In the conditions of severe Russian frosts in the winter season, the topic of warming the facade of the house becomes especially relevant. There are a huge number of options for insulation, and all methods of insulating the facade of the house have their advantages and disadvantages, but the most reliable and effective is finishing the facade of the house with plaster.
Experts sometimes call this method the creation of the so-called "wet facade". When creating it, a very thin layer of plaster is used, which is evenly distributed over all the walls of the building. Under this layer, a layer of insulation is placed. And what kind of insulation was chosen depends on what materials for plastering should be used.
Which heater to choose
So, the very first question that a person who decides to decorate his house with plaster should ask himself is what kind of insulation will be used. It can be a plate of mineral wool, expanded polystyrene, mineral wool insulation with vapor-permeable properties, etc.
Styrofoam board is a vapour-tight, water-resistant material that cannot be destroyed due to exposure to water.
For those who are looking for a durable insulation that will protect the house from the cold for many years, as well as prevent fires, mineral wool insulation will be an ideal option. In addition, it has vapor permeability and water repellency. Such plates can have either one or two layers, the second type of plates is better to use in the traditionally cold regions of our country with very low temperatures in the winter season. When buying such a heater, it is important to make sure that they are intended specifically for further finishing with plaster - that is, for a “wet facade”. Choosing such insulation of the facade of the house, you need to buy vapor-permeable plaster.
You can also choose such a heater as a slab of polystyrene foam. It is a vapor-tight, water-resistant material that cannot be destroyed by exposure to water. This insulation option is less expensive than the previous one, but no less effective. When choosing plaster for such a heater, it is not necessary to pay attention to its vapor-permeable properties.
Choosing a heater from the two proposed above, you should not focus solely on its cost. It must be remembered that a house is being built and insulated for many years, so excessive savings in this matter are inappropriate. But not even durability and strength are the main criteria. The main selection criterion is the properties that the load-bearing walls of the house have, which are to be insulated.
So, mineral wool insulation with good vapor-permeable properties is ideal for gas silicate and aerated concrete walls. In addition, it has proven itself well in combination with wooden and frame walls.
If we are talking about the insulation of brick walls, as well as walls made of materials such as cinder block or concrete block, then you should opt for a foamed polymer insulation.
Choice of plaster system
So, when the insulation is selected, it's time to think about choosing a plaster system. As a rule, those materials that are included in the plastering kit are prescribed by the manufacturer. Typically, this includes a primer, glue, facade paint, plaster composition, as well as parts intended for fixing work. Manufacturers select the ideal composition of materials, which is able to guarantee the most optimal compatibility of the properties of the insulation layer.
Therefore, when buying, you must first of all spend time reading the instructions. In addition, it is better to stop at buying a plaster system from a well-known and well-established manufacturer. Then the likelihood that the insulation will be performed efficiently and for a long time.
Even when using a fairly dense plaster, as a result, a very thin layer of it remains on the walls.
Which plaster to choose
Looking at how the facades of photo houses are insulated, how plastering is done, you can find that even when using fairly dense plaster, as a result, a very thin layer of it remains on the walls. However, it reliably protects the house and its inhabitants from frost.
Often preferred is a thin-layer finishing plaster, which after application has a thickness of only a few millimeters.
Today on the shelves of hardware stores there are several types of such plaster:
- acrylic;
- mineral;
- silicone;
- silicate.
All of them are quite durable and set quickly when applied. Due to this, the insulation of the facades of apartment buildings or private ones with the help of plaster is a simple task, much more convenient than the insulation of the facade of a house with foam plastic.
Very many, insulating their home, opt for finishing it with plaster. This is a really good solution to solve the problem of cold at home.
koffkindom.ru
Finishing the facade of the house and insulating it with plaster has long ceased to be the only available solution. This article will consider mounting methods and materials intended for attachment to a special frame. Depending on the specific gravity of the facing material and the size of the building, the frames themselves are made of wood, steel angle, channel, steel pipes of rectangular section.
Cladding with sheet materials
Finishing and insulation of facades , using metal corrugated board and mineral insulation, is one of the most affordable and inexpensive ways.
True, until recently, only warehouse and industrial buildings and structures were sheathed with corrugated board. Now, new, very interesting varieties of profiled sheets have appeared on the market.
Now not only low price is a key advantage of corrugated board:
- with a polymeric bilateral covering (+ wide color scale);
- with an aesthetically diverse profile wave (there are semicircular designs that imitate a log surface, there are waves with different pitch and wave height, similar to a plank or siding surface);
- increased strength, capable of carrying additional loads.
As for the installation features, the insulation and decoration of the facade of the house begins the preparation of the necessary materials and tools:
- perforator;
- grinder with a cutting wheel;
- screwdriver;
- cutting scissors for metal;
- building level;
- glue;
- mineral sheet insulation, or sheet polystyrene foam;
- wind vapor barrier - a special roll material, a membrane (sometimes a dense plastic film is used);
- fasteners for corrugated sheets (possibly with decorative caps), fasteners for insulation (dish-shaped dowels 5 pcs per sq. m. of the wall), fasteners for the anchor profile in the wall, brackets;
- metal profile for the frame, or wooden beam;
- profiled sheet with corner elements and details from which it will be necessary to make basement and overhead drains.
Installation of the frame starts from the bottom, the entire perimeter of the house must be tied with a leveling belt.
Next, the crate of the frame is mounted
Here are some important points:
- When choosing the length of the bracket, please note that the distance from the load-bearing wall of the house to the edge of the frame should cover the thickness of the insulation layer, and the ventilated gap of 25-30 mm (between the sheet and the insulation).
- Frame facades belong to the class of ventilated facades, where the gap prevents the accumulation and condensation of moisture on the structural elements. This means that the insulation of the facade of the house and finishing in this way will save you from the threat of dampness and the occurrence of fungus on the inside of the wall.
Further, the frame is mounted in such a way that, taking into account the door and window openings, the cells between the horizontal and vertical load-bearing profiles correspond to the size of the insulation boards.
