Plinth cladding finishing options. How to veneer and finish the basement of the house - a description of the possible materials and the technology of work for plaster. The procedure for finishing the basement of the house

Basement cladding performs an important function - protecting the foundation of the house. In addition, being part of the facade, it has a decorative value. How to arrange the base and what materials to use for this?

Peculiarities

The basement of the building, that is, the protruding part of the foundation in contact with the facade, provides protection and increases the thermal efficiency of the building. At the same time, it is subjected to increased mechanical stress, more than others it is exposed to moisture and chemical reagents. In winter, the basement freezes, as a result of which it can collapse.

All this necessitates the protection of the plinth, for which special heat and waterproofing materials are used, a more reliable finish.

We must not forget that this part of the house is a continuation of the facade, so it is important to take care of the aesthetic appeal of finishing materials for the basement.

Among the main technical requirements for basement materials, there are:

High moisture resistance- it is important that moisture from the outer surface of the base does not penetrate through the thickness of the finish. Otherwise, it will lose its attractive appearance and lose its performance. There will be a wetting of the insulation (if any), the surfaces of the basement. As a result - a decrease in the thermal efficiency of the building, an increase in air humidity, the appearance of an unpleasant musty smell, mold inside and outside the building, the destruction of not only the basement, but also the facade, flooring.

Depends on moisture resistance frost resistance tiles. It should be at least 150 freezing cycles.
Mechanical strength- the plinth experiences loads more than other parts of the facade, including mechanical damage. On how durable the tile is, its durability and the safety of the plinth surfaces depend. The load of the wall panels is transferred not only to the plinth, but also to its finishing materials. It is clear that with insufficient strength of the latter, they will not be able to evenly distribute the load over the foundation and protect it from excessive pressure.
Temperature resistance- cracking of the material during temperature fluctuations is unacceptable. Even the slightest crack on the surface causes a decrease in the wet strength of the facing product, and, as a result, frost resistance. Water molecules that have fallen into cracks under the influence of negative temperatures turn into ice floes that literally tear the material apart from the inside.

Some types of tiles tend to expand slightly under the influence of temperature fluctuations. This is considered the norm (for example, for clinker tiles). To avoid deformation of the tiles and their cracking allows the preservation of the inter-tile gap during installation.

As for the criterion of aesthetics, it is individual for each buyer. Naturally, the material for the plinth should be attractive, combined with the rest of the facade and exterior elements.

Why is it necessary?

Finishing the basement of the building allows you to solve several problems:

Plinth and foundation protection from the negative effects of moisture, high and low temperatures and other negative natural factors that reduce strength, and therefore reduce the durability of the surface.
Contamination protection, which represent not only an aesthetic problem, as it might seem at first glance. The composition of the dirt contains aggressive components, for example, road reagents. With prolonged exposure, they can damage even such a reliable material as concrete, causing erosion on the surface.

Increasing the biostability of the foundation- modern facade materials prevent damage to the foundation by rodents, prevent the appearance of fungus or mold on the surface.
Foundation insulation, which helps to increase the thermal efficiency of the building, and also helps to maintain the integrity of the material. It is known that with a significant decrease in temperature, erosion forms on the concrete surface.
Finally, finishing the plinth element has a decorative value. With the help of this or that material, it is possible to transform the house, to achieve its maximum compliance with a certain style.

The use of tiles, as well as brick or stone surfaces, allows you to give the building a cost-effective look, add sophistication.

Varieties of basement structures

In relation to the surface of the facade, the plinth can be:

speaking(that is, slightly protruding forward compared to the wall);
sinking relative to the facade (in this case, the facade is already moving forward);
flush with façade.

Most often you can find a protruding base. It is usually arranged in buildings with thin walls, equipped with a warm basement. The base in this case plays an important thermal insulation role.

If in a similar building the plinth is made flush with the facade, then increased humidity in the basement cannot be avoided, which means dampness inside the building. When performing thermal insulation of such a base, you will have to face the difficulties of choosing and installing a heater.

Socles of the sinking type are usually organized in buildings that do not have a basement. They are better than others protected from the negative effects of the environment. The basement lining will perform the supporting function. With this system, it is easiest to perform high-quality multi-layer hydro- and thermal insulation.

Features of the base depend on the type of foundation.

So, the plinth on the strip foundation performs a bearing function, and for a pile-screw foundation, it performs a protective one. For a basement on piles, a sinking-type basement is usually organized. It is suitable for both wooden and brick houses that do not have a warm underground.

materials

There are many types of materials for the design of the basement. The most common are the following:

Clinker tiles

It is an environmentally friendly material based on clay, subjected to molding or extrusion and high-temperature firing. The result is a reliable, heat-resistant, moisture-resistant material (moisture absorption coefficient is only 2-3%).

It is characterized by durability (minimum service life of 50 years), chemical inertness, and wear resistance. The front side imitates brickwork (from smooth, corrugated or aged bricks) or various stone surfaces (wild and processed stone).

The material does not have low thermal conductivity, so it is recommended to use it together with insulation or use clinker panels with clinker.

The latter are standard tiles with a polyurethane or mineral wool insulation fixed on the underside of the material. The thickness of the layer of the latter is 30-100 mm.

The disadvantage is the rather large weight and high cost (although this finishing option will be more cost-effective compared to clinker bricks). Despite the high strength indicators (which is equal to M 400 on average, and the maximum is M 800), loose tiles are extremely fragile. This must be taken into account during transport and installation.

Wet clinker is mounted(that is, on a wall or a solid crate with glue) or dry(assumes fastening to a metal frame by means of bolts or self-tapping screws). When fastening with the second method (it is also called a hinged facade system), a ventilated facade is usually arranged. A mineral wool insulation is laid between the wall and the cladding.

If thermal panels are used, there is no need for an insulating layer.

Brick

When finishing with a brick, it is possible to achieve reliability and high-quality moisture protection of surfaces. The advantage is the versatility of the finish. It is suitable for any type of base, and also has a wide selection of facing bricks (ceramic, hollow, slotted and hyper-pressed variations).

If the plinth itself is made of red baked brick, then it performs 2 functions at once - protective and aesthetic, that is, it does not need to be lined.

