Loading and unloading operations should be performed, as a rule, mechanized. The mechanized method of work is mandatory for loads weighing more than 50 kg, as well as when lifting a load to a height of more than 3 m. The following requirements must be observed in work related to the transfer of gravity: adolescents under 16 years of age are not allowed to carry weights; the maximum norm for carrying weights on a flat horizontal surface for each person should not exceed for female adolescents from 16 to 18 years old - 10 kg, over 18 years old -
15 kg when alternating with other work, and with constant movement - 10 kg, when lifting to a height of more than 1.5 m - 10 kg; for male adolescents from 16 to 18 years old - 16 kg, over 18 years old - 50 kg. The total mass of cargo moved during the shift for women should not exceed 3000 kg, for men - 7000 kg (including tare).
Male loaders are allowed to carry loads up to 80 kg only with the help of devices; with a load of 50 kg or more, lifting it onto the back and lowering it must be done with the help of other workers.
With a transportation distance of more than 15 m, a load weighing 50 kg or more is moved using mechanisms. A load weighing more than 80 kg, regardless of the distance, is moved only with the help of mechanisms and special devices, allowing specially trained workers to serve them.
When carrying out loading and unloading operations with tare and piece cargoes, it is necessary to strictly observe the rules of warehousing, avoiding cluttering and reducing the width of aisles between stacks, exceeding their height, and improper stacking of individual packages. The maximum height of stacks when stacking goods is given in Table. eleven.
The maximum number of rows at the height of the stack when storing barrels is given in Table 12.
Boxed goods and goods packed in bags, when stacked, should only be stacked in a dressing. For example, sacks of flour should be stacked on special racks of 3-5 pcs., Strictly observing the order of linking the stacked sacks and the verticality of the stack. The bags are stacked up to 14 rows high. For the stability of the stack between every 6 rows, laying boards are made. The bottom row of bags is stacked with gaps between the bags, reducing them in subsequent rows, which creates a slight inclination of the main faces inward and greater stability of the stack. To eliminate the collapse of the stack and the accidents associated with it, it is necessary that the bags and their lining are strong. When forming a stack, make sure that the lining of the bags is placed inside the stack.
|
Mass of cargo in barrels, kg |
Barrel placement |
|
|
Horizontally |
Vertical |
|
IV group
414. The tendency of coals to oxidize and the maximum height of coal stacks are corrected on the basis of studies on the characteristics of coals from new deposits, taking into account the requirements of the Federal Norms and Rules in the field of industrial safety "Instructions for determining the incubation period of spontaneous combustion of coal", approved by order of the Federal Service for Ecological, Technological and Supervision of Nuclear Supervision No. 132 dated April 2, 2013 (registered by the Ministry of the Russian Federation on August 5, 2013, registration No. 28997), as amended by order of the Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service No. 236 dated June 22, 2016 (registered Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on August 24, 2016, registration N 43383).
415. During long-term storage, in order to reduce the intensity of coal oxidation and prevent its heating and spontaneous combustion, as well as to prevent its spraying and washing out, special measures should be taken to fill the surface of the stack with coal fines and layer-by-layer compaction, whitewash the slopes of the stack with 5-10% lime solution and cover the stacks special compositions that slow down oxidative processes in coals, specified in Appendix No. 2
416. During long-term storage of coals that do not require subsequent sorting, rollers and vibratory rammers are used to compact the horizontal surfaces of the stack. To move the rollers on the surface of the stack, scraper and retractable winches are used.
417. During long-term storage, layer-by-layer stacking of coal is carried out in a pile in layers up to 1.5 m thick with a uniform distribution of large pieces and compaction as each layer accumulates with a load of 3-4 kg / cm2.
418. The compaction of the slopes of the pile is carried out by special rammers, which at the same time are trowels for leveling the layer of coal fines before the rammer, as well as by rollers.
For compaction of coal, vibrating platforms are used, which are used to compact concrete in construction work.
419. Sectioned coal grades GK, GO, DK, DO, BK, BO, OSK, SSK, SSO, TK and ZhK and anthracite grades AP, AK, AO, AM, AS, as well as enriched coals (sorted concentrates) are stacked without layer seal. Compaction of grade Zh coal from the Pechorskoye and Suchanskoye deposits is carried out along the upper base and slopes of the stack. To reduce the intensity of oxidation, insulating coatings of a pile of coal specified in Appendix No. 3 to these Safety Rules should be used.