- Insulation plates should fit snugly into the cells. First, they are installed pointwise on the glue, and then finally fixed with dish-shaped dowels.
- After the installation of the insulation is completed, the entire surface is covered with a vapor barrier (or film), it is fastened with self-tapping screws, there must be an overlap of at least 100 mm along the edges. Next, a basement tide is attached around the entire perimeter, and window and door tides.
- Next, the corrugated board itself is attached.
Warming and finishing of facades , other materials on the technology of ventilated facades is very close, so we will not dwell on it in detail.
wood cladding
Of course, a special place is occupied by facade decoration and insulation. , using natural or composite wood. This option is much more expensive, and natural wood requires care and regular impregnation with an antiseptic, but the look and texture of natural wood creates comfort, warmth and that very unique atmosphere of a home is worth it.
And the option of using a polymer-composite board is especially interesting. Such a board is very durable, does not require maintenance and impregnation, and is immediately produced with grooves that are convenient for installation.
In addition, the modern choice of a composite board allows you to implement almost any design idea, and the price of the issue remains within reasonable limits. As a result, your house will look original, solid and respectable, especially since the installation of such a facade can be done by hand with one or two assistants, simply following the instructions from the manufacturer, and common sense.
Facing with stone and facade tiles
Warming the house and finishing the facade with porcelain stoneware, or slabs of artificial or natural stone, is one of the most difficult and time-consuming ways.
But as the English say: my house is my fortress, and therefore if you build for centuries and are ready to put your soul and zeal into your house, then it is quite possible to complete such a facade on your own.
The main thing here is to take into account the large weight of the material, and therefore special attention should be paid to the reliability and strength of the scaffolding, and many manufacturers of facade tiles offer special metal holders (kleimers) as a supporting frame.
So, having made calculations of the required amount, and having studied the features and properties of the material, you can safely proceed with the installation. We also recommend that you see how the house is finished and insulated from foam blocks.
|
facade material |
Price range |
Flaws |
Advantages |
|
|
Decking |
Aesthetically imperfect, can make noise under significant wind loads |
Simplicity and speed of installation durability, not flammable. |
||
|
aluminum siding |
Labor-intensive installation |
Durability, aesthetic diversity (bright colors, board imitation, etc.), non-flammable. |
||
|
natural wood |
average; high |
It is short-lived, the complexity and laboriousness of installation, it burns well. |
Excellent appearance, high heat and sound insulation properties (often no additional insulation is needed) |
|
|
Composite wood |
Relatively high price, lit. |
Excellent aesthetic appearance, durability, high heat and sound insulation properties. |
||
|
Ceramics, natural and artificial stone |
Labor-intensive installation, relatively high cost |
Excellent decorative properties, the most durable, non-flammable. |
And summing up, we present to your attention a summary table of technologies and materials indicating the main advantages and disadvantages. For more information, we recommend watching the video.
stroi-dom-info.ru
General description of the problem
Increased heat loss depends not only on the materials from which the house is built. Over time, leak zones form, this can be:
- destruction of interpanel seams;
- cracking of the main building material due to frost (the problem of houses made of foam blocks);
- changes in the characteristics of the walls, for example, due to wear;
- drop in the characteristics of the existing thermal protection.
In all cases, the problem can be solved. Insulating the facade of a house with modern materials can also be a way to significantly improve the performance of a building, drastically reducing heating costs and increasing the level of comfort for residents.
The technology of facade insulation, in general, is quite simple. However, reducing everything to a single denominator is not worth it. There are problematic structures, first of all, old wooden houses. In addition, a complex insulation system may require highly qualified performers and significant financial investments. Let us dwell on the most common ways to reduce heat loss. To do this, it is worth considering the existing methods, designs and the facade insulation used.
A little about basic terms
When studying reference materials, it is easy to come across the concepts of a wet, well, ventilated facade. There are also generalized names, such as siding or decorative thermal panels. Basic things to know about facades:
- The wet facade is based on the use of plasters or other finishing coatings, which can be combined with the use of different classes of insulation. The name of the technique was due to the fact that special measures for waterproofing the wall are not applied during the decoration.
- Thermal insulation of facades is sometimes performed using the principle of well placement. At the same time, roughly speaking, a heater is attached to the surface of the existing wall, after which a layer of hydroprotection is formed and masonry is made of decorative, silicate, red brick. As a result, the thermal insulator layer is located between the two walls.
Well placement - Ventilated and other complex classes of facades have good characteristics, are durable, and are mounted using special techniques and profiles. Such decoration is not only a way to insulate the facade of the house from the outside, but also a means to increase its aesthetic appeal.
Ventilated and other complex facade classes Depending on the existing characteristics of the building and financial possibilities, it is quite easy to carry out external insulation of facades and create any level of thermal protection, literally getting a new home with new comfort indicators.
Some types of insulation are very problematic to create for the facades of a wooden house. In the article, when considering materials and methods, it will be separately noted how thermal insulation of a facade with complex walls is applied.
Proven, effective, but rarely used
The most classic way to reduce heat loss is to finish the facade with plaster.
In contrast to skeptical opinions, here are the facts:
- mixtures using expanded clay are light, have low thermal conductivity;
- the use of reinforcing meshes allows you to create a durable thick layer of plaster;
- for wooden houses, plastering can be an excellent solution not only in terms of insulation, but also leveling the wall surface before installing the main facade system.
The main disadvantage of plaster is its low strength.
However, subject to the stability of the walls (shrinkage of the building is completed), the finishing layer, with the right choice of materials, can exist for many years without degrading performance, but exposure to moisture and temperature changes has a very negative effect on the service life.
Warming the facade of a private house made of wood by plastering can be extremely effective. A thick layer of expanded clay mixture on shingles will level the walls and increase thermal protection. And the outer layer of durable compositions on a reinforcing mesh will improve the appearance of the facade, guarantee a high service life, and significantly strengthen the surface. In addition, this method of insulation is quite cheap.