In view of the rather large weight, brick facing masonry requires the organization of a foundation for it.

The organization of masonry requires certain professional skills, and the type of finish itself is one of the most expensive. Such cladding will cost more than using clinker tiles.

A natural stone

Finishing the plinth with natural stone will ensure its strength, resistance to mechanical damage and shock, and moisture resistance. All this guarantees the durability of the material.

For decoration, granite, gravel, dolomite versions of the stone are usually used. They will provide maximum strength to the considered part of the facade.

Marble cladding will allow you to get the most durable, but very expensive surface.

From the point of view of convenience, flagstone cladding should be preferred. The latter combines different types of materials characterized by a flat, tile-like shape and a small (up to 5 cm) thickness.

The large weight of natural stone complicates the process of its transportation and installation and requires mandatory additional reinforcement of the base. The complexity of finishing and high cost cause a high price for the material.

The stone is fixed on a pre-primed surface, the material is fixed with a frost-resistant cement mortar. After hardening, all seams are treated with hydrophobic grout.

Fake diamond

These shortcomings of natural stone prompted technologists to create a material that has the advantages of natural stone, but is lighter, easier to install and maintain and affordable. They became an artificial stone, which is based on fine-grained crumbs of granite or other high-strength stone and polymers.

Due to the peculiarities of the composition and technological process, natural stone is distinguished by its strength, increased moisture resistance, and weather resistance. Its surfaces do not emit radiation, are biodegradable, easy to clean (many have a self-cleaning surface).

Release form - monolithic slabs, the front side of which imitates natural stone.

Fastening is carried out on a flat primed surface using special glue or on a crate.

Panels

The panels are sheets based on plastic, metal or fiber cement (the most common options are indicated), the surface of which can be given any shade or imitation of wood, stone, brickwork.

All panels are characterized by resistance to moisture and UV rays, heat resistance, but have different strength indicators.

Plastic models are considered the least durable. With a strong enough impact, they can become covered with a network of cracks, so they are rarely used for finishing the basement (although manufacturers provide collections of PVC basement panels).

Metal siding is a more reliable option.

Light weight, corrosion protection, ease of installation - all this makes the panels popular, especially for those foundations that do not have additional reinforcement.

Fiber cement panels are based on concrete mortar. To improve the technical properties and lighten the weight, dried cellulose is added to it. The result is a durable material, which, however, can only be used on solid foundations.

The surface of fiber cement-based panels can be painted in a certain color, imitate the finish of natural materials or be characterized by the presence of a sprinkle - stone chips. To protect the front side of the material from fading, ceramic coating is applied to it.

All panels, regardless of type, are attached to the frame. Fixation is carried out by means of brackets and self-tapping screws, the reliability of adhesion of the panels to each other, as well as their wind resistance are achieved due to the presence of a locking system.

Plaster

Installation is carried out in a wet way, and this type of finish requires perfectly flat plinth surfaces. To protect plastered surfaces from exposure to moisture and sunlight, acrylic-based moisture-proofing compounds are used as a finishing coating.

If necessary, to obtain a colored surface, you can paint the dried layer of plaster or use a mixture containing pigment.

Popular called "mosaic" plaster. It contains the smallest stone chips of different colors. After application and drying, it creates a mosaic effect, iridescent and changing shade depending on the angle of lighting and viewing.

Available in the form of a dry mix, which is mixed with water before use.

Polymer sand tiles

Differs in durability, moisture impermeability and heat resistance. Thanks to the sand base, it is light in weight.

The polymer component ensures the plasticity of the tile, which eliminates its cracking and the absence of chips on the surface. Outwardly, such a tile is similar to clinker, but it is much cheaper.

A significant disadvantage is the lack of additional elements, which complicates the installation process, especially when finishing buildings with complex configurations.

The tile can be attached to the glue, but another method of installation has become widespread - on the crate. In this case, using polymer-sand tiles, it is possible to create an insulated ventilated system.

Porcelain stoneware

When finished with porcelain stoneware, the building acquires a respectable and aristocratic appearance. This is because the material imitates granite surfaces. Initially, this material was used for cladding administrative buildings, but due to its exquisite appearance, impressive service life (half a century on average), strength and moisture resistance, it is increasingly used for cladding the facades of private houses.

profiled sheet

Sheathing with a profiled sheet is an affordable and easy way to protect the plinth. True, there is no need to talk about special decorative qualities.

decoration

Decorating the basement can be done not only through the use of facade materials. One of the simplest and most affordable options is to paint the basement with suitable compounds.(required for outdoor work, frost-resistant, weather-resistant).

By choosing a color, you can highlight the plinth or, on the contrary, give it a shade that is close to the color scheme of the facade. Using special materials and 2 types of paint close in tone, stone imitation can be achieved. To do this, strokes of darker paint are applied to a lighter layer of paint after it dries, which are then rubbed.

Decorating the plinth with plaster will be a little more difficult. The plastered surface may have a flat surface or be characterized by the presence of decorative reliefs, which also make it possible to imitate a stone base.

If there are columns, their lower part is also lined with the material used to decorate the basement. This will achieve the stylistic unity of the elements of the building.

Preparatory work

The quality of the preparatory work depends on the indicators of hydro- and thermal insulation of the basement, and hence the entire building.

Basement waterproofing involves its external protection, as well as isolation from groundwater. To do this, a trench is dug around the entire perimeter of the base near it, the depth of which is 60-80 cm with a width of 1 m. With a strong shedding of the soil, the reinforcement of the trench with a metal mesh is shown. The lower part of it is covered with gravel - this is how drainage is provided.

The surface of the plinth is cleaned, treated with water-repellent impregnations, and insulated.

Preparation of the visible part of the plinth for cladding involves leveling the surface and treating it with a primer for better adhesion with finishing materials.

If a hinged system is used, you can not waste time and effort on correcting minor defects. Of course, preparatory work in this case also involves cleaning and leveling surfaces, installing a frame for cladding.

Preparatory work should be carried out at temperatures above 0 degrees, in dry weather. After applying the primer, it must be allowed to dry.

