Fundamental greenhouse. Description of the types of greenhouses made of polycarbonate. Types of structures. Galvanized greenhouse "reinforced standard" arch type

Greenhouses today can be represented not only by a variety of shapes, but also by sizes and, accordingly, designs. Thanks to this, they are able to satisfy the wishes of most gardeners. It is usually difficult for a novice gardener to navigate the design of greenhouses offered on the garden equipment market. Therefore, when choosing a greenhouse, first of all, you need to take into account its purpose in the garden and the amount that is allocated for its acquisition or construction. In addition, before purchasing this product, it is necessary to seriously and qualitatively approach the process of measuring the area reserved for planting a particular fruit crop. When this calculation is made, it should be taken into account that the cultivated plants are the products planted in the greenhouse in terms of length and width.

For the calculation, it is also necessary to take into account how much space the door and equipment will occupy, for example, for a container with water for irrigation or heating a greenhouse. In some cases, the height of the scallop and cornices of the greenhouse are also subject to the calculation of the usable area. This must be determined in order to grow tall crops such as tomatoes, shrubs, vines in a greenhouse to provide access to them. The larger the size of the greenhouse, the cheaper the useful area of ​​the block.

Novice gardeners often buy greenhouses that, over time, cannot perform their functions to the fullest. Therefore, if maintenance is limited by financial possibilities, it is better to take a greenhouse that provides an additional power connection.

Most often, large greenhouses are installed separately from the house, but you can attach it to one of the walls of the house or any other structure on the site. The shape of the roof can be flat, single or gable.

The minimum dimensions of greenhouses are represented by the following indicators. To facilitate access to the greenhouse, its height can be approximately 165 cm, while the ridge is arranged at a height of 240 cm from the ground. For the door, an opening is left 180 cm high and 60 cm wide. If it is planned to drive into the greenhouse with a wheelbarrow, then the door can be expanded to 1 m. It will be possible to enter it in a wheelchair.

The main types of greenhouses

Currently, the following 2 greenhouse structures remain the most common and popular among most summer residents: arched and tented. They differ from each other by roofs. Tent greenhouses are assembled from separate blocks, their height, as a rule, reaches 200-250 cm, width - no more than 300 cm. The length of this design is completely determined by the number of those same blocks. These sizes are considered the most convenient for most gardeners.

Arched structures look like a kind of tunnel with transparent walls. They are formed from parallel arcs that are interconnected. They should be installed along the entire length of the structure and closed at the ends with flat walls.

Greenhouse prefabricated blocks usually have a length of no more than 200 cm, and an average height of 120 cm. Thanks to this, the installation process of such greenhouses is greatly facilitated, but at the same time, you can quickly increase this structure in length with your own hands at any time.

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Polycarbonate greenhouses

Today, much more often than others, it is used in such material as polycarbonate. This process is much easier, and the material is stronger than glass. The resulting bend increases the resistance of the building to damage. Accordingly, this material is especially useful in construction.

If we consider the design of the greenhouse in terms of the convenience of working in it, then, of course, arched greenhouses will win.

These structures on the site look more attractive and have more space inside, so the air volume in them is also greater.

And this plays an important role in the process of growing various fruit crops.

Therefore, if you are going to devote a lot of time to working in a greenhouse, it is better to choose an arch. In addition, the flexibility of polycarbonate makes it possible to cover the entire frame of the greenhouse and not remove the cover even for the winter period. you will spend on only a small amount of time during one season, and all the rest of the years it will stand in its original form, you do not have to worry about the fact that you will not have time to prepare everything properly for the summer season.

At the same time, polycarbonate sheets can be detached from the frame at any time in order to provide plants with intensive air access when necessary, for example, if it is necessary to dry the ground, and then you can quickly and easily attach this sheet back.

On the other hand, tent greenhouses also have their advantages. Their long walls can be tilted inward at an angle of 10-15 degrees, which can greatly improve the storage of solar energy in winter. If the street is hot and very hot, then it will be necessary to provide good, without creating drafts.

This can only be done with the help of ventilation holes, which are located in the tent greenhouses under the dome, where all the hot air accumulates. Therefore, a tent greenhouse design with vents is a more suitable configuration. While in arched greenhouses, the holes are located at the ends, so they are not able to effectively remove all the hot air from the top of the greenhouse. Some do not make ventilation holes, but simply open the door. But greenhouse plants suffer greatly from this.

Thus, it is impossible to give an exact answer to the question of which greenhouse designs are suitable for growing plants.

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Rounded and polygonal greenhouses

Before building greenhouses, it makes sense to determine the types of plants that are planned to be grown in them, and the frequency of their growth. Depending on this, 2 more types of greenhouses can be distinguished, which may be suitable for growing plants seasonally or permanently (throughout the year). These types include rounded and polygonal greenhouses. A number of modern greenhouse designs are characterized by curved glazed panels. Round shapes are attractive and can decorate any suburban area. And it is precisely such structures that allow even very tall plants to be grown in the central aisle, while undersized forms can be planted on the sides.

This is a great option for combining several types of fruit crops. There are also small-sized varieties of these structures. Sometimes they are made of welded structures, which are covered with various materials - film, glass and the same polycarbonate. The greenhouse can be completely covered with insulation, and its individual elements - walls or ceilings - can also be subjected to this procedure, while the rest of the parts are sheathed with boards, iron or brickwork.

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Placement of racks inside a metal or wooden greenhouse

Each type of greenhouse, as already mentioned, has its own advantages. and the choice of them depends entirely on how much the positives outweigh the negatives. So, if the plants are grown above ground, then they need more light, so they need fully glazed greenhouses. If most of the crops are intended for growing fruits underground, then it is necessary to install racks in the greenhouse, so the lower part of the walls of the greenhouse can be solid. It can be made of bricks, poured with concrete or assembled from iron. Good thermal insulation properties have walls, half made of wooden materials or asbestos, half of brick. Additional protection from the cold without a noticeable decrease in the intensity of lighting is provided by installing a greenhouse on the south side, and planting heat-loving plants in it closer to the north wall. Some greenhouse projects involve removable wooden insulation boards. They are installed in winter to protect against glass or film walls from damage. There are a number of factors to consider when choosing a greenhouse. Among them, the following stand out:

• free access to plants;
• greenhouse durability and performance.

Do not forget about the influence of climatic features on the choice of a greenhouse. So, for example, in areas with strong winds, the quality of growing greenhouse plants under the film is significantly reduced. Ease of access to vegetables is provided by a certain structure and design of the door and the height of the greenhouse in its different parts. The transparency of the coating is important not only in the cool seasons, but also in summer. It should be borne in mind that sometimes the amount of light passing through a particular material is much greater than what plants need. Therefore, you need to learn to avoid extremes when choosing film and glass.

Every novice gardener has to face the question of how to make a greenhouse on his own plot. This design allows you to easily start growing natural, fresh vegetables and herbs in early spring, even at negative night temperatures. In addition, the greenhouse is able to protect delicate plants from strong precipitation, wind and direct sunlight.

If you choose the right building material and the optimal design, you can get an indispensable garden assistant.

Greenhouse, greenhouse and their differences

In natural usage, greenhouse and greenhouse are often used interchangeably. However, this is not entirely true. The greenhouse is a large-sized building equipped with the main communications, namely heating, an artificial irrigation system, and ultraviolet lighting.

The design of the greenhouse allows you to grow various crops throughout the year. Many greenhouses are built on a foundation, and the height of the structure allows a person to calmly carry out work to his full height.

If you take a look at the photo of the greenhouse and the greenhouse, it will immediately become clear that the first one does not have any communications, its size is small. The main purpose of the greenhouse is to protect plants from aggressive natural conditions in early spring and cold autumn.

Structural features and assembly type make it possible to divide all greenhouses into several classes: portable, permanent (possibly installed on a foundation).