The use of various heaters
The most common segment of insulation techniques includes the use of various thermal insulation materials. In general, heaters are mounted on the wall, and then covered with a protective layer of plaster, masked with decorative panels. Each class of thermal insulator has its own advantages and disadvantages. They must be taken into account when deciding how to insulate the facade of the house.
Styrofoam
Styrofoam is obtained by the action of water vapor on polystyrene granules, which swell and stick together into a monolithic layer. From here you can immediately draw a conclusion about the pros and cons of the material.
The positive qualities include:
- low weight;
- the convenience with which the insulation is installed on the facade and cutting elements of the desired size;
- low thermal conductivity.
More cons:
- fragility;
- a sharp change in properties when the technological service life is exceeded (crumbles into granules);
- some gas and steam conductivity;
- combustibility, the ability to maintain a flame in the air of normal composition.
However, the combination of low price, ease of operation, good thermal protection makes wall insulation with foam plastic very attractive.
Styrofoam Expanded polystyrene, polyurethane foam, extruded materials
Styrofoam is, roughly, an improved version of Styrofoam. The process of obtaining it looks like this: polystyrene granules are heated, melted, forming a homogeneous mass. After treatment with steam under pressure, the material foams and hardens, forming a strong structure of cells filled with air.
The advantages of polystyrene foam:
- in terms of strength, expanded polystyrene is much higher than polystyrene;
- steam and gas tight;
- has an excellent coefficient of elasticity;
- quite flexible and yet easy to process.
Insulation of the facade with polyurethane foam allows you to achieve improved performance of thermal insulation, sound insulation, but a noticeable increase in the cost of this material limits its use.
Styrofoam Mineral wool of different classes
One of the cheap, familiar, safe heat insulators is mineral wool. Today, materials are produced for the insulation of the facades of houses of this class in the form of mats of various thicknesses. The problem of mineral wool is that moisture and condensation can accumulate in the insulation layer.
Although there is no rotting, proliferation of bacteria and mold, the finish becomes heavier, gains mass, and gives moisture to the wall. Therefore, insulation with mineral wool is done only with the use of vapor protection and waterproofing measures. Modern basalt wool is also produced in the form of dense structures, which are ideal in terms of installation, as they can be finished with plaster with great convenience.
Mineral wool Foam concrete, aerated concrete
Blocks are convenient if you want to insulate the facade of the house. They are mounted in the form of masonry, additionally lubricating the wall with an adhesive solution, which "at the same time" acts as a waterproofing agent. With a large area of panels, dowel-umbrellas are used for installation.
This type of material is lightweight, do-it-yourself facade insulation does not require high qualifications, after laying a flat surface is formed, but there is a noticeable and very unpleasant problem. Foam block and aerated concrete react extremely poorly to freezing. Even careful waterproofing does not guarantee the formation of small cracks and accelerated destruction of the material in cold weather.
foam concrete Decorative thermal panels
We are talking about a fairly large segment of products that are a kind of composite, which is a heater and exterior finish. The role of the first is most often polystyrene or polyurethane foam. The decorative thermal protection panel is simply glued to the wall surface with a special solution.
Ease of use and a good level of heat retention can be attributed to a clear advantage. To the negative features - low reliability of fastening, the increase of which is achieved only by using dowels-umbrellas or other special means that violate the appearance of the panel surface.
Decorative panels Expanded polypropylene
Expanded polypropylene is a structure made of foamed plastic. This material is widely used for packaging office equipment, various goods. Roughly speaking, this is a “whipped with a mixer” bag from a supermarket, in which every little thing is placed.
The convenience of the material includes low weight, there are more disadvantages - low rigidity, low strength, combustibility, instability of the structure. In practice, foam propylene is used only in a limited range of works on facade insulation; basically, the material occupies its clear segment in ventilated structures.
Foam propylene Technique for creating a wet plaster facade
Everyone probably knows and understands how to insulate the facade of a house with plaster. The work is done like this:
- the wall is cleaned, if necessary, cracks, cracks are puttied, obviously damaged areas of the surface are removed;
- when applying a thin layer, installation of a reinforcing mesh is not required. The finished building mixture is diluted, applied evenly, rubbed with the rule;
- if the facade insulation provides for the overlay of a large layer (over 5 cm), galvanized wire meshes (chain-links) are used, which are attached to the wall with dowels. For a wooden wall, a mesh is created - shingles.
With the help of modern compositions, you can do without a grid, combining a thick layer of starting plaster and a thin layer of finishing plaster. For better insulation results, it is recommended to use mixtures based on expanded clay. When working on the insulation of facades, it is easy to achieve an attractive appearance with the help of decorative plasters.
The method of insulation with foam plastic, foam blocks, thermal panels
The technology of facade insulation with foam plastic, polyurethane foam, thermal panels, foam concrete looks almost the same:
- The wall is leveled, in the conditions of panel construction - the seams are sealed.
- The surface is treated with penetrating primers, if necessary - with protection against the formation of mold.
- The primary layer of adhesive composition is applied, after which the panels are mounted.
- Insulation with polyurethane foam, foam concrete, foam plastic is most often produced using dowels-umbrellas.
The first, lower row of insulation elements are laid in level, on a special profile. Thermal panels for the facade of the house may include the use of a special adhesive composition that will not cause damage to the decorative surface, securely fixing the finishing element on the wall.
Facade insulation scheme - After the insulation is installed, the surface is finished. A thin layer of adhesive is applied to it, a plastic reinforcing mesh is mounted, after which a layer of finishing plaster is applied.
- To create a neat appearance, decorative mixtures are used or staining is performed.
Mineral wool insulation technique
You have to be careful when working with mineral wool. To prevent the material from accumulating moisture, each mat is recommended to be placed in plastic bags, the integrity of which should not be violated. In practice, it's easier. A layer of film or a special polymer membrane is laid on the wall, and the insulation layer is protected from the outside in the same way.