Drain device

Low tides are designed to protect the plinth from moisture flowing down the facade, primarily during rain. The plinth with one part is fixed to the lower part of the facade at a small (10-15 degrees) angle, which contributes to the collection of moisture. Since this element hangs over the plinth by 2-3 cm, the collected moisture flows to the ground, and not to the surface of the plinth. Visually, the tide seems to separate the facade and the plinth.

As an ebb, strips 40-50 cm wide made of waterproof materials are used. They can be sold ready-made or made by hand from a suitable strip. The design and color of the structure is selected taking into account the appearance of the finish.

Depending on the material used, there are:

metal (universal) ebbs;
plastic (usually combined with siding);
concrete and clinker (applicable for stone and brick facades) analogues.

Plastic models, despite the high moisture resistance, are rarely used, due to their low strength and low frost resistance.

metal options (aluminum, copper or steel) demonstrate the optimal ratio of moisture resistance, strength characteristics and low weight. They have an anti-corrosion coating, so self-cutting of ebbs is unacceptable. Such strips are mounted with an overlap.

Concrete models are cast from durable (grade not less than M450) cement with the addition of river sand, plasticizers. Raw materials are poured into silicone molds. After solidification, a durable frost-resistant element is obtained, which is fixed to a special solution at the border of the facade and basement.

The most expensive are clinker sills, which have not only high strength (comparable to porcelain stoneware), but also low moisture absorption, as well as exquisite design.

Installation of the ebb depends on its type, as well as the design features of the building and the material of the walls.

For example, clinker and concrete sills are not suitable for wooden walls, since they are attached to glue. Without sufficient adhesion, wood simply cannot withstand low tides. Available are metal options with fixation on self-tapping screws.

Concrete and ceramic elements are usually mounted at the stage of facade and plinth cladding. Their fastening starts from the corner, to fix the element, glue is used for outdoor work on stone and brick. After gluing the ebb, the joints of its fit to the wall surface are sealed using silicone sealant. After it dries, the installation of ebbs is considered complete, you can proceed to facing work.

If it became necessary to fix the ebbs on lined surfaces, it remains to use only metal or plastic structures. Their installation also starts from the corners, for which special corner parts are purchased.

The next step will be the finishing of all the protruding architectural elements, and already between them, on a flat surface, planks are installed. Fastening is carried out on self-tapping screws (to the wall) and dowels nails (fixed to the protruding part of the base). The resulting joints are filled with silicone sealant or putty.

The installation of ebbs is preceded by careful sealing of the joints of the wall and the basement. Moisture-repellent sealants are well suited for these purposes.

The next step is to mark the wall and determine the highest point of the basement. A horizontal line is drawn from it, along which the ebb will be set.

Installation subtleties

Facing the plinth with your own hands is a simple process. But to obtain a high-quality result, the sheathing technology should be observed:

The surfaces to be treated must be smooth and clean. All protruding parts should be beaten off, self-leveling mortar should be poured into small recesses. Close large cracks and gaps with cement mortar, having previously reinforced the surface.
Be sure to use primers. They will improve the adhesion of materials, as well as prevent the material from absorbing moisture from the adhesive.
Some materials require pre-treatment before use outside the home. So, it is recommended to additionally protect the artificial stone with a water-repellent composition, and keep the clinker tiles in warm water for 10-15 minutes.

Beautifully facing the corners allows the use of special corner elements. In most cases, installation begins with their installation.
All metal surfaces must be made of stainless steel or have an anti-corrosion coating.
If you decide to sheathe the base with clinker, remember that the material itself has a high thermal conductivity. To prevent the appearance of cold bridges allows the use of a special gasket laid at the joints of the internal heat-insulating material.
Finishing the facade with basement material, if the strength of the foundation allows, is permissible. However, it is impossible to do the opposite, using facade tiles or siding for lining the basement.

Waterproofing

One of the obligatory stages of lining the basement is its waterproofing, which is carried out by horizontal and vertical methods. The first is aimed at protecting the walls from moisture, the second - provides waterproofing of the space between the foundation and the plinth. Vertical insulation, in turn, is divided into internal and external.

For external protection against moisture, roll coating and injection materials and compositions are used. Coating insulation is carried out using semi-liquid compositions based on bitumen, polymer, special cement coatings applied to the base.

The advantage of the compositions is the low price and the possibility of applying to any type of surface. However, such a waterproofing layer is unstable to mechanical stress and requires frequent renewal.

Roll materials can be glued to the surface (thanks to bituminous mastics) or fused (a burner is used, under the influence of which one of the layers of the roll is melted and fixed with the base).

Roll materials have an affordable price, they are easy to mount, the process does not take much time. However, with regard to the mechanical strength of rolled waterproofing, there are more reliable options, for example, innovative injection technology.

It involves the treatment of a moistened base with special deep penetration impregnations. Under the influence of water, the components of the composition are transformed into crystals that penetrate into the pores of concrete to a depth of 15-25 cm and make it waterproof.

To date, the injection method of waterproofing is the most effective, but at the same time expensive, time-consuming.

The choice of waterproofing material and the type of its installation for external surfaces is determined by the facing material used.

insulation

Laying insulation on the outer part of the base goes 60-80 cm underground, that is, the heat-insulating material is applied to the foundation walls located underground. To do this, a trench of the specified length is dug along the entire facade with a width of 100 cm.

The bottom of the trench is equipped with a drainage system to eliminate the risk of wetting the heat-insulating material under the action of groundwater.

When the facade is wet, a layer of bitumen-based mastic or a more modern liquid waterproofing is applied to the reinforced insulation. After drying this layer, you can fix the elements of the cladding.

When organizing a hinged system, heat-insulating material in sheets is hung on the waterproofed surface of the base. A windproof membrane is applied over the insulation, after which both materials are screwed to the wall at 2-3 points. Bolts are used as fasteners. The hinged system does not involve digging a trench.

The choice of insulation and its thickness are determined by climatic conditions, the type of building and the cladding used. An available option is extruded polystyrene foam. It demonstrates high rates of thermal insulation, moisture resistance, has a small weight. Due to the flammability of the insulation, its use requires the use of a non-combustible basement finish.

