beautiful and durable slate roofs in it, for some reason, are not observed ...
Wooden roofing is quite a rare option in Norway. Most often, wooden roofing can be seen on Norwegian holiday homes or tourist sites. Although, a properly arranged and treated with antiseptics, a wooden roof is no less durable than the same ondulin, beloved in the homeland, with a guaranteed service life of 15 years.
One of the most common roofing options for a Norwegian house is a simple ceramic or glazed ceramic tile.
Traditional Norwegian inverted green roofing is also most commonly found on Norwegian holiday homes or tourist/public buildings. In the photo: a concert hall near the house of Edvard Grieg in Bergen.
Unlike Sweden, where tiled or steel seam roofing reigns, metal tiles are widespread in Norway. Almost all metal-tiled roofs of Norwegian houses are black: this is how the roof of a Norwegian house warms up better and the snow melts off it faster.
Metal tiles on Norwegian houses are not used simple, but with a protective layer of basalt chips: this layer protects the roof better from UV rays and climatic factors.
Some types of basalt-coated metal tiles are difficult to distinguish from natural tiles in appearance. Please note that the nails of the metal tile are hammered exclusively along the end surfaces of the sheets - this reduces the likelihood of leakage of the roof of a Norwegian house.
The most ingenious version of a cheap and durable roof: reinforced fiber-reinforced concrete casting dyed in mass from a sheet of ordinary metal tiles. I saw such a roof in a single copy - apparently, this is the know-how of the homeowner.
Heating of a modern Norwegian house is most often electric convectors and warm electric floors. Traditionally, fireplaces and cast-iron potbelly stoves are installed in houses, which can quickly heat the house. The chimneys of a modern Norwegian house are most often the Shidel chimney (a ceramic modular pipe in basalt insulation inside an expanded clay concrete block). today it is the safest and most reliable chimney design.
Old brick chimneys are restored by lining them with a stainless steel bellows pipe or composite stainless steel sleeves. The decoration of the chimneys of a Norwegian house is traditional: a flat sheet of slate on four stones or bricks, which is pressed on top with cobblestones. There are options for concrete composite deflectors for the chimney, as in the previous picture.
Ventilation is brought to the roof with the help of steel "chimneys" - plastic on the roof of a Norwegian house is not held in high esteem. There are options for organizing the ventilation of a Norwegian house, when several ventilation ducts are brought into one such extended cap, which is ventilated at the top point.
In the living rooms of Norwegian houses, windows are made panoramic: without bindings and the maximum possible size, so that sitting in the living room you can feel unity with the surrounding landscape.
The interior coloring of the Norwegian house is a continuation of the surrounding nature, which enters the Norwegian house through the panoramic windows. You can read about the features of the modern Norwegian interior in a separate article.
Solid fences around a Norwegian house are extremely, extremely rare - only in cases where they cannot be dispensed with: for example, next to a busy highway. In all other cases, if you want to hide the Norwegian house from prying eyes, a green hedge is arranged. In most cases, the fences around Norwegian houses are simply missing or made in the traditional European style of fences.
The area around the Norwegian house is marked, if necessary, with a low picket fence or a low grid.
We hope you enjoyed our story about Norwegian houses.
If you offer a Norwegian to build a house from gas silicate, then he will most likely be very surprised: why build from blocks? The descendants of the Vikings mostly live in frame houses. And they don’t have phobias about mice in insulation or wind-blown walls. Maybe they build something differently? We talked with a man who spent 8 years in Norway on construction sites. He says that the Norwegian frame house and the Belarusian one are really different.
Reason for surprise
Maxim left to work in Norway in 2008. There he quickly found a use for himself - he got a job in a firm for the construction and repair of houses. The gained construction experience in Belarus turned out to be in demand - frame houses are just at the peak of popularity here. Maxim opened a small company, which, of course, is engaged in the construction of frame houses.
“In Norway, very profitable loans are issued for construction for a very long period,” Maxim says. - Therefore, the cost of a finished house of 300 thousand euros does not scare anyone here. Naturally, their materials are more expensive, the labor of a builder is much more appreciated.