When it comes to choosing between a greenhouse and a greenhouse, it should be borne in mind that installing a greenhouse is considered a costly affair, in which professional farmers invest more effort and money than amateur gardeners.

If you organize a standard-sized greenhouse on the garden plot, then it will be quite enough to provide the average family with a harvest. A greenhouse can be a good alternative to a greenhouse design.

It will not be difficult to prepare seedlings in winter in cups on the windowsill, and in the spring to plant them in a greenhouse. An early harvest will please any family.

Types of greenhouses

Not only the design, shape and material used for shelter allow us to talk about the varieties of greenhouses. Their location and main purpose also allow us to distinguish several types.

Seedling greenhouses have a small height, due to which they are able to retain heat well during frosts. In such greenhouses, you can grow seedlings immediately, without going through the stage of using cups where seeds are planted.

In addition, in a greenhouse, plants receive a kind of hardening, subsequently having greater endurance than at home. A seedling greenhouse can accept and grow any kind of vegetables, herbs and even flowers. It is a good greenhouse for giving.

Home greenhouses are built on balconies or window sills and do an excellent job of growing a full-fledged crop. True, it is necessary to select such varieties of vegetables and herbs that are adapted to growing indoors (cherry tomatoes, cucumbers, onions, etc.). Having thought over the multi-tiered design, you can save a lot of space.

Mobile greenhouses have an advantage over stationary ones, since they can be moved around the site as needed (for example, to free up space, or expose the structure to the sun's rays). At the end of the season, the greenhouse is easily removed from the territory, saving space.

Small greenhouses make it possible to work with a small amount of seedlings. The design can be disassembled, thereby changing the size of the beds.

Care

All parts of the dismantled structures at the end of the season must be cleaned of dirt and dust. To do this, you can use a solution of potassium permanganate or mustard. After that, they are thoroughly dried and cleaned in a dry, weather-protected room.

In the case of fixed structures (with a foundation, glass or polycarbonate), seasonal maintenance should be carried out more thoroughly.

To exclude the reproduction of pests, the walls of the greenhouse are treated with a solution of potassium permanganate, the old soil is removed by 10-15 cm, after which a new one is added, and ash, sand, humus, and sometimes wood are added to it. Then it is carefully dug up and processed with a sulfur checker.

A greenhouse ready for the new season is left open until frost sets in or until the first snowfall. In winter, it is advisable to close the greenhouse tightly to protect it from snow and gusts of wind.

It will be useful to leave some snow in the greenhouse. In the spring, melt water can have a beneficial effect on soil quality. With heavy snowfalls, the greenhouse should be cleaned with a shovel or a broom; in case of moderate precipitation, it can be left alone.

Greenhouse material

Unlike a greenhouse, greenhouses are easy to manufacture. To independently mount a greenhouse, you will need ingenuity, certain building skills, and financial costs. But you can even make a greenhouse with your own hands, if you use improvised and, accordingly, inexpensive materials.

Most greenhouses are covered with polyethylene film (sometimes reinforced). The material is easy to find in any hardware store, its price is low. Non-woven lutrasil or spunbond is also suitable.

Due to the high cost, cellular polycarbonate and glass are not often used. If you make a greenhouse from window frames, then the issue with covering material is already resolved, provided that the glass is intact.

The basis of the greenhouse is a frame, which can have a different shape: in the form of an arc, a triangle, like a miniature greenhouse. The material for the frame can be polypropylene pipes, metal or fiberglass fittings, glued wooden bars, window frames and balcony doors.

Having competently organized the arrangement of the greenhouse on the site, you will no longer need to spend your energy on transplanting plants after the next frost.

It will not be difficult to get a fresh harvest for many years before everyone else, if the design turns out to be of high quality and reliable.

Greenhouse photo

On the modern market there is a wide variety of structures of closed ground. Thanks to this, each owner of a personal plot will be able to build a greenhouse with their own hands for growing vegetables, herbs, flowers or even mushrooms.

To choose the right greenhouse design, you need to know what features each species has and what criteria it must meet. You will find all the necessary information about the types and forms of such buildings in this article.

All main types of greenhouses and their designs

There are a large number of greenhouses of different types and shapes. To make the right choice, you must first decide for what purpose you need the room, whether you are going to use it in the winter, what sizes will be optimal for you personally, and, finally, how automated it will be.

The author of the video talks about several types of buildings that you can build with your own hands on the site.

Shed

Ideal for areas with a small area, therefore they are rightfully included in the list of premises with high efficiency (Figure 1). Working in a building with a shed roof is quite comfortable.

Figure 1. Types of shed buildings

It can be attached to any side of the house, although it is still preferable that the roof slope is directed to the south. Among the minuses are the difficulties in covering the roof with a film: this should be done only in dry calm weather, otherwise you will not be able to pull it properly, and soon it will sag. It is easier to cover a pitched roof with glass or plastic.

gable

These are the “houses” familiar to us, which can be easily built with our own hands. This building has a number of advantages. Firstly, it will not break under the weight of snow in winter. Secondly, the shape of the roof allows a wider choice of material for covering it - from glass to plastic bottles. Thirdly, there is the possibility of additional styling (Figure 2).

Figure 2. Photo and drawing of a gable greenhouse

However, the dual-slope design has its drawbacks. Since it is assembled with a large amount of fasteners, you will have to regularly check the frame for leaks and the integrity of the anti-corrosion coating. It will not be possible to extend or expand such a room if necessary. In addition, it should be noted that due to the massiveness of the roof, you must take care of a reliable foundation.

Arched

Since arched buildings have a smaller reflective surface, more sunlight gets inside them than, for example, gable buildings (Figure 3). In addition, the design features allow crops to grow to greater heights than conventional buildings. However, caring for plants growing near the walls is much more complicated.

Note: The arched type is not suitable for growing seedlings for open ground, since the construction of the structure does not make it possible to harden the plants. It is easy to assemble, dismantle and transport. If necessary, you can easily add new sections to lengthen it.

Figure 3. Types of arched premises

However, during the winter period, deflections and breakdowns of the roof often occur, since snow does not have the opportunity to freely roll off its surface. In areas with strong winds, there is a risk of demolition of the building due to insufficient strength of the frame to the foundation.

teardrop-shaped

Among the types stand out drip structures. They have an original shape, and the buildings themselves have many advantages (Figure 4).

Figure 4. Appearance of the teardrop building

So, thanks to the pointed roof, snow does not accumulate on it, which increases reliability to the maximum. For the same reason, the soil warms up more efficiently in spring.

Drop-shaped buildings are ideal for central Russia and the northern regions of the country, characterized by snowy winters. After all, the roof can withstand up to 70 kg of snow per 1 sq.m. In addition, sunlight can easily penetrate into any corner of this structure. The only drawback of the drop-shaped design is the difficulty in its construction.

Polygonal

It is quite rare to find buildings with a polygonal design (Figure 5). Although they are quite practical, since each of the faces is illuminated by the sun at different times of the day, however, maintaining a stable temperature inside it is quite problematic.

Figure 5. Features of polygonal greenhouses

In addition, they are among the most expensive, because they are made of wood (metal) in combination with glass (polycarbonate).

The Dutch type of room allows plants to receive the maximum amount of sunlight, because it is covered with special glass of a homogeneous structure (Figure 6). This design will not allow excess moisture to get inside during precipitation, as it is equipped with a special aluminum gutter that collects and drains rainwater. As you know, the droplet effect is extremely undesirable for plants, especially for flowers. In addition, the design of the gutter provides seals for glass and a drain for condensate. The entire drainage system is mounted on the roof ridge, which makes it resistant to strong winds.

Figure 6. External features of the Dutch greenhouse

Single glazing is complemented by a vertical screening system, which is a special screen with a trigger mechanism. Screens of this type are located around the perimeter. They allow you to adjust the level of penetration of sunlight inside. In addition, they are assigned the role of additional heaters.