To organize ventilated systems, mineral wool is used (it needs powerful hydro and vapor barrier) or polystyrene foam.

When using thermal panels with a clinker surface, additional insulation is usually dispensed with. And under the tile is attached polystyrene, polyurethane or mineral wool insulation.

Facing

Features of the plinth finish depend on the selected material. The easiest option is to apply plaster.

An important point - regardless of the type of material, all work is carried out only on prepared, clean and dry bases!

The dry plaster mixture is diluted with water, thoroughly mixed and applied in an even layer on the surface, leveling with a spatula. If you have artistic skills, you can give the surface a relief or make characteristic bulges and recesses that imitate a stone coating. To achieve a similar effect allows the use of a special mold. It is applied to a fresh layer of plaster, pressing against the surface. Removing the form, you get a base for masonry.

However, even without these frills, the plastered and painted base is reliably protected and quite attractive.

You can paint a layer of plaster after it has completely dried.(Approximately 2-3 days later). The surface is pre-sanded. For this, acrylic paint is used. It is suitable for outdoor work, allows surfaces to "breathe". It is acceptable to use coloring compositions based on silicone, polyurethane. It is better to refuse enamel analogues, they are not vapor-permeable and environmentally hazardous.

More reliable is the concrete finish of the basement. In the future, the surfaces can be painted with concrete paints or decorated with vinyl panels, tiles, and brickwork.

This process is quite simple. First, a reinforcing mesh is fixed on the plinth (usually it is fixed with dowels), then the formwork is installed and the concrete solution is poured. After hardening, it is necessary to remove the formwork and proceed to further finishing.

Facing with natural stone due to its large mass, it requires strengthening the base. To do this, a reinforcing mesh is stretched on its surface, and a concrete mortar is plastered over it. After drying, the concrete surface is primed with a deep penetration compound.

Now stones are “planted” on a special glue. It is important to immediately remove excess protruding glue. The use of beacons is optional, since the material still has different geometry. After waiting for the glue to completely harden, they begin to grout the seams.

Installation of artificial stone is generally similar to that described above.

The only difference is that the stages of additional reinforcement of the base are skipped. There is no need to strengthen it, since the artificial stone has a much lower weight than the natural one.

Clinker tiles also glued to an absolutely flat surface of the plinth or a solid crate. True, mounting beacons are used to maintain the same inter-tile space. In their absence, you can install a rod with a circular cross section, the diameter of which is 6-8 mm. Laying starts from the corner, is carried out from left to right, from bottom to top.

To organize the outer corners, you can join the tiles or use special corner elements. They can be pressed (solid right angles) or extruded (plastic counterparts, the bending angle of which is set by the user).

After the glue has hardened, you can begin to fill the joints between the tiles. The work is done with a spatula or with a special tool (similar to those in which sealants are produced).

Siding plinth slabs attached only to the crate. It is a metal profile or wooden bars. There are also combined options. In any case, all frame elements must have moisture resistant characteristics.

The brackets are installed first. Sheet heat-insulating material is laid in the space between them. A waterproof film is preliminarily laid under it, and a windproof material is laid on top of it. Further, all 3 layers (heat, hydro and windproof materials) are fixed to the wall with dowels.

At a distance of 25-35 cm from the insulation, the construction of the crate is installed. After that, the siding panels are fastened with self-tapping screws. Additional strength of the connection is provided by locking elements. That is, the panels are additionally snapped together. Corners and other complex elements of the base are made using additional elements.

Porcelain slabs also require the installation of a metal subsystem. The fixing of the tiles is carried out thanks to special fasteners, the compatible halves of which are located on the profiles and the tiles themselves.

Despite the strength of porcelain stoneware, its outer layer is very fragile. This should be taken into account during installation - minor damage will not only reduce the attractiveness of the coating, but also the technical properties of the material, primarily the degree of resistance to moisture.

flat slate fixed to the wooden subsystem using self-tapping screws. The installation starts from the corner, and upon completion of the cladding, the corners of the base are closed with special iron, zinc-coated corners. Immediately after that, you can start painting the surface.

When cutting slate, it is important to protect the respiratory system, because at this moment asbestos dust, harmful to health, hovers in the workplace. Before installation, it is recommended to cover the material with a layer of antiseptic.

When choosing a plinth finish, it is better to give preference to thick-layer, wear-resistant materials. First of all, it is natural and artificial stone, clinker and porcelain tiles.
In addition, the material must be moisture resistant and durable. As for its thickness, in most cases you should choose the maximum (as far as the foundation and the surface of the basement allow). For regions with harsh climatic conditions, as well as buildings in places of high humidity (a house by the river, for example), this recommendation is especially relevant.
If we talk about affordability, then plaster and cladding will cost less than other options. However, plastered surfaces have a shorter service life.

If you do not have a sufficient level of skill or have never done stone or tile facing, it is better to entrust the work to a professional. From the first time, it is unlikely that it will be possible to perfectly complete the skin. And the high cost of materials does not imply such "training" on it.
When choosing any material for cladding, give preference to well-known manufacturers. In some cases, you can save money and purchase tiles or panels of domestic production. Definitely, this can be done by purchasing plaster mixes. They are of good quality from Russian manufacturers. Clinker tiles are better to buy German (more expensive) or Polish (more affordable option) brands. Domestic usually does not meet the high requirements for the reliability of tiles.

Beautiful examples

The use of stone and brick in the decoration of the basement gives the buildings monumentality, good quality, makes them respectable.

Painting and plastering surfaces is usually used for small plinths (up to 40 cm). The shade of paint is usually darker than the color of the facade.

One of the latest finishing trends has been the tendency to "continue" the plinth, using the same material for finishing the lower part of the facade.

You can highlight the basement of the building with color using siding panels. The solution can be gentle or contrasting.

As a rule, the shade or texture of the plinth is repeated in the decoration of the facade elements or the use of a similar color in the design of the roof.

You will learn how to independently finish the basement of the foundation with facade panels from the following video.