Mats can be fastened with anchors, dowels, umbrellas. Mounting directly on the wall is allowed and quite convenient if expensive, dense and rigid basalt insulation is used for the facade. But in practice, it is more rational to lay thermal insulation elements in a crate of wooden slats or a special profile.
Laying mineral wool mats in a crate is another convenient way to insulate wooden houses. In addition, this step allows you to create a beautiful and high-quality exterior finish.
The outer layer of the insulation structure in the case of the use of mineral wool can be varied, it is created from decorative panels, siding, lining and other materials.
Ventilated facade
Ventilated cladding is a complex structure that combines the usual facade insulation systems, an insulating air gap and a very high-quality exterior finish. The design is expensive, but in practice it is the best, most durable and “warmest” option. To achieve good results, you need to know exactly how to properly insulate the facade in this way. The structure is created like this:
- the wall is processed, leveled as far as possible, protected from mold, cracks and holes are sealed;
- steam protection is fixed - a polymer membrane to remove condensate at the dew point;
- a system of metal profiles is mounted on the wall;
- insulation, mineral wool, polyurethane foam or polystyrene is laid, which is fastened with dowels;
- an outer layer of wind protection is placed - a polymer film;
- the outer casing is installed.
The surface of the ventilated facade can be very diverse. Sheathing with wooden panels, corrugated board, painted metal is allowed. Elements made of ceramics, granite, natural or artificial stone are popular. Installation of panels is carried out using special fasteners, a flat, smooth, beautiful surface is formed.
Vinyl, lining, other types of secondary finishing
If a crate is used during the installation of insulation, it is convenient to create a new appearance of the facade. For this, the following can be used:
- natural wooden lining, which is varnished, painted, primed;
- plastic vinyl panels or the so-called lining of different widths, while the appearance can be very diverse. The disadvantages of such a surface include low strength, but it is durable, does not fade, and is easy to clean;
- thin thickness cement particle board sheathing is widely used, which allows for coloring, excellent resistance to moisture, strong and rigid.
A separate line is worth mentioning a special plinth vinyl siding. These are panels of large thickness (up to 35 mm), strong and rigid. The surface imitates natural stone, brickwork, decorative materials. The installation of such panels can transform the facade.
house with vinyl There is also a special insulating vinyl siding. It can easily serve as an additional means of protection against heat loss, since inside the panel there is a layer of polyurethane foam or other material with similar properties. In fact, this is the leader in the rating of materials, if a choice is made, the better to insulate the facade and at the same time guarantee its beauty and durability of the finish.
heatplota.guru
Insulation of the facade and plinth
Insulation of facades and walls of houses
Before starting work on the insulation of the house, decide in which building you want to live. Modern finishing materials are diverse. With their help, you can create any image of your home. My friend built himself a brick two-story house. Then he told me that he dreams of living in a castle. He designed the interior himself. I designed and created a plinth finish from large dark granite siding. The facade was finished with masonry panels made of hewn dolomite, with chips and traces of cracks.
The main thing in facade insulation is to correctly use modern materials and calculate their consumption. They protect from cold, noise and moisture. Will serve from 30 years and longer without repair. There are several options for home insulation:
- insulation is laid during the construction of walls;
- house insulation with modern slabs; wet facade;
- insulation and siding - ventilated facade.
Insulation of facades with expanded polystyrene
Manufacturers offer a large number of modern materials to choose from. They have excellent characteristics and negative points.
The basis for the choice is the strength of the foundation and the design load that it can withstand. The plinth of a wooden house will collapse under the finish of aerated concrete blocks, slabs with basalt chips or cotton wool. The foam is lightweight and protects well from cold and noise. It requires especially reliable protection against moisture and rodents that eat it.
Wall insulation during construction
Warming your private house with polyurethane foam
When building a house, you can use aerated concrete to insulate the facade by laying walls out of it. The material is much cheaper than brick and has a low coefficient of thermal conductivity. However, for the desired effect, it is necessary to make walls with a thickness of more than 1000 mm and plaster on the outside. Block consumption is high.
It is impossible to erect walls of houses from aerated concrete for more than one floor. It is brittle with low strength. With combined masonry outside as a load-bearing wall, brick, the inside of aerated concrete blocks, the wall thickness is reduced to 800 mm. But the dew point shifts to the center of the insulation, and the porous concrete is gradually saturated with moisture.
Facade decoration with foam plastic
Modern materials are used when laying the walls of the house in two rows with a gap between them. The cavity is filled with foam insulation, mainly polyurethane foam and foam concrete. The consumption of the mixture is small, since it consists of 80 - 90% air. Mounting foam for filling walls inside is rarely used, it is much more expensive. These types of facade insulation retain their properties for decades.
Thermal insulation materials for external insulation, main characteristics
Insulation of difficult places: corners, plinths, windows, balconies and other details
For external insulation, several main types of materials are used:
- mineral wool;
- cotton wool from basalt and stone fiber;
- panels made of wood chips with synthetic filler;
- sandwich plates;
- sip panels;
- polyurethane foam and expanded polystyrene in plates and foam;
- gas and foam concrete.
Modern manufacturers offer a wide variety of materials for insulating the facade of a house, in addition to those listed above. Many have not yet gained popularity with consumers or require special equipment for cutting and installation. The main characteristics of the insulation of the facade of the house are shown in the table:
| Material | Specific gravity | Vapor permeability | Durability | fire hazard |
| kg/m cube | mg/m*h*Pa | years, more | ||
| expanded polystyrene foam | 16 | 0,06 | 25 | supports combustion |
| expanded polystyrene extruded | 30 | 0,015 | 25 | combustible |
| mineral wool basalt | 120 | 0,3 | 25 | incombustible |
| aerated concrete | 400 | 0,23 | 50 | incombustible |
| foam foil | 54 | 0,001 | 25 | melted down |
| polyurethane foam | 40 | 0,05 | 25 | combustible |
| ecowool | 50 | 0,3 | 25 | supports combustion |
| penoizol | 11 | 0,25 | 25 | combustible |
| foam glass | 170 | 0,003 | 50 | incombustible |
According to the degree of toxicity, all modern materials are safe. Production and sale of substances that release toxic substances is prohibited. Requirements are regulated by GOSTs and SNiPs. Combustible compounds require special handling. Expanded polystyrene and penoizol should be protected from rodents. The consumption of materials is calculated according to the area of the facade for insulation plus 10% for openings and corners.