Heating is arranged in such a way that the temperature in different parts of the room differs very slightly. The building can be connected to stationary sources of heating, such as a boiler room. The irrigation system is fully automated, which allows you to maintain a constant microclimate inside.

The difference between greenhouses and greenhouses

Many summer residents are wondering: what is the difference between greenhouses and greenhouses? Indeed, these structures are very similar to each other, but they have a number of distinctive features (Figure 7).

Figure 7. External differences between greenhouses (left) and greenhouses (right)

So, greenhouses include low structures (no more than 1.3 m), in which artificial heating is never used. They are heated by the sun's rays and due to the energy that is released during the decomposition of manure or humus, laid in the base of the greenhouse. Greenhouses do not have doors, therefore, in order to care for plants, it is enough to remove (open) its upper (side) part.

Note: Most often, greenhouses are used for growing seedlings; they are not suitable for adult plants. It is in the greenhouse that seedlings can wait out the spring cold before planting in open ground.

Unlike a greenhouse, a greenhouse is a structure of closed ground. Its height at home is most often up to 2.5 m. Heating, as a rule, occurs naturally, that is, from sunlight, although artificial light can also be used. In a heated room, you can grow seedlings all year round. At the same time, air and soil should be heated separately, in contrast to a greenhouse, where heated soil contributes to heating the air under the film.

Greenhouses by type of destination

Depending on the purpose, greenhouses are: vegetable, seedling, flower. Let's take a closer look at their features.

Vegetable

Buildings in which various types of vegetables are grown all year round are called vegetable buildings. Their products are more environmentally friendly than those from open ground. This is due to the fact that vegetables are protected not only from adverse weather conditions, but also from various contaminants, both natural and chemical.

Figure 8. What the vegetable building looks like inside

When growing vegetables indoors, it is important to correctly combine different crops. Therefore, if you have only one building at your disposal, you will have to stop at growing only a few crops. The most profitable is the cultivation of the following vegetables: tomatoes and sweet peppers, cucumbers, Chinese cabbage, radishes.

When arranging a building for growing vegetables, some organizational conditions should be taken into account(picture 8):

• The floor material must be reliable, and the design well thought out;
• Be sure to have vents for ventilation;
• Ability to shade some types of plants;
• Sophisticated irrigation system, separately for each crop;
• Creation of an optimal microclimate;
• Heating the premises all year round (for central Russia).

seedlings

To obtain seedlings, special seedling greenhouses are used (Figure 9). They must be equipped with special equipment for the regulation of air and soil temperature. They must comply with phytosanitary conditions, as well as carry out preventive, thermal and chemical treatments of the soil and building surfaces to prevent the introduction of infections.

Figure 9. Features of the seedling design

As a rule, the cultivation of seedlings is carried out in soil buildings, or in structures with sliding racks. It is strictly forbidden to grow forcing green crops in them, since various pests and diseases are introduced from the open ground along with them. It is better to use such a building after sampling seedlings for growing green crops by sowing seeds of lettuce, radish, dill, celery.

Floral

Some flowers are very sensitive to even the slightest fluctuations in temperature and humidity of the environment, so growing them in open ground is extremely difficult. For such purposes, a flower greenhouse is being built (Figure 10).

Figure 10. Arrangement of a flower greenhouse inside

You can build it yourself or buy ready-made. It is only important to choose the right model. Modern models come in a wide variety of designs: arched and wall-mounted, hipped and gable. To date, the most reliable facilities for growing flowers are called:

• Greenhouses covered with polyethylene;
• Heated film buildings;
• Modern polycarbonate models;
• Greenhouses.

Film tunnels are used for slow-growing and low-temperature sensitive flowers. In them, it is much easier and faster to adjust the ventilation and lighting. Under the film, Mediterranean bulbous plants will feel at home in dry, hot summers and mild winters.

Polycarbonate greenhouses are more comfortable and last longer, and flower greenhouses make it possible to cultivate plants without separate heating, as they keep the temperature well. It will be better if the greenhouse is a shed structure adjacent to the house on the south side. As a rule, greenhouses are heated using water or steam systems, as well as various electrical appliances.

When planning the construction of a building for growing flowers, a number of factors should be taken into account:

1. To achieve unhindered penetration of the sun's rays inside, it is necessary that the building is located in a southerly direction.
2. To protect the building from the wind, it is better to place it near buildings, fences and other objects that do not shade, but protect it.
3. Lowlands are not the best place to build.
4. Advantageous is the location of the structure near the water and power supply lines.
5. The construction of the building should be carried out in the summer to exclude the possibility of deformation from shrinkage.

A well-thought-out lighting system contributes to accelerated flowering and energy savings.

Greenhouses by type of operation

Depending on the time and method of operation, greenhouses are divided into winter and summer. Consider their distinctive features, which determine the entire process of construction and internal arrangement.

Winter

Winter structures are tempting because they make it possible to grow not only vegetables, flowers and some types of mushrooms familiar to us all year round, but also exotic types of fruits. Capital (winter) buildings must be built on the foundation (Figure 11).

All winter buildings of this type are heated: solar energy, technical means, biofuels. They can be both deepened into the ground and built on its surface. Their design is diverse: from shed to arched.

Figure 11. Construction of a winter greenhouse

Winter buildings can be built both from wood and brick, on a metal or PVC frame. They are glazed or covered with polycarbonate, less often - with a film. However, most often there are combined designs.

And yet, for any kind of winter buildings, it is extremely important to choose the right place for their location. It must meet the following requirements:

• To ensure maximum penetration of sunlight, it is necessary that the building be oriented along the length in the direction from west to east.
• Well-designed wind protection, especially in areas with frequent gusty cold winds, will significantly save heating costs. If there is no protected place on the site, it is necessary to build a fence in the form of a fence or hedge about 2 m high. In this case, the distance from the room to the fence should be equal to at least 3 times the height of the building.
• Free and convenient access to the building will greatly facilitate its operation.

From the video you will learn more information about the features of winter greenhouses.

Summer

Summer greenhouses are operated in the warm season, that is, from spring to autumn. As a rule, they are used for growing seedlings or crops that require special care conditions.

They are heated in a natural way: from sunlight. Sometimes, with a sharp cold snap, artificial heating can be used in them. In addition, they often use the so-called biofuel: compost, manure, humus.

Figure 12. External characteristics of the summer greenhouse

Most often they are covered with a film, which makes them more economical than winter ones (Figure 12).

Drawings for greenhouses and greenhouses

Self-construction of such a building is not an easy task. It is important here not only to have construction skills, but also to have a competent project for the future structure. Below are drawings of buildings, the designs of which have been verified by many years of experience in growing plants (Figure 13).

Figure 13. Drawings of popular types of greenhouses

It is also important to choose the right type of polycarbonate for the coating and materials for the construction of the frame, since the life of the building will depend on their strength.

Types of polycarbonate greenhouses and their designs

Polycarbonate is a material that combines the advantages of glass and film. It far exceeds them in strength, conducts light well and retains heat, and also traps harmful sun rays. Due to its flexibility, it can be used in the manufacture of coatings for structures of any shape. Cellular polycarbonate is used to cover structures of closed ground (Figure 14).

There are different types of polycarbonate buildings depending on their design. The most common arched structures. They are easy to assemble, affordable, require a minimum amount of time to install.

Tent will be in demand for growing a wide range of vegetables. For a gable tent construction, durable materials will be needed, and there will be much more of them than in the construction of an arched one.

Figure 14. Popular types of polycarbonate structures

A shed hipped model is much cheaper, since it is not an independent structure, but is adjacent to one of the walls of the building.

Greenhouses according to Mitlider are very interesting. They are slightly higher on the north side than on the south, and their northern slope is steeper. Therefore, the sides do not join at the level of the ridge, but create a kind of step, on the line of which there is a unique ventilation system.