The basement protects the walls of the building from the penetration of ground moisture into them and, as a result, their destruction. But what will the base itself protect? Surely this is a well-done house basement finish , which only secondarily performs decorative functions, and in the first place - a protective role. It is this issue that we will deal with in the current article, in which, together with the site stroisovety.org, we will take a closer look at how to properly clad the basement of a building so that it is completely protected from aggressive environmental influences and also has an attractive appearance.

Finishing the basement of the house: how to do waterproofing

Oddly enough, but before proceeding to the immediate finishing Houses , it is necessary to execute it waterproofing . For what? The answer is still the same - protection from moisture, which can seep not only through the ground, but also through the seams of the facing material. In general, the waterproofing of the basement should be carried out at the stage of construction, but, as a rule, everything is limited to the insulation of only its underground part, which is mainly performed with roofing material or bituminous mastic. In fact, these materials interfere with further finishing the basement of the house , and they seem to be ignored, or at best they are released 10–15 cm above the ground level. In principle, this is quite enough to protect the foundation from destruction, but not the basement of the building.

Finishing the basement of the house do-it-yourself stone photo

With house basement waterproofing things are a little different - roofing material, bituminous mastic and similar materials will not work here. Almost all materials for house basement finishes require a different type of foundation - therefore, the requirements for waterproofing the basement of the building are slightly different.

As a rule, for house basement waterproofing cement-based mortars are used - if we talk about the well-known Ceresit trademark, then its similar products are referred to as: Ceresit CR 65 or Ceresit CR 66. There are also special waterproofing primers Ceresit CE 50 and Ceresit CE 49 mastics, made on the basis of epoxy pitches. In general, there are no problems with these materials, and you can use any materials that you like in terms of price and quality.

If we talk about the technology of waterproofing works, then no problems should arise here either. Primers and mastics are applied with a brush - they are simply rubbed into the surface previously cleaned of dust and dirt. But cement mortars (like CR 65) are applied with a spatula - such protection is applied to the basement of the building in two layers, each of which must dry completely. Moreover, each of the applied layers of waterproofing must be applied in different directions - if the first layer was applied from top to bottom, then the second must be laid from left to right. Unfortunately, this is the nature of this material.

In general, direct house basement finish stone, tile or any other material can be carried out only after the waterproofing has completely dried. In this regard, primers and mastics are more practical - not only are they applied in one layer, they also dry faster. The plinth covered with a waterproofing primer or mastic can be finished with decorative material the very next day - in the case of cement-based waterproofing, it will not be possible to continue work before a couple of days.

How to waterproof the basement at home photo

How to decorate the basement at home: materials for finishing the protruding part of the foundation

Materials with which modern builders can perform finishing the basement of the house , quite a lot - these include natural and artificial stone, siding, special facade panels, tiles, clinker bricks, bassoons and even ordinary or decorative plaster. In principle, this list can be continued and continued, but there is little point in this - all the same, the finishing of the basement with these materials is almost identical.

By technology house basement finishes all materials can be divided into two groups - which require a frame for their installation and which do not need it. All kinds of siding, fiber cement and other panels can be attributed to frame materials, for the installation of which it will be necessary to arrange a metal frame. If we talk about such materials in more detail and consider their installation technology, then one feature can be noted regarding the preliminary stage of waterproofing - here the choice of insulating materials is not limited. Suitable and bitumen, and roofing material, and similar materials.

The disadvantage of this option house basement finishes is the high cost of the materials themselves and the work associated with their installation. For example, fiber cement panels are one of the most expensive materials today, and its main advantage is durability.

Finishing the basement of the house a photo

In financial terms, the most profitable material for the plinth is all kinds of tiles, clinker bricks and stone of artificial or natural origin. The advantage of these materials lies in a fairly simple installation technology - for example, house basement finish artificial or even fairly easy to do on your own. The same can be said about tiles and clinker bricks - knowing the technology of working with tiled material, it will not be difficult to line the foundation with any similar products.

Materials for house basement finishes

Additional protection of the tiled plinth of the house

As they say, every cloud has a silver lining - having protected the basement of the building, it is also necessary to protect the cladding itself from the ubiquitous moisture. No matter how ridiculous it may look, but such a situation really is the place to be. The fact is that rain and melt water, flowing down the walls of the house, can flow and be absorbed into the solution or adhesive composition, with which the basement was finished with natural stone or something else.

As a rule, either the same finishing material or special cornices made of painted galvanized steel are used as such protection. If you deal with the quality of such protection, then it is better to give preference to galvanized steel - it is more reliable. If moisture can still seep into the seams between the finishing material, then, in principle, it is not able to penetrate under the cornices.

Cornice on the basement of the house photo

The cornices are fastened as follows - first, a cut is made in the wall with a depth of 1.5–2 cm to the width of the disc of the grinder, into which the bend of the cornice is inserted. After that, the cornice itself is attached to the wall with dowels, and the cut slot is sealed with sealant. If you correctly dock the individual cornices, then

The plinth is a belt at the foot of the facade, which protects the base of the house from excessive moisture, mechanical damage, low and high temperatures. In case of its destruction, a chain destructive reaction will follow on other elements of the building.

Therefore, it is necessary to take care of its reliability. This is especially true for buildings made of wood. One of the options to extend the life of a wooden plinth is its high-quality finish.

In addition, in addition to protective functions, it perfectly performs aesthetic ones, giving the building a beautiful and complete appearance. In this article, we will consider options for using various materials for this purpose and the features of their installation by hand.

The first step is to immediately mention the greater vulnerability of the tree in comparison with the same brick. In particular, about susceptibility to decay processes and attack by pests. Also, do not forget about the consequences of shrinkage of a log structure.

Tip: It is recommended to use sprayers to apply protective compounds to wood. The drip coating is more effectively absorbed into the porous structure and fills even the most inaccessible places.

We produce waterproofing in one of the possible ways:

Coated with bituminous mortar. Low price, ease of application and high elasticity are the undeniable advantages of this option. But it should be borne in mind that bitumen is applied only in a hot state, which requires increased accuracy and care in working with it.

We cover with one or even two layers of roofing material. The most affordable option.

We install a special membrane. Not cheap, but at the same time, a high-quality method of protecting the base from excessive moisture.

We warm. It is recommended to place insulating materials under the finish coat, if possible, since this area is most susceptible to heat loss due to proximity to the ground.

