Deep aquifer is a common problem that is well known to many land owners. Conventional surface pumping equipment either cannot provide the house with water at all, or delivers it to the system too slowly and with low pressure.
This issue needs to be resolved as soon as possible. Agree, buying a new pump is a costly and not always financially justified undertaking. The solution to this situation can be an ejector for a water supply pumping station.
We will show you how to choose the right unit and install it without the help of specialists. And also we will give a step-by-step instruction on the manufacture and connection of a home-made ejector. All stages of work are accompanied by visual photographs.
The deeper the water is, the more difficult it is to raise it to the surface. In practice, if the depth of the well is more than seven meters, it is difficult to cope with its tasks.
Of course, for very deep wells, it is more appropriate to purchase a high-performance submersible pump. But with the help of an ejector, it is possible to improve the characteristics of a surface pump to an acceptable level and at a much lower cost.
The ejector is a small device, but very effective. This knot has a relatively simple design, it can even be made independently from improvised materials. The principle of operation is based on giving the water flow an additional acceleration, which will increase the amount of water coming from the source per unit of time.
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Ejector - what is it? This question often arises among the owners of country houses and cottages in the process of arranging an autonomous water supply system. The source of water in such a system, as a rule, is a pre-drilled well or well, the liquid from which must not only be raised to the surface, but also transported through a pipeline. To solve such problems, a whole technical complex is used, consisting of a pump, a set of sensors, filters and a water ejector, installed if the liquid from the source must be pumped out from a depth exceeding ten meters.
When do you need an ejector?
Before dealing with the question of what an ejector is, you should find out why you need a pumping station equipped with it. In fact, an ejector (or ejector pump) is a device in which the energy of motion of one medium moving at high speed is transferred to another medium. Thus, at an ejector pumping station, the principle of operation is based on Bernoulli's law: if a reduced pressure of one medium is created in the tapering section of the pipeline, this will cause another medium to be sucked into the formed flow and transferred from the suction point.
Everyone is well aware that the greater the depth of the source, the harder it is to raise water from it to the surface. As a rule, if the depth of the source is more than seven meters, then a conventional surface pump can hardly perform its functions. Of course, a more efficient submersible pump can be used to solve such a problem, but it is better to go the other way and purchase an ejector for a surface-type pumping station, significantly improving the characteristics of the equipment used.
Due to the use of a pumping station with an ejector, the pressure of the liquid in the main pipeline increases, while the energy of the fast flow of the liquid medium flowing through its separate branch is used. Ejectors, as a rule, work in a set with jet-type pumps - water-jet, liquid-mercury, mercury vapor and oil-steam.
An ejector for a pumping station is especially relevant if it is necessary to increase the capacity of an already installed or planned installation of a station with a surface pump. In such cases, the ejector installation allows you to increase the depth of water intake from the reservoir up to 20-40 meters.
Overview and operation of a pumping station with an external ejector
Types of ejector devices
According to their design and principle of operation, jet pumps can belong to one of the following categories.
Steam
With the help of such ejector devices, gaseous media are pumped out of confined spaces, and a rarefied state of air is also maintained. Devices operating on this principle have a wide range of applications.
Steam jet
In such devices, the energy of a steam jet is used to suck gaseous or liquid media from a closed space. The principle of operation of this type of ejector lies in the fact that steam flying out of the installation nozzle at high speed entrains the transported medium that exits through the annular channel located around the nozzle. Ejector pumping stations of this type are used mainly for the rapid pumping of water from the premises of ships for various purposes.
Gas
Stations with an ejector of this type, the principle of operation of which is based on the fact that the compression of a gaseous medium, initially under low pressure, occurs due to high-pressure gases, are used in the gas industry. The described process takes place in the mixing chamber, from where the flow of the pumped medium is directed to the diffuser, where it slows down, and hence the pressure increases.
Design features and principle of operation
The design elements of a remote ejector for a pump are:
- a chamber into which the pumped medium is sucked;
- mixing unit;
- diffuser;
- nozzle, the cross section of which is narrowed.