Polycarbonate is ideal for covering polygonal structures as it can be molded into any desired shape. Polycarbonate polygonal buildings are stable and attractive. Their usable area is much larger than conventional ones, and the coating protects plants from overheating in the hot season.

Every gardener knows what a greenhouse is and why it is needed. But there are many types of these indispensable helpers in growing crops. Therefore, when choosing a greenhouse, questions inevitably arise about which one is more reliable and convenient.

Manufacturers offer different options for these designs, which differ in shape, material of manufacture, degree of light transmission. There are many nuances to consider when choosing. Knowing these subtleties will help you find the greenhouse that will serve flawlessly for many years.

Greenhouse selection criteria

Any greenhouse is a simple structure, which consists of two main elements - a frame and an awning. In most cases, they are sold separately, but there are options for ready-made designs in which the manufacturer provides literally every little thing.

In any case, the choice of a greenhouse is carried out according to two main parameters:

First of all, you need to decide on the shape of the greenhouse. The market offers many models from domestic and foreign manufacturers.

There are the following types of structures:

• with vertical walls;
• with sloping walls;
• arched;
• lean-to;
• gable;
• with a mansard roof.

The choice is wide. You can find exactly the option that suits in all respects. One of the most important selection criteria is the convenience of the greenhouse. And here the summer resident is offered a lot of opportunities to minimize labor costs for growing crops. "Smart" greenhouse will perform most of the tasks of ventilation, watering, heating. You can choose a model with the set of functions that is necessary for a particular climate and site.

Prices for covering material

Types of coating for greenhouses

There are only three types of coating for greenhouses. All of them are able to qualitatively perform the main task - to protect plants from the harmful effects of the environment.

Coatings are made from:

• polycarbonate;
• glass;
• polyethylene film.

What is good polycarbonate

The most reliable material for greenhouses is polycarbonate. This is a light-transmitting multilayer material, the structure of which in the section resembles a honeycomb, which is why it is called honeycomb.

There is another type of this material - monolithic. But it is not used in the construction of greenhouses for the reason that it does not meet all the requirements for these structures.

Important! Monolithic has a much greater weight and does not have the light transmission capacity that is so necessary for growing crops. Therefore, it is never considered as a covering material for the greenhouse frame.

Cellular polycarbonate, due to its hollow structure, is able to retain heat well. The reason is that there is air in the space between the "honeycombs". It is he who is the best heat accumulator. Therefore, polycarbonate structures are the “warmest”. For gardeners living in regions with a harsh climate, this is a decisive factor when choosing a greenhouse.

Cellular polycarbonate is a sheet material, but it can be rolled into rolls, which are most convenient for transportation. The roll diameter depends on the thickness of the polycarbonate sheet. The thinner it is, the easier it is to roll. However, even with a 4 mm thick web, the roll will be quite voluminous - with a diameter of 1.5 to 1.6 m. If the permissible bending radius is exceeded, the structure of the material can be damaged.

To cover the frames of greenhouses, polycarbonate with a thickness of 4 to 10 mm is suitable. It should be noted that the thicker the canvas, the greater their weight. Not every frame is able to withstand the load that a 10 mm polycarbonate coating will create. Given that in winter it is necessary to add snow load to this indicator, the requirements for the strength and stability of the frame increase many times over. The optimal choice for medium-sized greenhouses is 4- or 6-mm polycarbonate.

Table. The main technical characteristics of cellular polycarbonate, which must be considered when choosing.

Fabric thicknessWeight (kg/m2)Light transmission of white transparent fabric (%)Light transmission of white matt fabric (%)Light transmission of colored fabric (%)Thermal conductivity (W/m2 °C)4 mm0.88252423.66 mm1.38258353.58 mm1 .58054353.310 mm1.77648322.4

The average service life of polycarbonate greenhouses is 15 years. These are the most durable and reliable designs of all existing ones.

Polycarbonate prices

Advantages and disadvantages of glass greenhouses

Glass is an inflexible material, therefore it is only suitable for single-slope and dual-slope structures. The glass greenhouse is a classic of the genre. You can easily assemble it yourself from used materials. Therefore, the main advantage of these structures is budget.

But glass has other advantages that gardeners have long appreciated. Greenhouses with such a coating are able to withstand significant weight loads. A cracked or broken part can be quickly replaced. The main advantage of glass is its transparency. Plants in such a greenhouse will not suffer from a lack of light.

Important! There are glass greenhouses and "cons". This is fragility, the need for careful handling, rather high requirements for the strength of the frame.

What is convenient polyethylene awning

The most popular material for covering greenhouses is polyethylene. If earlier the choice was unambiguous (dense polyethylene), today you can choose from several types of this material.

In any store for gardeners you can find such films:

• light stabilized;
• reinforced;
• light scattering;
• copolymer ethylene vinyl citate;
• polyvinyl chloride (cellophane);
• foamed.

Each of these materials can be used to build a greenhouse and a greenhouse. But when choosing, you need to pay attention to the characteristics. For regions with snowy winters, the best choice is reinforced film.

The Russian market offers products from Turkish, Korean and domestic manufacturers. How are these materials different? Foreign companies produce films with polyethylene reinforcement, and Russian companies produce films made of high-strength polypropylene mesh. Therefore, domestic products are stronger and more durable.

Cellophane film has the highest light transmission. But this material has the least strength of all the others, therefore it is only suitable for temporary or one-year structures.

The stabilized film is able to reflect heat into the greenhouse or greenhouse. This property is taken into account when constructing shelters for seedlings. Antifog, which is part of the film, prevents the formation of condensation on the outer surface of the tent.

Light-diffusing film is capable of reflecting UV and IR rays. This ensures the maximum possible protection of plants from the negative effects of the environment. The phosphors included in the film make it possible to obtain uniform illumination of the internal space of the greenhouse.

The most durable of the films is copolymer. It flawlessly withstands winds of 18-20 m/s. Another advantage is frost resistance. The copolymer film does not crack at temperatures up to -80 ° C, so this material is chosen for the construction of greenhouses in areas with a cold and windy climate.

The foamed film is two-layer. One layer is dense and smooth, the second is porous. The space in the cells of the second layer is filled with air. Therefore, the foamed film has a rather low thermal conductivity. This is an important indicator for greenhouses. But this material also has its drawback: low light transmission. Therefore, foam film is chosen for sheltering in areas with a large number of sunny days.

Prices for PVC film for greenhouses

Greenhouse frames

Frames for greenhouses are made of steel and aluminum. When constructing home-made structures, wooden blocks are often used. What should you pay attention to when choosing the material from which the frame is made?

1. For the presence of a protective coating on steel frames. If it is absent, already in the second year of operation of the greenhouse, the first signs of rust can be noticed. This design will not last long. Frames of this type are made mainly of galvanized steel.

Many manufacturers offer greenhouses with frames painted with powder paints. This is a good solution to ensure the durability of the structure. Regardless of how the metal is processed, aluminum frames are almost twice as expensive as steel frames. This is due to the lighter weight of the former and their maximum resistance to corrosion.

However, aluminum frames have one significant drawback. Frames made of this material are unable to withstand significant weight loads from the severity of certain types of coatings, as well as from snow. Therefore, in the spring you can often see greenhouses that have overwintered on the site, the racks of which are curved. This suggests that the owner did not take into account the climatic features of his region when choosing a design.

Types of frame structures

There are two main types of greenhouse frame structures:

The former are optimal for those who are often in the country, regardless of the season. Collapsible structures are chosen by those gardeners who visit their site only during the warm season. In this case, it makes sense to buy exactly those greenhouses that can be dismantled and stored before the start of the next season. Thus, you will not be afraid for the safety of your property.

Prices and quality

The most affordable are small greenhouses (up to 5 m 2) with a polyethylene awning and a frame made of steel painted with powder dye - 8-10 thousand rubles. The same structures, but with a polycarbonate coating, will cost about 50% more - up to 15 thousand rubles. The most expensive are glass greenhouses. These structures are mounted only on the basis of reliable steel frames. A glass greenhouse with an area of ​​​​up to 5 m 2 will cost a little more than 20 thousand rubles.