420. It is prohibited to form coals and anthracites in a pile with the help of scraper installations in order to avoid crushing of sized coals and anthracites.
421. To prevent heating and spontaneous combustion of coal in a stack during long-term storage, in addition to the measures indicated above, the following are carried out:
Periodic replacement of old coal from the stack with fresh coal with preliminary full shipment of old coal to consumers from the refreshed part of the stack;
Slowing down oxidative processes in brown and hard coals prone to oxidation and spontaneous combustion and the associated release of harmful gases by adding antioxidant inhibitors to them in the form of solutions, aqueous emulsions, suspensions (in the warm season) or dry reagents specified in Appendix N 2 to these Safety Rules, during layer-by-layer formation of a stack with subsequent layer-by-layer and surface compaction of coal;
Saturation of a stack of coal with water up to 10 - 12% and continuous maintenance of it in this state; humidification is applied only to waterproof coals;
Uniform wetting of coal during its laying in a pile of 2 - 3% aqueous suspension of slaked lime at the rate of 3 weight percent of the suspension to the weight of coal.
422. Control over the storage of coal in a pile should be carried out by measuring the temperature of the coal.
To measure the temperature of coal in a stack, a portable temperature probe or laboratory-type mercury thermometer with a scale of up to 150 °C should be used.
In the case of measuring the temperature of coal with a thermometer, vertical control metal pipes with a diameter of 25–50 mm should be installed in the stack, the lower ends of which are closed tightly and sharpened, and the upper ends are closed with a wooden plug tied to the end of the pipe. A thermometer should be suspended from the cork on a cord and lowered into the pipe.
423. Installation of pipes in a stack should be carried out along the upper base of the stack in a checkerboard pattern at a distance of one pipe from another no more than 25 m.
When storing storage-resistant coals and anthracites (anthracite pebbles, lean T, Ekibastuz SS), the installation of iron pipes for measuring the temperature of coal is prohibited. In this case, a portable temperature probe is used to determine the temperature of the coal during control checks.
The pipes must be stacked so that their ends do not reach the lower base of the stack at a distance of 1/4 of the stack height. After the pipes are stacked, the surface of the stack around the pipes must be compacted with a hand rammer.
Each pipe must be assigned a number, which is affixed to the end of the pipe, protruding above the surface of the coal pile by 0.2 - 0.3 m and tightly closed with a cork.
424. Temperature measurements should be carried out by lowering the thermometer on a cord into the control pipes to the depth required for measurement for a period of at least 20 minutes. So that the thermometer readings do not change when they are taken out of the pipes to the surface, the mercury balls of the thermometers must be immersed in a capsule with machine oil attached to the metal case of the thermometer. The distance from the walls of the oil capsule to the walls of the mercury ball should be 4 mm. Inside the metal case, the thermometer must be reinforced with rubber stoppers.
425. Temperature measurements should be carried out for coals:
Group I - after 10 days;
Group II - after 5 days;
Group III - after 3 days;
IV group - daily.
When the coal temperature in the stack reaches 40 °C, control measurements for coals of all groups should be carried out at least twice a day. If coals with a temperature of 60 °C or more are found in a pile, or if the temperature rises at a rate of 5 °C per day, measures should be taken immediately to eliminate the source of spontaneous combustion.
Temperature measurements for coals of groups I - III should be carried out at a depth of 2.5 - 3.5 m from the surface of the pile, for coals of group IV - at a depth of 1 - 2 m.
426. The factory should keep records of temperature observations over coal piles separately for each pile. When accounting, the main results of observations should be recorded:
Checking the health of thermocouples, thermometers, pipes (probes);
Inspection of coal for signs of heating and spontaneous combustion (gas emission, soaring, snow melting in cold weather);
Temperature measurements in coal piles while observing safety measures.
427. Temperature measurements should be carried out by the responsible employee of the coal warehouse. The measurement results are reported to the technical manager (chief engineer) of the factory.
428. External signs of the appearance of self-heating centers of coal in the summer, spring and autumn should be:
The appearance during the night on the surface of the stack, close to the source of spontaneous combustion, wet spots that disappear with sunrise;
The appearance of white spots that disappear when it rains;
The appearance of non-drying wet spots;
The appearance of ashed coal;
The appearance of steam and the smell of coal decomposition products;
Sparking at night.
In winter, an external sign of the appearance of self-heating centers is the appearance of thawed patches in the snow cover (if there is snow cover on the piles).