How does any ejector work? As mentioned above, such a device operates according to the Bernoulli principle: if the flow velocity of a liquid or gaseous medium increases, then an area characterized by low pressure is formed around it, which contributes to the rarefaction effect.
So, the principle of operation of a pumping station equipped with an ejector device is as follows:
- The liquid medium pumped by the ejector unit enters the latter through a nozzle whose cross section is smaller than the diameter of the inlet line.
- Passing into the mixer chamber through a nozzle with a decreasing diameter, the flow of the liquid medium acquires a noticeable acceleration, which contributes to the formation of a region with reduced pressure in such a chamber.
- Due to the rarefaction effect in the ejector mixer, a liquid medium at a higher pressure is sucked into the chamber.
If you decide to equip a pumping station with a device such as an ejector, keep in mind that the pumped liquid medium does not enter it from a well or well, but from a pump. The ejector itself is located in such a way that part of the liquid that was pumped out of the well or well by means of a pump returns to the mixer chamber through a tapering nozzle. The kinetic energy of the liquid flow entering the mixer chamber of the ejector through its nozzle is transferred to the mass of the liquid medium sucked by the pump from the well or well, thereby ensuring a constant acceleration of its movement along the inlet line. Part of the fluid flow, which is pumped out by a pumping station with an ejector, enters the recirculation pipe, and the rest enters the water supply system serviced by such a station.
Once you understand how a pumping station equipped with an ejector works, you will realize that it requires less energy to raise water to the surface and transport it through a pipeline. Thus, not only the efficiency of using pumping equipment is increased, but also the depth from which the liquid medium can be pumped out increases. In addition, when using an ejector that sucks up liquid on its own, the pump is protected from running dry.
The device of a pumping station with an ejector provides for the presence in its equipment of a crane installed on the recirculation pipe. With the help of such a valve, which regulates the flow of fluid entering the ejector nozzle, you can control the operation of this device.
Types of ejectors at the installation site
When purchasing an ejector to equip a pumping station, keep in mind that such a device can be built-in and external. The device and principle of operation of these two types of ejectors are practically the same, the differences are only in the place of their installation. Built-in ejectors can be placed in the inside of the pump housing, or mounted in close proximity to it. The built-in ejection pump has a number of advantages, which include:
- minimum space required for installation;
- good protection of the ejector from contamination;
- no need to install additional filters that protect the ejector from insoluble inclusions contained in the pumped liquid.
Meanwhile, it should be borne in mind that built-in ejectors demonstrate high efficiency if they are used to pump water from sources of shallow depth - up to 10 meters. Another significant disadvantage of pumping stations with built-in ejectors is that they emit quite a lot of noise during their operation, so it is recommended to locate them in a separate room or in a caisson of an aquifer. It should also be borne in mind that this type of ejector device involves the use of a more powerful electric motor that drives the pumping unit itself.
A remote (or external) ejector, as its name implies, is installed at a certain distance from the pump, and it can be quite large and reach up to fifty meters. Remote-type ejectors, as a rule, are placed directly in the well and connected to the system through a recirculation pipe. A pumping station with a remote ejector also requires the use of a separate storage tank. This tank is necessary in order to ensure the constant availability of water for recirculation. The presence of such a tank, in addition, allows you to reduce the load on the pump with a remote ejector, and reduce the amount of energy required for its operation.
The use of remote-type ejectors, the efficiency of which is somewhat lower than that of built-in devices, makes it possible to pump out a liquid medium from wells of considerable depth. In addition, if you make a pumping station with an external ejector, then it can not be placed in the immediate vicinity of the well, but mounted at a distance from the source of water intake, which can be from 20 to 40 meters. At the same time, it is important that the location of pumping equipment at such a considerable distance from the well will not affect the efficiency of its operation.