At the construction site of a house using Scandinavian technology
At the same time, Maxim says that when he studied the competitive environment, he came to the conclusion that among all the frame-building organizations there are very few that would adhere to already proven technologies - everyone has their own “know-how”. But most of all, he was struck by the prices of some competitors - with this quality, Belarusian frame houses should cost half as much. How can you sell a cottage for the price of a house?
What is the difference between the Norwegian and Belarusian frameworks?
Viking house
Photo damdom.bel Norwegians live in small houses, "squares" by 130 -170. "Doraga and bagata" are not being built here. Outwardly, these are ordinary one-story houses with an attic. The height of the ceilings in the Norwegian house is 2.4 -2.5 m. In the attic it is even lower. At the same time, the average Norwegian male is under two meters tall. It's just that a house with low ceilings has a smaller volume, it is easier and cheaper to heat it. Standard layout: open area on the ground floor with a kitchen, dining room and living room, bedrooms on the second floor.
warm foundation
It's hard to believe, but Norwegians don't deepen the foundations for their houses much. How it all happens: a bulldozer arrives, which removes the vegetable soil in the building spot. Gravel or crushed stone (not sand!) Is filled up, rammed. Further, a concrete reinforced pillow 20 cm high and 60 wide is made under the walls. Further, it’s not at all our way - hollow polystyrene foam blocks are installed around the perimeter. Between themselves they are connected by a special lock. From the outside, the block comes already finished. Concrete is poured inside the cavities. Immediately obtained insulated tape.
foundation block
However, this is not all - crushed stone is poured into the foundation, leveled and rammed. Waterproofing is laid, then plates of dense extruded polystyrene foam are laid with a layer of 150–200 mm. Next, the reinforcing mesh is laid out and everything is poured with concrete. The end result is a flat slab. On the other side of the foundation, a warm blind area is made - polystyrene foam on a compacted gravel backfill. The height of the foundation, if the site is flat without height differences, is only 60 cm.
Norwegian house near Minsk, www.damdom.bel But Maxim did not see pile foundations in Norway - maybe because their soils are often rocky. Well, or for the reason that with a pile foundation it is difficult to make a warm floor, and it is almost mandatory in Norwegian houses.
“The fact is that frame houses are low-inertia,” Maxim explains. - That is, they quickly heat up, but also quickly cool down without a working heating system. A concrete floor serves as an excellent heat accumulator. Moreover, in the Norwegian frame you can find brick partitions, massive stoves, which also work as heat accumulators.
norwegian frame
For the frame, only calibrated planed timber of technical drying is used. For roof trusses, glued timber is often used. If a beam with a cross section of more than 150 mm is used, it will also be glued.
Sectional wall Rigidity to a framework is provided with jibs and the top bearing crossbar. All building materials are produced to standard sizes. For example, between the centers of the racks of the frame - 60 cm, between the racks - a distance of 55 cm. Therefore, all heaters have a width of 57.5 cm - 2.5 cm goes into compression. It does not need to be cut, it fits snugly between the racks of the frame. Finishing material is a multiple of 60 - 1.20 m, 2.4 m. There is practically no waste. In our country, manufacturers do not work to the standards of a frame house - there is no standard frame. All construction is adjusted to the dimensions of building materials.
MDVP boards 
An interesting nuance - Norwegians do not use impregnations for wooden frame elements - they build frames without antiseptics.
The Norwegian carcass pie is also different from ours. It obeys the main rule - vapor permeability should increase from the inside out. The role of hydrowind protection is performed by slab material - MDVP (soft fibreboard). (You can also buy it from us - Steico, Beltermo, Izoplat). Wax impregnated materials are used for external walls. As a rule, the plates have a thickness of 30 mm or more, they are attached to the frame racks from the outside. In addition to protecting the insulation in the walls, MDVP is an additional layer of insulation. Further, according to Norwegian standards, the walls are sheathed on the outside with waterproof plasterboard. Then through the lath - a wooden facade made of unplaned boards. This is the most common finish. Why uncut? To make the paint penetrate the wood better. Such facades are repainted every 10 years.
Lathing under a wooden facade on moisture-resistant drywall 
Special "comb" from the penetration of rodents into the ventilation gap From the inside, the walls are usually sewn up with a vapor barrier with gluing of the seams.
