Each team consists of 5 main and 5-7 (in major tournaments) permanent substitutes, who can enter the game only after the game is stopped and the referee whistles.
While the team in possession is entitled to a substitution at every stoppage of play, the team not in possession of the ball is only entitled to a substitution in the event of a bounce and time-out or when the team in possession makes a substitution.
Game time.
In all classes, basketball matches last 2 halves of 20 minutes of pure time.
The break between halves is 10 minutes. If at the end of the match the teams scored the same number of points, then extra time (5 minutes) is given to determine the winner.
Time-out.
Each team is entitled to 2 time-outs in each half and 1 time-out in extra time. Coaches usually use the timeout to give players tactical instructions and make substitutions.
Beginning of the game.
The game begins with the referee throwing the ball up in the center of the court between 2 players, each of whom tries to return the ball to his team. The rest of the team players are outside the center circle or in the front zone.
Movement rules.
According to this rule, the player who received the ball has the right to take only 2 steps (more precisely, 2 contacts with the floor). Touching the floor while receiving the ball (also catching the ball on the spot) counts as 1st contact. Jumping from a place with the ball in hand is a violation of the movement rule. Especially often this rule is violated during runs, at the beginning and at the end of dribbling.
Dribbling.
At a certain point, an athlete can only dribble once. As soon as the athlete touches the ball with both hands or takes it with one or the other hand, the dribbling ends. If the athlete again continues to dribble, then this is considered a violation of the rules (double-dribbling). The ball is passed to the opposing team who put it in play from behind the touchline.
Stop ball.
A stopping ball is such a game situation in which 1 or 2 players of each team are in contact with the ball and the ball is taken out of the game. In this case, the game continues with a controversial face-off.
The ball is out of play.
If the ball or the ball carrier touches the boundary lines of the court or the floor, an object or a person outside the court, the referee gives the command “offside”.
In the event that it is difficult to determine the offside position, i.e. if both side referees adhere to different opinions or if the referees are unable to determine which team caused the offside, the game continues with a face-off.
Throw-in.
After the game has been stopped in case of "offside" or technical errors(violation of the movement rule, double dribbling, violation of the 3 sec rule, etc.) the ball is put into play by a throw-in from the touchline. In case of a successful throw into the basket, a throw-in occurs from behind the end line.
Estimates.
Throwing the ball into the basket is counted if the ball falls through the ring and the net from top to bottom. For each successful throw made during the game, the team receives 2 points, for each successful free throw - 1 point.
Foul rule.
One of essential rules basketball is the foul rule (translated from English - "mistake"). There are personal and technical fouls.
Personal fouls include any intentional touching of an opponent (holding, pushing, hitting, blocking with hands and feet, etc.). In such cases, the ball is passed to the opponent for a throw-in. After the 11th foul in a half period, a foul on an opponent's missed shot is punishable by 2 free throws.
In addition, all personal comments are recorded in the athlete's personal card. If at the same time 2 players of the team receive a warning, then the opponent is entitled to 2 free throws. In most cases, the free throw is taken by the player against whom the rules were violated.
Players receive a mutual remark in case of simultaneous violation of the rules in relation to each other. In this case, a controversial throw-in occurs. Each player who has received 5 personal or technical remarks must leave the court. In case of gross and intentional violations of the rules, the athlete may be disqualified. But in both cases, the team has the right to change.
Beginning in 1976, offensive fouls on basket shots were penalized particularly severely. If the ball misses the basket due to a foul, the attacker is entitled to 2 free throws. If the ball misses the basket on the 1st or 2nd free throw, the attacker is entitled to 1 more free throw (3 in total).
If, despite the foul, the player shoots the ball into the basket, then this throw is counted and the player receives an additional 1 free throw.
A technical foul is called for unsportsmanlike conduct by a player and is punishable by 2 free throws by any player on the opposing team.
Time rules.
Some of the rules of time are extremely important. 30 seconds after the throw-in, the attack must be completed with a throw into the opponent's basket (30 second rule). The 3 second rule states that an attacker cannot be in the opponent's free throw area for more than 3 seconds. For the throw-in and for the implementation of the free throw, the player is given 5 seconds. If the time rules are violated, the ball is given to the opponent for a throw-in.