Production of an ejector and its connection to pumping equipment
Having figured out what an ejector is and having studied the principle of its operation, you will understand that you can make this simple device with your own hands. Why make an ejector with your own hands, if it can be purchased without any problems? It's all about saving. Finding drawings according to which you can make such a device yourself is not a problem, and for its manufacture you will not need expensive consumables and sophisticated equipment.
How to make an ejector and connect it to a pump? For this purpose, you need to prepare the following components:
- tee with internal thread;
- union;
- couplings, elbows and other fitting elements.
The manufacture of the ejector is carried out according to the following algorithm.
- A fitting is screwed into the lower part of the tee, and this is done so that the narrow branch pipe of the latter is inside the tee, but does not protrude from its reverse side. The distance from the end of the narrow branch pipe of the fitting to the upper end of the tee should be about two to three millimeters. If the fitting is too long, then the end of its narrow pipe is ground off, if it is short, then it is increased with a polymer tube.
- An adapter with an external thread is screwed into the upper part of the tee, which will be connected to the suction line of the pump.
- A branch in the form of a corner is screwed into the lower part of the tee with an already installed fitting, which will be connected to the recirculation pipe of the ejector.
- A bend in the form of a corner is also screwed into the side branch pipe of the tee, to which a pipe supplying water from the well is connected by means of a collet clamp.
All threaded connections made in the manufacture of a homemade ejector must be tight, which is ensured by the use of FUM tape. On the pipe through which water will be taken from the source, a check valve and a strainer should be placed, which will protect the ejector from clogging. As pipes, with the help of which the ejector will be connected to the pump and the storage tank, which ensures the recirculation of water in the system, you can choose products made of both metal-plastic and polyethylene. In the second variant, not collet clamps are needed for installation, but special crimp elements.
If desired, you can equip the house with autonomous water supply almost everywhere. But the main problem is the depth of groundwater. If the water mirror in the prepared well is at a level of 5-7 meters, then there are no particular problems, you can use almost any type of pump that is suitable for performance and power consumption. The situation is different with wells, where the water begins much deeper. In this case, the ejector for the pumping station will be able to cope with the task.
Natural restrictions for work are created by atmospheric pressure, water column pressure and the strength of the elements of the pumping station itself. To raise water from a great depth, it is necessary to use a submersible pump or significantly increase the weight and dimensions of the equipment, from which it simply becomes incapacitated and consumes a huge amount of energy. To avoid such problems, it is necessary to facilitate the rise of water by additional means, to push it towards the surface, for which an ejector is needed.
Operating principle
The ejector is structurally very simple device. It consists of the following main components:
- nozzle;
- suction chamber;
- mixer;
- diffuser.
The nozzle is a branch pipe, the end of which has a narrowing. The liquid flowing out of the nozzle instantly accelerates, escaping from it at great speed. According to Bernoulli's law, a fluid flow at high speeds exerts less pressure on the environment. A jet of water from the nozzle enters the mixer, where it creates a significant vacuum along its boundaries.
Under the action of this vacuum, water from the suction chamber begins to flow into the mixer. Further, the combined liquid flow through the diffuser enters further through the pipes.
In fact, in the ejector there is a transfer of kinetic energy from a medium with a higher speed to a medium with a lower speed. How can this be used in combination with a pump?
The ejector is included in the pipeline from the well to the pump. Part of the water that it raises to the surface returns back to the well to the ejector, forming a recirculation line. Escaping at great speed from the nozzle, it takes a new portion of water from the well, providing additional vacuum in the pipeline. As a result, the pump spends less energy to lift fluid from great depths.
By means of a valve installed in the recirculation line, it is possible to regulate the volume of water flowing back into the water intake system, and thereby adjust the efficiency of the entire system.
Excess liquid, not used in the recirculation, is supplied from the pump to the consumer, determining the productivity of the entire station. As a result, you can get by with a smaller motor and a less massive pumping part that will last longer and consume less energy.
The ejector also makes it easier to start the system, a relatively small volume of water is able to create a sufficient vacuum in the pipeline and initiate the initial water intake so that the pump does not idle for a long time.
