Steam boilers of the ke series. More about mass flow

The Viessmann low-pressure steam boiler with a capacity of 25 t/h can be used in thermal power plants as a backup source of steam.

Fuel

Given the characteristics of natural gas:

CH4 - 98%
C2H6 - 0.72%
C3H8 - 0.23%
C4H10 - 0.10%
N2 - 0.79%
O2 - 0.00%
CO2 - 0.06%
other - 0.02%

Fuel gas consumption for the backup boiler - 1936 Nm3/h

Operating overpressure 300 kPa

Oil

Fuel oil consumption - 1236 kg / h

Operating overpressure of oil in front of the burner 400 - 500 kPa

Ambient temperature 5-35 C

Main characteristics of the boiler

Parameter	Value
Nominal steam output of the gas-fired boiler	25 t/h
Nominal steam output of the oil-fired boiler	18 t/h
Length	8670 mm
Height	4450 mm
Width	4000 mm
total weight	50 000 kg
Overpressure, no more	1.0 MPa
Test overpressure, no more	1.65 MPa
Rated steam pressure	0.8 MPa
Nominal steam temperature	170°C
Inlet water temperature	102°C
Fuel	natural gas/fuel oil
Boiler efficiency in the regulation range (natural gas)	not less than 90±1%
Boiler efficiency in the regulation range (fuel oil)	not less than 90±1%
Natural gas consumption at rated power	1936 Nm3/h
Fuel oil consumption at rated power	1239 kg/h
Emissions
Natural gas NOx	no more than 100 mg/Nm3
Natural gas CO	no more than 100 mg/Nm3
Natural gas solid waste content	no more than 5 mg/Nm3
Fuel oil NOx	no more than 500 mg/Nm3
Fuel oil CO	no more than 100 mg/Nm3
Fuel oil solid waste content	no more than 100 mg/Nm3

The specified waste values refer to dry flue gases, pressure 101 325 Pa, temperature 0°C and O 2 content 3 % by volume.

Description of the Viessmann boiler

Steel three-way boiler with a cylindrical combustion chamber and controlled convection heated panels.

The boiler is designed with wide water walls and a large pitch between the flame tubes in order to ensure safety during operation.

The design of the boiler takes into account a large water volume, a large steam space and a large evaporation surface area, as well as a built-in droplet separator to improve the quality of the steam. Losses as a result of radiation are not great, this is achieved due to water cooling of the rotary chambers of the wall without lining.

The boiler is placed on longitudinal profiles, which are installed on a concrete foundation. Noise insulation is installed between the profile supports and the foundation. The boiler is manufactured and tested in accordance with Instruction TRD 604. After 1 year of operation, it is necessary to carry out an internal control of the boiler.

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To ensure safety, the boiler room must be ventilated. The minimum opening for ventilation must be 150 cm 2 in diameter, in addition, for each kW of rated power exceeding 50 kW, it is necessary to provide an increase in the diameter of the opening by 2 cm 2, while the air flow rate must be 0.5 m / s.

Shut-off valves with actuators on the steam line are included in the delivery of the boiler.

In order to prevent an unacceptable increase in pressure, the boiler is equipped with a safety valve. Sludge removal is carried out periodically in automatic mode.

Alkalinization takes place continuously, provided by a control valve with a servomotor, which is regulated depending on the conductivity level of the water in the boiler.

The boiler body is insulated with 120 mm thick continuous insulation.

Exploitation

The first start-up of the boiler is carried out by a service organization or a person authorized by it. The setting of the values must be reflected in the measurement protocol and confirmed at the manufacturer's plant and with the future customer. The boiler can be operated without the constant presence of personnel.

The reserve boiler must be mothballed, like a boiler that has been taken out of service for a long period.

When the boiler is idle for a long time, it is necessary to carefully clean its surface from the flue gas side. Then preserve the surfaces with preservative oil mixed with graphite.

From the water side, it is recommended to fill the boiler with water purified from gas impurities, with a low salt content and the addition of additives to combine with oxygen. After that, it is necessary to close the shut-off device on the steam side. The concentration of oxygen sorbents must be monitored at least once a year, and more if necessary.

It is necessary to inspect annually from the outside, and every three years to carry out control of its internal parts. Every nine years it is necessary to carry out hydraulic strength tests. Once every six months, check all safety and regulation equipment.