The 10 second rule implies that the attacking team must, after a throw-in taken in their own half of the court, no longer than 10 seconds later bring the ball to the opponent's half, after which the attacking team cannot return the ball to their own half.
On the nba.com website in the FAQ section, the answer to this question is given, I quote:
That is, according to the rules of the National Basketball Association, a clear framework for each quarter is set - 12 minutes. The NBA includes teams from the USA and Canada, so it can be argued that a quarter is equal to 12 minutes in these countries.
Outside of the US and Canada, basketball quarters are 12 minutes long in countries such as the Philippines and China.
In other countries, the quarters are shorter - 10 minutes each, so the total duration of the match is not 48, but 40 minutes. This so-called pure time, since all idle times and those moments when the game was paused are deducted.
Basketball is a popular sport game in which players must throw the ball with their hands into the opponent's net while avoiding the ball being taken by the opponent.
The match consists of four quarters, which last for 10 minutes. Between them there are breaks of 2 and 15 minutes.
There are also twelve minute quarters of the match. Basketball, in which a quarter of a match lasts 12 minutes, is played in the National Basketball Association (USA, Canada).
Usually a quarter in basketball lasts 10 minutes of pure time (when the ball is out of play, the stopwatch stops), but there are leagues in which each quarter is 2 minutes longer and equals 12. First of all, this is in the USA and Canada, which are united in the National Basketball League (NBA (NBA)), then there are less well-known championships, but still quite strong - China and the Philippines. Overtime here lasts as in other leagues - 10 minutes (2x5). It turns out that the entire match takes 48 minutes, not 40.
In the Russian and European basketball tradition, a quarter lasts ten minutes, but in the most popular and famous basketball league in the world - the NBA - a quarter is two minutes longer and lasts twelve minutes.
In addition, similar rules are in the national championships of China and the Philippines.
Perhaps this is a strategic move that gives American/Chinese/Philippines basketball players an advantage over their rivals in international competition - accustomed to 12 minutes, they get less tired in 10.
Many people know the rules of hockey and football, but such a beautiful game as basketball is ignored, and yet in some countries it is almost a national sport.
So here is the answer to your question. I'll give you a quote. You can read the rules of the basketball game here. Where I copied my answer.
The NBA is the USA and Canada.
Interestingly, some countries have their own changed rules for playing basketball. So, a quarter of the game lasts exactly twelve minutes in countries such as the USA and Canada, they are part of the National Basketball Association (NBA). But in Russia and all European countries, a quarter lasts only ten minutes.
in the championship of the national basketball association, a quarter lasts 12 minutes. In the European championships, 10 minutes are played.
A basketball quarter lasts 12 minutes in the NBA championship. This includes teams from countries such as the US and Canada. And also a quarter of the match is equal to 12 minutes in the Philippines and China. A full match here lasts 48 minutes. As for extra time, it is the same as everywhere else - it is five minutes. In all other countries, a quarter of a match lasts 10 minutes and, accordingly, the entire match lasts 40 minutes.
Such subtleties are known only to those who follow this sport. In Russia and in European countries, a quarter lasts ten minutes. In the NBA of the National Basketball Association, this period is longer than two minutes and lasts a total of twelve minutes.
The answer is in the US and Canada.
In the championship NBA(USA and two clubs from Canada (although the Vancouver Grizzlies have already moved to Memphis), as well as championships China and Philippines The duration of a quarter of a basketball game is 12 minutes. Full match - 48 minutes. Additional time, as elsewhere, 5 minutes. I have not heard about other countries, so I assume that there are ten everywhere. But I can be wrong.
Basic rules of basketball:
Basketball - a game of two teams of five people each - was born in the USA in 1891, and became popular all over the world. The aim of the game is taking possession of the ball and shooting into the opponent's basket while the other team is trying to prevent it. The ball is considered abandoned if it enters the basket from above and remains in it or passes through the net.