The price depends on various parameters - in particular, on:

• the presence or absence of windows to ventilate the interior of the greenhouse;
• number of doors
• thickness and type of coating;
• frame material;
• construction forms.

Polycarbonate greenhouses are considered the most practical and high-quality. They are almost 200 times stronger and more reliable than glass ones. The smallest number of positive reviews about polyethylene greenhouses. They serve, as a rule, no more than 1-2 summer seasons.

Greenhouse forms

Greenhouses can be absolutely any shape, length and configuration. The frames of stationary structures are made as follows: steel profiles are welded together and the corners and joints are reinforced. All greenhouse manufacturers offer the service of manufacturing these products according to the dimensions and sketches of the customer. Therefore, it is not difficult to obtain a design of exactly the shape and size that is needed.

Arch type greenhouses

The arched form is the most successful for several reasons.

1. It does not form a high layer of snow. This ensures the safety of the covering material.
2. The arched shape implies a minimum number of seams and joints. This gives the design the greatest reliability in operation.
3. Greenhouses of this form are resistant to winds.
4. Finally, such structures are easy to install and can be easily extended in length.

But in spite of everything, arched structures cannot be called perfect. They also have their drawbacks. The main one is a smaller amount of internal space than rectangular greenhouses. Another disadvantage is that for structures with a height of more than 2 meters, the installation of reinforcing beams is required.

Types of greenhouses, designs, their purpose

Many options for greenhouses have been created for growing vegetables and flowers in closed ground. When choosing a design for your site, the summer resident should know the features of existing models, advantages and disadvantages. Who decided to buy a greenhouse for a summer residence, gardeners planning to build it with their own hands.

Types and designs

When considering and selecting options, it is necessary to take into account a number of conditions:

• land area;
• cultivated crops;
• seasonality (only in summer or growing plants all year round);
• climate and weather of the region.

With permanent residence in the country, the owners can do without automated control. For rare visits (for example, only on weekends), you need to consider opening the windows and transoms.

Shed

They are practical and functional structures, the roof of which is directed in one direction. Attached to the walls of the house, barn, they are economical, easy to use.

The coating is a film, glass, polycarbonate.

gable

Considered a classic option, stingrays form a "house", which is convenient for regions with snowy winters. Advantages:

• simple installation;
• the ability to choose different roof configurations;
• a wide range of coatings: glass, plastic, spandbond, polycarbonate sheets.

Any vegetables are grown in a gable polycarbonate greenhouse, as the air inside is evenly heated and cooled.

Arched

Arched polycarbonate greenhouses are a hit of summer cottages. The structures are practical in use, easy to install, do not require the construction of a foundation.

With insufficient length, it is easy to add a couple of sections. The disadvantage is that due to the low height of the sides of the structure, it will have to carefully plan the placement of plants inside, abandoning some crops.

teardrop-shaped

Drop-shaped greenhouses made of durable cellular polycarbonate look interesting. The "minus" is the complexity of the design, but the advantages outweigh:

• high levels of illumination;
• ease of use (especially in regions with snowy winters);
• suitable for growing tall crops.

Width - from 2.7 to 3.5 meters.

Polygonal

Polygonal structures are a rarity on the plots, as they are used more often for growing plants in pots. The structures have from 6 to 9 vertical faces, they are difficult to install, high cost.

Dutch

• side walls extended to the bottom (ensuring the stability of the structure, maximum lighting for plants);
• special gutters for collecting rainwater;
• frame reinforced with terminals.

The coating is float glass, which is characterized by high light transmission, strength, resistance to adverse weather conditions and mechanical stress.

The "Dutch" are used on an industrial scale; construction on a summer cottage is not economically feasible.

The difference between greenhouses and greenhouses

Greenhouses are small in size, lacking doors and vents. The greenhouses are mobile, it is easy to rearrange them on the site, choosing the best places.

For compact structures do not use artificial lighting, heating systems. Most often, seedlings, undersized crops or varieties of vegetables (standard tomatoes, peppers) are grown in them.

Greenhouses - stationary buildings, high (up to 2.5 meters high), with an entrance, vents, transoms. For year-round cultivation of plants, they are equipped with lighting, heating, drip irrigation systems. Suitable for cultivation of tall crops.

Large-scale buildings are equipped with a foundation, automated window opening systems with pushers. Covering material: glass, film, polycarbonate.

Division by purpose

In summer cottages, the owners install greenhouses for growing heat-loving vegetable crops. They grow:

In the spring, before planting the main crops, green crops and radishes are sown in closed ground to obtain early harvests. But the purpose may be different, in addition to vegetables, seedlings and flowers are grown in them.

Vegetable

On an industrial scale, in protected ground, vegetables are grown all year round. Greenhouses are equipped with heating, artificial lighting lamps, special irrigation systems designed for certain crops.

In dachas, it is advisable to set up separate rooms for tomatoes and cucumbers, since these crops have different requirements for the growing regime.

seedlings

All conditions have been created for obtaining healthy and strong seedlings:

• air humidity maintenance system;
• racks;
• special cassettes;
• irrigation system;
• equipment for regulating the temperature of the nutrient substrate.

Such buildings are subject to special sanitary requirements in order to exclude the occurrence of infections.

Floral

Some ornamental crops require special conditions to grow. The model range of flower greenhouses includes greenhouses, glass and polycarbonate coated structures, tent and arched structures.

On sale are greenhouses for flowers of the arched type, teardrop shape. The choice is determined by the characteristics of the crops that are supposed to be grown, climatic features, and service.

Greenhouses by type of operation

Structures for the cultivation of vegetables in protected ground differ in terms of operation time for winter and summer.

Winter

Greenhouses made of polycarbonate or glass are suitable for operation all year round. Buildings are equipped with special systems:

• heating (water, stove, electric, gas);
• ventilation;
• lighting;
• water supply and heating.

Film winter greenhouses are a rarity, after all, this material is not durable and is not suitable for winter. The building should be located in a well-lit place, closed from the wind, stretching from north to south.

Summer

In a summer greenhouse, the space inside is heated by solar energy. The difference between night and day temperatures due to soil heating is not so critical, so the plants are comfortable.

Coating: glass, film or polycarbonate. For additional heating, warm ridges are arranged inside the greenhouses, laying biofuel.

Types of polycarbonate greenhouses and their designs

There is something to choose from, fortunately, manufacturers offer buildings made of polycarbonate:

• arched;
• round;
• gable;
• lean-to;
• lancet (drop-shaped).

The Volya company offers standard and reinforced structures, tent and arched polycarbonate greenhouses with a frame made of galvanized pipe, models with a sliding roof.

Polygonal structures are in demand, which are distinguished by ease of use, a large usable area, as well as Mitlider greenhouses with a special configuration of roof slopes (not closing in the ridge area).

Greenhouse on credit

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Types of greenhouses: a comparative overview of various types of structures

Many gardeners and gardeners equip greenhouses on their plots. This expands their ability to grow healthy, sustainable products. Vegetables and fruits can be obtained all year round. The main thing is to develop the project correctly, choose good materials, build, order or buy a high-quality finished structure. What types of greenhouses exist? What are the different projects for? We offer a comparison of greenhouses of various designs: the pros and cons, features of installation, operation.

Polycarbonate greenhouses, which are becoming more and more popular and in demand, deserve special attention. The abandonment of glass and film in favor of polycarbonate has allowed for improvements in designs and the development of new projects. They make greenhouses more efficient and plant care more convenient. This became possible due to the unique properties of the new material - lightness, strength, flexibility and good thermal insulation.

Compared to glass, polycarbonate is much lighter and stronger, easier to install. From it you can create stationary and mobile greenhouses of any shape.