Modern materials for wet facade insulation
Ventilated facade for a wooden house
When insulating the facade under plaster, heat-insulating boards or sip panels are used. Finishing the house is carried out in several stages with an interval of one to three days required for drying. The plates are glued to the prepared walls with special glue. When buying, carefully look at the instructions for what it is intended for.
It is not worth preparing connecting mixtures on your own. Even if they are based on cement, they contain many additional components that improve their quality. Shops offer a large selection of dry mixes. The adhesive is diluted with water just before the panels are glued. The amount depends on the speed of work. Given its quick setting, cook for half an hour of work. I always make a bucket. Half is enough for beginners.
I hammer dowels-umbrellas into the facade of the house in a day. Consumption depends on the weight of the material. It is enough to fix the modern lightweight material polystyrene foam and penozol at 6 points per square meter or a sheet of insulation. I install the grid for plaster and profile corners in a fresh solution and then cover it with a finishing layer over a wet solution.
Heaters for ventilated facades
Insulation of walls from the outside with foam
Installation of ventilated facades is done on the crate. The insulation is laid out between the profile and is fixed mainly to it. This allows the use of soft materials: mineral wool, penofol. Slabs of extruded polystyrene foam, aerated concrete, foam glass and other solid materials, including sip panels, are cut with a small allowance and fit tightly between the battens.
Modern equipment allows you to quickly and evenly apply foam materials. It is impossible to make such insulation on your own. You need to contact the experts. The device resembles a large fire extinguisher. The mixture is poured into it and a foaming agent is added. Then the foam is applied from the hose to the wall. I try to apply in several thin layers so that the composition does not slip along the facade. Dries for three days and finishing continues.
Master of Architecture, graduated from the Samara State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. 11 years of experience in design and construction.
Insulation of facades is relevant for both owners of new housing and old private houses. The walls outside must reliably protect the building from the cold. This will require a high-quality and effective heat insulator. The cost of heating and the comfort of living will depend on how good the outer insulation layer has been chosen.
How to choose material
Wall insulation from the outside can be carried out with different materials. There is a wide range on the market. But what is the best way to insulate the facade of the house? The answer to the question depends on several factors. And you should not always believe the manufacturer's advertising.
Warming the facade of the house with modern materials will be useless without observing the technology. This should also be taken into account when preparing for work. Before insulating the house from the outside, you need to understand the nuances of the process.
It is important not only to choose the right heat insulator, but also to comply with the insulation technology Wall insulation can be divided into two large groups:
- inorganic;
- organic.
The second group has more representatives. This includes products of the chemical industry: expanded polystyrenes (foam plastic, foam plastic), natural ecowool. When choosing how to insulate the facade of the house from the outside, first of all, you need to pay attention to the physical properties.
Styrofoam
Such thermal insulation belongs to the class of foamed polymers. The foam is highly efficient, easy to install, and isolates noise quite well.. Another advantage is the affordable price. But the disadvantages of such material are significantly greater. To choose the best way to insulate the walls of the house from the outside, it is important to consider that polystyrene has such qualities as:
- combustibility;
- fragility (service life rarely exceeds 10-20 years);
- poor vapor permeability (additional ventilation of the premises will be required);
- instability to the simultaneous effects of cold and moisture (the material crumbles into separate balls);
- low strength.
Styrofoam is affordable, excellent thermal insulation, but flammable and short-lived There is a possibility that during the aging process the material will release toxic styrene. The concentration is small, and when insulated from the outside, the substance practically does not penetrate into the room, but this property casts doubt on the manufacturer's statements about environmental friendliness.
Extruded polystyrene foam
To insulate the house from the outside with your own hands, you can use extruded polystyrene foam or, more simply, foam plastic. This material is a close relative of foam. It has all its advantages and some disadvantages. But compared to the previous version, it is devoid of such important disadvantages as:
- instability to moisture and cold;
- low strength;
- fragility.
Flammability and low vapor permeability remain. Although some manufacturers increase the fire resistance class by introducing special additives, it is not possible to obtain a completely non-combustible material.
Penoplex is a strong durable material, but it has a low fire resistance class. Do-it-yourself insulation of the facade of a wooden house is not recommended using foam or polystyrene foam. Such buildings are valued by the owners for the naturalness of the materials and the ability of the walls to “breathe”. External insulation with polystyrene will completely block the movement of air. In this case, additional forced ventilation may even be required, since natural ventilation will not be enough.. Polystyrenes can easily turn a building into a greenhouse, it is worth remembering this when deciding how to insulate a house from the outside.
Ecowool
Such a material deserves the title of environmentally friendly insulation, since it is completely made from cellulose fibers. External wall insulation with such material is not subject to decay and is unattractive to rodents. This can be achieved by adding minerals to the composition: boric acid and borax.
The insulation of the house outside with ecowool has a loose structure. The material has high soundproofing performance, well passes air. This option is perfect if you need to perform the insulation of a wooden or frame building. Useful properties of wood are not lost.
Ecowool does not impair the ability of wood to pass air When using the material on timber or log walls, wet application is performed. Wet ecowool is sprayed onto the surface, after which it is allowed to dry. The material adheres well enough to the wall and forms a warm shell.. The final stage of work is the plastering of the facade or its finishing with various materials.
Warming of the facades of buildings built using frame technology is carried out by the dry method. Ecowool is simply poured into the cavity between the outer and inner lining.