Basket consists of a bottomless mesh woven from a white cord, which is attached to a ring with an internal diameter of 45 centimeters, made of a metal rod with a cross section of 20 millimeters.
basket grid made in such a way that the ball passes freely through it. Ring suspended at a height of 3.05 meters from the floor and tightly attached to the shield 30 centimeters from its lower edge.
Shields are usually made of plexiglass or wood and measure 1.8 meters horizontally and 1.2 meters vertically. They are installed vertically at the ends of the playing court, parallel to the end lines. The lower edge of the shield is raised above the floor by 2.75 meters. The shields are placed 1.2 meters deep into the site from the middle of the front lines. Support structures are outside the playing field.
Playground It is a rectangle with a rigid surface 28 meters long and 15 meters wide. It is marked with clearly visible lines 5 centimeters wide, which do not go separately into the dimensions of the site.
They play basketball round ball made of leather, rubber, nylon, or other synthetic material that covers the surface of the rubber bladder. The circumference of the ball is 749–780 centimeters, and the weight is 567–650 grams. It is inflated with air so that when it hits a hard surface from a height of 1.8 meters, it can bounce up 1.2–1.4 meters. Ball should ideally be bright orange with black stripes. Balls are divided into: 1. indoor only; 2. universal.
Until the late 1960s, official competitions were held both outdoors and in gyms. Since 1968, all official matches have been played indoors only. The largest basketball tournaments are usually held in halls with a height of at least 7 m.
Each team consists of five players and seven substitutes. .
Athletes wear uniforms in contrasting colors. On the jersey of each player, on the chest and on the back, a number is drawn. In international competitions, numbers from 4 to 15 are allowed. Two basketball players of the same team cannot have the same number.
A game begins with a dropped ball in the center circle. Two people, one from each team, stand in the center circle, each in a semicircle on their own side of the court. The referee throws the ball between them so that none of the jumping players who are trying to throw the falling ball in the direction of their partners can touch it above the point of flight. Arguing players are not allowed to catch the ball. When it is played, the remaining eight athletes must be located outside the center circle until the ball is put into play. Once the team has the ball, the players can pass it to each other. While standing still, the player is not allowed to take more than one step with the ball in his hands. Transfers are the easiest way to move the ball.
Another way to move the ball is conducting . It allows the player to move with the ball around the court without the help of partners. The dribble is carried out by successive hits of the ball on the floor with the hand. The player is not limited in the number of strokes of the ball when dribbling, but if he catches it after dribbling, he is not allowed to dribble again. He must pass the ball to a partner or try to shoot it into the opponent's basket. A skilled player is able to dribble with any hand without looking at him, but by watching the actions of other basketball players on the court.
There are no restrictions in the game regarding which player and from which position can throw the ball into the ring. Everyone in possession of the ball within the area has the right to shoot, but, of course, the closer he is to the basket, the more likely he is to succeed. The ball can be thrown directly into the ring or into the backboard, after hitting which it bounces into the basket.
On a failed throw, the ball bounces off the ring or backboard, and either team may attempt to take possession of it. The players of the attacking team try to finish off the bounced ball into the basket immediately or, having mastered it, make a re-throw. The team has 24 seconds to shoot for the basket. If this rule is violated, the ball is transferred to the other team.
If the player who was pushed at that time took a throw and the ball did not enter the basket, he is entitled to two free throws, which he takes without interference due to free throw lines . This line, 3.6 meters long, is drawn parallel to the front line at a distance of 6 meters from the front surface of the backboard. A point is awarded to a team for a successful free throw.
The athlete must remain behind the free throw line until the ball touches the ring or backboard. Until this point, no player is allowed to enter the free throw area. If the last throw is not successful, the participants of both teams can fight for the ball bouncing off the ring.
If desired, a team may waive the right to take free throws and put the ball in play due to sideline together its intersection with the center line.
fouls:
Technical;
Mutual;
Personal;
disqualifying;
Non-athletic .
technical foul - a foul not caused by contact with an opponent. This may be disrespect for the referees, an opponent, a delay in the game, violations of a procedural nature. Penalty: Any player on the non-offending team scores 2 free throws. After the throws have been made, the discard is done in the same way as an unsportsmanlike foul.
