The preposition auf in German. German prepositions with translation: in Akkusativ, Dativ, Genitiv

German prepositions (prev.), as well as Russian ones, and prev. in other languages, refer to the official parts of speech. Despite this, it is from before. depends on which case (pad.) of the noun to use.

There are several classifications of German prepositions, for example, according to the meaning (, time, reason, etc.) or according to the cases with which they are used. This is the approach we recommend.

All prev. can be divided into several groups:

  • always requiring Dative (Dat.) falling;
  • requiring an accusative fall.;
  • those that can be used with both Dat. and Accusative;
  • those that, as a rule, are used with Genitive (Gen.) falling;

Prepositions with the Dative case

We suggest teaching them with the help of a small rhyme:

Mit, nach, aus, zu von, bei

Just give Dativ.

These prev., regardless of their value, always require Dates. fall:

Ich komme aus der Ukraine (place).

Aus diesem Grund muss ich leider auf den Deutschkurs verzichten (reason).

Ich fahre morgen mit dem Zug nach Berlin (instrument).

Ich bin seit 10 Jahren mit Karl befreundet (jointness).

Beim Spielen sieht er sehr konzentriert aus (time).

Bei der Schule gibt es einen schönen Spielplatz (place).

This also includes pre. seit and gegenüber, entgegen, entsprechend and less commonly used fern, getreu, mitsamt, nahe, zuliebe.

Previous nach, gegenüber, entsprechend, getreu and entgegen can come after a noun:

Meiner Meinung nach ist Aishwarya Rai die schönste Schauspielerin der Welt.

Unser Haus steht dem Krankenhaus gegenüber.

Seinen Gewohnheiten getreu hat er sich zum Vorstellungsgespräch verspätet.

Meinem Rat entgegen studiert sie Philosophie.

Er hat sich dem Maskenball entsprechend verkleidet.

Prepositions with accusative case

To this group before. relate: gegen, für, durch, wider, um, ohne, bis, je, kontra (contra), betreffend, via. At the same time, it doesn’t matter what meaning they have in the sentence, but they always require the Accusative Fall next to them ..

Die Demonstranten protestieren gegen die Atomkernenergie.

Aus Zorn schlug er mit der Bein gegen die Wand.

Er hat sein Auto gegen 3000 € verkauft.

Ich bin gestern gegen 10 Uhr aufgestanden.

Previous betreffend can also be in postposition:

Diese Frage betreffend habe ich nichts Neues zu sagen.

Prepositions with accusative and dative cases

This group includes primarily places: an, auf, hinter, in, neben, über, unter, vor, zwischen. Date pad. is used to express a place (the question is where?), and the Accusative is used to express the direction (the question is where?).

Die Brille liegt auf dem Tisch. - Wo liegt die Brille? — Dative

Ich habe meine Brille auf den Tisch gelegt. – Wohin habe ich meine Brille gelegt? - Accusative.

Ich war gestern nicht in der Schule. – wo war ich nothing? – Dative.

Ich gehe heute nicht in die Schule. – wohin gehen ich nicht? - Accusative.

Previous an, in, neben, über, unter, vor, zwischen can also be used with adverbs of time. In this case, they are used from Date. fall:

Unter der Woche habe ich keine Zeit für die Hausarbeit. — Wann? – Dative.

Im Sommer ist es sehr schön in der Krim.

Ich habe ihn vor drei Jahren kennengelernt.

With two pads. used before. entlang. However, it always has a spatial meaning (along, parallel to the street, river, terrace, etc.). Pad. the noun in this case depends on the position of the previous one itself: if it precedes the noun, then it requires Date. pad., if it stands after it - Accusative:

Entlang dem Fluss gibt es einen Fahrradweg. — Dative

Den Fluss entlang gibt es einen Fahrradweg. - Accusative.

Prepositions with Genitive

This is the most numerous and the most “problematic” group, since a change in the language norm is currently taking place, and the previous ones, which until recently required Genus next to them. pad., can be used with the Dative.

So, with Rod. pad. used before: außerhalb, innerhalb, während, abseits, jenseits, diesseits, inmitten, oberhalb, unterhalb, unweit, angesichts, anlässlich, aufgrund, bezüglich, dank, hinsichtlich, infolge, mangels, trotz, um…willen, wegen, zwecks, laut, anhand, anstatt, laut, mithilfe, mittels.

