Wooden floor beams in aerated concrete house. How to make wooden floors in a house from aerated concrete between floors: waterproofing, installation, supporting beams. Ceilings from aerated concrete slabs

Houses of aerated concrete blocks are built with a height of no more than three floors. Ceilings in houses made of aerated concrete are made taking into account the material of the walls, as well as gas blocks are selected with such characteristics that they can withstand the ceilings.

Types of floors for aerated concrete

• monolithic;
• reinforced concrete slabs;
• aerated concrete slabs;
• wooden or metal beams.

Slab floors

Floor slabs can be reinforced concrete or aerated concrete. Aerated concrete ceiling is lighter than reinforced concrete, aerated concrete slabs are assembled into a monolithic sheet thanks to the tongue-and-groove system. If plates without grooves and ridges are used, then reinforcement is laid in the gap between the plates and a sand-cement mortar is poured. Aerated concrete floor slabs are reinforced with mesh, they can withstand a load of 600 kg per 1 square meter, which is quite enough for an individual residential building.

Scheme of the device for flooring from aerated concrete slabs

Aerated concrete floor slabs can be of different sizes. The slab should be 20 centimeters longer than the span in order to go 10 centimeters onto the wall on each side.

Reinforced concrete slabs are similar to aerated concrete, but they are much heavier, so when using them, it is necessary to accurately calculate the load.

The advantages of slab floors include:

• fast installation;
• good noise and heat insulation;
• high bearing capacity;
• affordable cost.

Monolithic floors

For a monolithic ceiling, a reinforcing cage is made, which is poured with concrete. The thickness of the monolithic ceiling can reach 300 mm. A monolithic floor can be of any shape - this is the main difference from a slab floor, which can only be rectangular. A monolithic floor has a high bearing capacity - up to 800 kg per square meter, but it takes a long time and is expensive to make.

Monolithic floor device

Ceilings by beams

For this option, metal or wooden beams are used, on which plywood or board flooring is laid, and the space between the beams is filled with expanded clay, mineral wool, polystyrene foam or other heaters. This is a proven and inexpensive way to make an interfloor overlap.

An example of a wooden floor in a gas block house

Which floors are better for aerated concrete houses

Foreman's advice:
In houses from gas blocks, you can make any overlap, subject to an accurate calculation of the load on the walls. The easiest way is to make the floors wooden or from aerated concrete slabs, because the load from them on the walls is lower than from other materials, and besides, these options are the cheapest.

It is usually believed that internal partitions are not load-bearing, so they are made slightly lower than the load-bearing walls so that the ceilings do not rest on them. Aerated concrete partitions are usually made 2 centimeters below the ceilings so that the ceiling does not put pressure on them, because cracks may appear on the partitions from such a load.

Aerated concrete window and door lintels can be considered a type of ceiling - they are used with the design load according to the project. If the wall thickness exceeds 500 mm, prefabricated lintels can be used. The length of the jumper should be 100 mm more than the width of the opening in each direction.

Video: laying wooden floors in aerated concrete house

Aerated concrete blocks are in demand in private construction, the best option in terms of budget is a house with an area of ​​over 100 m2, which includes two floors. The type of interfloor overlap can be anything: from monolithic to prefabricated, the main materials are reinforced concrete, metal, wood and cellular concrete grades similar to walls. The main factors taken into account when choosing include the bearing capacity, durability, reliability and weight of the structure, economic feasibility, the need for the use of special equipment and the impact on the timing of the work.

Requirements for floors of the first floor

Unlike an attic or floors close to the ground, it separates rooms with the same temperature zones, and there is no need for insulation or enhanced protection against moisture. The main function is the uniform distribution of weight loads: own weight, furniture, people, walls of subsequent floors and roofs. To ensure this condition and protect gas blocks from punching and cracking, the ceiling is placed on top of the armored belt laid on the 1st floor along the entire upper perimeter of the vertical load-bearing structures. The fire safety of the materials used, their soundproofing and strength properties are also taken into account.

• Monolithic reinforced concrete slabs poured directly on site.
• Multi-hollow precast concrete products made of concrete of various grades, installed using lifting equipment.
• Prefabricated monolithic from aerated concrete.
• Beam ceilings made of metal or wood.