One of the most popular designs is a greenhouse in the form of a house. This type was popular for many years, until they were gradually replaced by more economical arched greenhouses. The disadvantage of the design can be considered a large consumption of materials for construction, and the advantages include a large internal volume and ease of care for plants

Types and designs of greenhouses

There are stand-alone greenhouses and those adjacent to buildings. If everything is clear with the first type, then the second implies that one of the walls of a residential building or outbuilding is used as a supporting structure for a greenhouse. Usually such greenhouses are made heated and used in the winter season.

In addition to the usual designs, non-banal economical and efficient greenhouses adjacent to houses are gaining popularity. The idea of ​​arranging a winter vegetation is very interesting. There are several options. One of the most popular is Ivanov's vegetarian. This is a polycarbonate greenhouse built on an inclined surface, in which the wall of the house is used not only as a building structure, but also as a reflective screen for the sun's rays.

The sloping roof of the Ivanov solar plant is designed so that the sun's rays fall on the surface at a right angle and almost do not reflect. Due to this, plants receive 4 times more heat and light. All energy goes to lighting and heating the greenhouse

Vegetarians have already been called greenhouses of a new generation. This design is an invention of an ordinary school physics teacher, but it is better than many others for our climatic conditions. How Ivanov's sunny vegetable garden looks from the inside and outside can be seen in the video. The owner talks about the features of growing plants in such a greenhouse:

Particular attention deserves the design of free-standing greenhouses. Some of these projects can be implemented for buildings adjacent to the house. The main thing is to accurately determine your needs, capabilities and find out how to locate the greenhouse, correctly calculate the area. Most popular designs:

• with vertical walls (they are also called greenhouses-"houses" for their external resemblance to residential buildings);
• in the form of a lancet arch (another name is arched greenhouses);
• with inclined walls (less common than the designs of the first two types);
• with a mansard roof (greenhouses are built in the form of a so-called Dutch hay barn).

There are winter and spring greenhouses. Despite the "speaking" name, "spring" refers to greenhouses that are used from March to November. Winter necessarily require heating. Depending on mobility, stationary and mobile structures are distinguished. Plants are placed in rack and rackless ways. And for their cultivation, soil and soilless (aero-, hydroponic) methods are used.

The photo shows the shape of the frame of the Chinese winter vegetaria of an improved design, adapted for use in our latitudes. The task of the builder is to minimize the consumption of resources for heating the building without harming the plants. The wide side of the vegetaria is oriented to the south. Unlike other buildings of this type, this one was designed without taking into account the laying of pipes in the ground. Heating will be provided by a compact wood-fired boiler.

Winter greenhouses are operated year-round. They are great for growing vegetables for personal and commercial use. The issue of heating can be solved in different ways: boilers, stoves, radiators are installed. Each owner chooses the most affordable and suitable option for himself. Winter greenhouses can be either freestanding or adjacent to other buildings.

Option # 1 - "house" with vertical walls

Of all types of greenhouses, the “house” is still the most common design, despite the emergence of new, more practical modifications. The reason for this popularity is the convenience and versatility of the design. It is a frame in the form of a house, over which there is a gable roof. The walls are built about 1.5 m high from the ground, the roof ridge is placed at a height of 1.8-2.4 m. Thanks to this arrangement of the greenhouse, the owner does not have to bend his head while caring for the plants, and you can arrange plantings on shelves, racks: there is enough space.

The frame of the greenhouse-"house" is either glazed or covered with cellular polycarbonate. Can be covered with foil. A gable roof is a significant advantage, because. snow does not linger on sloping surfaces and slides down. Due to this, no increased load is created on the upper parts of the structure. The advantages of a greenhouse do not always compensate for the disadvantages - high cost, construction complexity and significant heat losses that occur through the north wall. It is recommended to additionally insulate it with panels, but this also leads to an increase in the cost of the arrangement.

The option of a greenhouse with vertical walls is very beneficial for those site owners who can assemble the structure with their own hands. One of the popular ways to reduce the cost of construction is to use old window frames for glazing the frame and install a simple base of timber as a foundation. The use of polyethylene film can hardly be considered a good way to save money, because. the material itself is short-lived and noticeably inferior in strength to glass, especially polycarbonate.

The polycarbonate construction is shipped unassembled. It is assembled and installed already on the site. The buyer can choose the desired number of sections depending on the types of crops he plans to grow. To maintain a comfortable microclimate, the greenhouse is equipped with a window. When installing the structure, you can fix it by digging the foundations included in the kit into the ground, but a brick and even a wooden foundation is much more reliable.

Option #2 - arched structures

A greenhouse in the form of a lancet arch is a complex structure. Its main drawback is that it is extremely difficult to design and assemble with your own hands, unlike the traditional "house". Difficulties arise when bending the metal for the frame, and when it is sheathed. Glass cannot be used because it does not bend, so the available materials are film and polycarbonate.

In most cases, arched greenhouses are purchased ready-made. This is an expensive purchase, but it is fully justified, because the owner gets a more practical form than a “house”.

Building an arched greenhouse on your own is difficult, but possible. The video describes the process of creating an arch with wooden arcs with your own hands:

Arched greenhouses are widely used not only in the household of many gardeners. Industrial complexes are built in this form. They can be used for plant cultivation, sorting, storage and even processing. It all depends on the size and layout of the building. The project is selected based on the number, type of plants, the method of their cultivation and location.

The arched shape makes it possible to make greenhouses of a lower height than vertical-walled structures require. They resist wind loads better and, most importantly, let more light into the room.

The greenhouse is a structure 2 m high and 3 m wide. What will be the length, the owner himself decides, focusing on his needs. The greenhouse is extended with additional sections. There is a window on the roof. The design provides for special partitions that separate cultures from each other. This makes it possible to simultaneously grow different types of plants. Modification "Sunny House T12" is strengthened due to the minimum step of the arcs - 1 m

The disadvantages of greenhouses in the form of a lancet arch include the potential danger of cracks in the roof during heavy snowfalls. Snow often has to be removed by hand, as it falls down much worse than from the gable roof of the "house". If the layer is too thick, the roof may not withstand.

There are also restrictions on the layout of the interior space. It is difficult to place shelves, racks, etc. in an arched greenhouse. When caring for plants, the owner is not always comfortable. All these are solvable problems, but when choosing between an arch and a “house”, it is worth weighing all the factors, taking into account possible difficulties.

Of the ready-made arched greenhouses, the Solar House and Royal House series are especially popular. Features of the design of the "Royal House" are presented in the video:

Option # 3 - a greenhouse with sloping walls

Greenhouses with walls located at an angle are structures that look like the usual "houses", and in terms of functionality and practicality - arches. In such greenhouses, the walls are mounted with an inclination inward at a slight angle. Due to this, the base increases, like an arch, which gives more space for the beds. The height of the structure may be less than that of the "house".

An undoubted advantage of such a project is the ability to build a greenhouse with your own hands without any problems, because you don’t have to bend the frame. Glass is suitable for cladding, incl. and used. Often use polycarbonate, film. Another advantage is the “self-cleaning” gable roof. Regardless of the design of the roof, it is better to install a window in it for ventilation when humidity rises. The disadvantage of the design is the restrictions when installing shelves along the walls due to the slope.

When calculating a greenhouse with sloping walls, attention should be paid to the steepness of the roof slopes. If the angle is chosen incorrectly or ventilation is not provided, then moist air can accumulate under the roof, which leads to the reproduction of microorganisms, fungi, mold, mosses. Such a “neighborhood” can significantly damage the health of plants.

Option #4 - mansard roof greenhouse

A mansard roof structure is a type of greenhouse with vertical walls, however, instead of a gable roof, a mansard is installed. It copes with loads perfectly, snow does not linger on it.

A mansard roof gives more headroom than an arched roof. There are no other features, otherwise such greenhouses have the same advantages and disadvantages as traditional structures with gable roofs. On the walls, you can place shelves and racks for multi-tiered growing plants.