429. Upon detection of self-heating centers of coal with a temperature above 30-35 °C that have appeared in coal piles, the following measures are taken:
An immediate shipment is made from a pile of heated coal to railway cars and other vehicles;
If such shipment is impossible, additional coal compaction is carried out in the area of heating centers.
430. In the event that additional compaction of coal in the area of its heating centers has not yielded results and the temperature of the coal increases to 50 - 60 ° C, it is necessary to remove all heated coal from the pile and place it in a free place in separate piles with a height of not more than 1.5 - 2 m.
431. In case of occurrence of self-heating centers of coal with a temperature of 60 °C and above, as well as pockets of ignited coal, the following measures should be taken:
Heated or ignited coal is removed from the pile, and the coal is stored in a separate area in a thin layer no more than 0.5 m high and intensively watered with water until it is completely extinguished. To prevent re-ignition of coal, it is immediately shipped chilled;
If it is not possible to remove the coal from the stack and ship it, the fires of burning coal are extinguished by flooding the fire with an aqueous 3–4% suspension of slaked lime.
Filling should be carried out by supplying slaked lime to the coal pile directly to the combustion center and near its suspension through iron pipes with holes (injectors) immersed in the coal pile.
432. Fire protection of coal warehouses should be carried out in accordance with design decisions.
433. Fire breaks and passages from the base of a pile of coal should be as follows:
To the axis of the railway track - at least 2.5 m;
To buildings and structures (depending on their degree of fire resistance):
For semi-fire-resistant and semi-combustible buildings and structures - at least 15 m;
For combustible buildings and structures - at least 20 m;
To warehouses for lubricants, lighting materials and liquid fuels, as well as timber warehouses - at least 60 m;
To ventilation shafts, pits and receiving devices for supplying fresh air to the mines - at least 60 m.
434. Fire water hydrants should be located on sites not covered with coal. The distance from any hydrant to the place of coal laying should be no more than 100 m.
435. In cases where it is impossible to ship coal from the warehouse before the deadline for storage, its further stay in the warehouse is carried out with the application of measures to prevent spontaneous combustion of coal.
When warehousing piece-tare and piece goods, it is necessary to stack boxes of only one shape and size. For greater stability of the stack, the outer rows are installed with a slight slope inside the stack. Every 1.5 m of the height of the stack, it is necessary to lay gaskets over the entire surface of the stack. With a mass of each piece-tare cargo of more than 100 kg, the height of the stack should not exceed 6 m, provided that every 2 m ledges are arranged in the outer rows. If, during the dismantling of the stack, it becomes necessary to find people on the surface of the stack, then its height should not exceed 4 m.
When storing sheet material with manual slinging, the height of the stack should not exceed 2 m. Between sheets or groups of sheets, wooden spacers must be installed. When feeding sheets in bundles, spacers are placed between bundles.
Long-length metal is stacked in a stack up to 3 m high, and bundles of metal or pipes of an even tier should be placed in. longitudinal direction of the stack, and odd - in the transverse direction. When laying pipes of medium and large diameter, the pipes are placed close to reliable stops or three pipes are fastened together on both sides of the stack. With a pipe diameter of 201-1000 mm, the stack height should not exceed 4 m, with a diameter of 1001-1220 mm - no more than three rows of pipes.
Barrels can be stacked on the end or in a horizontal position. When stored on the end, they form a stack in the form of a truncated pyramid with a ledge for one barrel in each tier around the entire perimeter of the stack. Installation of gaskets between the tiers of drums in this case is optional. When barrels are stored horizontally, the bottom row is securely fixed, and the upper rows are placed in the recesses between the barrels of the lower rows.
Round unpackaged timber with a length of more than 3 m is stacked in stacks up to 6 m high, and strong log supports are installed along the edges of the stack. Lumber in packages is formed into a stack in the form of a truncated pyramid. With manual slinging of packages, the height of the stack should not exceed 6 m, and when using automatic grabs, the height of the stack can reach 10 m.
The wire in coils is stacked in a stack up to 2 m high in continuous rows, and the lower coils along the perimeter of the stack must be securely fastened.
The height of storage of large-capacity containers when working with an automatic spreader should not exceed six tiers of containers, and with manual slinging - two tiers.
The width of driveways and aisles between the stacks of any goods stored in open areas must be at least 0.7 m. less than 1.2 m and at a distance of 2.5 m with a stack height of more than 1.2 m, at a distance of 3 m from the fence of the storage area.