1. Pros and cons of monolithic slabs.

The essence of the technology lies in pouring concrete into a formwork with high supports placed on the ground floor. The thickness of the plate varies between 10-20 mm; to enhance its strength, it must be reinforced with metal. Two versions are possible: with the same section over the entire plane and lightweight, with stiffening ribs directed downwards. The top layer of concrete serves as the floor of the second floor, due to the lack of seams and rough joints, the need for finishing is minimal.

Such a system is considered reliable and resistant to loads and impacts, it complies with fire safety standards. But despite all the advantages, it is not chosen more often than others for a house made of aerated concrete blocks, the technology is expensive and time-consuming and requires coordination with the authorities that allow the commissioning of facilities. The main condition is the filling of a single monolith with a high-quality mortar, which implies the acquisition of trademarks and the use of concrete pumps. The cost of construction also increases due to the need for reliable formwork (most often rented) and the interruption of work until the final curing of the cement (it is allowed to erect the walls of the next floor at least 3 weeks after concreting).

2. The nuances of overlapping finished concrete products.

This variety is recommended for span widths up to 6 m when installing smooth slabs, 9 for ribbed ones. Despite the limitation in size and the need for special equipment, it is in demand. This is due to the high speed of placement work, independence from seismic activity and the use of products with proven characteristics. The height is selected taking into account the expected loads; for a house made of aerated concrete, the recommended range is 12-20 cm for smooth types, 25-20 for ribbed ones. The main requirement of the technology is the support of the plates on the load-bearing walls, the reinforcement and strengthening of the upper row of the walls of the first floor is mandatory, the internal partitions on the second are erected later.

3. Features of beam-type floors.

This option is considered the most budgetary, it has several layers: working boards or profiled sheets are fixed on both sides between supports made of wooden beams or rolled bars, the interior space is filled with heat and sound insulating materials, the top layer acts as a subfloor. To avoid deflection, the floor beams go onto the walls of aerated concrete, the support on the armored belt should be at least 15-20 cm. At the same time, contact along the entire length of the blocks is avoided, the edges of the supports are insulated from the side of the facade with mineral wool or foam.

Metal beams win in reliability, but due to their large weight, they cannot always be installed independently. The recommended step of their placement is 90-120 cm, the entrance to the armored belt is 25 cm, the presence of additional fasteners is mandatory. Wooden beams are laid without involving cranes with an interval of 0.5-1.5 m, special attention is paid to the treatment with flame retardants and antiseptics.

This option provides the lowest bearing capacity, yielding to reinforced concrete by almost half, but due to the availability of materials, low weight load on gas blocks and ease of installation, it is most often chosen.

4. Prefabricated monolithic structures made of aerated concrete.

This type is valued for the possibility of self-installation without the involvement of cranes or concrete pumps. It consists of gas blocks placed on top of relatively light reinforced concrete beams (weight does not exceed 120 kg) and a thin layer of reinforced screed - within 50 cm. Any rectangular products made of lightweight concrete can be used, including polystyrene foam, but the best (similar to the wall material) characteristics are observed in aerated concrete. All gaps between the blocks are filled with mortar, the overlap is reinforced with a metal mesh. The final strength is reached after 28 days, but the partial load of the subfloor and the second floor is allowed after a week.

Advantages and limitations of each option

All of the above floors provide the required bearing capacity (within 500-800 kg / m2), the final type is selected based on the budget and the timing of the work. Beam and prefabricated monolithic structures have restrictions in the number of storeys, according to building codes, they are only suitable for two-story and attic houses made of aerated concrete.

Overlap - horizontal design, which is not only a separating barrier between floors, a residential level and a basement or roof, but also performs transfer and distribution function the load taken on by load-bearing walls and other elements also ensures the rigidity of the house.

And if it's about roofing, basement or basement ceilings, then they must be arranged in such a way as to guarantee the preservation of heat.

The device of a monolithic reinforcing belt

For aerated concrete buildings reinforcing belt device is mandatory. Besides what it does load distribution function from the floors themselves, the walls of the upper floor, and the so-called payload: people, interior items, equipment, etc., armored belt compensates for the main disadvantage of aerated concrete associated with its inability to bend.
And despite the fact that aerated concrete withstands compression well, the absence of a reinforcing belt will lead to an uneven load on the load-bearing walls. As a result, cracks appear on the walls, and some blocks may even burst. For the device of a reinforcing or strapping circuit heavy types of concrete are used and fittings corresponding class A III.

