Warm frame veranda. How to attach a veranda to a country house: first-hand step-by-step instructions. Building materials for arranging a veranda

Having built a veranda, you can make your house more beautiful and unique, as well as expand its usable area. But how to build it? The easiest way is to add a veranda to the housing project even before the start of construction - in this case, it will have a common foundation with the house and it will turn out to be stronger.

However, if such an opportunity was missed, you should not be upset, since attaching a veranda to the house after the completion of its construction is absolutely realistic - you just need to study the work technology and learn all the subtleties of the process. How to build a veranda correctly?

Veranda design

The first stage of any construction is the creation of a project; This stage is also important in the construction of such a relatively simple structure as a terrace. You can draw up a detailed construction plan yourself using various software. However, if you do not have a special education, it is better to contact the design office for professional help.

Plan of walls and partitions of the first floor

Design can be divided into several separate stages.

Choosing the type of veranda

The veranda attached to the house can have a very different look. All such structures can be divided into two types:

You can choose any option - the main thing is that the terrace organically fits into the overall exterior of the house, becomes its logical continuation.

Thematic material:

The shape of the building also differs. The simplest and most affordable option is the usual rectangular veranda. More complex will be a rounded, curved design. You can also attach polygonal terraces to the house, running along one or more walls, or even forming a whole belt around the whole house. It is not necessary to build a veranda near the front door, although this seems to be the most obvious solution.

Material selection

As a rule, the veranda is built from the same material from which the house is made: it is better to attach a log or timber veranda to a brick building, to a wooden house. However, you should not rely on design compliance alone. Another important criterion when working is how difficult the construction of the veranda will be.

The easiest way to build - the object made from it is easy to process, the material allows you to easily implement many design ideas. It is also simple and inexpensive to create a structure from modern materials: WPC, PVC, polycarbonate. To attach a concrete or metal veranda to the house, most likely, you will need the help of specialists in various fields.

Construction Site Analysis

One of the most important tasks when designing a terrace is to study the technical nuances and bring the characteristics of the future building in line with the conditions of the area. The quality and durability of the structure will be affected by several factors:

• soil type;
• the condition of the wall of the building to which it is planned to attach the veranda;
• climatic conditions in the region.

The maximum mass of the terrace, the complexity of the foundation, the need for insulation and much more depend on these parameters.

Documents receiving

This point is very easy to lose sight of if all the work on the construction of the terrace from start to finish is done independently. The project of the veranda and other technical documentation will help to obtain permission to change the design and registration certificate of the house. According to the law, construction approval is required in the following instances:

1. local self-government body;
2. fire safety authorities;
3. sanitary and epidemiological station.

It seems that since the built house and the plot are yours, you are free to do whatever you want with them - including attaching a terrace. However, without all permits and a documented project, the terrace will legally be an illegal addition to the house. This will make it impossible to sell the object, donate it, exchange it; it will also be impossible to get a loan from a bank on the security of a house.

Foundation construction

When the project is completed, and all permits are obtained, it will be possible to proceed with the actual construction work. And their first part is the construction of a high-quality and reliable foundation. How to make this part of the building right?

The main requirement is this: the base of a closed or open veranda attached to a private house must correspond in its technical characteristics to the foundation of the main building. First of all, its depth should be the same. If this requirement is not met, when the air temperature drops, due to uneven deformation of materials, parts of the house will disperse, a gap will appear between the terrace and the wall.

Attaching a new foundation to an old one is done in different ways, depending on how long ago the house was built.

• A new house is usually in the process of shrinking, so a rigid connection will cause the weaker structure to collapse - most likely it will be a terrace. In this case, the veranda is attached in the “thorn-groove” way - it will slide around the house like on rails, and the difference in shrinkage rates will not harm the structure in any way.
• If the house has been standing for a long time, and the shrinkage is over, a rigid connection of the terrace with it is allowed. In this case, a gasket made of a waterproofing material (for example, roofing paper) is used and the connection is treated with mounting foam.

It will not work to make the foundation unified if the terrace was not conceived at the design stage of the house, but nevertheless, you should try to combine the foundations of the veranda and the house as efficiently as possible.

The type of foundation is selected depending on the design features of the terrace, primarily its mass, as well as the type of soil.

Formation of flooring

Whether the planned veranda is closed or its main attribute is complete openness, in any case, the terrace floor must be durable, warm and protected from destruction.

Most often, even if the rest of the veranda is made of concrete or brick, the floor is made of wood. This is due to both practical and aesthetic properties of this material:

• the tree does not allow heat from the room to flow into the ground;
• it is durable;
• wood is completely safe for health;
• such a floor practically does not require decorative processing, since the material itself is very beautiful - just cover it with a layer of varnish to protect it from damage.

The floor on the finished foundation is built in the following order.

All wooden elements of the veranda must be treated with antiseptic and antibacterial impregnations. This will protect the terrace floor from decay, damage by fungal and other microorganisms, significantly extending its service life.

Walling

Walls, unlike the floor, are an optional attribute of attached verandas. Instead of them, it is quite possible to build an ordinary . The veranda may not have any fencing at all - some projects for adding a veranda to the house involve the use of plants, hedges, as a fence. If it is planned to make full-fledged railings, walls and roofing, the next step after the formation of the floor will be the construction of the frame.