When working with a grab, it is possible to start reloading bulk cargo only after weighing the reloaded material during trial scooping. Trial scooping is carried out from the horizontal surface of the freshly poured cargo. In this case, the mass of the grab with the scooped load should not exceed the lifting capacity of the crane. Data on the density of various bulk cargoes are given in Table. 9.
403. Storage of substances, materials, parts and products (hereinafter - material assets) is carried out in specially equipped premises (on sites).
404. Places of storage of material assets shall be equipped with special devices and fixtures that exclude arbitrary displacement and falling of substances, materials and products during their storage, means of mechanization of loading and unloading operations.
For warehouses, a plan is developed for the placement of substances and materials, indicating their most characteristic properties (explosive and fire hazardous, toxic, chemically active, and the like).
Places and methods of storage of substances and materials, container design, storage mode are determined taking into account their state of aggregation, compatibility and uniformity of the choice of extinguishing agents.
Storage, stacking, packaging of material assets are carried out with free access to control their condition.
At the same time, passages must be observed: against the gate - not less than the width of the gate; against doorways - with a width equal to the width of the doors, but not less than 1 m; between the wall and the rack, as well as between the racks (stacks) - at least 0.8 m.
405. The design of racks for the storage of material assets must be designed for appropriate loads, ensure the stable position of the stored substances, materials and products and exclude their loss during storage.
406. Racks are securely fastened. Each rack must have an inventory number and inscriptions on the maximum permissible load on each shelf. Shelves of racks should have sides. Wooden racks in warehouses are treated with flame retardants.
407. The design and operation of rack stacker cranes must comply with the requirements of GOST 28433-90 “Rack stacker cranes. General Specifications”, approved by the Resolution of the USSR State Committee for Product Quality Management and Standardization dated January 29, 1990 No. 99, GOST 12.2.053-91 “Occupational Safety Standards System. Stacker cranes. Safety Requirements”, approved by the Decree of the USSR State Committee for Product Quality Management and Standardization dated March 11, 1991 No. 225 (hereinafter referred to as GOST 12.2.053).
408. A plate is attached to each stacker crane and elevator rack indicating their carrying capacity, maximum dimensions of the transported (stored) cargo, the period of the next technical examination and inventory number.
409. The design of the elevator rack provides for a blocking device that excludes the possibility of turning on the conveyor drive when loading or unloading windows or other shaft openings are open.
Dangerous zones of elevator racks are painted in signal colors and marked with safety signs in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.4.026.
410. Before stacking material assets in racks, their cells are cleaned of dirt, packaging and preservation residues.
It is not allowed to stack material assets on faulty racks and overload the racks.
411. Glass bottles, glass, other large and heavy material values are placed on the lower tiers.
412. Tires of vehicles are stacked on shelves of racks only in a vertical position.
413. Stacking storage is used when storing material assets in bags, bales, rolls, bales, boxes and other containers, pipes of large diameters, rolled steel, long metal, timber and lumber, large-sized reinforced concrete slabs, panels and similar products.
414. The design and operation of overhead stacker cranes used for stacking packaged and long loads must comply with the requirements of GOST 28434-90 “Overhead stacker cranes. General technical conditions”, approved by the Decree of the USSR State Committee for Product Quality Management and Standardization dated January 29, 1990 No. 99, GOST 12.2.053.
415. Storage of material values in a pile is carried out on the floor of a warehouse or in an open area in one or several rows.
In multi-row stacks, it is not allowed to store material assets that have weak packaging that cannot withstand the pressure of the upper rows, packaging and configuration of an irregular shape that does not allow for the stability of the stack.
416. The maximum allowable height of stacks is determined depending on the type of packaging of materials and products, their weight and the conditions of mechanization of loading and unloading operations.
The height of a single-row stack with a width of at least 1 m should not exceed 1.5 m.
417. To ensure the stability of the stack, bags, bales, rolls, bales, boxes and the like are stored on a horizontal platform in such a way that their edges form straight lines. When forming a stack, heavier loads are stored in the lower rows.
It is not allowed to protrude from the stack of parts, edges of material assets and packaging.
418. The distance between stacks must exceed the width of vehicles by at least 0.8 m, and if necessary to ensure oncoming traffic, twice the width of vehicles plus 1.5 m.
419. In order to avoid subsidence and violation of the vertical position of the stack, open areas in winter are preliminarily cleared of debris, ice and snow.