One of the ways to construct a reinforcing belt can be as follows:

• first, concrete blocks are installed along the outer edge or you can use silicate brick for this;
• reinforcement is laid between them and the edge of the ceiling, which is necessarily tied up (cell size, on average, 10 × 10 cm);
• corners, external and internal, are reinforced with steel brackets;
• thereafter - reinforcing belt poured with concrete

The main types of floors for houses made of aerated concrete

When building houses from aerated concrete, you can use both monolithic and prefabricated floors. Overlappings can be arranged on wooden and metal beams, using hollow core slabs made of heavy concrete or cellular concrete, prefabricated monolithic structures or produced directly on site in the form of a monolithic slab.
Each type of cover has its undeniable advantages and, accordingly, the disadvantages, but given the popularity of the use of aerated concrete in private housing construction, the following three selection criteria come to the fore:

1. The need to use special equipment;
2. The cost of materials and installation;
3. Construction speed.

Selection of floors by strength characteristics and maximum loads, in most cases is not relevant, since all these types provide it at a level sufficient for this category of construction objects, on average, the calculated data are within from 500 to 800 kg load per 1 m² area.

But when choosing, materials are preferred having less weight, while maintaining the strength characteristics, and a sufficient service life, commensurate with aerated concrete, and resistance to various external influences: natural or chemical character.

Ceilings from aerated concrete slabs

The use of material similar in properties and characteristics for floors for houses made of aerated concrete is justified, especially considering that the thermal conductivity of the material is the same. Moreover, having settled on this material, you can choose for a house floor device:

• prefabricated monolithic structures, which, during the installation process, are reinforced by the device of concrete reinforced joints;
• monolithic slabs;
• reinforced concrete slabs for coverings.

Many manufacturers of aerated concrete blocks offer the production of floor slabs according to individual sizes, but on average length is up to 6 m, width- up to 1.5 -1.8 m, and thickness- only 30 cm, and the calculated load per 1 m² is about 600 kg. Aerated concrete floor slabs are manufactured only by autoclave, and their density corresponds to D500.

Often monolithic slabs supplied with tongue and groove joints, which ensures the tightness of their fit to each other, and the installation is carried out in the shortest possible time- in one work shift, a team of 2-4 people can cover an area from 50 to 120 m². The most crucial moment when installing floors in this way is agreeing on the terms of production of plates, their transportation to the site and the crane rental time required for this.

For floors using prefabricated monolithic T-shaped blocks special lightweight reinforced concrete beams are used, the length of which is about 7 m, and the height is only 20 cm. The weight of this design is approximately 120 kg, which allows it to be installed manually.

Beam installation step is 68 cm, which, with a block length of 60 cm, provides it with support on a beam equal to 2 cm on each side. When installing the first row, one side of the floor block is also must be at least 2 cm lean on the load-bearing wall of the building.

Formed connections between blocks, in the form of grooves must be filled with concrete., its class must correspond to B20, and after all the floor blocks are laid, knitted reinforcing mesh and a layer of concrete of 5 cm is laid. Complete setting of concrete occurs after 4 weeks, but it is allowed to partially load the structure after 6-7 days.

Ceilings from reinforced concrete slabs

Traditional hollow core heavy concrete floor slabs are quite can be used for houses constructed from aerated concrete. Their use is most justified if the formed spans are 4.5-6 meters. But before proceeding with the installation, also a durable monolithic armored belt is required, which will distribute its rather large weight to the load-bearing walls.

In terms of cost, this one of the most economical device options overlapping of the building, even taking into account the fact that it is necessary to involve special equipment for their installation, namely a crane. In addition, the delivery of slabs to the construction site is often accompanied by certain difficulties., considering the weight and especially the length of the products. The overlap of this type of slab allows loads of 800 and even a little more per 1 m².

Wooden and metal beams

On wooden beams in aerated concrete houses it is possible to arrange not only interfloor ceilings, but also basement, attic or attic. But it is not recommended to use this type in case if the distance between load-bearing walls exceeds 6 m, in this case, a deflection occurs that exceeds 1/300 of the length of the log or beam used as beams. The size of the beam section is determined primarily by its type, the planned loads and the span length.

But it is important to observe the following rule: the distance between the axes of adjacent beams should be within the range of half a meter to a meter.

Supporting a beam on a pre-prepared reinforced belt made of monolithic reinforced concrete should be 12-15 cm. To fix them, special anchor plates with an anti-corrosion coating are used.