Mineral wool
What is the best way to insulate a house from the outside inexpensively and efficiently? Here the first place is confidently occupied by mineral wool. The material has good thermal insulation performance, is relatively inexpensive. In addition, it should be noted the clear installation technology and ease of processing. Mineral wool is safe for humans.
Thermal insulation of a house with mineral wool is an inexpensive and safe way to insulate your home To choose a material, you need to consider three types of mineral wool:
- Stone (usually basalt) is produced in rigid slabs. It has all of the above benefits. It will be the best option for do-it-yourself work.
- Glass is available in mats rolled up. The main disadvantage is the inconvenience during installation. Glass wool pricks and causes irritation. Particles can get into the lungs, which will also not lead to good. When using such material, it is strongly recommended to wear overalls, gloves and a protective mask.
- Slag will be the most inexpensive option. But is it worth saving when building your own house? Insulation for the walls of the house outside in this case is made from industrial waste.
When using mineral wool, you need to know a few important points. To properly insulate the surface, you need to use a vapor barrier (attached from the warm air side) and waterproofing (from the cold side). These layers will protect the material that can absorb water. When wet, cotton wool provides virtually no thermal insulation. To remove condensate from the outer surface of the material between the insulation and the outer finish, a ventilation gap 3-5 cm wide is provided. This layer must necessarily communicate with the outside air.
Work performance technologies
How to insulate a house from the outside? For this, two methods are used. Both can be applied to almost any insulation material. The type of heat insulator has almost no effect on technology. But you need to take into account certain recommendations of the manufacturer. For example, as in the case of mineral wool, when a ventilation gap is needed.
There are two technologies:
- insulation of facades with a wet method;
- dry method, when a decorative coating is applied, fixed on the frame.
Wet facade
This method has a relatively low cost, loads the foundations of the building less. But it is important to note that the decorative coating cannot guarantee reliable protection against mechanical stress.
Insulation of external walls in this case is covered with a layer of plaster. Its thickness is usually 40 mm. To ensure strength, a reinforcing mesh (fiberglass or metal chain-link mesh) is used.
Wet method of thermal insulation involves covering the walls with decorative plaster Insulation and decoration of the facade of the house are carried out in the following order:
- cleaning the wall from dirt, leveling defects, surface treatment with a primer;
- fixing the vapor barrier material, if necessary (for polystyrene foam and mineral wool);
- installation of insulation boards on the adhesive composition (irrelevant for ecowool, it is simply sprayed onto the surface);
- additional fixation with plastic dowels;
- applying an adhesive solution to the surface of the insulation;
- mesh reinforcement;
- application of an adhesive primer after the adhesive has dried;
- surface plastering.
How to insulate the facade of a wooden house with mineral wool? Only the wet method is suitable here. For other materials, you can choose one of two options.
As a reinforcing layer, it is better to choose fiberglass mesh Finishing and insulating the facade of the house using this technology has one important drawback: over time, the plaster may begin to fall off. This is especially true if the external insulation of the facades was carried out using a metal mesh. It is recommended to choose a more expensive, but modern fiberglass.
dry method
Warming and finishing of facades in this case assumes the presence of a facing material. Most often, siding, lining, composite panels, etc. are used. Do-it-yourself insulation of houses from the outside will require a frame for fastening the cladding. The step-by-step instruction looks like this:
- Cleaning the surface from dirt, leveling large defects.
- Fixing vapor barrier material, if needed.
- Installation of the frame for insulation from wooden blocks or boards. When using a metal profile, the racks are installed after the material for wall insulation is fixed from the outside. At this stage, you only need to provide brackets for mounting racks.
- The next step is to attach the heat insulator to the glue. From below, you need to provide a starting profile, which will serve as a support for the first row. After the adhesive composition dries, do-it-yourself facade insulation is additionally fixed to plastic dowels-fungi.
- Waterproofing and wind protection should be fixed on top of mineral wool or foam. For these purposes, it is recommended to choose a modern vapor-diffusion hydro-windproof membrane. How to fasten it correctly? The membrane or film is fixed on a construction stapler. The joints are made with an overlap of at least 10 cm and glued with adhesive tape.
- After completing all the steps, you can proceed with the installation of the cladding. How to finish the facade in each case should be indicated in the manufacturer's instructions.
The dry method of thermal insulation of walls involves the use of cladding and the installation of a ventilation gap You can insulate walls with a dry method in almost any weather.. This favorably distinguishes the option from the previous one. Deciding how best to insulate a house depends on the type of finish chosen.
Material thickness calculation
This item will be an important stage of work. Before you insulate the walls, you will need to determine the thickness of the insulation. It is important to know that the value for a wooden facade and for a brick one will be different. This is because wood retains heat better. Also, the indicator depends on the climatic region of construction and the purpose of the building.
| City | Recommended insulation thickness for external insulation, mm |
|---|---|
| St. Petersburg | 100 |
| Moscow | 100 |
| Yekaterinburg | 100 |
| Novosibirsk | 150 |
| Rostov | 50 |
| Samara | 100 |
| Kazan | 100 |
| Permian | 100 |
| Volgograd | 100 |
| Krasnodar | 50 |
The calculation can be done in three ways:
- according to the formulas from the joint venture "Thermal protection of buildings";
- using the Teremok program;
- using various online calculators. The best option would be the Teremok program. It allows you to make accurate calculations and is easy to use. There is both an online version and a PC app.
Rising energy prices put the issue of home insulation in the first place. This will save approximately 30-40% of the costs provided for heating. To determine the options for insulating materials, it is worth considering the advantages and disadvantages of existing technologies.
It occupies a leading position among other heaters due to its affordable price and low thermal conductivity (0.0028-0.0033 W / m / K). A large number of domestic manufacturers reduces the cost of transportation when delivering the material to the installation site. Expanded polystyrene is produced by extrusion, produced in plates with different densities and thicknesses.
Advantages:
It has excellent thermal insulation properties;
Simple mounting technology;
Easy to process;
Does not absorb moisture;
Affordable prices for both material and installation work.
