Terms of sowing the main garden crops in open ground. When to plant seedlings Schedule for planting vegetables in open ground

Presenting for 2020 every day. Daily lunar calendar for gardeners, florists and gardeners. The lunar calendar of sowing and planting contains a detailed description of gardening work for every day. The calendar recommends favorable days for sowing, planting, caring for plants and a lot of necessary work in the flower garden, garden and vegetable garden, depending on the influence of the moon and taking into account the agrarian terms of Central Russia. The lunar calendar gives the dates for sowing and planting a large number of fruit, berry, vegetable and ornamental plants.

The calendar includes a calendar for 2020. The exact time of sunrise and sunset of the Sun and the Moon, the time of the entry of the Moon into the sign of the zodiac, the hours of the full moon, the new moon, the transition from the growing to the waning Moon, the time of the change of the lunar phases, the longitude of the day are indicated in Moscow time for the coordinates of Moscow.

Lunar calendar of sowing and planting for 2020 published for 10 days and updated weekly.

Experienced gardeners are invited to use the short lunar calendar in pictures, and you can open the general lunar sowing calendar in the form of a table published for three months at the picture link below:

March 13, 2020. Friday

March 14, 2020. Saturday

March 15, 2020. Sunday

March 16, 2020. Monday

March 17, 2020. Tuesday

March 18, 2020. Wednesday

March 19, 2020. Thursday

March 20, 2020. Friday

March 21, 2020. Saturday

March 22, 2020. Sunday

A few words about the lunar calendar of sowing and planting for every day of the year.

About the lunar calendar of sowing and planting for every day of the year

The daily lunar calendar of sowing and planting contains a list of work for every day in the garden, flower garden and vegetable garden. The lunar calendar is compiled for those who are passionate about gardening, floriculture, and horticulture. In the calendar, the days of sowing and planting of various crops are recommended based on the lunar phases and the passage of the zodiac constellation by the Moon, as well as agricultural terms.

The lunar calendar gives recommendations on what seeds to sow favorably, what plants to plant, how best to care for plants under the influence of the moon. The fertile zodiac signs Capricorn, Pisces, Taurus, Cancer, Libra, Scorpio favor sowing, planting, and a bountiful harvest. On the days of the infertile signs Aquarius, Aries, Gemini, Leo, Virgo, Sagittarius, you can sow and plant certain types of plants, mostly decorative. Under a favorable sign of the zodiac, root crops are planted and sown on the waning Moon, and other vegetable crops, berry and fruit, ornamental plants are planted and sown on the growing Moon. On the full moon and new moon, the lunar calendar does not recommend sowing and planting, these days they are struggling with plant diseases and pests.

Also in the lunar calendar, for each day, the necessary daily work in the garden and garden is listed, the result of which the Moon does not affect, these works are determined by the agrarian terms of the area and the weather. In the lunar sowing calendar for these works, we recommend days free from sowing and planting work.

The lunar calendar shows the dates of sowing and planting of many plants. These are fruit and ornamental trees, berry and ornamental shrubs, annual and perennial flower and berry crops. Our lunar calendar tells about the favorable sowing and planting dates for almost all vegetable crops bred in the Middle lane, with different growing methods: planting, forcing, sowing, through seedlings, including in a greenhouse, on a windowsill and in open ground.

The lunar calendar of sowing and planting for each day contains astronomical information indicating the exact time of the moon's entry into each sign of the zodiac, the hours of the full moon and new moon, the time of sunrise and sunset, the time of sunrise and sunset and the length of the daylight hours. If the Moon enters some sign of the zodiac during the day, then in the lunar calendar in the column of recommendations for sowing and planting, a note is given before the specified hour sowing, planting and caring for plants according to the recommendations of the previous day of the lunar calendar.

In addition, in the lunar calendar of sowing and planting, for each day, folk signs are given on the moon and signs for the harvest from the folk agricultural calendar.