But, giving preference to wooden beams, it should be remembered that they must be treated with antipyretic compounds, as well as means directed against the reproduction of insects and various microorganisms. The only thing you should exclude are products made on an oily basis, since they prevent moisture from evaporating and given the moisture absorption of the main building material of the building, it will worsen its strength and performance characteristics.

It is also important to take care of sufficient thermal insulation of such a floor- this will protect against the formation of a dew point right in the beam itself. It is necessary to pay attention to the connection of the wall and the beam, the so-called interface node.

To prevent moisture condensation in this area, all gaps must be sealed, for example, sealants or plaits from polyethylene foam. Full contact should not be allowed along the entire length of the beam with the wall, in this place 5 cm clearance required, which is sealed with insulation, most often it is mineral wool.

Beams, the length of which exceeds 4-4.5 m, due to their deflection deform and break monolithic belt, therefore it is recommended before installing them, to perform a small chamfer at their ends to exclude the manifestation of these negative processes. After the beams are installed, you can proceed to the device of the subfloor and the laying of thermal insulation, and if the basement is being performed, you need to take care of effective vapor barrier.

Similarly, the installation of metal beams occurs, for which are used:

• I-beams;
• channel;
• pipes with a square section.

Their bearing capacity high enough, they provide allowable loads up to 500-600 kg per 1 m², but must have reliable anti-corrosion treatment. Their installation, as well as wooden beams, does not require the involvement of special equipment and can be performed by a team of 2-3 people.

Monolithic overlap

The device of this type of overlap is also is valid in houses made of aerated concrete and arranged using formwork. In this case, the thickness of the slab can be 10-20 cm. Such a floor has the highest bearing capacity, exceeding 800 kg / 1 m². For such a cover span doesn't matter, as well as the configuration: it can be made both round and semicircular, as well as any other shape.

Concrete can be made directly on the site, but it is recommended to use the factory, with exact observance of all technology of its production. Also, most likely, the services of a concrete pump will be required, since the mixture must be supplied to a certain height.

Wooden floors in a house made of aerated concrete are interfloor, basement, attic. This is the most economical option that you can make yourself.

Advantages of wooden floors

Bearing structures made of wood have a number of positive characteristics:

• light weight;
• environmental friendliness;
• low cost;
• ease of installation;
• rich choice of wood;
• flexibility in configuration.

Wood improves the indoor climate of aerated concrete blocks, promotes air circulation, and maintains normal humidity.

Preparation before carrying out work on the manufacture of the floor frame

Before starting work, it is necessary to prepare building materials for mounting the frame and walls. Aerated concrete needs to be reinforced, it does not tolerate compressive loads well. This is especially true for frames between floors, including wooden floors in an aerated concrete building with a basement.

The base is under load from the weight of the building material, the installed furniture, the people living in the room. Structural elements are also subject to vertical pressure, which also affects aerated concrete walls.

Reinforcement is carried out when laying walls every 4 rows. This procedure prevents the interaction of wall concrete with wooden beams, which are attached to the chord with reinforced plates. The fittings are laid in strobes cut in blocks with a size of 1.2 * 1.2 cm.

For the arrangement of beam ceilings, the following materials will be required:

• Beams made of wood without weak zones, large knots, or glued laminated timber with a size of 50 * 150 mm.
• Wooden blocks 5*5 cm.
• Waterproofing in rolls and coating.
• Plywood, lining or other material for filing beam ceilings from the inside.
• Antiseptic, fire retardant impregnation.
• Sand, cement, gravel.

Wood processing methods and installation of load-bearing beams

Wood raw materials have some disadvantages; to eliminate them, the material is processed:

• special impregnations from rotting, fungus, mold;
• solutions, preventing the penetration of moisture;
• heat-resistant means that reduce the flammability of wood.

Steel structural elements must be treated with anti-corrosion mixtures.

The installation of the supporting structure begins with the laying of load-bearing beams in increments of no more than 1 meter on the walls with an approach of more than 15 cm.

Extreme wooden beams are installed first. With the help of a long board, set at the end, they are brought out by level. They should not be in close contact with the walls, but have a gap of 3–4 cm, which is later filled with insulation.

The remaining beams are mounted horizontally at the level of the extreme ones. If the supports are not long enough, they can be built up with the same material. The bars are bolted together with an overlap of 0.5–1 meter. Such a fastening is considered reliable.