A lightweight frame made of wood is done like this.

1. Along the perimeter of the floor, bars are laid, connected to each other by a direct lock. Grooves should be made on them for attaching racks in increments of about 50 cm.
2. Racks are fixed in grooves with metal brackets.
3. From above, the racks are tied with a beam.
4. We make rafters for the roof.

A light metal frame is erected in a similar way. If the foundation allows, the frame can be made of concrete or brick. The thickness of the load-bearing structural elements may differ from the characteristics of the walls of the main house. Roof supports must be at least 1.5 bricks thick, fence posts - 125 mm.

Terrace walls can be finished using a variety of materials:

• wooden or plastic lining;
• metal siding;
• beam;
• decorative brick and much more.

The main thing is the conformity and appearance of the house.

The walls of the veranda must be connected to the wall of the house in the same way as the foundations of the structures. For this, embedded steel elements are used. They are fixed in the main wall using deep holes, and they are laid in the wall structures of the terrace at the construction stage and fixed with a cement-sand mortar.

If the veranda is made open, railings are erected instead of walls. They can also be made from wood, metal, WPC, brick or concrete. Such a fence consists of racks, balusters and railings.

Roofing

The roof of the terrace can be removable, but it is better to securely fasten it to the frame if you plan to build a durable veranda. Like the floor, the main part of the roof is made of wood. The reliability and durability of the structure depend on how accurately the construction technology is observed.

The main terrace is a truss system consisting of a wooden beam and a crate made of boards. The task of this system is to hold the roofing material in place and withstand external influences - for example, precipitation pressure. Therefore, a lot depends on the quality of the rafters.

First of all, the rafters are treated with antiseptic agents. Then the next work is done.

After all the main elements of the veranda are completed, it remains only to make a few finishing touches - to do interior decoration, conduct electrical wiring and, if necessary, heating, and install furniture for relaxation.

The listed construction work is only the basic part of the technology that any extension of the veranda requires. The remaining elements - stairs, decorative elements - are made in accordance with the project. Having built the main parts of the terrace, you can easily cope with the additional ones.

Order services from professionals

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Proper construction of extensions for various purposes can not only expand the residential part of the house, but also improve its appearance and protect it from wear and tear. The construction of a veranda adjacent to the house, regardless of the type of building, requires careful project development, with the definition of materials and construction technology.

Proper execution and approval of project documentation in state institutions will not only insure against problems with the law, but also help to draw up a plan and estimate for the structure.

Design

A typical veranda is a roofed frame structure erected on a strip or column foundation, with glass or half glass walls. The statement that the veranda should be built from the same materials as the main building, with the emergence of new styles and fashion trends in architecture, has lost its relevance.

In the photos below - ready-made solutions for verandas attached to the house, with different principles of compatibility. In some cases, the new extension is made of the same materials and is completely combined with the house, in others the new one is combined with the preservation of common elements - the roof, beams, etc.

There are also projects in which the original design of the extension brings a new architectural touch, updating the exterior.

When choosing materials and construction technologies, one should also take into account the parameters of proper ventilation, moisture resistance and thermal insulation. With full glazing, it is necessary to provide opening segments for ventilation.

If an open veranda is being built, or, as it is also called, a summer terrace, you need to take care of the frost-resistant lining and tilt the floor towards the site.

Designs with removable frames are optimal for year-round use. The installation of large sliding doors will also allow the building to be used in a two-mode version.

In a typical project, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe veranda is rectangular and ranges from 10 to 15 sq.m. With smaller areas it will be too crowded, with large areas, additional reinforcement for the roof will be required. Polygonal and semi-circular foundations are also possible.

According to its location, the veranda can be corner, end or front. An original solution can be considered the construction of a terrace around the entire perimeter of the house, which can have glazed, open and closed areas for various purposes: they can accommodate an entrance hall, a recreation area, and a large pantry.

Foundation

The foundation of terraces and verandas attached to the house should fit snugly against the main building, but at the same time have independent supports.

The strip foundation is suitable for large and heavy structures; in all other cases, a columnar foundation can be erected. When pouring concrete, you need to leave a gap of 3-4 cm with the main wall, which will subsequently be filled with waterproofing foam.

At the first stage of preparation for construction, the soil is cleared and compacted. Then, corner holes are dug for the pillars along the depth of the foundation of the house (about 1 m on average), a pillow is made of crushed stone, gravel and sand, on which concrete is poured.

After setting, supports are inserted from asbestos or metal pipes. Concrete poles or bricks may also be used. The same method is used to lay high piles for buildings adjacent to the level of the second floor.

Depending on the area and weight of the terrace, intermediate posts may be needed, installed every half a meter.

For a tape-type foundation, a trench of 30-50 cm breaks through, the formwork is laid 15-20 cm higher. Metal reinforcement bars or reinforcing mesh are embedded in the soil. Concrete is poured onto a layer of crushed stone and sand.

Wooden frame

The frame is mounted from beams or logs with a width of at least 12 cm, which are covered with a waterproofing layer. For the strength of horizontal knitting, experts recommend using fasteners in the foot, while the connection surface will be at an angle. Vertical racks are fixed with diagonal interceptions.

At the final stage, the wooden frame is covered with rafters for the roof. For cladding, you can use plywood panels, chipboard boards, etc.