Device and types of stations
Pumping stations can be equipped with an ejector in two ways. In the first, it is structurally part of the pump and is internal. In the second case, it is implemented as a separate external node. The choice of layout depends on the requirements for the pumping station.
Built-in ejector
At the same time, water intake for recirculation, as well as the creation of pressure in the ejector, is created in the pump itself. This arrangement allows to reduce the dimensions of the installation.
The pump with an internal ejector is practically not susceptible to the presence of suspension in the form of sand and silt. It is not necessary to filter the incoming water.
The station is used to draw water from a depth of up to 8 meters. It creates enough pressure to provide a large farm, where water is mainly used for irrigation.
The disadvantage of the internal ejector is the increased noise level during operation. Its installation is best done outside a residential building, best in a separate utility room.
The electric motor is selected obviously more powerful so that it can also provide a recirculation system. However, this comparison is relevant only in a situation with a well depth of up to 10 meters. At greater depths, pumps with an ejector simply do not have an alternative, except perhaps only a submersible type, for which it is required to equip a well with a large diameter.
Remote ejector
With a remote ejector device, an additional tank is installed separately from the pump, into which water enters. It creates the necessary pressure for operation and additional vacuum to lighten the load on the pump. The ejector itself is connected in the submersible part of the pipeline. For its operation, it is necessary to lay two pipes into the well, which imposes some restrictions on the minimum allowable diameter.
Such a constructive solution reduces the efficiency of the system to 30-35%, however, it allows extracting water from deep wells up to 50 meters, and also significantly reduces the noise of the operating pumping station.
It can be located directly in the house, for example in the basement. The distance from the well can be up to 20-40 meters without reducing efficiency. Such characteristics determine the popularity of pumps with an external ejector. All equipment is located in one prepared place, which increases the service life, it is easier to carry out preventive maintenance and configure the system.
Connection
In the case of an internal ejector, if it is included in the design of the pump itself, the installation of the system is not much different from the installation of an ejectorless pump. It is enough just to connect the pipeline from the well to the suction inlet of the pump and equip the pressure line with related equipment in the form of a hydraulic accumulator and automation that will control the operation of the system.
For pumps with an internal ejector, in which it is fixed separately, as well as for systems with an external ejector, two additional steps are added:
- An additional pipe for recirculation is laid from the pressure line of the pumping station to the inlet of the ejector. The main pipe is connected from it to the suction of the pump.
- A branch pipe with a check valve and a coarse filter for drawing water from the well is connected to the suction of the ejector.
If necessary, a valve for adjustment is installed in the recirculation line. This is especially beneficial if the water level in the well is much higher than the pumping station is designed for. You can reduce the pressure in the ejector and thereby raise the pressure in the water supply system. Some models have a built-in valve for this setting. Its placement and method of adjustment is indicated in the instructions for the equipment.
The ejector is a jet apparatus in which the injection process is carried out, which consists in transferring the kinetic energy of one stream to another stream by direct contact (mixing).
Model:"EJ-2".
Price polyamide: 15,000.00 rubles.
Price stainless steel: 25,000.00 rubles.
Water performance: 2 m 3 / hour.
Air performance: 0.4-0.8 m 3 / hour.
Connecting dimensions of water inlet-outlet: 1".
Connecting dimensions of the gas fitting: 1/2".
How an ejector works
The working stream (water) is fed under pressure into the water jet ejector to the converging nozzle. In the nozzle, the water pressure decreases and the speed increases. The jet flowing out of the nozzle creates a vacuum in the suction chamber and entrains the injected medium (gas). To avoid a sharp drop in pressure and speed from the suction chamber to the mixing chamber, a confuser is provided. After passing through the confuser, the flows of two media enter the mixing chamber.
The last element of the ejector is a diffuser - it is designed to increase the pressure of the mixed flow and reduce its speed. At the outlet of the diffuser, we have a flow of two mixed media.
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