The whole problem in studying these pre. is that they can also be used with Dat. (usually with nouns in plural, which do not have an article or adjective, since the Genitive form is pad. in this case is not clear). These same pre. can be used together with the previous von and Dative case:

Während dieser Woche (pronoun indicates Gen. case)

Während 10 Tagen (ending n in a noun indicates Dat. fall.).

Mithilfe meiner Eltern (the pronoun indicates the Rod. fall.).

Mithilfe von Peters Eltern (we can't determine the noun from the noun, so we use von + Dativ).

Innerhalb eines Jahres (Gen. case is indicated by the article and the ending of the noun)

Innerhalb 2 Monaten/ von 2 Monaten(in Rod. pad. it would have to be innerhalb 2 Monate, but this form does not contain markers that clearly express Genitive, so 2 options for Dates are used. case).

Trotz unserer Unterstützung verlor die Mannschaft das Spiel (Gen. dep. expresses a pronoun).

Trotz Beweisen wurde Verdächtige freigesprochen (in Rod. Pad., trotz Beweise would be correct, but due to lack of markers, Date. Pad. is used).

Studying the German prev., It is necessary to dwell on the following aspect. Some pre. always merge with the definite article:

Ich sitze am Tisch.

Ich gehe ins Theatre.

Beim Putzen höre ich immer Musik.

Exception! If the noun with which the prev is used is attached subordinate clause, then prev. do not merge with the article:

Ich sitze an dem Tisch, den mein Opa selbst gemacht hat.

Ich gehe in das Theatre, in dem mein Freund heute Hamlet spielt.

Exercises for German prepositions

Prepositions in German have the same purpose as in Russian. They help unite words or phrases into a single semantic unit, that is, into a sentence. Prepositions in German are usually placed before the object to which they are directly related.

Classification

The use of prepositions in relation to cases

It is interesting that for some prepositions one of the existing cases is necessarily constant. The second one can be found only in some cases. It is better to show everything with a good example. Let's say this sentence: Trotz dem Schneefall (Dativ) wollte Mark mit dem Auto in die Berge fahren. It translates as follows: "Despite the snowfall, Mark wanted to go by car to the mountains." This sentence clearly shows the use of the dative case. And this, it must be said, is quite rare in German, or rather, in colloquial speech. What can be said about other cases? for example, it is used in rare cases of control with the preposition des (“in”), in sentences where this occurs, des comes after the noun.

Nominativ and Akkusativ

There are also such prepositions with which it is not necessary to use objects in any strictly defined case. To be more specific, these are als and wie. The nouns that come after these prepositions are declined in the same way as the members of the sentence that correspond to them. This can be seen in the following example: Mario kannte ihren Schwester als Schüler (this is Nominativ). This sentence is translated as follows: “Mario knew her sister as a schoolgirl.” In another way, using Akkusativ, the phrase can be constructed as follows: Mario kannte ihren schwester als Schüler. It translates almost the same: "Mario knew her sister, even when she was a schoolgirl." Both examples are directly related to each other. But in the first case, the subject is correlated with the noun after als” (accordingly, Nominativ should be used), but in the second, Akkusativ is used, since there is an addition. In general, the prepositions of control in German are not difficult, the main thing here is to learn the purpose of the cases and the translation of the words themselves.

Universal application of prepositions

This is a rather interesting topic, and you should also know it in order to be able to correctly express your thoughts. If you want, for example, to say: “I'm going to Germany,” then it would be correct to use nach here. This preposition indicates a direction, and in this case the sentence would look like this: Ich fahre nach Deutschland. By the way, nach is used in relation to countries that do not have. These are neuter states, such as Russia, Italy, Germany, France, etc. This preposition is also used if you need to answer the question of what time it is now . For example: zwanzig Minuten nach fünf (twenty past five). Only in this case the preposition is translated as “after” (if literally). I would also like to pay special attention to the frequently encountered Für. Usually used in relation to someone. Für dich, Für mich, Für alle da (for you, for me, for everyone), etc. That is, it indicates the purpose, purpose, addressee. But often this preposition is used as a substitute for the meaning "for someone." For example: Sie hat schon für mich bezahlt (she already paid for me).