The construction of a wooden veranda is the best budget solution for the prices of materials, but when choosing this type of building, you need a professional approach and knowledge of the nuances of building from a wooden bar.

Other materials for verandas

The construction of foam blocks is being built on a strip foundation. It is easy to make such a masonry yourself. Laying is carried out with the help of special glue, with dressing of seams for strength.

When finishing, an internal and external waterproofing layer is provided, finishing with drywall, wooden panels, moisture-resistant wallpaper and paints. The outer surface can be lined with ventilated facades.

Polycarbonate structure construction, modern and attractive option. This material is well combined in buildings with a wooden and brick frame.

For a building that consists entirely of bicarbonate shields, no foundation is needed. The earth can simply be compacted and covered with paving slabs.

The design is created using aluminum profiles, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of ventilation and water drainage. Polycarbonate panels and frames of various types can be customized for specific needs for lighting and thermal insulation.

Before you attach a veranda to the house, you need to decide on the functions that it will perform. In addition to the drainage and ventilation systems necessary in any case, the correct connection to the capital structure and the roof structure, the schedule for using this part of the house is important.

The design and construction of summer verandas differs from the requirements for premises with year-round operation. It is also important to note that any extension will require the same care and renovation as permanent buildings.

Photo of the veranda attached to the house

Each owner of a private household thinks about adding a veranda to his house. The entrance door to the dwelling, equipped with a canopy or visor, looks uninteresting. Having built a veranda, you can decorate it with curtains, hang flower pots or decorate it in the style you like. Being in such a building, it is pleasant to sit with a cup of tea, not being afraid of hot sunshine or drizzling rain. The sunset will become more beautiful if you watch it from a convenient place. All this will create additional comfort.

The need for a veranda. Functions, advantages and disadvantages

The construction of such a structure as a veranda is often an important condition for creating a comfortable stay and organizing functional areas in it. Structures are open and closed. Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. The advantages include the following points:

• the construction of an open-type structure is not particularly difficult and does not require additional costs for the installation of windows and doors.
• for these structures there is no need to lay a deep foundation.
• in a closed veranda, you can place a winter garden that is not afraid of frost, or organize a recreation area where you can be at any time of the year.

Speaking about the disadvantages of types of verandas, it should be noted that:

• closed-type verandas, as a rule, are insulated, heating is installed in them, which entails energy consumption and requires additional construction funds.
• furniture and other interior items on open verandas are quickly covered with dust or damp, so they must be made of moisture-resistant materials.
• an open veranda will not shelter from strong winds or low air temperatures.

The need for this extension is determined by the following criteria:

1. First of all, it increases the useful area of ​​​​a residential building, especially if it is very small.
2. Arranging a stove or a summer kitchen in it during the warm months of the year is more practical than inside a home. Additional heat and vapors are not retained, which makes the cooking process more comfortable.
3. The location of the dining room in it will move vacationers from the stuffy rooms of the house to fresh air.
4. The veranda, with appropriate design, will become an elegant architectural addition and give the house a beautiful look.
5. The glazed structure will become an intermediate room between the house and the street. This will keep you warm during the cold season.

The functionality of this structure, depending on the type of building, is as follows:

• due to its design, the veranda protects the house from various atmospheric phenomena;
• the existing fences of the veranda will prevent the direct entry of debris into the premises of the dwelling;
• closed-type veranda designs allow for the placement of a large number of plants and even trees in them in winter;
• the sliding frame of this extension allows you to adjust the areas of shading and shelter from the rain;
• the extension makes it possible to be in the fresh air even in adverse weather conditions.

Design gallery of possible options

This option will serve as a dining room and kitchen at the same time The fireplace in the veranda will create a special atmosphere Adjustable roof allows you to stay in the shade all day long Thanks to a convenient sliding system, this design will turn into an open veranda It won't get cold here even during the cold months Two verandas are attached to the residential building: glazed and without a roof The annex serves as an intermediate zone between housing and the street. Even in cold weather, this design will warm up with the sun's rays. Tall plants in such a structure will be comfortable

How to attach a veranda to the house: preparation

Before proceeding with the construction of the frame of the veranda, you need to decide on the type of future building. Before starting construction work, it is necessary to choose a place for its location, make the necessary measurements, prepare materials and install one of the suitable foundations. In order to accurately calculate the required amount of materials and the area of ​​​​occupied land for this extension, it should be carefully designed and drawn up.

Suitable foundation types

If you install a log foundation, you should pay special attention to the quality of the wood. For supports, oak and larch species are suitable, which were previously treated with a bituminous mixture or burned. For these purposes, logs with a diameter of at least 25 cm are used. The method of installing these supports is similar to the construction of a columnar foundation: the bottom of the pits is covered with sand and tamped, after which the logs are placed there. For better stability, concrete is poured onto a layer of sand or a wooden cross is installed.

To install a strip base, you will need a lot of concrete and a reinforcing cage. This foundation is solid walls hidden in the ground. It is designed for heavier buildings. The lower part of this base has an extension, which creates additional stability for the entire building. In cases of unstable or loose soil, the strip foundation can be increased. When installing this base, you need to leave holes for summing up the necessary communications.