In Norway, no one will understand you if you ask, do the walls breathe? They build thermos houses, and "breathing", that is, air exchange, is possible only through supply ventilation with recuperation. Just like that, and nothing else.
If there is ecowool inside the walls, then you can use a special active membrane with low vapor permeability. Such a wall will work like in a wooden house From the inside, the walls are sheathed without fail with two layers of drywall.
It is worth noting that the casing of the GKL frame on both sides is the fire safety standards of Norway (such standards are valid in all Scandinavian countries).
The minimum thickness of the insulation in the walls is from 200 mm, in the ceilings - 350 mm. In most cases, this is basalt wool, less often -. It is worth saying that the Norwegians are very concerned about heat saving - new houses are built using passive house technologies, with minimal energy consumption.
The windows in the houses are all wooden. Plastic can only be found in administrative buildings. Moreover, even the profiles of wooden windows are made here with a thermal break.
Another nuance is the design of external window sills. On the houses of Norway you will not see our favorite metal tile. Metal, with the exception of a high-quality fold, is not in honor here. But what they really love here is this. Because it is heavy, and, of course, cheaper than ceramic.
What are the Norwegians warming up to?
Norway is a gas producing country, but most private houses are heated by electricity. Gas is very expensive compared to electricity. In addition, they have a widespread farm settlement system, and supplying gas to each farm costs a lot of money. But Norwegians practically do not count kilowatts - thanks to the many hydro and wind power plants, energy in the country is abundant and cheap. This is evidenced by the fact that Norwegians “forget” to turn off the facade lighting even during the day. In Norway, they are actively switching to electric vehicles, and the state encourages this - soft loans for the purchase, free charging, parking and motorways. That is probably why there are so many Tesla cars in the country.
In the near future we will tell you how Norwegians are repairing frame houses that have stood for more than 40 years.
Traditionally, Norwegian houses are built small to keep warm, with steep, low roofs to allow snow to slide off. The windows are small (because the glass lets heat through) and there is always a fireplace or wood-burning stove in the center of the house to keep the house warm during cold weather.
In the old days, sod roofs were common for Norwegian houses, which were made from the bark of trees, sprinkled with earth, with sprouted grass, which did not allow the bark to curl. As it turns out, roof turf has good insulating properties, keeping the house warm in winter and cool in summer.
The houses are built of wood, so they "breathe". It is rare to see a brick house (although in the 70s there were certain trends for brick houses), but because they are prone to destruction and cracking due to moisture, they did not take root in the Norwegian climate (and their price is much higher than wooden ones). Slate is available in Norway and most houses use shingles for roof decking as they are quite durable and easy to replace. However, some owners opt for cheaper types of roofing, such as metal slate or shingles.
Having a house with windows facing southwest is the best option in Norway as the house will have daylight and sunlight. The houses usually have a patio (terrace) or a balcony on the sunny side, equipped with sun loungers, chairs, a table, a barbecue, and also decorated with floor and hanging flower pots.
Norwegians are very fond of floriculture. Everyone has their own planting schedule that lasts all summer, because they always have the area near the house decorated with flowering plants in their gardens. Very often, plants, herbs and flowers spread through the fence, but this gives a special charm to the street.
However, not many houses have fences. If the house has a fence, then it does not exceed a height of a meter and is always made of wood. You will never see dogs running around the streets or backyard without their owners. Norwegians never keep dogs outside as guards.
All yards have street lights. In winter, for safety, they must be constantly turned on. After the rains fall, the residents of the houses clean their yards by shoveling snow onto the main road, and then the city utilities collect a pile of snow at the end of the street.
Old fishermen's houses have become quite popular for living. They are close to the sea, usually well located. The houses are often connected in groups and create a "miniature" effect, as if they were built for a family of dwarfs. As cities grow, more people live in "urban" apartments - minimalist studios attract the business class.
In rural Norway, many people still live in old farmhouses far from civilization. Many people live on islands and rely on barges to get to the mainland. Norwegians are very practical. Sometimes you will see small fishing houses on a small island or a small group of mining cottages in the mountains. These cottages are not their real homes - they are a place to stay while they work in shifts for weeks.