Astronomical information about the Sun in our calendar

If you observe the position of the Sun long enough, for example, during the year, you will notice that its height above the horizon on different days will not be the same - the largest is on June 21-22, and the smallest is on December 21-22. In different years, these events fall on different days. These days are called the summer and winter solstices. Twice a year, March 20-21 and September 22-23, the Sun rises exactly in the east and sets exactly in the west. These days it is under and above the horizon at the same time (that is, the day is equal to the night), and therefore they are called the days of the spring and autumn equinoxes. Between March 21 and September 22, the Sun rises north of the east point and, conversely, between September 23 and March 21, south of it.

Traditionally, March 21, June 22, September 23 and December 22 are considered the beginning of the seasons in the northern hemisphere of the Earth: spring, summer, autumn and winter.

We publish information on which days the listed astronomical events fall this year in the daily lunar calendar, which is given above.

How to grow plants in the rhythm of the moon phases

The very topic of the influence on the growth and development of plants of the position of the planets in the zodiac circle, in particular the closest satellite of our planet - the Moon, the interaction of the phases of the Moon and growth, plant development, and the activity of microbiological processes in the soil is interesting.

The influence of the Moon on earthly affairs has been known since ancient times. It is with this planet that the tidal and ebb phenomena of oceanic and sea waters are associated, as well as fluctuations in electromagnetic fields that affect the weather. It is believed that during the full moon, the above-ground parts of plants are filled with juice to a greater extent, and at the new moon, it seems to tend to recede to the roots. In the first case, there is a stronger hydration of the tissues, in the second - some dryness. From here, studies of the influence of the moon on plants take place, and on the basis of the knowledge gained, a lunar calendar is compiled for each day of the current year.

Plants are influenced not only by the phases of the moon, but also by its position in the signs of the zodiac. It is better to plant when our companion is in the constellations of Taurus, Cancer, Libra, Scorpio, Capricorn, Pisces. Fight weeds when she is in the signs of Aries, Gemini, Sagittarius, Aquarius. The presence of the Moon in the constellation Aries encourages the collection of fruits - they are better stored. Moving to the constellation of Libra is favorable for watering and vaccinations, to the constellation of Leo - for mowing and weeding, Sagittarius - for digging up root crops, Aquarius - for destroying pests.

According to the experience of astrological observations, the zodiac signs are divided into productive (fertile): Taurus, Cancer, Libra, Scorpio, Capricorn, Pisces, and unproductive (infertile): Aries, Gemini, Leo, Virgo, Sagittarius, Aquarius. Planting and sowing fruit and ornamental plants according to the lunar calendar is best done when the Moon is in a productive zodiac sign.

How is the lunar calendar of sowing and planting for every day

From the angle of practical consideration, the recommendations of the lunar calendar will be consistent if they correspond to the local calendar dates for sowing and planting crops. Due to the dissimilarity of climatic conditions, landscape, soil in different areas, it is impossible to develop a single lunar calendar. If we calculate the timing of sowing crops in another specific area, then we will get significant dissimilarity. In one case, these will be belated dates, in the other - too early (compare the south of Russia and the Urals). Agricultural work, as well as care and cleaning work, are also associated with the length of daylight hours.

The local folk calendar, traditional experience, accumulated knowledge are the main support in the practical activities of the gardener, florist and gardener. For neighboring regions, any lunar calendar needs to be amended regarding the deadlines for sowing and planting, taking into account the conditions of a particular area. Data on the exact time of the Moon's entry into the zodiac constellation can be obtained from the calendar (tear-off calendar) for gardeners and gardeners or the astrological calendar.

The weather also does not fall year on year - there are early and late springs, which is also taken into account when compiling the lunar calendar.

The dates of the passage of the phases of the moon do not coincide by year. In almost a month, the Moon passes through 12 constellations, called the signs of the Zodiac. The following year, the lunar calendar is shifted by 10 days. The dates of the passage of the phases of the moon are repeated after 19 years. Every year, the daily sowing and planting calendar is amended for the specific shape of the season and for the lunar phase.

An important factor in successfully obtaining seedlings on the windowsill is a solid seed material. Buy seeds from trusted companies, from trusted stores. If you have your own seeds, then there is nothing to worry about.

Seed preparation

If you have last year's seeds (fresh), then it will be enough to process them for two to three hours before planting in a solution of potassium permanganate (pink).