Tape blocks are very popular. To do this, ready-made concrete blocks are purchased, installed in a shallow (from 20 to 30 cm) trench, the bottom of which is packed with sand. In this case, the block will be deepened into the ground by 2/3 of the slab. He will simultaneously play the role of the foundation and the basis for the floor of the veranda.

The column-piled foundation is a long column. To install it, you need to dig holes with a construction drill. Their depth should be from 40 to 50 cm. The bottom of the pit is covered with a layer of crushed stone or gravel. Then a sleeve with a roofing material rolled into a pipe is inserted into it. Concrete is poured into the resulting cavity. The supporting column is built on top of the resulting base.

The screw foundation provides for the use of metal pile elements, to the ends of which blades of various sizes are welded. This type of foundation is most suitable for unstable ground. Piles are screwed into the ground using manual force or pile-drilling equipment. The strength of the base, in this case, depends on the material of manufacture and the diameter of the pipes. The screwing depth must be below the freezing point. Usually this value is from 70 to 12 cm. The installation of screw piles is convenient because they can be installed in frozen ground.

Project drawings, dimensions

As an example, an open porch with a shed roof, installed on a columnar foundation, is presented.

Materials for this design should be selected taking into account the design of the house.

This design is a square shape, measuring 490x500 cm. The height to the ceiling beam is 230 cm. The angle of the roof is 20 °. The distance from the lower trim to the rafters adjacent to the wall of the house will be 420 cm. Since the width of the structure is more than 3 m, intermediate racks of beams with a section of 100x150 mm will be used to strengthen it. The distance between the first and second row from the wall of the house is 277 cm. From the second to the third row - 180 cm. On the front side, the racks are 166 cm apart. The distance between the longitudinal load-bearing beams should be from 80 to 110 cm. roofing material, with a total area of ​​24.5 m². The height of the foundation pillars, from the ground to the lower trim of the veranda frame, is 145 cm.

On the veranda with such parameters, you can place a couple of chairs with a table, and hang a garden swing.

1 - support board; 2 - longitudinal bearing bars; 3 - transverse beam; 4 - racks; 5 - foundation pillars

Material selection and calculation

The most common material in the construction of verandas is wood. It has a clear advantage over brick, metal and metal-plastic buildings. The material is easy to process, which is not typical of a metal structure. If profile pipes, channels or corners are used during the construction of the veranda, then it is convenient to mount double-glazed windows to such a frame.

A brick extension requires a deep foundation, and these are additional costs. In addition, much more time will be spent on its construction than on a wooden structure. For sheathing closed-type verandas, glass (double-glazed windows) or polycarbonate is mounted. For the roof, metal tiles, bituminous coatings, slate and polycarbonate alloys are used. However, for better sound insulation, you should pay attention to soft tiles.

For the manufacture of a frame veranda made of wood, the following materials are needed:

1. For the bottom and top trim:

• four beams with a section of 100x200 mm, 500 cm long;
• ten bars with a similar section, 490 cm long.

For vertical racks you need:

• five bars with a section of 100x200 mm, 430 cm long (racks attached to the wall of a residential building), and the same number - 285 cm each (intermediate racks);
• six bars with a section of 100x200 mm, a length of 230 cm (front racks).
• For longitudinal load-bearing elements (rafters), you need seven bars with a section of 100x150 mm, 540 cm long.
• For flooring, grooved boards with a section of 100x40 mm and a length of 490 cm are required, for a total area of ​​​​24.5 m².
• Roof sheathing requires OSB boards.
• Railings require bars with a section of 100x100 mm, with a total length of 15 m.
• For an x-shaped fence, similar bars are needed, with a total length of 40 m.
• Concrete M-300.
• Ruberoid or formwork boards.
• Reinforcing bars with a diameter of 10 mm.
• The roof requires soft tiles to cover 26.5 m².
• waterproofing material.

Required Tools

To build an open veranda structure, you will need the following tools:

1. Screw, bayonet and shovel.
2. Concrete mixer.
3. Water tank.
4. Screwdriver.
5. Electric jigsaw.
6. Grinder.
7. Electroplaner.
8. A hammer.
9. Building level.
10. Roulette.
11. Big square.
12. Stairs.
13. Cord.
14. Pencil.

Step by step instructions: how to build a summer terrace

For the construction of a frame veranda, it is necessary to lay the foundation. When installing it, you should adhere to some construction nuances:

• pits and trenches for the veranda should be at the same depth as the base of the house to which it is attached;
• if the ground under construction is unstable or there is abundant groundwater in it, then a pile-screw foundation will be able to cope with this problem;
• it is necessary to determine the ability of the soil to absorb moisture and the uniformity of the earth at the construction site.

Depending on the composition and quality of the soil, an appropriate basis for the frame is selected. In our case, this is a columnar foundation.

The base is a separate concrete pillars installed in the ground. A grillage or strapping for building walls is fixed on them.

1. Make markings for the future veranda, using a cord and wooden pegs.

   1 - cast-off boards; 2 - cord; 3 - plumb; 4 - level

2. Using a screw shovel, dig holes with a diameter of 40 to 50 cm, to a depth of 60 cm.
3. Pour damp sand into the bottom of each hole. It must be compacted to make a sand cushion 20 cm thick.
4. To prevent liquid concrete from being absorbed into the sand, a waterproofing layer must be laid. For these purposes, use roofing material.
5. Make formwork from boards. The size of each of its walls should be 40x90 cm.
6. Place reinforcing bars inside the formwork.
7. Pour concrete mixture there so that its level rises 40 cm above the ground.