What are the suggestions

Finally, I would like to list all the existing prepositions in the German language. The table in which they are most often presented is not very large, and remembering everything is much easier than it seems. People who study this language memorize them by comparison. An - translates as "above" or "on", depending on the use of the case. Auf locates a person, object, or even phenomenon: Alles was auf der Bühnepassiert, ist Wahnsinn (translation: “Everything that happens on the stage is madness”). Hinter is a translation of our preposition “for”, and the German in is the absolute analogue of the same word in English. That is, it is translated as “in”: Ich bin jetzt in der Kneipe (translation: “I am in the pub now”). There are also prepositions über (through, over) and vor (before, before, before).

As a matter of fact, these and the previously listed prepositions are the most used and frequently encountered in the German language. This topic is not as difficult as, for example, the use of verbs. Prepositions in German have the same meaning and translation as in Russian, and this determines the relative ease of mastering them. And if you practice their use, then very soon the result will be visible, and the person will no longer hesitate to competently build a sentence.

Prepositions in German, as in Russian, as a rule, very polysemantic. Wed- translation German prepositions uber, in:

uber
above – Das Bild hängt uber der Tafel.
oh, oh - Er erzählt uber sein Studentenleben.

in
in - In unserer Gruppe gibt es viele Sportier.
through (about future)In 5 Jahren komme ich zurück.
on the - In der Deutschstunde sprechen wir Deutsch.
for, during In 20 Tagen soll man 5 Prüfungen ablegen.

Russian prepositions have almost no exact matches among German prepositions and vice versa. We can name only the main correspondences according to the main, most commonly used meanings.

a) Translation German prepositions, the most common polysemantic,:

an
on the (vertical surfaces)– Die Karte hangt an der Wand.
at (close, near)– Er sitt am Tisch.
in - Am Sonntag fahre ich nach Hause.
does not translate (time interval)Am Abendlese ich gern.

auf
on the (horizontal surfaces)– Das Buch liegt auf dem Tisch.
before (before number)– Die Milchproduktion steigt auf 5000l.

durch
thanks to, through, through Durch bessere Technologie erhöht man die Arbeitsproduktivität.
on (space bounded on the sides)– Wirgehen durch die Strabe.

fur
for - Fur mich gibt es hier viel Interessantes.
per - Fur seine gute Arbeit bekam er einen Orden.

in
in (inside)– Wir wohnen im studentenheim.
through (length of time in the future)In 5 Jahren werde ich Agronom.
on (academic discipline)– Bald haben wir ein Seminar in Botanik.

mit
With (jointly)– Ich gehe ins Kino mit meinen Freunden.
on the (means of transport)– Erfahrt mit dem Schnellzug.
does not translate (tool)– Ich schreibe mit dem Blaistift.

nach
after - Nach dem Unterricht gehen wir oft spazieren.
through (length of time in the past)Nach 2 Jahren kam er zurück.
in (direction of travel)– Ich fahre bald nach Saratow.
on (according to, according to)Nach seinem Diplom ist er Gärtner.

uber
above – Die Karte hängt uber dem Tisch.
about, about – Er erzählt uber sein Studentenleben.

um
around - um unsere Hochschule liegt ein alter Park.
in (when indicating time)um 2 Uhr ist die Stunde zu Ende.
on the (with difference in quantity)– Wir produzieren jetzt um 20% mehr Traktoren.

unter
under – Die Felder liegen unter der Schneedecke.
among (with plural animate them. noun)unter Student en gibt es viele Sportler.

von
from – Ich weiβ das von meinem Freund.
oh, oh - Wir sprechen von einem neuen Film.
from (with plural)Von allen Boden ist die Schwarzerde am besten.
does not translate (transfers the meaning of the parent case)– Die Arbeit von Nina S. ist besonders gut.

vor
before, before vor den Prüfungen fuhr ich nach Hause.
ago - vor 300 Jahren gab es noch keinen Mikroskop.

zu
to, on (direction of travel)– Ich gehe zu meinem alten Schulfreund. Wirgehen zusammen zoom Konzert.
for (target) - Zur Verbesserung der Technologie braucht man neue Maschinen.

b) Other prepositions in German more or less unambiguous. Translation of the most common of them:

aus- from - Kommen Sie aus Moscow?

bei- at, at - Er wohnt bei seinen Freunden.