If the seeds are more than a year old, then it is better to soak them first in warm water for several hours, and only then pickle in potassium permanganate for 2-3 hours. Otherwise, there will be no friendly shoots, some seedlings will grow larger than others and after a while will begin to oppress the smaller ones.

Seeds pickled in potassium permanganate are filtered and laid out on an ordinary blotter or cotton pad, after 30–50 minutes the seeds acquire a loose state, and now they are much easier to sow.

Purchased processed seeds (they are in green or red shells) are not pickled in potassium permanganate and not soaked, but sown dry in highly moistened soil. Soaking these seeds can only harm friendly germination.

Seedling planting dates

Seeds are sown for seedlings, not all crops at once, because they have a different growing season.

• and pepper - sown in early February.
• Tomatoes - sown in the second half of February or the first decade of March.
• Cabbage - (early), in the first half of March, (late) at the end of March-first half of April.
• Cucumbers - at the end of March, the first half of April.

Seedlings sown in the month of February will not be strong and lush at first, as a result of a lack of light. The onset of spring, the sun and heat, an increase in daylight hours, will lead to the fact that the seedlings will wake up in a couple of weeks, gain strength and strength.

When planted at the end of February, the seedlings in May will go through the entire cycle of vegetative ripening and eggplants and peppers 30-45 centimeters tall will be in the open ground, and the tomato will be even higher. Now they will only have to open up, bloom and bring a powerful harvest, much earlier than the seedlings sown later.

Planting seeds

The cups (or the container that was prepared) fall asleep with the planting substrate. After lightly tamping (kneading with your fingers), we bring the height of the mixture to approximately two-thirds of the height of the glass.

If the earthen substrate is wet, then the filled cups are ready for planting seeds. If the earth mixture (substrate) turned out to be dry, then the filled cups are poured with plenty of water. Then the seeds are laid out, on the substrate and the substrate mixture is poured on top, with a layer of 1–2 centimeters. Again, lightly tamp with your fingers and slightly moisturize.

The soil above the seeds should be no higher than two centimeters, otherwise the seeds germinate for a long time, or may not sprout at all.

Usually 2-5 seeds are placed in all cups. With confidence in the quality of the seeds, 2-3 pieces are enough (after picking, after a week one of them is left, the most healthy seedling).

If you are not sure about the seeds, then you need to sow 5-6 seeds in each glass. When growing seedlings in pairs (tomatoes and peppers coexist well in pairs), then 3-4 seeds are sown in a glass.

With the same quality of seeds of pepper, tomatoes, cabbage and eggplant, pepper has the lowest germination, and tomatoes have the highest germination. Therefore, when sowing pepper, it is better to play it safe and sow a couple more seeds in each glass.

After planting and watering the seeds, the cups are covered with cellophane (which prevents the substrate from drying out before the seedlings appear) and placed in any warm place (before the seedlings germinate, the sown seeds do not need light). It is necessary to look under the film daily so as not to miss the beginning of seed germination. After the emergence of seedlings, the film is removed and the cups with plants are placed in the light.

When to plant seedlings. Terms of planting garden plants

When to plant what seedlings? Seedling Growth Calendar

The optimal time for landing is when the moon is below the horizon, that is, it has not yet risen or has already set, avoiding especially the rising and setting of the moon.

To get the best crop of inches, sow seeds in the ground during the growing moon - from new moon to full moon, preferably closer to the new moon. But not on the new moon: at this time, the seeds have a minimum of viability, they may not germinate. You can sow long-germinating seeds two days before the new moon.

The period two days before the new moon and seven days after the new moon is the best for sowing seeds that germinate and germinate very quickly or very long. The 3rd quarter of the moon is the best time for sowing seeds that germinate and germinate for a moderately long time.

You will get the best harvest of roots if you plant on the waning moon or two days before the full moon.

Any harvest intended for storage is best harvested during the waning moon and on days when the moon is in one of the "unproductive" signs of the zodiac.

It is best to dig up potatoes on the waning moon, closer to the new moon and when it is in Aries, Gemini, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius. It is permissible when the Moon is in Leo, Virgo. Scorpio, Cancer, Pisces - potatoes are poorly stored and tasteless.