Technical equipment of the boiler

The boiler also includes:

pressure regulator with a range of 0 - 1.6 MPa
safety valve, DN100/150 in angle version with a response pressure of 1.0 MPa with a throughput of 29.15 t/h.
feed pump, high pressure centrifugal pump GRUNDFOS type CR 32-8K with electric motor. Water consumption 28.8 m3/h, lifting height 107 m. Minimum head height 4.5 m. Feed water temperature not more than 105 °C. Electric motor power 15 kW.
check valve DN 80, PN16
water gauge PN 40 with holder, two shut-off valves and one release valve
boiler level controller. A level regulator is integrated in the electrical switchboard of the Viessmann-Control boiler for continuous adjustment of the boiler feed water with a maximum level limitation and a level switch to limit the minimum water level in the boiler.
shut-off steam valve DN 300, PN 16
feed water shut-off valve DN 80, PN16
feed water control valve
automatic desalination equipment, consisting of a conductivity electrode, a sampling valve and a desalination controller.
manometer for measuring pressure with a range of 0 - 1.6 MPa
a cooler for selected steam samples with an overpressure of not more than 2.8 MPa with a test sample valve and a valve for sample cooling.
pressure limiter in the range of 0 - 1.6 MPa
air vent DN 15, PN 16

Read also: double-circuit flue gas waste heat boiler

Feed water

Boiler feed water parameters:

Water should be colorless, clean, free of soluble substances

burner

WEISHAUPT double gas burner with O2 control for burning oil according to DIN 51603 or gas according to DVGW worksheet G 260. The burner works according to the rotary atomization principle for high-intensity fuels.

Weishaupt industrial combi burner type WKGMS 80/3-A, ZM-NR with reduced NOx and CO emissions. Version with separate fan, light alloy burner body with sectional air damper. Power regulation is two-stage, sliding when using a step controller and smooth when using a step power controller.

Electronic general regulation of combustion gas-air with separate servomotors and automatic control of the tightness of the gas fittings are integrated into the digital burner control unit. The microprocessor-controlled digital automation of the W-FM 100 burner is designed to control and monitor all burner functions.

The dual fuel gas/oil burner must be tested in accordance with the instructions for gas and oil burners. The oil burner must be tested and marked in accordance with EN 267 and TRD 411. The gas burner must be tested in accordance with EN 676 and marked in accordance with regulation 90/396/EWG with the CE designation and TRD 412.

The connection of the burner to the boiler will be carried out at the factory.

The oil or gas flow setting must be such that the maximum heat output of the boiler is not exceeded.

air fan

Combustion air is equipped with an air fan with a silencer, a fan-air duct compensator, a protective mesh on the suction side. The fan is installed in an anti-noise box, which reduces the overall noise from the fan to 80 dB. The air duct is laid to the burner through the channel. An integral part of the burner is a control valve connected to the burner inlet flange.

Steam boilers stationary type KE (E) with natural circulation, steam capacity 2.5; 4.0; 6.5; ten; 25 t / h with an absolute steam pressure of 1.3 MPa (13.0 kgf / cm 2); 2.3 MPa (23.0 kgf / m 2).

KE (E) boilers are solid fuel boilers designed to generate saturated steam or superheated steam by burning hard and brown coal for the technological needs of industrial enterprises, in heating, ventilation and hot water supply systems. They are made both with sheathing and insulation, and without them (as agreed).

Symbols for steam boilers

Deciphering the name of the boilers using the example of KE-6.5-14-225SO
KE (E) - boiler type;
6.5 - steam capacity (in t / h);
14 - absolute vapor pressure (in kgf / cm 2);
225 - superheated steam temperature (if superheated steam is required);
CO - layered furnace (solid fuel) in the casing.

KE 6.5-14SO (E-6.5-1.4R) - steam boiler steam capacity 6.5 t/h, absolute pressure 1.4 MPa (14 kgf/cm 2) for the production of saturated steam in sheathing and insulation;
KE 6.5-14S (E-6.5-1.4R) - a boiler with a steam capacity of 6.5 t / h, an absolute pressure of 1.4 MPa (14 kgf / cm 2) for the production of saturated steam without casing and insulation ( by agreement);
KE 6.5-14-225SO
(E-6.5-1.4-225R) - a boiler with a steam steam capacity of 6.5 t / h, an absolute pressure of 1.4 MPa (14 kgf / cm 2) for the production of superheated steam in the casing and insulation;
KE 6.5-14-225C (E-6.5-1.4-225R) - steam boiler steam capacity 6.5 t/h, absolute pressure 1.4 MPa (14 kgf/cm2) for the production of superheated steam without sheathing and insulation (as agreed).