This task is perfectly handled, for example:

mineral wool,
Styrofoam,
extruded polyurethane foam.

The choice of finishing material

How to finish the plinth of a wooden house? To date, this task can be performed by a wide variety of materials. Let's analyze the characteristics of the most common of them.

Fake diamond

This material is created from concrete with the addition of various additives and dyes.

Has a number of advantages:

Imitation of various types of natural stone at an affordable price.
The uniqueness of the pattern.
Long service life.
Relatively low weight eliminates the need for additional strengthening of the facade.
A beautiful appearance that enhances and effectively emphasizes the classic aesthetics of wooden walls.

The disadvantage is the porosity of such a substance, due to which moisture accumulates in it, accelerating the destructive processes.

Tip: to extend the life of artificial stone and protect it from moisture, it is recommended to treat it with hydrophobic agents.

Installation is carried out by applying elastic adhesive to the product. Then the seams are filled with a special solution.

Siding

Siding is made from polymer composites with the addition of many modifiers to improve the technical characteristics of the material.

Due to its composition, it has a lot of positive qualities:

High strength, which in its performance is second only to natural stone.
Possibility of installation on any kind of base.
Resistance to temperature changes.
Waterproof. Allows basement panels to perfectly perform the primary task of protecting the underground from moisture.
Ease of maintenance. Washing with the addition of household chemicals will clean any dirt.
A wide range of colors and imitations of natural materials.

Ease of do-it-yourself installation.
Durability.
Affordable price.

Installation work is carried out as follows:

We apply on with a cell step of 25 cm.
With a spirit level we check the verticality of the installed slats. Align if necessary.
First of all, we mount the corner elements and the starting profile.

We cover the ends with sealant and insert the plinth panels into the starting profile, pressing them tightly against the corner.
We fix with screws.

Tip: it is necessary to leave a gap of one millimeter between the caps of the fasteners and the surface of the coating. This compensates for the effect of thermal expansion.

If it is necessary to cut the panel, you can use a hacksaw, an electric jigsaw or a circular saw.
At the end of the installation, fill any gaps with sealant.

Wood

Finishing the plinth with wood is preferable for lovers of everything natural. Conifers are best suited for this task, since due to the presence of a large number of resins in their composition, they better resist moisture.

Pros of this option:

Ecological purity.
Low thermal conductivity.
Harmony with the rest of the building.

The main disadvantage is the susceptibility to the processes of decay and the attack of pests. Careful treatment with antiseptics and painting will be required.

Installation work is very similar to the installation of a picket fence. We also first nail horizontal slats around the entire perimeter of the facade, and then tightly knock down vertical slats of the same size. From above we cover at personal discretion.

In order for such a coating to always have a decent appearance, it will have to be looked after in a timely manner. Touch up areas peeled off with paint, replace rotten planks.

Conclusion

Finishing the plinth is both its protection and its appearance. Therefore, the material must also be chosen accordingly so that it protects the facade from moisture, temperature changes and mechanical damage, and at the same time endows the building with aesthetics ().

In the case of a house built of wood, more attention should be paid to protection from moisture, as wood is susceptible to decay and mold growth. So finishing with boards will have the same problems, although it will be the most harmonious. Artificial stone will be more practical, but also has a high porosity, which makes it vulnerable to an abundance of water.

Siding will be the best solution, being completely waterproof, beautiful, strong and durable material. Moreover, it is also easy to install.

The video in this article will introduce you to additional materials.

Happy finishing work!

You can decorate the basement of the house with various materials that can reliably protect the upper part of the foundation from getting wet, solar ultraviolet radiation, and mechanical damage. Brick, clinker, masonry or siding is usually used - polymer or composite panels that imitate masonry with high quality.

In the construction markets there is a cladding of any kind. Before determining which material is best suited for the architectural style of the cottage, the following factors must be considered:

the protruding base will have to be additionally protected by ebbs;
flexible tiles have a minimum layer thickness, which can be pasted over a concrete surface;
maximizes the design of the basement brickwork;
inside the frames on which panels, siding or corrugated board are attached, you can lay a heater to eliminate heat loss through the ceilings, floors of the lower floor;
frame systems by default are more maintainable, can be updated at any time during operation.

Advice! It is better to decorate the protruding plinth before facing the facades, so that, if necessary, hide the upper mounting shelf of the ebb under the wall finishing material.

Brickwork

To overlay the basement with bricks, it is necessary to make a separate base for masonry. On heaving soils, for this it is necessary to replace 40 cm of soil with crushed stone and / or sand, compacted in layers.

Unlike a concrete foundation, this facing material has half the resource in contact with the ground. On top of the underlying layer, rolled waterproofing in 2 - 3 layers is required. To completely eliminate subsidence of brickwork, a rigid bond with a plinth is used:

after laying 2 - 3 rows in the supporting structure, blind holes are drilled to a depth of 4 - 6 cm;
6 - 10 mm reinforcement is inserted into them, connecting the main wall with the cladding;

It is recommended to use ceramic bricks, slotted, hollow stone or hyper-pressed modifications. Masonry is carried out exclusively in rows of spoons in half a brick. To eliminate the cold bridge, which is essentially the basement structure, basalt wool or extruded polystyrene foam can be laid between the facing brick and the supporting structure.

Important! The insulation must be joined to the thermal insulation of the facade or brought along the upper part of the basement inside under the layer of wall cladding in the absence of thermal insulation.

Clinker

You can finish the ground part of the foundation of the house with clinker tiles. The budget will be approximately equal to brick cladding. However, this material has some advantages:

the maximum possible operational resource of all known claddings;
the presence of ready-made corner (external / internal) elements;
fastening to the walls, no need for your own foundation;
insignificant loading of the load-bearing frame due to the low weight of the clinker;
high artistic value of the decorative coating.

There are different types of clinker tiles that imitate masonry, torn, rocky, polished stone. Therefore, you can choose the design option for the basement in full accordance with the architectural style of a private cottage.

Clinker tiles are fixed with an adhesive solution, panels made of this material are attached to the frame. The first option does not allow you to insulate the ground part of the foundation, the second allows you to install polystyrene foam inside the crate.