Among the productive signs of the Zodiac, “wet” are noted, when plants most actively absorb water and accumulate it in the green parts. These are Cancer, Libra, Scorpio, Pisces. When the Moon is in these signs, watering is most effective. But harvesting grown products for the future (canning, pickling, pickling, drying, harvesting juices and wine) is effective with the growing Moon, when it passes the signs of Capricorn, Scorpio, Taurus. Less effective, but acceptable - with Gemini, Aries, Leo, Sagittarius, Pisces, Cancer, Virgo. Highly discouraged - with the Moon in Aquarius.

Planting calendar for seedlings of garden crops

A responsible and long-awaited time for gardeners is approaching - seedling cultivation cucumbers, tomatoes, other vegetables and flowers.

Very soon, the window sills of the apartments will turn into plantations with seedlings. The main question of interest to gardeners and gardeners - when to sow vegetable seeds for seedlings How to correctly calculate the timing of sowing.

Experienced gardeners know and know how to correctly determine the time of sowing. But there are more and more new types and hybrids of vegetable crops that you really want to grow.

The time for sowing seeds for seedlings can differ significantly even for varieties of the same crop. It is almost impossible to name the optimal sowing time, but it can be calculated, and with great accuracy.

To calculate the sowing time, you need to know:

The length of the growing season for a particular crop;
The optimal age of seedlings for planting in open ground;
How demanding are plants for heat;
Under what conditions will the crop be grown (greenhouse, greenhouse, open ground);
Seed germination period;
Weather conditions in your region;
Desired harvest time.

Let's collect all these elements in our future formula for calculating the timing of growing seedlings.

Length of the growing season

This is the time from the moment the seedlings appear, the formation of the plant until the harvest. The duration of each crop is different, so seedlings grow crops with a long growing season, otherwise the plants simply will not have time to produce a crop.

The duration of the growing season varies in different varieties of the same plant. Therefore, varieties are divided into early-ripening, mid-ripening and late.

Seed packages usually indicate length of the growing season in days. This is the number we need.

For the most popular vegetable crops, remember the average growing season:

tomatoes 80 – 140 days

eggplant 100 - 150 days

Sweet pepper 90 - 140 days

White cabbage 50 - 100 days

The range is very large, for example, late varieties are sown in February, early varieties in March-April.

Optimal seedling age for transplanting

Each culture has its own age for picking, transplanting and planting in open ground. This is the optimal age when young seedlings easily tolerate such a serious procedure, get sick less and take root faster. Therefore, calculate the sowing time correctly so that at the time of transplanting the seedlings are of a suitable age.

Early ripe tomatoes– 40-50 days

mid-ripening tomatoes– 55-60 days

Late ripe tomatoes– 70 days

Bell pepper– 50-65 days

eggplant– 45-60 days

These are indicative figures, it all depends on the length of the growing season.

Heat for seedlings

Vegetable crops grown in seedlings are very demanding on heat. An exception is cabbage, it is able to tolerate a relative decrease in temperature. This indicator will affect the timing of planting seedlings in open ground.

Landing in the ground is carried out when the probability of frost has passed. Today, there are varieties of tomatoes and peppers bred by breeders for the northern regions, they are less demanding on heat.

Growing conditions

In our formula, this is the most important variable, because plants planted in a greenhouse and in open ground differ significantly in terms of time. For example, tomato seedlings are planted in a greenhouse without heating already in early May, and in open ground - in the first decade of June.

That's why sowing seedlings in a greenhouse you can do it already in February, and for open ground not earlier than the end of March.

Of course, when growing in a greenhouse, a lot depends on the type of greenhouse itself, the material with which it is covered, and the presence of heating. When grown outdoors, it all depends on the weather conditions.

Desired harvest time

This parameter is relative, because by changing the timing of sowing seeds, we adjust the yield. By sowing in several stages, you can prolong the fruiting of vegetable crops by obtaining seedlings of different ages.

Such seedlings should be planted in the ground in stages.

Seed germination time

This is often forgotten, but it is an important parameter. In some types of vegetable crops, the time from sowing to germination is 10-15 days. Therefore, always consider the germination period of seeds. And not always everything depends only on the quality of the seeds themselves, but also on the conditions created - temperature, humidity, depth of placement.