The characteristics of the boiler correspond to the normative ones in the case of a feed water temperature of 100°С ± 10°С, during combustion
hard and brown coals with characteristics corresponding to state standards for coals for layered combustion, with a maximum lump size of up to 50 mm, with a content of coal particles up to 6 mm in size not more than 60% and a content of dust fractions up to 0.09 mm - not more than 2, 5%.

The design and principle of operation of the KE steam boiler

Boiler plant based on boiler type KE (E) consists of a boiler block, a combustion device, an economizer, fittings, a headset, a device for supplying air to the furnace, and a device for removing exhaust gases.

The combustion chamber is formed by side screens, front and rear walls. The combustion chamber of boilers with a steam capacity of 2.5 to 10 t/h is divided by a brick wall into a furnace and an afterburner, which makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the boiler by reducing mechanical underburning.

The boilers use a single-stage evaporation scheme (evaporation mirror in the upper drum of the boiler). The water circulates as follows: heated feed water is supplied to the upper drum under the water level through a perforated pipe. Water enters the lower drum through the rear heated pipes of the boiler bundle. The front part of the beam (from the front of the boiler) is lifting. From the lower drum, water enters the chambers of the left and right screens through bypass pipes. The screens are also fed from the upper drum through drop risers located at the front of the boiler. Through the screen pipes, the steam-water mixture naturally rises to the upper
drum.

Each steam boiler type KE with steam capacity from 2.5 to 10 t/h is equipped with instrumentation and fittings, equipped with two safety valves.

The following fittings are installed on the upper drum of the boiler: the main steam valve (for boilers without a superheater), valves for steam sampling, as well as steam sampling for own needs, a pressure gauge. Shut-off valves are installed on the elbow for draining water and on the periodic blowdown lines from all lower chambers of the screens. Check valves and shut-off valves are installed on the feed pipelines before the economizer; Before the non-return valve, there is a supply control valve, which is connected to the actuator of the boiler automation.

The KE boiler is equipped with ladders and platforms for ease of maintenance, a system for returning and carrying away unburned fuel residues.

Main technical characteristics and parameters:

	KE 2.5-1.4R (KE 2.5-14SO)
Steam capacity, t/h (kg/s)	2,5 (0,69)
	1,4 (14)
	194
	100
	292,5
Efficiency of hard coal (lignite),%, at least	81,5 (80,0)
	1173 (117,3)
Aerodynamic drag	400 (40)
more	1,1
less	4000
and economizer (m 2): - radiation - convective Economizer
Full assigned service life, years, not less	20
The duration of the boiler start-up from a cold state to a set of rated load, h, no more	1,5
— heating surfaces - other elements working under pressure
Overall dimensions, mm: frame beams and lining walls
Overall dimensions, mm: - length over protruding parts sites sites - height from the floor level of the boiler room
	12546
	5150

* — the mandatory package of the boiler includes the boiler block in sheathing and insulation (assembly or in bulk), composite and mounting parts, components (fittings, instrumentation devices, entrainment return fan VVU 4.3/3000).

Main technical characteristics and parameters:

	KE 4-14SO	KE 6.5-14SO	KE 10-14SO	KE 6.5-24SO	KE 10-24SO
Steam capacity, t/h	4,0	6,5	10,0	6,5	10,0
Absolute pressure, MPa (kgf / cm 2)	1,4 (14)	1,4 (14)	1,4 (14)	2,4 (24)	2,4 (24)
Saturated steam temperature, °C	194	194	194	220	220
Feed water temperature, °C	100	100	100	100	100
Estimated fuel consumption *, kg/h	458	760,5	1140	760,5	1140
Efficiency on coal (lignite), %, not less	80,4 (80,4)	80,4 (80,4)	85,4 (82,4)	80,4 (80,4)	85,4 (82,4)
Aerodynamic drag gas path, Pa (kgf / cm 2), no more	1287 (128,7)	1303 (130,3)	1406 (140,6)	1303 (130,3)	1406 (140,6)
Aerodynamic drag air path, Pa (kgf / cm 2), no more	500 (50)	500 (50)	800 (80)	500 (50)	800 (80)
Excess air coefficient, not more	1,1	1,1	1,1	1,1	1,1
Mean time between failures, h, not less	3500	3500	3500	3500	3500
Boiler heating surface area and economizer (m 2): - radiation - convective Economizer
Full designated service life, years, not less	20	20	20	20	20
Boiler startup time from cold state up to rated load, h, no more	1,5	1,5	1,5	1,5	1,5
Estimated resource, number of hours: — heating surfaces - other elements working under pressure
Overall dimensions, mm: - length along the outer surface frame beams and lining walls - width on the outer surface frame beams and lining walls - height from the floor level of the boiler room to the nozzles on the upper drum
Overall dimensions, mm: - length over protruding parts sites - width over protruding parts sites - height from the floor level of the boiler room to the protruding parts of the site fence
Mass of the boiler in the scope of delivery, kg	14510	15752	18853	18110	21628
Mass of metal under pressure, kg	6368	8306	10433,5	10810	13096,5

* – design fuel: coal Q i = 20.0 MJ/kg (4773.3 kcal/kg) / brown coal Q i = 14.0 MJ/kg (2625 kcal/kg)

Complete set (not included in the price of the boiler)

	KE 4-14SO	KE 6.5-14SO	KE 10-14SO	KE 6.5-24SO	KE 10-24SO
Firebox	TLZM 2-1.87/3.0	TLZM 2-1.87/3.0	TLZM 2-1.87/3.0	TLZM 2-2.7/3.0	TLZM 2-2.7/3.0
Fan	VDN-9-1000, 11 kW	VDN-9-1000, 11 kW	VDN-9-1000, 11 kW	VDN-10-1000, 11 kW	VDN-10-1000, 11 kW
smoke exhauster	DN-9-1500, 11 kW	DN-9-1500, 11 kW	DN-9-1500, 11 kW	DN-10-1500, 30 kW	DN-10-1500, 30 kW
Economizer	EB 2-142	EB 2-236	EB 2-236	EB 1-330	EB 1-330
Cyclone	BC-2-4x(3+2)	BC-2-5x(4+2)	BC-2-6x(4+2)	BC-2-5x(4+2)	BC-2-6x(4+2)

G.V. Maslovsky, manager-consultant,
CJSC "Energomash (Belgorod)", Belgorod

Today, some enterprises prefer to use steam boilers with a unit capacity of up to 25 t/h inclusive, where it was previously planned to place boilers with a capacity of 35 or 50 t/h with the same total installed capacity. At the same time, as calculations show, installation costs are sharply reduced (almost 3 times) at almost the same or even lower total cost of boiler equipment, and the efficiency of managing the available power is also improved.

Description and features of the basic design of the boiler

In 1995, a fundamentally new basic model of a transportable boiler block of a gas-oil boiler BEM-25/1.4-225GM was created (Fig. 1, 2). The boiler was designed for use as a start-up boiler for the North-Western CHPP in St. Petersburg. This is a water-tube, natural-circulation, two-drum boiler with a horizontal flame development in a fully screened furnace and a convective gas duct adjacent to the furnace, where the boiler (evaporation) bundles and (if necessary, steam overheating) a superheater are located.

What is new in this design is, first of all, a closer approximation of the outer outlines of the cross section of the main boiler unit (MBK) to the standard main transportable gauge of the railway due to the configuration of the cross section, which makes it possible to place during transportation (Fig. 3) the center of the upper drum of the block in the area the bisector of one of the upper obtuse angles of this dimension, and the lower drum - in the region of the opposite lower right angle.

Structurally, this leads to the fact that the vertical axis, which connects the upper and lower drums in working condition, acquires an inclined position at an angle of more than 15 ° to the vertical during transportation. As a result of this, sections of pipes that are horizontal during transportation, for example, side screens of the furnace in working condition, are located in space at rather steep angles, which ensures their reliable operation, because the conditions for stratification of the steam-water mixture during the operation of these pipes as evaporative ones are excluded.