One thing is for sure, Norwegians love being at home and they put a lot of effort into making it cozy and beautiful. There are many different types of wooden houses and I'm sure each has its own story. If you are in Norway, be sure to take a stroll through the pretty streets, especially in the old towns. You'll see cute little houses with pretty gardens and flower pots that are definitely worthy of filling up your camera's memory card.
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Norwegian-style houses differ from modern buildings not only in the material used, but also in the construction process. All of them are built using environmentally friendly material - wood. Used in construction
Typical Norwegian wooden house
If the first two types of timber have long been known to everyone, then the carriage began to appear relatively recently in our country. What does he represent? This is a log that has a semi-oval shape.
This method of wood processing appeared relatively recently. On the one hand, the log has an even shape, and on the other, it is semicircular. This makes it possible to use the flat surface of the material indoors, and the convex surface - outside.
Wood has long been used to build houses and today it can be found in any region.
The main characteristics of wood:
- strength,
- reliability,
- durability,
- environmental friendliness,
- ease of use,
- thermal insulation,
- practicality,
- has excellent air exchange,
- Pretty easy to finish.
In countries where the harsh winter climate,. Such work is carried out outside and inside at the same time. There is nothing difficult in this.
But for a Norwegian house, this will not need to be done, since according to the construction technology, insulation work can be carried out selectively.
Characteristics of Norwegian houses
Projects of Norwegian houses are quite popular, they are used for the construction of a country house or. The Norwegian layout differs from ours in that it involves a fairly large and roomy kitchen. The house also has a small living room compared to the kitchen, two small bedrooms.
As for the shape of the structure, it can be any. But, as a rule, houses using Norwegian technology are built in a square or rectangular shape, one-story and two-story. Everything will depend on the scale of the building and on the functionality assigned to the house.
Small Norwegian house project The roof of the Norwegian house does not have too much slope, so the ceilings are low. Their height can reach 2.30-2.50 m, in some cases even less.
Reasons for the popularity of the Norwegian style in building a house
Norwegian houses have become popular not only with the use of wood. This material was used in the construction of houses in Russia. It's all about the laying of timber and the construction technology itself. A large role in the finishing of building material is played by cutting wood, which can be carried out using special equipment or manually. In the latter option, it is possible to use a hand tool when the technique cannot cope with the finish.
All Norwegian technology houses have a very massive and fundamental appearance, as large logs are used in the construction. It is worth considering that Norwegian houses are a small type of building and, accordingly, there are small windows in it. In such a house, everything is made of wood, even spillways.
The houses are brightly decorated. Previously, black, gray and brown were used as primary colors.
At the moment, in Norway, the decoration of houses is used:
- green,
- Orange,
- blue,
- bright red.
Modern technologies for the production of roofing materials have become more advanced, but despite this, the roof is of great importance in such an environmentally friendly structure, in those parts it is grassy. It not only helps to normalize the temperature regime in the house, but also creates an oxygen cushion - the structure constantly breathes. Also, a “green” roof protects the house from freezing in winter, and in summer, when sunlight hits it, it helps protect the house from overheating.
One-story house built according to Norwegian technology with a grassy green roof Advice. To prevent moisture from entering the building through such a roof, it is necessary to carry out certain work using insulating materials.
Project and construction technology of a frame Norwegian house In such a house, everything is compact - a small kitchen area, which can be connected to the living room, which saves space, or can be a separate functional room; a small living room with an area of \u200b\u200bup to 10 squares. There are one or two bedrooms - it depends on the area of the house.
If earlier all frame houses that were built according to Norwegian technology had one floor, then over time they began to turn into full-fledged two-story buildings that could accommodate several families.
Beforehand, a foundation is being built for such a house. After that, a frame is built on it. For this, wood is used, as a rule, profiled timber or well-finished boards.
After the frame of the Norwegian house is ready, they begin to sheath it. This is done with a gun carriage or beam. It is also very common to use plywood or OSB sheets. Such materials are also environmentally friendly and practical. The house can be covered with the same timber or any natural finishing material, such as a block house.
Norwegian frame house insulation technology Advice. In order for the building to be operated in our climatic conditions for a long period of time, it will be necessary to make a quality workpiece for the construction of materials. It is from them that the quality of construction will depend.