   Reinforcing cage will strengthen the concrete pillar

8. To hold the walls of the formwork, use stops.
9. Leave the concrete to set.
10. When the base is sufficiently hardened and the pillars are formed, remove the formwork.
11. Use a spirit level to check the vertical position of each post.

    Optimal dimensions for the base under the veranda

12. Treat them with bituminous mastic.
13. Tamp the soil around the posts and install a fence.
14. Lay a waterproofing layer on the finished foundation. To do this, you need to fold the roofing material twice.
15. From above, install the lower strapping of the structure. This requires bars with a section of 100x200 mm. They need to cut grooves for installing vertical supports.
16. On wooden logs, install a floor made of tongue-and-groove boards, with a section of 100x40 mm.
17. Install vertical supports from similar bars in the grooves.

    Grooves make the structure strong

18. Long supports, with the help of anchors and self-tapping screws, attach to the wall of the house.
19. Mount the top trim of the structure. Connections of wooden elements are similar to the bottom trim
20. To the upper harness, on the one hand, and the wall of the house on the other, install the extension truss system. Arrange its elements in increments of 50 cm. For this, bars with a section of 100x150 mm are required.

    The structure is ready for insulation and finishing

21. Attach the frame of the truss system to the upper trim using metal corners or plates.

    Metal connections will not be visible after finishing

22. Install side railings.
23. Fix waterproofing on the rafter system, on top of which fill the crate with a section of 20x40 mm, in increments of 40 cm. Attach OSB-plates to it using self-tapping screws.

    Soft tiles are easy to install and repair

24. Now you can proceed to the installation of roofing material. Laying of soft tiles is carried out from the eaves from the center of the slope. The first row of this coating must be laid 2 cm from the edge of the eaves. Lay the tile layers with an overlap of 5 - 10 cm. Cover their joints with bituminous mastic. Fix the tiles on four sides with nails.

    There are a large number of colors and shades of soft roofing.

Finishing

The selected materials for finishing the veranda should have not only aesthetic value, but also practical. The open design is exposed to the environment. It follows from this that finishing materials must be resistant to high humidity and temperature extremes.

The most common material that meets all the requirements of open structures is wooden lining. This is an environmentally friendly coating that is ideal for wall cladding. A veranda with this finish has a pleasant woody smell. For better joining of wooden elements, their sides are equipped with grooves. To increase the service life, this finishing material is pre-treated with antifungal impregnations.

The lining is easy to install, thanks to the cutouts on the edges

MDF boards are used as finishing for the walls of the veranda. This material is more suitable for closed structures. This is due to the fact that moisture has a detrimental effect on the plates, causing them to deform and lose quality.

Inexpensive and reliable material - MDF boards

The opposite of MDF boards are PVC panels, which are resistant to moisture. This coating is easy to wash, it is fire resistant, it is made with different textures and colors. The installation of these boards is very simple.

Easy to handle and install PVC panels

An affordable and practical material for decorating verandas is siding. Its texture usually resembles stone or wood. It is produced in the form of long panels of various colors and shades. The material is resistant to fire, decay, and has a long service life.

The siding is securely fastened thanks to convenient holes.

Thanks to the variety of shades, it is easy to match it to the color scheme of the buildings on your site. Vinyl siding is often used for this.

To make the exterior of the veranda you need:

How and how to insulate floors and ceilings

When warming the veranda, first of all, you need to pay attention to the floor. This is especially important when the foundation is piled, columnar or does not have a continuous tape. In this case, from below, it is upholstered with penofol, after which all the cracks between the boards are puttied. As a heater for the floor surface, carpet or linoleum on a polypropylene basis is suitable.

If you make high-quality insulation, then it is necessary to equip the subfloor, followed by filling and installing a finished surface with a coating.

The floors on the veranda can be insulated with expanded clay granules. To do this, on the existing surface, wooden logs are installed from beams with a section of 40x150 mm, in increments of 60 cm. Expanded clay is poured between them, the height of which should not exceed the upper edge of the boards. On top of the logs, OSB-plates are fixed, on which the finishing floor is installed.

Granules must be evenly spaced

Also, floors and walls are insulated with mineral wool. For ease of installation, it is sold in the form of rectangular plates of various thicknesses. To insulate the floor with wool, you need to cover it with a waterproofing material. For this, foamed foil foam is used. On top of this layer, wooden logs are installed, with the same section and pitch. Between them, mineral wool slabs are tightly laid. If its thickness is insufficient, then the plates are laid on top of each other, with the condition that they do not rise above the wooden frame. Otherwise, the insulation will collapse and lose its thermal insulation properties. On top of it, to the lags, attach a vapor barrier material. Then the finish is installed.

The form of mineral wool in the form of plates is convenient for installation

As a heater, foam plastic and polystyrene have proven themselves well. These materials have the same base, but the foam has a uniform structure, and the foam tends to crumble. This insulation is available in the form of plates of various thicknesses. Just like in the previous versions, a waterproofing and vapor barrier layer is required for its installation. The plates are fastened in the logs with the help of plastic dowels. The joints of the plates are filled with mounting foam, which serves as an additional adhesive material. OSB-plates or tongue-and-groove boards are fixed from above. The ceiling is insulated according to the same principle.