Another important difference is that the combustion chamber is made with a fence of all walls made of all-welded screens, and they are closed not on drums, but on lower and upper collectors, in turn connected by short pipes with the corresponding drums. Such solutions have a number of advantages both in terms of manufacturing and operation. Autonomous (structurally) furnace can be manufactured separately on a parallel section of the shop, which expands the scope of work. The absence of sections of drums heated by flue gases increases the reliability of the boiler. Full gas tightness reduces suction, therefore, the efficiency of the boiler increases and prerequisites are created for more stringent control over maintaining the optimal excess air ratio throughout the entire gas path of the boiler, which, in turn, affects both the efficiency and the formation of harmful emissions. The possibility of operation of the boiler under pressurization is also provided.

As noted above, all sections of the pipes shielding the furnace are located in space at an angle of at least 15 °, so there is no massive brickwork on the furnace bottom in the furnace, which is typical for other boilers of this type. At the same time, fireclay bricks are not only saved, but conditions are also created for more intensive cooling of the torch, because. 20% of the furnace heating surface is not excluded from heat exchange. In turn, in the new block, the surface of the ray-perceiving walls of the furnace is structurally more than 30% higher than in similar boilers also due to the fact that the drums are completely removed from the furnace, which also has a beneficial effect on the combustion process and heat absorption in the furnace. Due to the wider firebox, the likelihood of fuel oil particles being thrown onto its side walls has decreased.

The main design solutions of the basic model of the boiler are protected by RF patents (“Boiler” RU 2096680, “Spacer” RU 2132511).

Boilers of this type do not provide for the installation of an air heater in order to avoid excessive formation of NOx during the combustion of natural gas, therefore, when burning fuel oil, it is recommended to complete the boiler with a small air heater, which would provide air heating up to 60 ^ 100 ° С.

It is assumed that there are specific versions of standard sizes depending on the parameters of steam, combustion of one or two types of fuel, open or closed layout of the boiler, the selected type of economizer and its geographical location in relation to the main block of the boiler.

The horizontal convective flue has a common (separating) side inner wall with the furnace - an all-welded tubular evaporative screen. This flue contains evaporative boiler bundles closed on drums and (if necessary) a superheater. In the case when the nominal steam heating is about 30 ° C, the outer side wall is used as a superheater - a tubular all-welded screen, which in this case is made in such a way as to ensure the minimum temperature difference in the pipes of this screen along the depth of the gas duct. If higher superheating of the steam is required (up to 440 °C), the superheater is made in the form of a convective surface from one or two packages. In this case, the coils are located in horizontal planes to ensure complete drainage of the superheater. The outer side wall in this case performs the functions of an evaporative heating surface. The same sidewall solution applies to boilers designed to produce saturated steam only.

At intermediate values of the required steam superheat (up to 310 ° C), the superheater is made in the form of drained convective screens.

The steam temperature is controlled by bypassing part of the gas flow above or below the superheater stack through a special channel, at the outlet of which a special rotary damper is placed. The damper and the dividing wall between this channel and the superheater are made of high-alloy steel. The collectors located in the gas duct are protected from the direct thermal effect of the gas flow by insulation, closed from the outside by a dense metal case, also made of high-alloy steel. From the front of the boiler in the center of the end screen, one oil-gas burner of the corresponding heat output is installed.

Combustion products, due to the absence of a massive lining in the furnace, due to moderate thermal stresses of the section and volume of the furnace, which is long enough for the horizontal development of the flame, approach the festoon cooled to a temperature of about 1000-1100 ° C, unfold in the festoon, which ends the dividing wall, and enter into a convective flue. The scallop is given a special aerodynamic shape, characteristic of the guide vane apparatus, and the pipes in the first boiler bundle are arranged in such a way that the velocity and temperature fields in the cross section of the gas duct in front of the superheater are brought to the most uniform state. This should minimize the presence of temperature sweeps in the outlet package of the superheater, increasing its service life.

The service life of the superheater also largely depends on the quality of the steam. Structurally, in the boilers under consideration, the intensity of the evaporation mirror in the upper drum is small, however, a special intra-drum device is installed there. Depending on the pressure in the boiler, this device is different, but the common thing is that everywhere there are two stages of evaporation, and the rear part of the furnace, the scallop and the initial section of the convective gas duct adjacent to the rarefied convective beam are allocated to the salt compartment. The steam from the salt compartment enters the clean compartment of the upper drum, after mixing with the steam from the clean compartment, it enters the horizontal saturated steam collector. Next, the steam is sent, depending on the specific modification, to the superheater or directly to the outlet manifold.