Flaws:
Low air throughput;
After installation, finishing is required;
The loose structure is easily damaged by mechanical action.
Important! Such a disadvantage of polystyrene as low vapor permeability is easily corrected by arranging a ventilation system in the dwelling, which ensures the circulation of air masses.
Mounting Features
The technology of facade insulation with expanded polystyrene involves the following steps:
Cleaning the working surface from crumbling and damaged fragments;
Sealing cracks and cracks with cement mortar;
Fixation along the lower line of the facade of the starting profile;
Laying insulation boards on glue, starting from the bottom (rows are formed in a checkerboard pattern);
Styrofoam fastening with special dowels (performed after the glue has dried);
Sealing of joints of plates;
Read also: Wall decoration with liquid wallpaper (photo). Pros of liquid wallpaper
Laying on the surface of the reinforcing mesh;
Applying a layer of plaster;
Wall priming;
Facade paint.
When calculating the thickness of foam plates, the following are taken into account: the thermal conductivity of the walls, the heat loss of the room, the power of the heating system.
Of the mineral heat insulators, basalt wool is more popular due to its low moisture absorption rate and other equally valuable qualities:
Low thermal conductivity (0.0035 W / m / K);
Vapor permeability;
Soundproof characteristics;
Hypoallergenic composition, the absence of toxic substances in it;
Fire safety (combustibility class G1);
Resistance to external factors and microbiological processes.
The disadvantages include:
The need to install a crate (made of wood or metal profiles);
The formation of cracks at the joints of the sheets as a result of shrinkage;
High price.
Reference! For facade insulation, basalt wool with a density of 90-135 kg / m3 is more often chosen.
Mounting Features
The technology of facade insulation with basalt wool consists of the following steps:
Preparation of the working surface for installation (cleaning, sealing holes and cracks);
Installation of the crate (the parameters of the cells must correspond to the dimensions of the roll sheets);
Fastening the vapor barrier membrane (some craftsmen fix it under the frame elements);
Laying mineral wool in the cells (it should fit snugly on all sides, but not deform);
Covering the insulation with a waterproofing film (fixation is carried out to the crate with a construction stapler);
Installation of facing material (siding, finishing plates, panels).
Important! Only a heater made by a conscientious manufacturer corresponds to the declared properties. Before buying, you should read user reviews regarding the quality of products. The material, the production of which was carried out without taking into account state standards, is not able to create reliable thermal protection.
Thermal panels with clinker tiles
This material has all the advantages of expanded polystyrene and polyurethane insulation, but unlike them, it does not require additional costs for facing work. The panel consists of an insulating layer and clinker tiles imitating brickwork. Installation is simple, but contains a number of nuances that are available to every developer to master. The only downside is the high price.
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Mounting Features
The technology of facade insulation with thermal panels consists of the following steps:
Surface preparation (cleaning, sealing deformations);
Installation of a plinth profile;
Glue fixing of each element with a plant in the grooves of the previous panel;
Additional fastening of panels with special dowels;
Sealing of seams at the joints with mounting foam;
Grouting with a frost-resistant compound;
Removal of grout residues from surfaces.
Important! The insulation of the facades of a new building should be started only after the structure has completely shrunk.
Other insulation for facades
Among the huge selection of building materials, others that are not less high in performance deserve attention. It:
Polyurethane (applied by special equipment by spraying);
Panels "Eco-shield" (has a layer of polystyrene foam);
Special heat-shielding plaster (Lamb, Bark beetle, etc.).
Watch the video "How and how to insulate the walls of the house from the outside"
Mistakes that are often made when insulating facades
When performing any installation work, it is recommended to follow the technological process in order to avoid gross errors, which subsequently require additional funds and time to correct. According to the reviews of experts, a list of common violations has been compiled.
1. Work on the installation of insulation materials should not be carried out on the facades of dilapidated buildings. There will be little sense from such thermal protection. The walls must be strong and reliable without signs of deformation (cracks, crevices).
2. Many owners acquire thermal insulation without preliminary calculations of the thermal conductivity of the walls of the house, believing that it is better to choose something average or the most dense material. This is wrong, as it increases the risk of wasting money (when buying a thick heat insulator) or reducing the effectiveness of the heat-shielding layer (when buying an insufficiently dense product). The average thickness of mineral wool or polystyrene for most regions of our country is 10 cm.
To protect the house from the outside from rain and frost, to save energy for heating and ventilation, exterior decoration is carried out. Wall insulation from the outside is more effective than the inside. You can do it yourself. The dew point shifts to the street, and moisture leaves the room along with the effect of the steam room. For proper mounting and finishing, the thickness of the material layers is calculated with the condition of vapor permeability. It is necessary to take into account the technical characteristics of the foundation, its ability to withstand additional loads.
Wall insulation from the outside is more effective than the inside
Types of insulation of houses outside, their features
There are two types of building facades. In the wet version, plaster is made over the outer insulation. Then decorating with cladding. It can be just hand-applied paint and clinker tiles on the plinth. Materials for insulation on the outside are chosen light: panels and blocks that have a hard, smooth surface.
The thickness depends on the characteristics of wall materials:
- brickwork;
- expanded clay concrete panels;
- gas silicate blocks.
When protecting the walls of buildings from the outside according to the wet facade system, the insulation is installed directly on the wall around the entire perimeter.
When protecting the walls of buildings from the outside according to the wet facade system, the insulation is installed directly on the wall around the entire perimeter
For do-it-yourself decoration use:
- expanded polystyrene;
- penoplex;
- Styrofoam;
- mineral wool;
- gas blocks.
External insulation of walls made of aerated concrete and wood is complicated by the low thermal conductivity of materials. The thickness of the insulation and facade cladding must be small in order to comply with the rule of increasing the vapor permeability of the layers. It is easier to make waterproofing with foil and a ventilated structure. So you can avoid the effect of a steam room in the house and bring moisture out.