The beam is attached to the armored belt with anchor plates. The ends of the bars are cut at an angle of approximately 70 ° for a better exit of moisture. The tree is coated with an antiseptic and heat-resistant impregnation. Oil-based substances and paint are not recommended for these purposes. They disrupt the process of natural evaporation of moisture.

The parts of the beams that go beyond the wall are coated with bituminous mastic and wrapped with rolled roofing material in several layers. The outer ends are insulated with polystyrene foam.

For insulation, the voids between the beams are filled with aerated concrete blocks or bricks with gaps between different materials of 2–3 cm. Mineral wool is hammered into the voids. It does not allow the tree to become damp, prevents condensation.

Calculation of the size of the wooden floor

It is important to correctly calculate the interfloor elements, the durability of the house made of aerated concrete directly depends on this. Before starting construction, it is necessary to determine the length and cross section of the beams.

It is difficult to calculate the total load on the aerated concrete block and timber. Its total value is assumed to be 400 kg / m², this includes the mass of the structure, furniture, residents.

In the table below, to determine the section, the span length and log spacing are indicated.

Let the span length in the aerated concrete house be 4 m, and the beams are installed every 60 cm. From the data in the table it can be seen that a bar with a section of 100 * 200 mm is suitable for construction.

It is important to consider that the boards go into the wall at least 15 cm, so the length of the supporting structure is 4.3 m (4 \u003d 0.15 \u003d 0.15).

The thickness of the beams is determined depending on the expected load, plus a margin of 15–20%. When calculating the step between them, take into account:

• span width;
• type of wood;
• load on the structure.

The larger the span, the more often the ribs need to be laid. This will eliminate their deflection under their own and additional weight.

The cross section of the lumber should provide a deflection of no more than 1/300 of the size of the floor span. For good resistance to loads, building materials up to 6 m long are used.

After calculating the dimensions of the structural elements, they begin to acquire the necessary materials.

Technology of installation of wooden floors

Due to the specific properties of wood, the installation of floors in the house has some design features. All load-bearing elements are reinforced with metal: the joints are fixed with stainless plates. With a large area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room, additional elements are added: columns or crossbars.

The construction of a wooden supporting structure in an aerated concrete house is carried out in a certain sequence.

Step #1

Calculation of structural elements:

• Installation begins on the short side of the room.
• The step of the flooring directly depends on the cross section of the timber. It is better to lay material with a large cross section less often than more often with a small one.
• The first timber is mounted perfectly evenly, according to the level.
• Wooden beams must withstand pressure up to 400 kg per 1 m².
• The optimal size of the bearing element is the ratio of height and width of 1.5 to 1.

Step #2

Preparation for installation. When erecting walls, it is necessary to outline the places for attaching bars with the following characteristics:

• crossbar step- 1m;
• beam depth- 0.3 m;
• building material width- 0.3 m.

The ends of the installed boards are treated with waterproofing and insulated. The remaining air space does not need to be filled with anything.

Step #3

The layout of the pie of the supporting structure. The process includes the following operations:

Scheme of the "pie" of a wooden floor

• All elements of a wooden floor, with the exception of the ends, are treated with moisture and fire retardant impregnations.
• The beams are measured, laid along the perimeter of the room, on each side of the fastening, 0.4-0.5 m of the size of the room is left. To give strength at an angle of 70 °, “corners” are sawn off from them, that is, they give the elements the shape of a trapezoid.
• The extreme ribs are mounted according to the level, they are centered. The gap for ventilation should be 2-4 cm.
• All laid main boards are fixed with dry crushed stone, landing recesses are concreted with a mixture of cement and crushed stone.
• Thermal insulation with a layer of at least 100 mm is done after the screed has completely hardened. Expanded polystyrene, ecowool or expanded clay are suitable for filler.
• A hydrobarrier made of liquid rubber, injection resin, bituminous agents or seamless polyurea is laid on top.
• They lay lags. The base material is beams 5 cm thick. A draft floor is attached to them across the self-tapping screws, the material of which is pre-impregnated with an antiseptic.
• Ceiling flooring is made in the same sequence as the floor device.
• The final stage is the final cladding of structures.

In a house of aerated concrete, you can make a monolithic belt of aerated concrete for the installation of wooden floors. It is created from special gas blocks that evenly distribute pressure on the walls. This will prevent cracking of the wall tiles.

Aerated concrete is a fairly warm and light material. Its increasing popularity is due to the fact that aerated concrete blocks retain heat well and have a low cost. But it is important to remember that this material does not have high strength. This must be taken into account when choosing other supporting structures. If we talk about floors, then wooden floors in such a house made of aerated concrete will be the best option.