Disqualifying foul is a foul due to egregious unsportsmanlike conduct. A disqualifying foul may be received by a player, substitute, coach or team official. Penalty: The number of free throws and the throw-in after them are charged in the same way as an unsportsmanlike foul.
unsportsmanlike foul - a foul committed as a result of contact in which the player did not try to play the ball within the rules. Penalty: If the foul is committed on a player who is in the throwing phase, then proceed in the same way as in the case of a personal foul. If the foul is committed on a player who is not in the throwing stage, then the injured player takes 2 throws. After free throws, the ball is thrown in by the injured team from outside the area on the extension of the center line. The exception is fouls committed before the start of the first period. In this case, after the free throws, a jump ball is played (as in the case of a normal start of the game). If a player commits 2 unsportsmanlike fouls in one match, he shall be disqualified.
Personal foul - foul due to personal contact. Penalty: If the foul is committed on a player not in the throwing phase, then: if the team does not score 5 team fouls, or the foul is committed by the player whose team was in possession of the ball, then the affected team takes a throw-in; otherwise, the injured player takes 2 free throws; If the foul is committed on a player who is in the stage of throwing, then: if the throw was successful, it counts and the injured player takes 1 free throw; if the throw was unsuccessful, then the injured player takes as many free throws as the number of points the team would have earned had the throw been successful.
Mutual foul is a situation in which two opposing Players commit fouls (due to contact) against each other at approximately the same time.
The rest of the rule violations that are not considered a foul are simply errors: running with the ball in hands (jogging), punching the ball, dribbling with two hands, repeated (double) dribbling, knocking the ball out of bounds, kicking . For faults or fouls that do not result in free throws, the game is restarted with a throw-in at the point closest to the place of the infringement. The athlete must put the ball into play within 5 seconds. After a successful shot for a field goal or a successful last free throw, the ball is put into play by members of the opposing team from behind the end line.
When a team commits 5 fouls (after which any of them is penalized with two free throws). The scorer records the minute breaks taken by each team and notifies the coach through the referees if he takes a second time-out in one half of the game. It shows the number of fouls committed by the player using numbered markers and also notifies the field officials of substitutions.
The game lasts 4 halves, 10 minutes each. Breaks between 1-2, 3-4 2 minutes, between 2-3 15 minutes. In the event of a tie, an additional 5-minute period is assigned, or as many such periods as it takes to change the tie score. The Game Clock registers only pure game time. When the referee in the field gives a signal, the timekeeper stops the clock and restarts it at the moment when, after putting the ball into play, it is touched by one of the basketball players on the court. The clock stops when free throws are taken.
The 24-second time operator ensures that the team has no more than 24 seconds of possession of the ball before the shot and signals if this rule is violated.
The team in possession of the ball must advance it to the opponent's half within 8 seconds. After that, the ball cannot be returned to its backcourt. This will be a mistake.
Each team has its own captain. If the captain leaves the pitch, he must notify the officials which of the players will perform his duties,
The tactics of the team's game is usually controlled by the coach, who decides which of the basketball players will start the game, who should be replaced and when. The number of substitutions in a match is not limited. Replacement allowed only when the ball is dead (out of play) and time is stopped, and if this happened after a foul, then only if the substitute team is in possession of the ball. Because after a field goal is not signaled and time does not stop
Substitution is not permitted in this case.
In addition to substitution, the coach may ask minute break (time-out). He is allowed to take two minute breaks in each half of the game and one in each extra period. A time-out may only be granted when the ball is dead and the playing time has stopped. Two points are awarded for a successful shot for a field goal. The one with the most points wins. A team is defeated if it refuses to continue the game or if there are less than two players left in its composition.
thrown ball
For a ball scored:
- from a free throw, one point is counted;
- from the zone of two-point shots, - two points;
- from the zone of three-point shots, - three points.
The emergence of basketball is associated with the name of the American college teacher James Naismith, who in 1891 offered his students a sports game that boils down to throwing as many balls as possible into the opponent's basket. The game quickly spread to schools and colleges in the United States, and as early as 1898 the first attempt was made to create a professional league of basketball players. In 1932, the International Basketball Federation was created, at the same time the first international rules basketball games. And since 1936, this sports team game has been included in the program of the Summer Olympic Games.