When deciding on a roof structure, you should think carefully about which design will be optimal. A mansard roof looks advantageous, but in most cases it is not necessary. But the design requires additional calculations, an increase in the amount of materials. The owner must be sure that these costs will pay off

What is the best greenhouse design?

The described types of greenhouses are most common, but the variety of designs is not limited to them. Each type has its own advantages, purpose, features. When choosing a design, shape, materials, many factors must be taken into account. We offer a detailed video review from a specialist. Comparison of different types and materials of greenhouses will help determine the choice of the optimal design:

If you have already compared greenhouses of various designs and have chosen the right one, you can start searching. A little secret of sellers: the demand for greenhouses is higher in spring and summer, so in winter they can be purchased at a discount.

When buying, do not trust intermediaries and resellers, try to purchase a greenhouse directly from the manufacturer. Be sure to read the technical documentation, check the complete set of the ordered model. By following these simple guidelines, you increase your chances of buying a quality greenhouse that will delight you with fresh fruits and vegetables for years to come.

Greenhouse designs and their types: 6 main forms of greenhouses

Each owner of a private house has a personal plot that is suitable for growing vegetables. Some of them do not like direct sunlight and dry land. They also have different requirements for watering. When using the open method, it is not always possible to create all the conditions necessary for growing these crops. An alternative and very convenient option for this is a greenhouse in a country house or a personal plot.

Greenhouse designs: their main types and types

Being engaged in agriculture, we gradually came to such a convenient method as growing vegetables and berries in a greenhouse. It allows you to create the microclimate necessary for our capricious plants in an enclosed space.

The designs of greenhouses allow us to protect the culture we cherish both from the scorching heat and from severe frosts. Indoors, certain conditions are created in which it is easy to maintain the same state for a long time.

There are many types of greenhouses you can use. They are different in appearance, principles of operation, size and building materials from which they are built. Also, greenhouses that we build on our own can have a variety of shapes.

The main forms of greenhouse structures:

• hemisphere;
• Pyramid;
• oval shape;
• Rectangular;
• Smooth;
• Trapezoidal shape.

The most common is the oval shape, because it is the easiest to manufacture.

Making a greenhouse: do-it-yourself optimal design

The manufacture of a greenhouse can be the most diverse. You can buy ready-made greenhouse parts in the store and assemble it yourself at home, or you can search for unnecessary building materials on your site and build a greenhouse structure. You can use everything that is at hand: boards, glass, old furniture, film, plastic bottles, boxes. Having picked up the necessary material, we draw a drawing and build it. A homemade greenhouse is not as correct, but it is cheaper.

Greenhouses, the optimal design of which is made by hand, are the best. They are often talked about in television programs about agriculture and vegetable growing. There is also a lot of information about them in magazines and other periodicals.

You should not spend a lot of money on the purchase of the necessary building materials for such greenhouses. There are always a lot of different items in summer cottages and personal plots. Look around, think, and you will definitely find almost all the materials necessary for the construction of this structure.

Do-it-yourself building material for building a greenhouse can be:

• Wooden plank;
• Reinforcement rod;
• Not a thin hazel;
• PVC pipes;
• Steel corner;
• Large mesh.
• Old window frame;
• glass sheet;
• Polycarbonate sheets;
• Dense greenhouse film.

When building such a greenhouse, you must first make a frame of the desired shape, and sheathe it with a covering material.

The device of the greenhouse: its difference from the greenhouse

Unlike its brother, a greenhouse, a proper greenhouse is a different structure. It is more expensive and durable. A more careful and balanced approach is needed for the construction of a greenhouse. The material for its construction should be chosen one that can last a long time. And it works differently.

The device of the greenhouse is such that it is mostly a capital stationary structure that can be used in any cold season. It requires compliance with special rules during its construction.

A greenhouse differs from a greenhouse in that it is installed in one place. Whereas you can move a greenhouse to different places on your land.

Other differences:

• Even a simple greenhouse is usually much larger than a greenhouse;
• The frame of the greenhouse is done thoroughly, taking into account that it will remain in place all year round;
• Often the greenhouse is placed on a prepared foundation;
• The coating of the greenhouse is made reliable and of high quality. This is to ensure that she has the opportunity to serve us for a long time.

If you decide to build a large greenhouse on your site, then you should prepare for the fact that this design will require a lot of time and effort from you.

Do-it-yourself components of a greenhouse or greenhouse: device and maintenance

To properly build a greenhouse or greenhouse, you need to have special knowledge, both construction and agricultural. The device of the greenhouse is different from the device of greenhouses. If greenhouses are temporary structures, small in size, then greenhouse structures are large stationary structures that can occupy a large area of ​​\u200b\u200bland.

Do-it-yourself greenhouse device is a whole system of various processes that are brought together in one large structure. All these processes are aimed at providing the conditions necessary for growing plants.

In view of the fact that greenhouses require frequent presence from us, this home-made design must be of high quality, in compliance with safety rules.

Greenhouse design includes:

• Foundation;
• frame;
• Roof;
• cover sheet;
• Irrigation tank;
• brackets;
• Vents or transoms for ventilation;
• soil as a floor;
• Door;
• Electrical wires, lighting;
• Heating system.

If the greenhouse area is large, then try to make doors on both sides. This method will give you the opportunity not to cross the entire greenhouse with containers when harvesting, and will make it easier for you to improve the greenhouse.

Arched greenhouse structures: their pros and cons

The appearance of the greenhouse comes from the shape of the roof of the building. The roof, in turn, depends on the type of building material that was used to build the frame. Material compatibility is also important. It is not advisable to cover greenhouses made of wood with polycarbonate, and those made of film should be pulled over a frame of steel reinforcement.

The designs of greenhouses with an arched roof are quite new. They note a number of advantages over other types of greenhouses. If you want to build a new greenhouse, then you should think about whether to put a greenhouse in the form of an arch on your site.

These greenhouses are the best. They are well suited for the construction of structures made of polycarbonate, or dense greenhouse film. Very often, according to the type of such arched greenhouses, small greenhouses are built for growing all types of seedlings. Arched greenhouses are also suitable for winter greenhouse equipment.

Advantages of an arched greenhouse:

• Almost no snow accumulates on the arched roof;
• The arched shape has very good windability;
• Through the arched roof, daylight is scattered in an arcuate manner, and this has a good effect on the fruiting and growth of plants;
• Cellular polycarbonate can withstand heavy loads very easily;
• The arrangement of honeycomb sheets contributes to good thermal insulation;
• It is more practical than greenhouses, which have other forms;
• To build it, it is not necessary to build a foundation;
• She has a beautiful, aesthetic appearance.

If modern irrigation and heating are made in an arched greenhouse, then such a greenhouse will become not only beautiful, but also very productive. In the arrangement of the greenhouse, special importance must be given to electrical work. The method and quality of lighting is very important when growing vegetables, as well as heating, the principle of operation of which, often, is electric heating elements. In view of this, the construction of a greenhouse must begin with the arrangement of an electrical interchange.

Modern designs of greenhouses and their types (video)

Each of us has our own hobbies, occupations and activities. Someone is happy to stand at the machine, and someone really likes to work on the ground and grow vegetables. If you also have a desire to devote yourself to gardening and growing vegetables in a greenhouse, study this topic thoroughly, view pdf photos and videos. They will help you better understand this process.

Types of greenhouses and their designs (photo)

A greenhouse is a structure that has light-transmitting walls and a roof and is designed for growing various plants in the spring and autumn, when weather conditions do not allow several crops to be taken in one year.

Currently, there are a variety of types of greenhouses. In their form, they are large and small, square, rectangular, one- or two-slope, etc. Frames can be made in the form of a tent, arch, house, or have a different shape. Types of greenhouses also differ in size: they are standard and non-standard. They are made of polycarbonate, wood, metal. You need to choose a heifer taking into account what goals it faces, why it is needed at all. Cost also plays an important role.