Types of structures

To divide the interfloor space, you can use the following types of structures:

• overlapping on beams;
• slab floor;
• monolithic cover.

The use of heavy metal or reinforced concrete elements in an aerated concrete house is undesirable, therefore, flooring on wooden beams is the most common and reasonable option.

precast concrete

The positive aspects of this type of construction include:

• high installation speed;
• reliability and durability;
• incombustibility.

There are many more disadvantages of this type. They are especially noticeable during the construction of a private house from aerated concrete:

• limited number of sizes;
• a large mass of elements;
• the need to use lifting equipment;
• impossibility of application at a complex form of the room;
• the need for a large area for storage.

In addition, heavy reinforced concrete floors increase the load on the walls and foundations of the house, which significantly reduces the savings achieved through the use of aerated concrete.

Monolithic reinforced concrete

Monolithic overlap allows it to be used in rooms of complex shapes and with atypical spans. There are two types of such floors for a private house:

• on wooden beams and moisture-resistant plywood;
• on metal beams and profiled sheet.

The second for an aerated concrete house immediately disappears due to the high mass and too large differences in the characteristics of the material. A monolithic floor using wooden beams is suitable for buildings with small spans, since with increasing distances between the walls, the thickness of the concrete layer increases.

The device of concrete floors of considerable thickness creates too large loads on fragile aerated concrete walls.

The positive characteristics of this type of construction include:

• the possibility of filling the area of ​​any shape;
• no need for complex equipment;
• strength and reliability.

The cons include:

• the complexity of the process;
• it is necessary to install formwork and special support posts;
• the complexity of technological regimes when laying the mixture;
• large mass of the structure.

Wooden

The positive qualities of wooden floors include:

• low cost;
• small mass;
• the possibility of giving the design of various configurations;
• ease of installation;
• no need for complex technology.

The features of this material include the need for two types of special treatment with fire retardants and antiseptics. The former protect the tree from fire, while the latter prevent damage by fungus or mold. This is especially important when erecting the floor of the first floor in the presence of a cold basement or underground and attic floor in the presence of a cold attic. In both of these cases, wooden structures come into contact with cold air and condensation is possible on them, which leads to damage by microorganisms.

Roofing device using wooden beams

The main load-bearing element of this design is a wooden beam, which transfers the payload and the load of the floor structure to the walls. There are three options:

• beam;
• ribbed;
• beam-ribbed.

When designing a beam, the greatest attention is paid to the bearing element. To choose the right section, experts perform calculations on strength and rigidity. The device of such structures in a private house allows an approximate selection of the section of the beams. It depends on the pitch of the bearing elements. With a step of 0.6 m, the following values ​​\u200b\u200bcan be given:

• 75 by 100 mm with a span of 2 m;
• 75 by 150 mm with a span of 2.5 m;
• 75 by 200 mm - 3 m;
• 100 by 200 mm - 4-4.5 m;
• 125 by 200 mm - 5m m;
• 150 by 200 mm - 6 m.

If the spacing of the beams is larger, the values ​​should be increased.
In general, the attic floor pie looks like this:

• bearing beams;
• lags;
• boardwalk;
• clean floor.

When installing a basement ceiling or ceiling of the last floor, when they come into contact with cold air, a heater is laid between the lags. In this case, it becomes necessary to install a layer of vapor barrier on the side of warm air and protection from moisture on the side of cold air.

An important point is the fastening of the load-bearing beams to the walls. The support depth is taken at least 12 cm. When materials of different structure come into contact, it is necessary to provide a waterproofing layer: the ends of the beams are covered with a waterproofing material. As a waterproofing, you can use:

• bituminous mastic;
• ruberoid;
• roofing (obsolete material);
• hydroisol;
• linokrom.

The beam must not be rigidly fixed. Sometimes for this, a bevel at an angle of 70 degrees is provided at the end.

To evenly distribute the load, small wooden plates are installed under the beam support points. They must be wider than the bearing beam.

Beams are mounted simultaneously with the construction of walls. First you need to lay the extreme elements and check their evenness using the building level and a straight long board. After making sure that they are horizontal, mount the remaining bars.

With proper installation and careful processing of wooden horizontal elements, you can achieve a very long service life and high reliability. For a house made of aerated concrete, this type of structure will be an excellent solution at a reasonable price.