General rules of basketball
The game of basketball is played between two teams of five field players each; in total, each team has 12 people, and substitutions are unlimited. The goal of the athletes is to score as many balls as possible in the opponent's basket and prevent the opposing team from taking possession of the ball. Basketball is played with the hands, the ball can be passed, thrown, hit, rolled or dribbled in any direction. Intentionally using any part of the feet to hit or block the ball is a foul.
The match consists of four quarters of 10 minutes each. After the first and third quarters, breaks of two minutes are made, the duration of the break between the second and third quarters of the game is fifteen minutes, after which the teams change sides of the field. In the National Basketball Association, a quarter is 12 minutes long.
If the playing time ends with a draw, a five-minute overtime is assigned. Such additional time in case of a tie may be assigned as many times as necessary to determine the winner of the match.
Basketball court, equipment and ball
The basketball court is a flat rectangular surface with minimum dimensions 26 meters long and 14 meters wide. Standard sizes basketball field are 28x15 meters. Along the perimeter, the court is limited by the side and front lines, the center line divides the field in half, connecting the midpoints of the side lines. In the center of the site there is a central circle with a radius of 1.8 meters.
At both ends of the site, parallel to the front lines at a height of 2.9 meters, there are shields with an area of 1.8x1.05 meters with baskets on them. These metal rings, covered with mesh without a bottom, are mounted on shields at a distance of 15 centimeters from the bottom edge. Thus, each ring is located at a height of 3.05 meters above the surface of the site.
Next to each basket on both parts of the field, a three-point line marking is applied - this is a semicircle with a radius of 6.75 meters, the edges of the arc of which are drawn to the intersection with the front lines. A free-throw line 3.6 meters long is also indicated parallel to each end line so that its far edge is located at a distance of 5.8 meters from the inside edge of the end line, and its middle is on an imaginary line connecting the midpoints of both end lines.
Basketball is played with a ball, the size of which depends on which teams are participating in the competition. For men's teams, the standard is the circumference of the ball from 74.9 to 78 centimeters and weight from 567 to 650 grams. For women's teams, a ball of smaller diameter and weight is used (circumference from 72.4 to 73.7 centimeters and weight 510-567 grams).
The start of the basketball game
Instead of the drawing of lots present in other sports games to determine the half of the field and the right of the first strike, in basketball the choice of the basket is carried out by the host team of the match, it is put in the first place in the game schedule. The game begins with the so-called jump ball in the center of the court, as a result of which the ball is tossed by the referee between two players of the opposing teams and beaten off by one of them. In this case, the ball is in play and is called live. Team control of the ball is limited to 24 seconds. This is the time in which the team must carry out an attack that ends with a throw into the basket or a loss of the ball.
The ball goes out of play and becomes dead after it has been thrown into the basket when the referee's whistle or signal for the end of the playing period is blown. In this case, the ball does not become dead and an accurate throw into the basket from the court is counted if the whistle or signal for the end of the playing period sounds while the ball is in flight.
Basketball scoring
For each goal scored, the team can be awarded different amount points. A goal scored from a free throw is worth one point. Two points are counted for a ball thrown during the game from the two-point zone, three points from the three-point zone. A ball accidentally thrown into one's own basket counts as a point for the opposing team. Intentionally throwing a ball into one's own basket is considered a violation and is not counted.
Basketball infractions
Of the most common violations in basketball, one can single out those characteristic of this game. They are usually associated with situations in which a player is in possession of the ball or is shooting. As a rule, such actions result in the passing of the ball to the opponent for a throw-in from the place closest to the place where the infringement was committed.
The most common offenses in basketball are the out, when the ball goes out of bounds, and the run, when the player takes more than one step while the ball is not out of hand. Dribbling offenses include carrying the ball and double dribbling.
There are violations indicated by time. These include the 24-second rule already mentioned above, during which the team must shoot the ring. There is also a three-second rule for a player to be in the zone under the opponent's hoop while his team is in possession of a live ball in the offensive zone. The throw-in must take no more than five seconds, exceeding this time is also considered a violation. As well as the situation in which a heavily guarded player does not start a dribble within five seconds, does not give a pass or does not make a shot at the ring.