420. Products with protruding sharp edges are stored in a stack or packages so as to exclude the possibility of injury to workers during work.
421. When stacking lengthy and heavy material assets, wooden spacers or racks-stands are used.
422. When forming stacks of boxes, gaps are left between the boxes. Packages from boxes of different sizes are stacked only if the stack is stable and even.
Stacking of loaded flat pallets is allowed up to a height at which the safety of the lower pallet containers is guaranteed.
423. Stacking of round timber in stacks for storage is carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 9014.0-75 "General requirements for the rules for storage of coniferous and hardwood round timber", approved by the Resolution of the State Committee for Standards of the Council of Ministers of the USSR dated November 14, 1975 No. 2911.
424. The formation of stacks of lumber is carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 3808.1-80 “Softwood lumber. Atmospheric drying and storage”, approved by the Decree of the USSR State Committee for Standards dated March 12, 1980 No. 1136, the interstate standard GOST 7319-80 “Lumber and blanks of hardwood. Atmospheric drying and storage”, approved by the Decree of the USSR State Committee for Standards dated March 12, 1980 No. 1137.
425. When forming and dismantling stacks of round timber and sawn timber, the requirements of GOST 12.3.042-88 “System of labor safety standards. Woodworking production. General safety requirements”, approved by the Decree of the USSR State Committee for Standards of December 21, 1988 No. 4391 (hereinafter - GOST 12.3.042).
426. Rolled stock is stored in such a way that the ends of the end sides of the stacks located at the aisles are laid out evenly, regardless of the length of the stacked bars, pipes, and the like. When laying metal in warehouses, a passage with a width of at least 0.7 m is arranged between the end of the stack and the wall.
427. When storing material assets in piles, it is not allowed:
stow and unstack stacks on the site in strong wind (6 points), heavy rain, snowfall and thick fog (visibility less than 50 m);
perform work on two adjacent stacks at the same time;
stand on the edge of the stack or on the ends of the interpacket spacers, use lifting machines to climb up or down the stack.
428. Sloping stacks on the site are only allowed to be dismantled during the daytime in accordance with a previously developed method of conducting work under the direction of a person responsible for the safe execution of loading and unloading operations.
Dismantling of stacks is carried out only from above and evenly along the entire length.
429. Hot-rolled and cold-drawn strips in coils during stack storage are stored on wooden pallets and installed in stacks with a height of not more than 2 m.
430. Wires, cables, rolled wire in coils (coils) are laid on wooden decks in the following order:
430.1. the first coil (first coil) is laid flat, the second coil (second coil) captures half of the first coil (first coil) and assumes an inclined position, and so on;
430.2. after laying one row, the second row is laid on it with the arrangement of bays (skeins) in the opposite direction in the same order. The width of such a stack must be at least 1.5 m.
431. Storage bags are stored on special pallets in sections of three or five bags (triples or fives) in compliance with the order of linking the stacked bags and the perpendicularity of the stack.
432. When forming packages on flat pallets, in order to ensure the stability of the package, the weight of the cargo is distributed symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal and transverse axes of the pallet. The top surface of the package must be flat.
433. Materials in boxes and bags, not formed into packages, are stored in piles in a dressing. For the stability of the stack, slats are laid every 2–3 rows of boxes and boards are laid every 5–6 rows of bags in height.
434. Paper in rolls is stored to a height of no more than three rows with boards between the rows. The end rolls are fixed with stops.
435. For storage in a warehouse, sheet steel of the same grade is stored in stacks with a height of not more than 1 m. In this case, the size of the sheet must be at least 1 m, and the total mass of the stack must not exceed the maximum allowable load on the floor or ceiling.
Large batches of sheet steel of the same grade and size are stored in packages under a canopy or in closed warehouses on wooden beams with wooden or metal spacers between the packages for passing slings between them and special grips for lifting the package.
436. Cylinders with compressed and liquefied gases are fixed and placed so that they are not subjected to mechanical stress. To prevent gas leaks, a plug is placed on the side fitting of the cylinder valve, and safety caps are also installed on cylinders with a volume of 40 liters or more.
437. Cylinders with gases stored in a vertical position are installed in specially equipped nests or protected by barriers to prevent falling. Cylinders with gases that do not have shoes may be stored and stored in a horizontal position on frames or racks made of non-combustible material.