With a wall-mounted superheater, steam enters the upper inlet manifold of the superheater. From this collector, steam enters the lower outlet collector of the superheater in parallel pipes. The total flow area of the pipes of the wall-mounted superheater, located in the hotter zone in terms of gases, is significantly higher compared to the rest. This achieves a more uniform steam superheat temperature within the entire side wall of the convective flue. From the end of the lower header, the steam enters the superheated steam header, which is installed by the operating organization in a place convenient for maintenance.

In the presence of a convective superheater, steam from a horizontal saturated steam collector (SSH) initially enters the inlet header of the superheater located in a plane perpendicular to the SHS axis. After passing through the coils, the steam eventually enters the outlet header, from which it is directed to the superheated steam header located outside the boiler.

Boiler bundles (one or more) are located behind the superheater, where gases at nominal load are cooled to a temperature of 300 ^ 400 ° C (depending on modification).

The gases after the OBK are sent to a stand-alone non-switchable economizer installed in a place convenient for maintenance. The economizer can be made of steel finned tubes or cast iron, also finned, VTI design. For boilers with a capacity of 16 t/h or less, intended for operation

only for gas fuel, there is a version of the boiler with the economizer placed within the transportable OBK.

Cast iron economizers are used when burning fuel oil in a boiler and at a steam pressure at the outlet of the boiler that does not exceed 24 kgf / cm 2. In other cases, a steel economizer is used, but when burning fuel oil, the step between the fins is 1.5 times larger than when the boiler is operating exclusively on gas. The economizer can also be made of smooth pipes with their in-line arrangement in the downcomer duct.

The boiler, which provides for the combustion of fuel oil, is equipped with stationary gas-pulse cleaning, which includes compact combustion chambers, a connecting fuel line, fittings and automation. Alternatively, a shock wave generator can also be used to clean the heating surfaces.

In order to confirm the foregoing, we present excerpts from reviews on the experience of operating BEM series boilers by several organizations.

A.V. Batselev, Chief Engineer, Mozyr Oil Refinery JSC, Mozyr, Gomel Region, Republic of Belarus.

The BEM-25/4.0-380GM boiler has been in commercial operation at Mozyr Oil Refinery OJSC since the beginning of 1999. The boiler operates on fuel gas (at many refineries, this gas is burned on a candle, which leads not only to economic losses, but and causes irreparable environmental damage - ed.). Superheated steam temperature regulation by a gas damper, bypassing part of the gases through a parallel gas duct, is usually used when firing up the boiler. The use of a gate allows you to adjust the steam temperature within 7-9% (30-35 ° C). We note the ease of maintenance of the boiler, a wide range of load regulation, reliability and environmental performance within acceptable limits. Specifications for this type of fuel are confirmed.

S.L. Kryachek, chief engineer of the plant, Angarsk Petrochemical Company, Angarsk, Irkutsk region.

The BEM-25/1.6-270GM steam boiler has been operating at JSC "Angarsk Petrochemical Company" since 2002. Gas of variable composition is used as fuel, produced at the plants of the plant with a calorific value of 500011000 kcal/m 3 (hydrogen content in the fuel gas is up to 70 %).

During the period of operation, this boiler has proven itself positively. Despite significant fluctuations in the composition of the fuel gas, the boiler consistently provides the design capacity of 25 t/h (the maximum productivity of the boiler reached 27 t/h) and superheated steam temperature. No works on repair of evaporative surfaces were carried out during the period of operation.

P.T. Zayats, Chief Power Engineer, VOAO Khimprom, Volgograd.

VOAO Khimprom operates two BEM-25/4.0-380GM steam boilers (one - from August 1, 2001; the second - from August 9, 2002) running on natural gas.

During operation, they showed high economic efficiency and payback (on average, about a year). The steam production process is easily controlled due to the use of a special program embedded in the automatic control system, which reliably and safely starts, regulates the steam production process, and selects the most economical mode for steam production and natural gas consumption.

Boilers of this type are dynamic in operation, stably keep their parameters, and are not amenable to random technological disturbances. Boiler maintenance is easily accessible.

AI Sinyakov, Chief Power Engineer, JSC "Berezniki Soda Plant", Berezniki, Perm Territory.