Lightweight and durable foam material

If the veranda is an open structure, walls of beams are built along its perimeter. Then, according to the above methods, a heater is installed. Double-glazed windows are inserted into the walls.

Video: do-it-yourself veranda

Thanks to a wide range of materials, the appearance of the veranda can be designed in an original and beautiful way. Having warmed this building, you will enjoy the view not only of flowers, but also of the winter landscape. Lunches or afternoon teas will be more memorable thanks to the natural freshness and soft light at sunset, and rainy weather will not ruin an outdoor party.

Dining room, it is nice to have tea parties. You can build a veranda with your own hands using the tips from our article. We will tell you how to calculate the material, assemble the frame, etc. This will help you avoid mistakes, save time and money.

A veranda is an unheated extension to the main building, which adjoins the house on one side, combining the functions of a porch and a place to relax. Unlike the terrace, it is built in the same style as the house and serves as a shelter from rain and sun.

Veranda can be:

• with glazing (closed type);
• without glazing (open type).

The choice of materials for construction

When choosing materials, one should proceed from the fact that the veranda is most often built according to the principle of frame technology. For racks, lower and upper strapping, a beam of 150x150 mm is used. It can also be used for the log floor. For the installation of the main floor trusses, a beam of a smaller section is needed - 80x100 mm. Intermediate rafters are made of bars 40x40 mm. Filling between the posts - from edged boards with a thickness of 20 mm or from vinyl siding.

It is necessary to build a crate, which will require a beam of a smaller section (40x20 mm) or a metal profile. Stiffening ribs from the same timber are installed between the uprights. The same beam is needed for the installation of roofing lathing. The ceiling is lined with 20 mm boards, moisture-resistant plywood or OSB boards. For the floor, a grooved board with a thickness of at least 40 mm is used.

In order to know the exact amount of basic materials, before starting construction, it is necessary to make a sketch of the future veranda, in which all dimensions will be indicated.

Veranda model with basic dimensions

Table. Consumables for the construction of the veranda

The table shows the main materials. Some of them can be replaced, depending on personal preference, for example, vinyl or metal siding, wooden clapboard or a variation of it - a blockhouse can be used to fill between the racks.

Foundation for the veranda

For a light structure (which includes a veranda), the best solution would be to build a columnar foundation. This will significantly reduce the cost and speed up construction.

Particular attention should be paid to the base elements located at the entrance: they must be stronger than others. This requirement is caused by the need to prevent the veranda from tilting away from the house, which often happens when the foundation pillars subside. This can be avoided by building additional supports.

The construction of the columnar foundation for the veranda is carried out in stages:

1. The site is being prepared: trees and shrubs are cut down, stumps are uprooted.
2. The marking of the places of installation of the supports of the columnar foundation is being carried out.
3. Pits are dug below the level of soil freezing (approximately 1.1-1.2 m), at the bottom of which sand bedding 150 mm thick is arranged. Sand must be moistened and compacted.
4. Crushed stone is poured with a layer of about 100 mm.
5. Crushed stone is poured with a liquid cement-sand mortar, after which concreting is performed on top of it. The concrete layer should also be about 100 mm.
6. A roofing material is laid on top of the concrete in two layers (for waterproofing). Brickwork is being carried out: brick columns of square section (one and a half bricks) are being built. The height of the above-ground part should be such that the floor level of the veranda is slightly lower than the floor level of the main part of the house.

1. All supports must be at the same level: this must be controlled with a water level.
2. After the masonry is completed, the pits are backfilled. The soil needs to be compacted.
3. Two layers of roofing material are also laid on top of the posts.

The pillars of the column foundation must be at the same level

Attention! It is impossible to leave unfinished construction for the winter: due to spring heaving of the soil, unloaded pillars can be unevenly displaced. Fixing this will be difficult.

Frame construction and wall construction

First, we mount the lower trim from the beam (all connections are made only above the foundation pillar). The timber in the corners is joined half a tree and a spike is driven into a drilled hole with a diameter of 12 mm. To lay the log, grooves are hollowed out every 50-60 cm.

Racks must be installed strictly vertically. They are fixed with brackets and special corner connectors. For ease of installation, the racks are temporarily fixed with jibs. The racks closest to the house should be made higher than the ones farther away so that the roof slope is at least 7 °: this is necessary to ensure good rainwater runoff and snow melting.

The frame of the veranda will become stronger after installing the window sill beams between the uprights. The distance from the floor level is about 0.5 m (windows should be large).

The top trim is the same as the bottom. In it, grooves are hollowed out for the bars of the crate.

In the squares formed by the bars of the lower trim, uprights and window sill beams, diagonal elements are installed (crosswise), connecting them half a tree - they will additionally strengthen the structure. The walls under the window are sheathed on the outside with boards or other suitable material (siding, shield panels, etc.). A heat-insulating material is laid between the inner and outer skin - mineral wool (if the veranda is not used during the cold season, the insulation can be omitted).

Attention! Wood must be inspected and boards and beams with signs of decay and insect pests should be rejected. All wooden elements of the frame should be treated with an antiseptic agent, and after installation, paint should be applied.