Ohne- without - Er übersetzt fast Ohne Worterbuch.

gegen- against - Wir haben nichts gegen die Excursion.

bis- before - Ich arbeite im Lesesaal bis 10 Uhr.

zwischen- between - Meine Heimatstadt liegt zwischen Kiev and Odessa.

Wegen- due to - Wegen seiner Krankheit treibt mein Bruder keinen Sport.

hinter- behind, behind - Hinter dem Lehrgebäude 12 liegt ein Park.

neben- next to, along with - Neben dem Studium interessiert er sich für Musik.

seat- With (a certain moment in the past); during - Seit 1990 lebt meine Mutter in Omsk. Seit 2 Jahren arbeite ich an diem Thema.

auβer- Besides - Auβer Petrow braucht niemand eine Consultation.

wahrend- in time - Wahrend der Prüfungen arbeiten viele im Lesesaal.

trotz- despite - Trotz des schlechten Wetters ist die Ernte gut.

gegenüber- on the contrary, in comparison with - Gegenuber 1995 hat unser Betrieb (um) dreimal mehr Maschinen.

je- from each, from each, to each - Wir haben jetzt 5000 l Milch je Kuh und Jahr.

c) Some prepositions in German can merge with the definite article into one word, for example: in + dem = im; zu + dem = zum; an + das = ans etc.

So, due to the ambiguity of most German prepositions and the frequent mismatch of their meanings with the meanings of Russian prepositions it is necessary, when used in speech, to know which German preposition is required in this case. For example, when you specify at what time the preposition um (um 3 Uhr) is used, when indicating what day- preposition an (am Sonntag), when indicating what month and season- preposition in (im Juni; im Winter).

All German prepositions are used with a certain case .. To learn german prepositions with translation, their use, as well as freely apply them in practice, it will take a lot of time. But it doesn’t matter, over time, prepositions will settle in your head, most importantly, use different expressions and verbs with them more often in your speech ....

In German, there are prepositions that are used only in the Akkusativ case, or German prepositions that are used only in the Dativ. And also, in German there are prepositions that require both cases, both Akkusativ and Dativ(in this case, you need to focus on the issue). Well, let's not forget about Genitiv.

P.s. declension of articles by case is possible

And today in my article we consider German prepositions with translation and examples=) Let's go!

Prepositions used ONLY in Akkusativ:

  • bis (before…): Der Zug fährt bis Koln. The train is going to Cologne.
  • durch (through/through): Sie fahren durch die Türkei. They are going through Turkey.
  • entlang (along/during): Wir fahren die Kuste entlang. We're driving along the coast.
  • fur (for/for something): Er braucht das Geld fur seine Miete. He needs money to pay rent.
  • gegen (against/in): Das Auto fuhr gegen einen Baum - The car drove into a tree.
  • ohne (without): Ohne Brille kann ich nichts sehen. I can't see anything without glasses.
  • um (near/around/at (-about time)): Wir sind um die Kirche (herum) gegangen. We walked around the church. Die Besprechung beginnt um 13.00 Uhr. The meeting starts at 13:00.
  • wider (contrary/against): Wider das Recht. Against the law | Against the law. Wider die Natur. Against nature

Prepositions used ONLY in Dativ:

  • ab (from / s - indicates the time) / starting from ..): Ab nächster Woche habe ich Urlaub. So next week I have a holiday.
  • aus (from): Ich komme aus der Türkei. I am from Turkey.
  • außer (excluding/other than/outside of something): Ich habe außer einer Scheibe Brot nichts gegessen. I didn't eat anything other than a slice/piece of bread.
  • bei (1.indicates the location where-l / at someone. - at / at / near. 2. indicates the state - for / during something)- (bei dem \u003d beim): Ich wohne bei meinen Eltern . I live with my parents. | Er sieht beim Essen fern. He watches TV while eating/during meals.
  • entgegen (contrary to): Entgehen den Erwartungen verlor der Boxer den Kampf. Contrary to expectations, the boxer lost the fight.
  • gegenüber (opposite): Das Cafe befindet sich gegenüber dem Theatre. The cafe is located opposite the theatre.
  • mit ("with"; and also indicates the means of doing the action): Ich fahre mit dem Auto. I'm driving a car. | Ich gehe mit meiner Schwester ins Kino. I go with my sister to the cinema.
  • nach (after): Nach dem Essen gehe ich ins Bett. After eating I go to bed.
  • seit (indicates a point in time - from some point, starting from ..): Seit Adams Zeiten - From the time of Adam and Eve. | Ich habe seit gestern Abend starke Kopfschmerzen. “I have a headache since last night.
  • von (from - in temporal meaning; from, from - spatial meaning; indicates belonging) / (von dem - vom): Das ist der Schreibtisch vom Chef. This is my boss's desk. | Ich komme gerade vom Zahnarzt. I'm only from a doctor.
  • zu (used when changing location, specifying a target/place; k..) / (zu dem = zum|zu der = zur): Zum Glück regnet es nicht. Luckily, it doesn't rain (it doesn't rain).