Siding and wall panels are mounted on rails with a gap around the entire perimeter of the building. Air passes freely in the formed space, bringing moisture out and creating additional protection from the cold. Paint is rarely used for such cladding. In private houses, exterior decoration can be done by hand. Wall insulation is mounted outside with mineral wool in rolls and slabs, blocks and panels of extruded polymers and plastics are used.
In private houses, exterior decoration can be done by hand
Walls with insulation inside the masonry and fillers
When building a house with your own hands, the question arises which insulation to use. This also depends on the brickwork. You can make a double wall and leave air between the brick blocks. SNiP provides for three-layer masonry with ventilation. Insulation materials are attached to the interior of gas silicate panels or expanded clay concrete blocks. Topped with foil. The outer brick wall is laid out with a gap and ventilation windows. The layers are fastened together with metal rods.
The option of laying two parallel walls along the entire perimeter, followed by filling with mineral wool or extruded material, is prohibited by new construction standards.
The well masonry is tied up with bricks during the construction of the wall and is available for building a house with your own hands. With this option, the walls are insulated with polystyrene foam or the wells are filled with extruded polyurethane. The paint on the outside will protect from moisture.
Insulation in the well masonry
Lightweight foam insulation
Outside, the walls are insulated with foam plastic under plaster. It protects it from sunlight, moisture and rodents. Gas-filled plastics are good at insulating the cold and absorbing noise. They absorb up to 7% of water on contact. If not isolated, then the effect of a steam room appears inside the building after a few years. This changes the density of the material and its characteristics.
Outside, the insulation of the walls with foam is done under the plaster
Styrofoam insulation is a delicacy for mice. Outside protection with foil and plaster is necessary. Everything can be done by hand. Installation is carried out simultaneously around the entire perimeter. Facing is best done with paint or decorative putty. For wooden houses, wall insulation with foam plastic is a budget option and a solution to the problem of overloading the foundation.
Extruded plastic has a low specific gravity and does not require the installation of a starting profile. The technology of wall insulation with foam plastic from the outside allows you to glue blocks to the surface with glue and, after drying, install fasteners, mainly dowels-umbrellas. It is easy to calculate their number, 6 pieces per square meter. The thickness is determined by the degree of protection from the cold. The technical characteristics of all brands of foam are the same.
Insulation from the outside with foam
For private houses, wall insulation with foam plastic from the outside is popular. Extruded polystyrene foam is lightweight. The technical characteristics of the foam panel do not depend on the density, only on the uniformity of the size of the granules. Insulation plates are glued directly to the outer walls around the entire perimeter, without a metal starting profile, you can do it yourself. Masonry made of expanded clay concrete and gas silicate blocks has a loose surface. It is reinforced with a primer in 2 layers. If necessary, putty to improve adhesion. Dowels are used for fixing.
Insulation of walls outside with foam
For a wet facade, poneplex panels are laid between the guides under metal wall panels or siding. Calculating the distance between them is easy. It must be equal to the width of the slab of extruded material. Fastening is done to the crate so as not to create cold bridges. For the installation of the cladding, wooden planks and metal profiles are used.
The plastered outer walls are covered with paint. Fasteners are sealed with special mastic. The consumption of materials is calculated from the area of \u200b\u200bthe facade along the entire perimeter and the characteristics indicated on the container. It is desirable to finish the plinth with clinker tiles, brick, stone and porcelain stoneware. Metal panels and fasteners in direct contact with the ground can oxidize and break down quickly.
For private houses, wall insulation with foam plastic is popular.
Independent outdoor work with polystyrene foam
Insulation with polystyrene foam is similar to the installation of polystyrene foam and is easily done by hand. The peculiarity lies in the characteristics of the material. The bonds between the gas-filled granules are weak. Preparing the surface of the outer wall for gluing EPS panels requires careful leveling. Walls made of gas silicate blocks must be cleaned and primed. Claydite-concrete masonry requires surface puttying. Metal fasteners can not be installed. The adhesive is applied to the surface of the wall and the styrofoam board.
Insulation panels cannot be pressed hard, they will break. Mineral and silicone plaster is applied over the grid.
Insulation with polystyrene foam is similar to the installation of polystyrene foam and is easily done by hand
The exterior walls are finished with:
- dye;
- clinker, gas silicate and terracotta tiles;
- sand-vinyl and basalt panels;
- decorative putty;
- stone.
All work is simple and done by hand. Metal trims are installed around windows and doors. The paint must be acrylic. Oil does not allow the walls to breathe.
Ventilated structures require the installation of a metal profile along the perimeter of the horizon line and openings. When insulating the outer walls of the steam room, waterproofing is made of foil or plastic film and vents. Metal wall panels, acrylic, vinyl siding are hung on the skin. For the base, it is good if the slabs contain basalt and mineral fibers or chips as additional components.
Insulation with extruded polystyrene foam
Comparison of different varieties of mineral wool and features of working with it
Wall insulation from the outside with mineral wool has been used for a long time and is done by hand. There are three main types of mineral insulation. I have collected their technical characteristics for clarity in a table.
|
Mineralcotton wool |
Thermal conductivity W*m*K |
Temperature |
|
|
minimal |
maximum |
||
|
glass |
0,03 — 0,052 |
500 |
|
|
slag |
0,46 — 0,48 |
300 |
|
|
stone,basalt |
0,077 — 0,12 |
190 |
1000 |
Insulation of walls outside with mineral wool has been used for a long time and is done by hand
Mineral wool does not absorb water and does not support combustion, especially basalt. It is used in the decoration of steam rooms and boiler rooms. Wall insulation from the outside with mineral wool is done in any way. The material is covered with foil and plastered or a metal frame is mounted on top for cladding. On expanded clay concrete and gas silicate walls, glass and basalt mineral wool is used. A metal starting profile is installed along the perimeter.
Glass mineral wool requires compliance with safety regulations. It is necessary to use a respirator and goggles to protect the lungs and eyes from small glass fibers. Take a shower after finishing work. It is recommended to work with such material only from the outside.