Roof and floor installation

On top of the mounted crate, we lay sheets of moisture-resistant plywood or OSB boards. We use it as a roofing material: under such a roof it will be more comfortable during rain. A gutter should also be installed with a slope of 3-5 ° towards the water outlet.

For the floor, well-dried, planed tongue-and-groove boards with a thickness of at least 40 mm are needed. They are tightly driven together, leaving a compensation gap of 5-10 mm at the edges.

Note: in order for the floor to serve for a long time, the space between the foundation supports is not sewn up, or air vents (ventilation holes) are arranged.

After that, a porch is attached to the veranda, doors are installed and glazing is performed. Windows can be with single glass: this is enough to protect against rain and wind. Window frames with double-glazed windows are necessary if the veranda is planned to be heated (in this case, all cracks must be foamed and covered with platbands).

The last step is interior decoration. On the veranda you can install a table for tea drinking, if the area allows - you can install a dressing table and decorate with flowers and climbing plants so that you can comfortably relax on the veranda during the summer heat or rain.

A veranda in a private house is a covered terrace, which is often attached to the house with their own hands. It is located along the main wall and is a room without heating, for a pleasant pastime in the summer season. You can often find modern terraces with glazing, they can be in any weather. When making it with your own hands, it is necessary to observe the general ensemble of a country or country house, observe a single style and use the same materials in construction.

In a country house from logs it is better to make a summer terrace in the form of a log house located next to the main building. The construction of a veranda in wooden log cabins is often carried out in conjunction with the construction of the main house and its roof smoothly passes into the roof of the extension, which has a wall adjacent to the house, a single roofing material is used. In this article, we will walk through the main points of building a terrace of two types: open or closed, with our own hands.

General provisions for the construction of a veranda

Modern construction of country houses, country cottages, at the design stage, provides for the construction of a veranda for the house. In order to save money, the process of building extensions is removed by customers, for further completion with their own hands. Consider the main points that you need to pay attention to from the generalized experience of building terraces on your own.

Parameters by which verandas differ:

1. How is it located in relation to the house: corner construction, from the end or along the facade of the house.
2. Degree of security: open or closed (glazed) extension. Using modern materials, it is possible to make an open veranda from a closed veranda, this is achieved by sliding doors.
3. In what design is it made: built-in - a foundation common with the house or attached - its own foundation.
4. Construction form: rectangle, semicircle, polygon.

Veranda project

We must not forget, when making an extension project near the house, that its purpose is to improve the performance of the main structure: make it spacious, add beauty, comfort. The covered terrace also has the function of improving the thermal performance of the house. For the correct construction of the summer extension structure, it is necessary to follow the rules that are indicated in the developed project.

What does the project consist of:

• We determine in which place of the main house we will attach a veranda. The main aspect is the observance of the aesthetic perception of the entire architecture of your own house together with the veranda. Important! Experts recommend equipping a veranda in regions with high summer temperatures on the western or eastern side of the main house. It will be less exposed to direct sunlight.
• It is necessary to indicate the entrance to the terrace (veranda). The entrance from the outside and the entrance from the house are indicated. You can make a through passage through the veranda when the door to the house is opposite the entrance to the veranda, this method is not welcome, as there is a risk of drafts.
• Choose the type of doors and their installation location.
• We determine the total size of the summer room located along the house. The length is often taken to be equal to the length of the wall along which the veranda is built. The width is usually taken in the range from 3 meters to 7 meters, the main thing is to keep the proportion. When choosing the dimensions of the veranda, we correlate them with the overall dimensions of the house in order to maintain a single ensemble of the exterior of the building.

A good example of building a veranda with your own hands, when the project is being done at the design stage of the whole house.

Let's go through the construction of a veranda in a wooden house with our own hands step by step. It should be noted that an extension to the house can only be started after its complete shrinkage. Log houses, or those made of timber, are actively shrinking for three years, during this period it is better not to build an extension, otherwise the walls may be skewed. Experienced builders recommend, for those who do not want to wait, to build a transitional veranda structure with a house that allows the frame to play.

How to start construction?

House makeover should be included in the permits. To obtain these permits, you must contact the regional department of architecture and submit the following documents:

1. The right to own a piece of land (the land on which the house stands).
2. Design documentation of the main building.
3. Written consent of all registered tenants in the house for reconstruction, extension of the veranda.
4. Builder's application for registration of an extension.

It is advisable to start drawing up documents for building permits 3-4 months before the start of work. From the generalized experience of private developers, this is a lengthy procedure.

It is possible to build an extension without permits, but in this case, problems may arise when the house is inherited or you wish to sell it. The reason is to change the total area of ​​the house, since the veranda is part of it, and the total area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe residential building is taken into account with it. The BTI department may view this as an unauthorized decision to increase the area for housing. This is especially appreciated when the terrace is covered with heating.

No need to get carried away and make deviations in the size of the terrace, which are indicated in the project. A simple check will easily figure this out, and a fine with documentation adjustments will follow. For what can expect squatter builders joining a veranda home specified in the law of the Russian Federation.

Preparing for construction, choosing the material

After determining the construction site of the veranda, it must be prepared. A construction site begins along the selected wall, so before starting all work, you must:

What tool and material do we need?