Violations of the rules of the game of basketball, caused by contact with an opponent or unsportsmanlike conduct are called fouls, which are charged to athletes during the game. A personal foul is issued due to contact with a player of the opposing team. To avoid a foul, a player must not block an opponent, hold or push him, trip or obstruct him, or use any rough tactics. If a foul is committed against a player who was in the process of throwing, then depending on the distance and the result of this throw, from one to three free throws are assigned. So, if a foul is committed against a player who at that time threw the ball, the player is entitled to one free throw. If the ball is not thrown, and the throw took place in a two-point zone, then two free throws are given. If the unsuccessful shot was made from the three-point zone, then the right to three free throws is given.
In a situation where two players commit an offense against each other, a mutual foul is counted. In this case, no free throws are awarded and the game is restarted with a throw-in from the end line (after a successful throw), a throw-in from behind the boundary line or a dropped ball.
For disrespectful attitude towards referees, opponents or spectators, a player may be charged with a technical foul. In this case, the opponents are given the right to one free kick followed by possession of the ball in the center of the court. Two technical fouls are punishable by disqualification and expulsion. Also, a player is sent off for five personal and / or technical fouls (in the NBA this number is six).
Also in the rules of the game of basketball there is the concept of an unsportsmanlike foul. Usually, such an offense is the act of a player who did not legally attempt to directly play the ball. This may be a delay or hit by an opponent, rough contact on the field, etc. If such a foul is committed against a player who is not in the process of shooting, two free kicks are awarded. In all other cases, the same rules apply for a regular foul, with the difference that the player who repeatedly committed an unsportsmanlike foul shall be disqualified.
Among other things, there is a disqualifying foul, which is expressed in any egregious unsportsmanlike conduct of a player on the court or a substitute, a coach or his assistant, as well as any person accompanying the team. In this case, the penalized person is removed from the field or the bench for the duration of the entire match, and the team is awarded free throws according to the rules for determining an unsportsmanlike foul.
Some difference between the basic rules of the game of basketball and the rules of the National Basketball Association is associated with the special popularity of basketball in the country that gave us this sports team game.
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Basic rules of basketball
So, you play basketball on the court, but you do not know the rules of this game well enough. What are the rules for anyway? At least in order to play it was more interesting. After all, it is much more interesting to play the game for real than just to compete who and how many balls will throw into the ring.
Knowing the rules of the game of basketball will also help you watch the competitions of this sport on TV with great interest, because knowing the rules, you will understand everything that happens on the basketball court, and also understand why the player acted this way and not otherwise.
It is clear that, like any other Olympic sport, basketball contains many rules, but not all of them will be useful to you in practice, so here we present short list the main ones that you can easily apply on the site.
Line-up
The composition of the team is necessarily regulated by the rules, in basketball there are two teams, each must have 12 people. At the same time, only 5 people from both teams can find on the playing field.
Purpose of the game
Throw as many balls as possible into the ring. But not everything is so simple, because for throwing the ball from different distances, a different number of points is awarded. So, for a throw from the penalty line - 1 point, with close range- 2 points, but if you can hit from a distance of 6 meters and 75 centimeters, then your team will count as many as 3 points.
What is forbidden to do while playing basketball?
Basketball is played only with the hands, so you cannot purposefully hit the ball with your feet or fists, however, accidentally touching the ball with your foot or foot will not be considered a violation of the rules. In addition, the ball must be driven across the field, hitting the floor, it is forbidden to run with the ball in your hands without hitting it.
Game time
How long is one basketball game? As a rule, 10 minutes, there should be four such periods. After two of them, that is, half of the game, the teams must change sides of the playing field. By the way, in the NBA, the duration of the period is slightly more than 12.5 minutes.
Who will win?
The winner in basketball is the team that scores the most a large number of points. If suddenly the teams go toe to toe and have an equal score by the end of the game, then the referee can appoint a five-minute overtime, during which the winner must be determined. If this does not happen, then another one is appointed, and another .... So until it is clear who won.