How to choose a greenhouse for a summer residence?

Ideally, the building should have the following characteristics:

• be of sufficient quality;
• reliable;
• durable;
• adapted to different weather conditions.

In addition, it should be practical and convenient to use, as well as inexpensive.

When choosing a greenhouse, each person pursues a variety of goals. For some, it is enough that she has a nice appearance and looks good against the backdrop of a house or plot. For other people who see the greenhouse as a household accessory or a way of doing business, more serious features are needed. Appearance for them plays not the most important role.

Collapsible or stationary?

Before purchasing a greenhouse, you should decide which model is needed: stationary or collapsible. From a stationary fuss, much less - once installed and forgotten. A collapsible one will have to be installed and disassembled twice a year. However, if the greenhouse is in the country, where you visit only in the summer, and theft occurs quite often in the summer cottage, then it is more expedient to purchase a collapsible model.

What will be grown

Before making the final choice, you should decide what exactly you will grow in the greenhouse: tomatoes, cucumbers, herbs, seedlings, etc. The decision is yours, but keep in mind that different greenhouse crops differ in growing regime and requirements for humidity and lighting . In addition, some plants do not tolerate any neighborhood and can harm each other.

After you decide which plants will be grown, you can choose a building of a suitable height.

What are greenhouses?

Today, the modern market offers a variety of types of greenhouses and greenhouses, different in shape, characteristics, size and cost. For their production modern high-quality and reliable covering materials are used.

Types of greenhouses

Depending on the coating used, such structures are divided into the following types:

All types of greenhouses are good, but they perform their functions with varying degrees of efficiency. Each option has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Film greenhouses

Film is one of the most widely used covering materials.

• The main advantage of such structures is their low cost.
• Another plus is the possibility of independent construction. Do-it-yourself film types of greenhouses are assembled very simply. To do this, you only need plastic wrap, a rail, a screwdriver and a furniture stapler.
• Such a structure perfectly transmits ultraviolet rays, which are so necessary for the normal development of plants,
• There is no need to build any foundation.

Unfortunately, film greenhouses have many disadvantages. First of all, it is short-lived. The film tears quite easily and rarely survives the winter. The next season, the greenhouse must be covered again. Yes, and a frame made of boards or rails can rarely withstand more than 2 seasons. Humidity and heat are ideal conditions for the development of wood fungus.

Reinforced polyethylene film is more durable thanks to a special reinforced mesh. It can withstand not only strong winds, but even hail.

Glass greenhouses

Glass is a durable and strong material for covering greenhouses. Its distinctive properties are high ability to transmit light and excellent thermal insulation.

However, glass greenhouses also have a drawback: inside the air can be very hot, which can have a very bad effect on the health of plants. Also, their minus is the complexity of glazing. A large mass of glass requires a reliable, and therefore expensive frame. The glass must be at least 4 mm thick. The larger the frame sizes, the better the greenhouse lighting will be. But this increases heating costs. Yes, and replacing a large broken glass will also be more expensive.

The disadvantages of glass greenhouses include the fragility of the material itself, which tends to break not only due to physical influences, but also due to temperature changes (large temperature difference inside and outside the greenhouse in severe frost).

Polycarbonate structures

This relatively new material has recently actively captured the greenhouse market and the attention of gardeners. Polycarbonate structures have a number of clear advantages over film and glass types. The material has the following advantages:

• High strength (almost 200 times stronger than glass), heat resistance and fire resistance.
• Extreme lightness (the weight of cellular polycarbonate is 16 times less than that of glass, and 3 times less than that of acrylic of the same thickness).
• High thermal insulation and low thermal conductivity.
• High light transmission (transparency of the material is up to 86%). In addition, the material scatters light, so that it reaches almost all beds.
• Good noise and sound insulation.
• High chemical resistance.
• Excellent resistance to various weather conditions.
• Polycarbonate is durable. Products from it have a warranty period of up to 10-12 years.
• Polycarbonate does not break, does not crack.
• Has special protection against ultra-violet radiations. Thanks to the protective layer, hard UV rays do not pass through cellular polycarbonate.
• Ease of installation. The lightness and flexibility of the sheets allows you to create original and elegant designs of various types.
• Looks attractive and modern.

All types of polycarbonate greenhouses have some disadvantages:

• If the sheets are placed incorrectly (with protection from UV rays inside), then their service life will be significantly reduced (from 10 years to 2-3).
• Almost all types of polycarbonate greenhouses (photos are available in the article) require the construction of a foundation for their normal operation.
• The material has a hollow structure, water and dirt often get inside. This contributes to the deterioration of light transmission and a fairly rapid loss of heat, which is undesirable. In addition, the appearance deteriorates.

Types of greenhouses and their designs

Under polycarbonate, frames are made and built, which differ both in shape and in the material used. The most common types of polycarbonate greenhouses are arched and tented (house). All others are variations of these two.

Arched structures

Arched types of greenhouses and greenhouses are one of the most popular designs on the market. They are used for early and all-season cultivation of various garden crops and flowers.

The frame consists of semicircular arches, which are most often installed on a vertical base. As a rule, these are factory-made greenhouses.

Types of greenhouses (photo above) of an arched structure have the following advantages:

• They are environmentally resistant. Thanks to the streamlined shape, snow does not linger on them.
• Their installation is quite simple, which allows you to build these types of greenhouses with your own hands.
• The presence of a small number of connections. A typical design, which is 3 meters wide, is covered with one sheet, fixed to the frame only at the ends.
• The consumption of polycarbonate for greenhouses is small.
• Good sunlight penetration.
• Low cost.
• Can be installed without foundation.

The disadvantages include:

• Little functionality.
  A small height of the extreme beds.
• Arched greenhouses are good for low crops like peppers or eggplants.

Tent structures

Tent types of greenhouses and their designs are most often chosen for self-construction, but there are also factory options. Advantages:

• The possibility of creating an individual design.
• Sizes can be the most non-standard for any culture.
• Very practical and functional.

Their main disadvantages:

• For the frame, you must use the most durable material.
• The cost is higher than other types.
• The consumption of polycarbonate is quite large.

Frame types

The frame of the greenhouse can be made of the following materials:

Currently, a wooden frame is used less and less. The tree requires impregnation with special compounds against decay, various fungi and other destructive, negative phenomena. It is also impossible to bury wooden racks in the ground without first sheathing them with waterproofing materials. Otherwise, the structure will fall apart quickly. All these nuances make the installation process quite laborious and unprofitable.

The frame for greenhouses made of PVC in our country is used quite rarely. Its advantages:

• The material does not rust or rot.
• Resistant to the negative effects of various chemicals, fertilizers, etc.
• Very practical.
• The material does not need special treatment, such as painting, impregnation.
• Appearance is quite aesthetic.

Metal frames are among the most durable structures. They do not rust, do not rot, do not emit harmful toxins, they do not need to be painted.

The biggest drawback is the high cost of aluminum. In addition, there is a very high probability that the greenhouse can be dismantled and taken to the metal collection point.

Industrial greenhouses

The only significant difference between industrial greenhouses and those used in household plots and cottages is their size. They can occupy quite impressive areas that exceed 1000 square meters. m, and their height can reach 6 m.

Types of industrial greenhouses:

• Seasonal. The period of active operation is limited to the season (March-November). They are used to grow crops that are in high demand among consumers of agricultural products.
• Year-round, allowing you to get a high yield even in winter. All types of winter greenhouses are quite expensive, but the high profitability of the economy more than makes it possible to recoup the costs in the shortest possible time.

The efficiency of industrial greenhouses depends on the following factors:

• the ability to create and maintain a suitable temperature and humidity;
• the quality of the materials used for the construction of the structure;
• availability of irrigation, lighting, heating and other systems.