When a wooden extension is made with your own hands, tool needed:

• Having building skills is necessary: ​​a hacksaw, an ax.
• Power tool: sledgehammer, hammer.
• Marking: tape measure, plumb line, level, marking cord, corner.
• For the foundation: shovel

If a metal frame is made, a welding unit and a grinder with a disc for cutting metal are additionally prepared. This type of frame is considered the most economical for the construction of an extension.

It will look better brick porch or wooden. Important! Observe the conformity of the materials of the extension and the main house.

Wooden summer outbuilding requires the following material:

• Lumber: beam, log, board, lath.
• Elements of wooden fasteners.
• Mixtures that perform protective functions for wood.
• Construction material: crushed stone, concrete.
• You will need drying oil and roofing material.
• Choosing the material for the roof of the veranda.
• Window and door systems.

In the design of an additional room, for summer holidays, using metal corners, instead of wooden materials use a metal profile, compositions for metal processing.

It is possible to make an extension (walls and roof) of polycarbonate for a better view, the panorama will be complete and panoramic. The positive properties of this material include, and the ability to keep heat perfectly, it can be used for walls and roofs.

Advice! Materials that will be used in construction and require pre-treatment must undergo this process prior to construction.

The first thing to do is determine the type of foundation for your veranda. The popular type is columnar foundation, since it is not tied to the foundation of capital construction (houses). If the veranda is being equipped for a long time and thoroughly, it needs a strip foundation.

Before making a foundation, you need to refer to the house construction documents, which indicate what soil it stands on, you can choose from this type of foundation for an extension. Parameters to pay attention to:

1. What is the ability of the soil to absorb moisture.
2. What is the composition of the soil at the construction site of the veranda.
3. At what depth does the soil freeze in the region of residence.
4. How close to the surface is groundwater.
5. General principles of soil stability.

When choosing the type of foundation for the veranda, we pay attention to the foundation of the main building, its design, and the state of the load-bearing walls. After choosing the foundation, it is done marking on the ground for further work.

Advice! A small wooden veranda will stand quite well on a columnar foundation at the corners of the extension. For wide and long verandas, the installation of pillars is used every 600 millimeters along the length and width of the extension.

Column foundation, how to make it?

The base (foundation) for the extension is just as important as for the main house, it must be made of quality material. Work order:

1. We dig holes for pillars to a depth of at least 100 centimeters, its depth cannot be less than the depth of the foundation under the main structure. The level of soil freezing is taken into account, the hole should be deeper than this level.
2. At the bottom of the dug holes we make a pillow, this is a mixture of sand and gravel. The pillow can be made in layers, sand, gravel.
3. We fill the pillow with concrete.
4. We lay out supporting posts from bricks when the main house is brick. If the main house is wooden, wooden beams are used as posts. Metal supports or asbestos pipes are used in columnar foundations for a frame veranda.

The veranda looks beautiful when it is at the level of the 2nd floor of the house. In this case, the ground part of the extension support is displayed at the level of the main foundation under the house. When a house with a high base is recommended to bring the veranda to its level.

We make a strip foundation

It is used if a heavy veranda with glazing is planned. For its arrangement, a trench is dug around the perimeter of the future veranda, formwork is installed. It is placed a little higher than it is planned to fill the foundation with concrete.

After pouring the foundation with concrete, it is periodically moistened with water until it is completely formed, this is necessary for uniform hardening of the foundation.

We make the frame of the veranda

For a wooden house, the frame of the veranda begins with laying the timber on supports in the lower harness. In the corners we use a “dovetail” for cuts, it’s better join the beam at the corners. For reliability, nails are used, you can fasten the dowel.

A beam for a wooden veranda is used with a section: 100x100 or 180x80 millimeters. When logs are used in the strapping, their cross section should not be more than 120 millimeters. Supports near the wall are made higher than the rest to form a pitched roof. When the frame is mounted, horizontally mounted bars are the basis for the window sill if glazing is provided. The top trim completes the installation of the veranda frame, it is the basis for the rafters, and creates rigidity for the entire system.

Temporary spacers must be used to avoid distortion in the frame structure.

Veranda roof

After having decided on the material for covering the roof, they begin to install the battens on the rafters, which are attached to the upper harness.

Structurally for verandas are offered the following types of roofing:

• Single roof. This is a simple design, easy to implement. Requires a slope from the main wall of the house towards the street.
• Gable roof. It is used if the veranda is attached to the end of the house with a narrow side.
• Polygonal roof. Its design is diverse, the main thing is to observe the slope for water runoff.

The truss system is installed based on the selected material:

• Lathing for metal tiles, slate and ondulin
• Solid decking is done for flexible roofing materials.

With your own hands, the floor is made simply:

1. We install logs on the lower strapping of the veranda structure. The distance between the lags is not more than 100 centimeters. We do their installation perpendicular to the floorboard.
2. We cover the logs, checked by the level of the floorboard.

If you plan to build open veranda, many converge on the floor installation with a slight slope for the water stack. The board is fastened with self-tapping screws, the length of which is two board widths. It is necessary to soak the floorboards with a solution that resists the creation of fungal deposits.

Conclusion

Some trim elements can be carved in a wooden veranda. Of great importance is the arrangement of furniture on the terrace, it will create an interior and add comfort. Flowers and plants will enliven the room, give a sense of continuation of a residential building.