438. Sheet glass is stored in boxes in one row with an edge on the decks.
439. Loose and dusty materials are stored in bunkers, bins, chests, containers, silos, boxes and other closed containers made of mechanically strong materials, protected from corrosion, excluding dusting, ensuring the safety of materials and the possibility of using means of mechanization of loading and unloading operations. .
Bunkers, bins, chests, containers, silos, boxes and other containers for storing loose and dusty materials are equipped with tight-fitting lids.
Bunkers, silos and other containers must have devices for mechanical collapse of arches (hangs) of materials.
Bins, bins, chests and other containers for storing bulk and dust-like materials are marked with an indication of their purpose and maximum allowable load.
440. When storing loose and dusty materials, measures are taken to prevent their dispersion during loading and unloading.
Loading funnels are closed by protective lattices, and hatches in protective lattices are locked.
441. Repair and other work inside silos and bunkers is carried out with a work permit by a team of at least three employees in compliance with the requirements of the Labor Protection Rules when working at height.
Employees inside the bunker (silo) must be provided with safety harnesses, safety ropes (ropes), one end of which is tied to the safety belt, and the other - outside the bunker (silo), protective helmets and respirators.
When performing work, two workers are on the floor of the silo or bunker and supervise the workers performing work in the bunker and, if necessary, provide them with assistance.
442. Temporary storage of material assets is allowed with a height of no more than 1.5 m in specially designated places equipped with racks, racks, containers with the possibility of mechanized movement of materials and products.
When laying material values, side racks, gaskets, linings, supports and similar special devices and devices are installed to prevent their spontaneous movement.
443. When storing raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products at the sites:
443.1. barrels, drums and bottles are installed in groups of no more than 100 pieces in each, with gaps between groups of at least 1 m. Bottles are protected with braid, baskets, wooden crates and the like;
443.2. drums with cable, cable and other large-sized cylindrical objects are reinforced with holding devices (wedges, battens, boards, etc.) to prevent them from rolling out when laying.
444. Storage of steel and cast iron pipes, connecting parts to pipes for storage is carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 10692-80 “Steel, cast iron pipes and connecting parts to them. Marking, packaging, transportation and storage”, approved by the Decree of the USSR State Committee for Product Quality Management and Standards of December 28, 1990 No. 3464.
445. Warehousing and storage of paint and varnish materials are carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 9980.5-86 “Paint and varnish materials. Transportation and storage”, approved by the Decree of the USSR State Committee for Standards dated June 20, 1986 No. 1618.
446. In warehouse buildings, all operations related to opening and minor repairs of containers, packaging of products, preparation of working mixtures are carried out in specially equipped rooms isolated from storage areas.
447. Warehousing and storage of material values, as well as storage of means of mechanization of loading and unloading operations on the ramps of warehouses are not allowed.
Substances, materials and products unloaded onto the ramp, by the end of the work, must be stored in the places intended for their storage.
448. Warehousing and storage of empty containers are carried out on specially designated areas outside the warehouse and production facilities.
The containers are cleaned of combustible residues before being placed in storage.
1. The storage of materials must be carried out in accordance with the storage flow charts, work plans and labor protection instructions.
2. Storage of materials should be carried out only in specially designated places, it is forbidden to block up the approaches to fire fighting equipment, hydrants and exits from the premises.
3. PROHIBITED stack loads on faulty racks and reload racks
4. Warehousing of goods (including at loading and unloading sites and in places of temporary storage) close to the walls of the building, columns and equipment, stack to stack is not allowed.
5. When warehousing goods, measures and means must be provided to ensure the stability of the stowed goods.
6. When forming a stack, it is advisable to stack heavier loads in the lower rows.
7. In case of detection of an incorrectly folded stack, take measures for its disassembly and stacking again with the elimination of the noticed defect.
8. It is allowed to manually correct tilted, unstable loads if this does not endanger the safety of the loader himself and the people working next to him.
9. Sloping stacks may only be dismantled during the daytime, in accordance with a previously developed method of conducting work under the direction of a person responsible for loading and unloading operations.
10. Dismantling of stacks must be done only from above evenly along the entire length. PROHIBITED dismantle the stack by sampling the bottom packages in the layer.
11. It is not allowed to work on two adjacent stacks at the same time.
12. Methods of stowage of goods must ensure the stability of stacks, packages and goods contained in them.; mechanized dismantling of the stack and lifting of cargo by hinged grips of lifting and transport equipment; safety of workers on or near the stack; the possibility of using and normal functioning of protective equipment for workers and fire equipment; circulation of air flows during natural or artificial ventilation of closed warehouses.