Advice! There is a clinker tile for steps, which allows, when finishing the plinth with the same material, to achieve maximum aesthetics of the perception of facades.

Polymer sand tiles

An inexpensive option for finishing the basement of a house is a polymer-sand composite, from which tiles of various formats are made. This material is very light, practically does not load the foundation structure, is attached either to the frame crate or to tile adhesive.

The texture usually imitates natural stone or brickwork. The material is moisture resistant, with a minimum coefficient of expansion, resistant to solar ultraviolet radiation, aggressive media and mechanical damage. The tile is cut with a hand saw in any direction, you can choose any format to reduce cutting waste.

Important! Additional elements for this cladding do not exist, therefore, an exact fit in corners and mates is required.

A natural stone

If there is cheap natural stone in the region, you can finish the basement of the house with this material. This option is more suitable for seasonal buildings, in which external insulation of the underground and above-ground parts of the foundation is not required. Heavy material is planted on a mortar or tile adhesive, significantly loads the load-bearing frame of the cottage, and does not hold on to the insulation.

Granite, gravel, dolomite stone has high strength and moisture resistance. However, when facing, many mortar joints are obtained, which do not initially have the indicated characteristics. Therefore, finishing costs increase for the purchase of grouts, which provide waterproofing of the joints.

Important! The stone cannot be fixed on the frames, so the maintainability of the cladding is zero.

Fake diamond

Of all the modifications of artificial stone, concrete slabs with a decorative outer layer are usually used to finish the basement of a house. To improve the characteristics, the material is modified with moisture-resistant additives, colored by weight to increase the wear resistance of the front surface.

The fastening of artificial stone is standard - the adhesive layer after the foundation has been treated with a primer. This cladding can be used with any facade coatings. Integration into the exterior and architectural style is high by default.

Tiles, porcelain tiles

To finish the basement of the house with tiles or porcelain stoneware, you will first have to level the surfaces. The thickness of the adhesive layer should not exceed 1 cm, modifications can only be used for outdoor work.

Porcelain stoneware is much stronger, tiles have a wider assortment, a richer choice of textures, colors and formats. Therefore, when using tiles, you can reduce the consumption of cutting. The material slightly loads the foundation, the seams are rubbed with special moisture-resistant compounds.

Important! The tile is not a full-fledged waterproofing material. Therefore, the surface of the plinth before facing can and should be treated with a primer, coated with bituminous mastic. The tile does not adhere to glass hydroisol.

Plaster

The budget option for finishing the basement of a house is traditionally the leveling of surfaces with plaster, putty solutions. However, these materials require protection from moisture, additional decoration. Therefore, they are painted with water-based, dispersed, acrylic, acrylate and oil compositions.

The same materials are used in wet facades, as they adhere quite firmly to expanded polystyrene or basalt wool when using reinforcing meshes. Therefore, the basement of a building for seasonal use can simply be plastered and painted, while the basement of a permanent residence is best insulated and plastered and covered with decorative plaster.

basement siding

If you're on a tight budget, vinyl plinth siding is a better choice for your building. Despite the name, facades are often finished entirely on the outside with this material. For example, a budget "framework" can be completely sheathed with basement siding, giving the dwelling the architecture of a brick cottage.

Photo of a vinyl plinth siding panel imitating brick.

Unlike standard linear panels, plinth siding is produced in the form of modules with dimensions of about 1.2 x 0.5 m 18 - 30 mm thick. The texture usually imitates stone or masonry; panels have locks to connect them together. Inside the crate of the frame, you can lay a heater, reducing the heat loss of the building.

Important! Basement siding has the widest range of extensions. In addition to ebbs and corners, manufacturers produce starting, finishing strips and clamps for covert fastening of panels.

profiled sheet

Facing the ground part of the foundation with corrugated board is a budget option. At the same time, the facades are of low artistic value, so it is better to use this cladding for outbuildings. Installation is carried out on a frame made of timber or a galvanized profile, fixed to the plinth from the outside.

Sheets can be fixed on the runs with rivets or self-tapping screws. For the profiled sheet, there are additional elements that allow you to qualitatively decorate the outer and inner corners, install ebbs above the plinth.

Important! When choosing a corrugated board, there is practically no cutting waste, since you can order sheets of the required height, mounted without fitting.

Flexible roof tiles

This method of facing the ground part of the foundation, in principle, is not the intended use of roofing. Flexible tiles are very thin, they cannot hide even minor flatness defects, therefore, they require a perfectly even base.

This decoration technology is more suitable for picking up columnar or pile-grillage foundations. A crate is stuffed along the supporting vertical elements or girders are attached, asbestos-cement sheets are hung on them, their surface can be pasted over with flexible bituminous tiles, additionally secured with self-tapping screws. Usually choose the types of tiles as similar as possible to the stone.

The use of composite materials made of fiber cement for finishing the basement of a house makes it possible to provide a 20-30 year resource. The panel is created from a mixture of cement and wood fibers by hot pressing, the outer surface is laminated or covered with a protective layer. They are made to imitate various materials - wood, brick, stone.

In addition to weather resistance and self-sufficient face design, fiber cement panels have self-cleaning properties. Dust and dirt are washed away by rain or water from a hose. Panel locks are supplemented with sealing elements that ensure high tightness of the facing layer.

Photo of a plinth made of fiber cement panels

Thus, the plinth can be decorated in many ways, depending on the available construction budget, the architectural style of the building, and the preferences of the owner. It is necessary to focus on the resource of coatings, the weight of linings, the thickness and price of materials.

Being engaged in facing the house, special attention must be paid to the finishing of the basement. Depending on the construction technology, it can act as a separate element or be a separate part of the foundation, which rises above the ground. Unlike the main wall, it has direct contact with the ground, which is why a lot of attention must be paid to finishing this area. It may well be possible to finish the basement with your own hands, but at the same time, experts recommend taking into account some points and nuances.