Prepositions used in both cases- both in Dativ and Akkusativ - are called Wechselpräpositionen. In this case, you should always ask questions:

Wo? (where? place) / Wann? (when?)= require the Dative case.
Wohin? (where? direction, movement)= requires Akkusativ .

And now to these suggestions:

an (an dem = am|an das = ans) - on:
Dative— Das Bild hängt an der Wand. (Wo?—an der Wand). Painting hanging on the wall (Where?)
Accusative- Ich hänge das Bild an die Wand (wohin? - an die Wand). I hang a picture on the wall. (where?)

auf (auf das = aufs) - on:
Dative— Das Buch liegt auf dem Tisch. The book is on the table.
Accusative— Ich lege das Buch auf den Tisch. I put the book on the table.

hinter - behind, behind, from:
Dative— Der Brief liegt hinter dem Schreibtisch. The letter is on the table.
Accusative— Der Brief ist hinter den Schreibtisch gefallen. The letter fell on the table.

in (in dem = im|in das = ins) - in:
Dative— Ich war in der Schweiz. I was in Switzerland.
Accusative— Ich fahre in die Schweiz. I'm going to Switzerland.

neben - near, near:
Dative— Der Tisch steht neben dem Bett. The table is next to the bed.
Accusative— Ich stelle den Tisch neben das Bett. I'll put a table next to the bed.

über - over, oh, more:
Dative— Das Bild hängt über dem Sofa. The painting hangs over the sofa.
Accusative— Laura hängt das Bildüber das Sofa. Laura hangs a picture over the sofa.

unter - under:
Dative— Die Katze sitzt unter dem Stuhl. The cat is sitting under the chair.
Accusative— Die Katze kriecht unter den Stuhl. The cat crawled under the chair.

vor (vor dem = vorm) - before, before:
Dative- Die Taxis stehen vorm Bahnhof. Taxis stand in front of the railway station.
Accusative— Die Taxis fahren direkt vor die Tür. Taxis drive right up to the door.

zwischen - between:
Dative-Das Foto ist zwischen den Büchern. The photo stands between the books.
Accusative Hast du das Foto zwischen die Büchern gesteckt? Did you put the photo between the books?

Prepositions with the Genitiv case:

  • außerhalb (outside/outside/outside/outside): Außerhalb der Stadt gibt es viel Wald. Outside the city there is a large forest.
  • innerhalb (within/within/within/within): Bitte bezahlen Sie die Rechnung innerhalb einer Woche. Please pay the bill within a week. Der Hund kann sich innerhalb der Wohnung befinden. The dog may be in the apartment.
  • laut (according to…/according to something/by/): Laut einer Studie sind nur 50% der Deutschen glücklich. According to a study, only 50% of Germans are happy.
  • mithilfe (with the help/assistance): Mithilfe eines Freundes gelang ihm die Flucht. With the help of his friends, he managed to escape.
  • statt (instead of smth.): Statt eines Blumenstrausses verschenkte er ein altes Buch. Instead of a bouquet of flowers, he gave an old book.
  • trotz (despite/despite): Trotz einer schlechten Leistung bestand er die Prüfung. Despite poor performance, he passed the exam.
  • während (during something / during something / in the process): Während seines Studiums lernte er Englisch. During his studies at the institute, he learned English.
  • wegen (because of / as a result of smth.): Wegen eines Unglücks hatte der Zug Verspätung. The train was late due to an accident.
    IMPORTANT : with personal pronouns pretext Wegen will be used with case Dative: Wegen dir|mir (+Dativ) - Wegen dir habe ich drei Kilo zugenommen. Because of you, I gained 3 kg.

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