13. It is not allowed to find people and move vehicles in the zone of possible fall of goods during loading and unloading from the rolling stock, as well as when moving goods with lifting and transport equipment.
14. Installation of materials should be carried out without leaning (supporting) on products, fences and fencing elements.
15. In open areas in winter, in order to avoid subsidence and violation of the vertical position of the stack, it is necessary to first clean the area from debris and snow.
16. When placing goods (except for bulk goods), measures are taken to prevent them from pinching or freezing to the surface of the site.
17. When placing stacks of goods in warehouses and on sites, the following storage conditions must be observed:
Passages between rows of stacks or racks must be at least 1 m;
Passages between stacks or racks in a row must be at least 0.8 m;
Passage width not less than 3.5 m;
The distance between the wall or column and the load must be at least 1 m;
There must be at least 1 m between the ceiling and the load;
There must be at least 0.5 m between the luminaire and the load (in height).
Passages between stacks, combined with transitions through crane and railway tracks, with a width of at least 2 m.
18. The height of the stack during manual loading should not exceed 3m, when using mechanisms for lifting cargo - 6m.
19. The distance between the rows of stacks should be determined taking into account the possibility of installing containers in a stack, removing containers from a stack with load gripping devices, the means of mechanization used and providing the necessary fire breaks.
20. For the safe movement of hoisting mechanisms when stacking stacks, it is necessary to arrange them in such a way that the distance between the stacks exceeds the width of the loaded transport (forklifts, carts, etc.) by at least 0.8 m, and if necessary, ensure oncoming traffic - transport width plus 1.5 m.
21. The distance from the protruding parts of the crane portal to the load stack must be at least 0.7 m.
22. Cargoes (except for ballast unloaded for track work) with a stack height of up to 1.2 m must be located from the outer edge of the head of the rail of the railway or ground crane track closest to the cargo at a distance of at least 2 m, and with a higher stack height - at least 2.5 m
23. Cargoes stored in bulk should be stacked with a slope corresponding to the angle of repose of the material being stored. Protective grilles should be installed if necessary.
24. Cargoes in containers and in bales are stacked in stable piles, cargoes in bags are stacked in bundles. Each row, increased in height, must be laid with an incursion of 50 cm inward from all sides
25. Loads in torn and defective containers are stacked PROHIBITED.
26. Loads in boxes should be stacked in a bandage.
27. Packages from boxes of different sizes can only be stacked if the stack is stable and even. When unloading or loading boxes manually, in order to avoid injury to the hands, it is necessary to inspect each place in advance, the protruding ends of the iron strapping and protruding nails should be driven in.
28. If you need to remove the box from the top of the stack, you must first make sure that the load lying next to it is in a stable position and cannot fall.
29. It is forbidden to move the load along the horizontal plane, pushing it by the edges.
30. Boxes in closed warehouses are placed ensuring the width of the main aisle is at least 3-5m.
31. Oversized and heavy loads must be placed in one row on linings.
32. PROHIBITED use of linings and gaskets of round section.
33. To service stacks with a height of more than 1.5 m, use portable ladders. Climbing on stacks on protruding products or gaskets is not allowed.
34. The ratio of the height of the stack to the length of the smallest side of the stacked container should not be more than:
For non-separable containers: 6;
For collapsible packaging (assembled): 4.5.
35. The load on the lower container of the stack should not exceed the value specified in the working drawings.
36. Storage of foundation beams is allowed - in a stack, laid in a working position with a parallel arrangement, in each tier at least two beams, the height is not more than two tiers.
37. It is allowed to stack coal products on linings and linings:
Coal blocks - no more than two tiers,
Hearth blocks - no more than four tiers.