Three boilers BEM 25 / 1.6-310G, operated since September 2003, have proven themselves from the best side. The actual thermal performance and efficiency of the boilers are higher than the passport ones, low specific fuel consumption for the supplied thermal energy.

The only circumstance that prevented the commissioning of the boilers was the increased temperature of the superheated steam (up to 400 ° C), which could not be reduced during the regime and adjustment work without reducing the steam output of the boilers. We purchased and installed steam coolers, which made it possible to regulate the steam temperature in the required range.

V.G. Ivanova, chief engineer, N.G. Borovskoy, head of the thermal power plant, Rzhevsky Sakharnik OJSC, p. Rzhevka, Shebekinsky district, Belgorod region

Boiler BEM-25/2.4-380GM has been operating at the CHPP of OAO Rzhevsky Sakharnik for more than 7 years. Having carried out a comparative analysis of steam boilers DE-25/2.4-380GM and BEM-25/2.4-380GM, we obtained the following data.

1. Boiler DE-25/2.4-380GM:

■ at maximum load does not produce the calculated amount of steam - instead of 25 t/h, the steam capacity is 17-18 t/h;

■ does not have an emergency discharge of water from the upper drum when the level rises;

■ less gas-tight boiler and water economizer;

■ the boiler furnace does not have safety explosion valves for safer operation of the boiler and maintenance personnel.

2. Boiler BEM-25/2.4-380GM:

■ has a smaller water economizer;

■ easier adjustment of the superheated steam temperature by a damper on the bypass gas duct;

■ has two explosion valves in the boiler furnace;

■ has a gas-tight boiler and a water economizer; during operation, the amount of air supply for combustion is significantly reduced, and therefore electricity is saved on the fan and smoke exhauster;

■ at maximum load it can produce up to 30 t/h (steam).

Steam boilers of the KE type with a capacity of 2.5 to 10 t/h with layered mechanical furnaces are designed to generate saturated or superheated steam for the technological needs of industrial enterprises, for heating, ventilation and hot water supply systems.
The main elements of KE type boilers are: upper and lower drums with an inner diameter of 1000 mm, left and right side screens and a convective bundle made of pipes D 51 x 2.5 mm. The combustion chamber is formed by side screens, front and rear walls.
The combustion chamber of boilers with a steam capacity of 2.5 to 10 t/h is divided by a brick wall into its own furnace with a depth of 1605 - 2105 mm and an afterburner with a depth of 360 - 745 mm, which improves the efficiency of the boiler by reducing mechanical underburning. The inlet of gases from the furnace into the afterburner and the outlet of gases from the boiler are asymmetric. The floor of the afterburner chamber is inclined in such a way that the bulk of the pieces of fuel falling into the chamber roll onto the grate.
The pipes of the convective bundle, flared in the upper and lower drums, are installed with a pitch of 90 mm along the drum, in cross section - with a pitch of 110 mm (except for the middle row of pipes, the pitch of which is 120 mm; the width of the side sinuses is 197 - 387 mm). By installing one fireclay partition separating the afterburning chamber from the bundle, and one cast-iron partition forming two gas ducts, a horizontal reversal of gases is created in the bundles during the transverse washing of the pipes.

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Solid fuel steam boiler KE-25-14S (KE-25-14-225 C)* is a natural circulation boiler with layered mechanical furnaces designed to generate saturated or superheated steam used for technological needs of industrial enterprises, in heating, ventilation and hot water supply. Boilers are double-drum, vertically-water-tube boilers with natural circulation, with a shielded combustion chamber and a convective beam, supplied in one transportable unit (boiler unit with or without sheathing and insulation), complete with instrumentation, fittings and fittings within the boiler, stairs and platforms, superheater (at the request of the Customer). Insulating and lining materials are not included in the scope of supply.

Explanation of the name of the boiler KE-25-14 C (KE-25-14-225 C) *:
KE - type of boiler (boiler with natural circulation), 25 - steam capacity (t / h), 14 - absolute steam pressure (kgf / cm 2), 225 - superheated steam temperature, ° С (in the absence of a figure - saturated steam), C – method of fuel combustion (stratified combustion), O – boiler supplied in casing and insulation.

Boiler price: 11,516,800 rubles, 12,036,000 rubles (4*)