Table of sowing dates for seeds of the main vegetable crops

Seed preparation and processing speeds up the germination process, shoots appear together. Dry and soaked seeds germinate differently.

Average germination rates for the main crops:

tomatoes 4-6 days

Bell pepper 12-15 days

eggplant 8-10

White cabbage 4-5 days

Climatic conditions

This is a key factor in the seeding time formula. It is easier to use the scheme of V.I. Kuznetsov, which is based on two main terms:

Cold sowing time- the time of planting cold-resistant crops and early-ripening varieties of cabbage in open ground, and planting heat-loving cucumbers, peppers, tomatoes, eggplants in closed ground (greenhouses and greenhouses).

Warm sowing time- the time when you can sow and plant seedlings of heat-loving crops in open ground.

The cold sowing period is determined by the physical ripeness of the soil (a certain temperature and humidity).

During the day, the temperature of the soil at a depth of 8 cm should be +8 degrees, which can be measured with an ordinary thermometer. If there is no desire to dig and measure with a thermometer, watch the birch. The appearance of the first leaves is a sign that the temperature is at the level we need.

Well, those who sow and plant according to the lunar calendar will find the right dates consistent with the movement of the moon.

Instruction

Seedlings are brought into the greenhouse by about May 10-20, and they are planted on open beds not earlier than June 10, since frosts on the soil are possible even at the beginning of summer.

Expect seedlings to appear after your sowing in 3-15 days. It is also necessary to take into account the age of the seedlings, which it must reach before planting in a permanent place. It takes 2-3 days for a plant to take root.

Here is an example of such a calculation: a celery seedling is planted in a garden around May 25th. Subtract from this date the optimal age of the plant, it is 70-80 days, subtract another 15 days that will take to germinate, and a few more days to adapt. It turns out that you need to subtract about 95 days from May 25. It turns out that you need to sow celery seedlings after February 25th.

If you need to get the first harvest by a certain date, consider the duration of the plant's growing season from planting to the appearance of fruits. This time is indicated on the package with seeds.

The early growing season is approximately 100 days. The successful age of seedlings for moving to a permanent place is 45-50 days. Sprouts sprout in 7-8 days. Seedlings are planted in the greenhouse around June 1. It turns out that in order to get a crop of tomatoes for fresh salad by July 20, you need to sow the seeds 100 days before this day, plus a week for germination and a few days for adaptation. It turns out the date is April 1-8.

Cucumbers, zucchini, melons are more early-ripening crops, but they tolerate transplanting into the ground worse. Start growing them in separate peat pots. These are very light-loving plants, so it makes no sense to sow them earlier than April 10-20.

If you have heated greenhouses, plant tomatoes and peppers in February or early March. Then you will start repotting plants in late April or early May. There is no need to rush, there is nothing good in overgrown seedlings.

To make it easier for you to navigate the dates, the following are the dates for planting the most popular plants in summer cottages: Celery. Ground - May 25. Seedling growth - 70-80 days. Shoot - 15 days. Sowing seeds - after February 25. Sweet pepper. Ground - June 5th. Seedling growth - 70 days. Shoot - 12-14 days. Sowing seeds - after March 10. Early white cabbage. Ground - after May 20. Seedling growth - 50 days. Shoot - 5 days. Sowing seeds - March 15. Eggplant. Ground - June 5th. Seedling growth - 50 days. Shoot - 12 days. Sowing seeds - April 1. Tomato. Seedling growth - 45-50 days. Shoot - 7-8 days. Sowing seeds - April 1-8. Cucumber. Ground - after May 25. Seedling growth - 25-27 days. Shoot - 3 days. Sowing seeds - not earlier than April 25. Head lettuce. Ground - June 10. Seedling growth - up to 40 days. Shoot - 4 days. Sowing seeds - after April 25. Mid-ripening cabbage. Soil - after early cabbage. Seedling growth - up to 40 days. Sowing seeds - the end of April. Pumpkin, squash, zucchini. Ground - June 10. Seedling growth - 25-27 days. Shoot - 4 days. Sowing seeds - after May 10.