Before studying the materials and technologies for finishing the basement, it is worth deciding on its type. So, depending on the location of the foundation to the outer plane of the wall, the following main types are distinguished:

Speaker. Such a foundation is poured for thin walls, so you should first worry about arranging the drain. Otherwise, water will accumulate on the ledge. As a result, it will lead to destruction.
One level. In modern construction, this technology is rarely used, since it will be too difficult to achieve the desired level of waterproofing in the process of exterior decoration.
sinking. A common option that will be easy to protect from natural factors, since it does not need a drain. Facing in this case will be less deformed from snow and rain.

Decorative plaster

A fairly common method of finishing the foundation, moreover, it does not require special knowledge or abilities. Work is performed in the following order:

Cleaning the surface of the foundation from dust and dirt.
Applying a deep penetration primer.
In the presence of clearly defined irregularities, it is recommended to fix the reinforcing mesh. Suitable welded, woven or made of fiberglass.
Applying a layer of decorative plaster.
After complete drying, you can start painting.

Giving preference to decorative plaster, it should be remembered that this option is not suitable for finishing the protruding basement. High loads on the material will soon deform the applied layer, and it will lose its attractiveness.

On a still wet layer of plaster, imprints of a pattern or pattern are applied, and structuring is also performed.

It is possible to veneer the plinth with both natural and artificial stone. Let's take a closer look at the natural version. It should be borne in mind that it has a lot of weight, so the finishing process will be quite laborious. Despite the complexity of the process, many decide to do it on their own. The order of work is as follows:

Surface cleaning and priming.
Selection of suitable elements in shape and size.
Application of adhesive solution in a thick layer.
Laying stone, starting from the bottom row. This will prevent the heavy stone from sliding down.
Coating with frost-resistant and water-repellent composition.

It is also worth considering that the stone will add load to the foundation. Additional calculations will be required to ensure that this finish can be applied.

This artificial material in modern construction and decoration is very common. The list of its benefits includes:

wear resistance;
strength;
resistance to temperature extremes;
low rate of water absorption.

Due to the presence of the latter indicator, porcelain stoneware is insensitive to frost. To date, the hardware store has a large assortment of porcelain tiles:

matte;
satin;
polished;
glazed;
aged;
imitating leather, stone and fabric.

Considering the process of finishing the basement with the selected material, it should be said that it is fixed either on the frame or with special adhesive solutions. The frame method is provided for additional insulation. This method is more laborious, but you can also do it yourself:

Foundation preparation: cleaning and priming.
Metal slats with already existing special fasteners act as a frame. It is with their help that the slats are fixed to the base. As a result, a small gap is formed between the wall and the grate for ventilation.
There should be a distance of 20 cm from the ground to the beginning of the frame. This will be enough to raise the ground in winter.
A heater of your choice is inserted into the resulting gap. It is best to give preference to foam or mineral wool.
With the help of kleimers, the frame is sheathed with porcelain stoneware slabs.

If we talk about adhesive solutions, then everything is much simpler here: glue is applied to the prepared foundation and the stone is fixed on top.

The use of cement mortar is prohibited, since in this case the stone will simply peel off in the cold.

Vinyl panels

Among the budget ways to finish the basement, this one is the best. The whole secret lies in a simple installation method: the elements are joined together in a tongue-and-groove way. The result is a durable surface. Thanks to siding, the foundation of the house will be reliably protected, as the innovative material has significant advantages:

resistance to high and sudden changes in temperature;
durability;
low sensitivity to moisture;
there is a wide range of colors and shapes of plates.

In most cases, vinyl panels are used when it is necessary to carry out external insulation. The algorithm of actions is quite simple and implies the presence of such processes:

Waterproofing: the film is laid with an overlap of 10–15 cm and fixed with nails or construction tape.
Installation of a horizontal crate. Metal rails are used. The step is calculated individually according to the following scheme: 1/3 of the panel length. In this case, the lowest bar should rise above the ground at a distance of 15 cm. The resulting gap should correspond to the size of the insulation plus 3 cm for ventilation.
Laying a heat insulator and a vapor barrier.
From the bottom of the crate, at the corners, the first plank (corner profile) is fixed.
Subsequent panels are fixed to the starting bar and screwed loosely with self-tapping screws. A 3 mm gap should remain from the cap to the panel, since the material can change in volume under the influence of atmospheric phenomena.
For a protruding base, a special ebb is installed on top.

The unique technology of siding production allows you to convey the texture of expensive wood, natural stone and other materials.

Ceramic tile

Clinker tiles can also be used as a facing material. In the modern building materials market, clinker tiles are very popular. The surface may be different:

smooth;
raw;
imitate brick;
imitate paving stones.

When finishing the basement of a house with ceramic tiles, the following work is assumed:

Surface cleaning and leveling with special mixtures.
Padding.
Preparation of the adhesive composition according to the instructions on the package. Applying a 4 mm thick layer to the foundation.
Start laying from the outer corner. Particular attention is paid to vertical seams, which should not coincide. For the convenience of creating even seams, it is recommended to use special crosses, which are then removed.
The final step is grouting the joints with special frost-resistant compounds.

To emphasize the unity of the created design of the whole house, clinker tiles are used not only for decorating the basement, but also for the corners of the walls.

When applying the solution, care must be taken not to form voids. Otherwise, in winter, they will expand, and the tiles will fall off.

Other materials

In fact, the list of possible materials for decorating the foundation is several times larger. So it is possible to finish the basement of the house with glass, flagstone or ceramic fragments. For these cases, it is recommended to perform the process in this way:

Surface cleaning and leveling.
Carrying out calculations of the required amount of material, according to the allotted area for cladding.
Priming of the base with concrete carbonate. Removal of excess cement on the foundation.
Application of tile adhesive or cement (depending on the chosen cladding material). Apply it in stages.
Fixing flagstone or colored glass to the prepared base. Secure with light taps to release air.
Filling voids between large pieces with small broken elements.
Seam cleaning.
Coating the dried surface with varnish and installing a protective visor over the protruding part of the foundation.

Thanks to the finishing of the plinth, several problems can be solved at the same time: immediate protection, additional thermal insulation, as well as giving a complete look. Only the owner himself will be able to choose the best option, since the choice will depend on personal preferences and desires. It is not so difficult to do the cladding on your own, as can be seen from the above article.