38. Cargoes on the territory of the branch of RUS-Engineering LLC in Novokuznetsk must be packed as follows:
Pipes of small diameters (up to 100 mm) and rod fittings - on racks or in inventory metal brackets;
Pipes with a diameter of up to 300 mm - in a stack up to 3 m high on linings and gaskets with end stops;
Pipes with a diameter of more than 300 mm - in a stack up to 3 m high in a saddle without gaskets;
The lower row of pipes must be laid on linings, reinforced with inventory metal shoes or end stops, securely fastened to the linings with bolts;
Cast iron pipes in a stack no more than 1.5 m high, while they are laid alternately along and across, in each row with sockets in opposite directions;
Crossbars, columns - in a stack up to 2 m high;
Crane beams and runs - in a stack, up to 1.2 m high;
Refractories in stock - in bags on pallets - in a stack of no more than two tiers, the height of the stack is not more than 2m; in the workshop for current consumption - on level ground, the height of the stack should not exceed 1.5 m;
Drums with cable, cable and other large-sized cylindrical objects must be reinforced with holding devices (wedges, battens, boards, etc.) to prevent them from rolling out when laying. In this case, loads should only be placed on flat gaskets;
Machine parts with protruding sharp working bodies should be placed in stacks or packages in such a way as to exclude the possibility of injury to people who come into contact with them during operation;
Car and tractor tires should only be placed on racks in a vertical position.
39. Stacks and racks with metal products should be located parallel to the railway tracks or main roads.
40. PROHIBITED store metal-roll and metal structures, blanks in the area of power lines without agreement with the organization operating these lines.
41. Placement of rolled metal in a stack must be carried out on linings previously laid on the floor. Railway sleepers, beams, etc. can be used as linings. Laying metal-roll on the floor of a warehouse or on the ground of a site without lining PROHIBITED.
42. The height of a stack or rack during manual stacking of rolled metal should not exceed 1.5 m. The height of the stack does not exceed 2 m with hook grip and 4 m with automated cargo grip.
43. Laying of rolled products should be done in such a way that the ends of the end sides of the stacks located at the aisles are laid out evenly, regardless of the length of the stacked bars, pipes, etc.
44. The height of a stack or rack during mechanized stacking of rolled metal depends on the allowable load on the floor and the stacking scheme and is determined by a capacity of 20 tons from the condition of ensuring the stability of the stack or rack and the safety of work performed by mechanisms. In this case, special platforms, devices or ladders should be provided that allow the slinger to safely climb to the upper zone of the stack, rack and sling the load without being on the metal.
45. When laying rolled metal in a stack or on a rack, it is necessary to lay metal square strips with a thickness of at least 40 mm between bundles and bundles to enable the slings to be released from under them, as well as to increase the stability of the stored cargo. The ends of the gaskets should not protrude beyond the stack or rack by more than 100 mm.
46. Rolled metal placed on racks should not exceed the maximum allowable load on them. The value of the maximum allowable load on the shelves of the rack is indicated on each rack.
47. To avoid rolled metal PROHIBITED filling the cell above the rack racks.
48. Sections and shapes must be stacked in stacks, Christmas tree or rack racks. Pipes should be stacked in rows separated by spacers.
49. Stacking height of rolled products when stored in Christmas tree racks - up to 4.5 m when stacked by forklifts. Stacking height during storage in rack racks - up to 2 m.
50. Cut-to-length blanks made of sectional and shaped steel, semi-finished products and finished products are placed in containers.
51. Thick steel sheets (steel with a thickness of 4 mm or more) should be laid on edge in racks with support platforms inclined towards the support posts, or flat on wooden linings with a thickness of at least 200 mm.
52. Sheet steel (steel up to 4 mm thick) should be laid flat on wooden pads placed across the stack of sheets. Sheet steel in bundles weighing up to 5 tons is allowed to be stacked on edge in special racks so that bends do not form at the ends.
53. Metal products arriving in coils (steel rope, wire, etc.) must be stored indoors and stacked on a wooden deck on the end in no more than two tiers.
54. Cold-rolled strip is placed on flat wooden pallets in frame racks. The placement is carried out in tiers, and each subsequent tier is shifted relative to the previous one by half the radius of the skein. The third tier is laid in the same way as the first, the fourth - like the second, and so on. Coils in the upper tier are not placed on the extreme places.
55. Coils of rolled wire should be laid on a wooden flooring in bulk with a height of not more than 1.6 m.
56. Electrodes are placed in a dry closed room in their original packaging on pallets in frame racks.
57. Rolled metal (corners, beams, channel bars) must be placed in a dressing that ensures the stability of the stack. They are stacked shelf on shelf or with their edges on the neck of the underlying row. Put the first row on wooden linings with the edges of the shelves down, the second row with the edges of the shelves on the necks of the first row of beams (channels), the subsequent rows are performed similarly with dressing the edges of the shelves.
58. To give the stack greater stability and the possibility of its quick disassembly, cross spacers are installed after 5-6 rows in height. The distances between them are assigned from the conditions that exclude the appearance of residual deflections of rolled metal.
Similar information.
