How to attach a wire to a wall without drilling. Fasteners for wire and cable on the wall and ceiling. Use of mounting guns. Channels are completed with a number of accessories

During the construction of the house, the installation of electrical wiring is carried out in a hidden way, under plaster. Complete replacement of electrical wiring, as a rule, is carried out during a major overhaul. In this case, strobes are made in the wall, into which the wire is laid.

But what to do when there is no opportunity or desire to engage in dusty wall chasing? Or do you need to connect a newly installed powerful electrical appliance, such as a water heater? In this case, many choose an open method of laying electrical wiring, and fastening to the wall is carried out using a cable channel.

Types of cable channels

Several criteria are used to classify a cable channel:

The size. There are small products for laying one wire of a small section or large boxes designed to fix up to eight conductors of various sections on the wall;
Manufacturing material. They produce aluminum, steel and plastic structures. For indoor installation, plastic models are more in demand, and the fastening of steel and aluminum boxes is more often used when laying electrical wiring along the facade of a house;
Location. The cable channel can be fixed in several places. The design of the product adapts as much as possible depending on the installation site. There are plinth, parapet, trunk and floor models.

Note! In terms of color design, the cable channel most often has a neutral white color, suitable for any finish. Models imitating a wooden structure are also popular.

Mounting technology

To facilitate the connection of the profile, use the additional elements offered by the manufacturer: T-shaped and corner structures, strip connectors, various bends and other accessories.

For mounting sockets and switches, it is best to use overhead versions of these products or use models of boxes with built-in structures.

Telephone and television cables, as well as wires of the radio broadcasting network, are carried along the walls. Usually these are places near jambs, baseboards, ceilings.

Before you start wiring cables, you should measure the necessary sections of wiring and cut the electrical wire with a small margin. Then it can be cut off if necessary. Then prepare the cable by straightening it by pulling it 2-3 times through the fabric held in the palm of your hand.

To fix the conductors, you can use metal strips, which are cut with metal scissors ( rice. one).

Rice. one Metal strips cut with scissors

The material can serve as an ordinary tin can. The length of the strips depends on the thickness of the wire or wires to be fixed on the surface of the wall, ceiling or floor ( rice. 2).

Rice. 2 The length of the strips depends on the thickness of the wire

Conductors are laid on clips fixed across the wires ( rice. 3).

Rice. 3 Laying wires on clips

Strips of metal are bent as shown in Figure 4.

Rice. four

In this case, a sufficiently reliable and durable fastening for conductors is formed ( rice. 5).

Rice. 5 Conductor holder

If the metal of the clip is hard or thick enough, you can use pliers to close the ends of the clip ( rice. 6).

Rice. 6 You can use pliers to close the ends of the clip

Cabling is carried out in various ways: open, hidden and using electrical skirting boards.

open way

The cable is laid on the surface of plastered or wallpapered concrete, brick, wooden walls and ceilings. For this, light, unarmored cables protected by wires or flat wires are used. You can also use copper and aluminum wires with rubber insulation, covered with a layer of PVC.

Open wiring wires are attached to walls and ceilings using rollers made of porcelain. A wire is put on them. The rollers have an axis of the hole through which they are attached to the surface with a nail. You can also secure the wires with clips ( rice. 7).

Rice. 7 Fastening wires with clips

Figure 8 shows the process of applying the mounting collar.

Rice. eight Application of the mounting clamp

It should be remembered that the mounting clamps are disposable and you should not try to unfasten them. There is only one way out - cut the clamp with a knife or side cutters.

Figure 9 shows a variant of open telephone wiring when connected to a telephone mini-PBX.

Rice. 9 Open telephone wiring option

The cut wires are fixed according to the previously made markings.

Horizontal wiring is done parallel to the lines of intersection of walls and ceiling or floor at a distance of at least 100 mm and not more than 200 mm from the ceiling, floor, cornice, plinth, etc.

Vertical wiring is done perpendicular to the plane of the ceiling or floor.

Near doors and windows, the wire should be at a distance of 100 mm from the edge of the frame of the door or window. The rollers for attaching the wire should be attached at a distance of 50 cm from one another. Wires can be fixed in various ways: nails, dowels, fastening clips, clamps, etc. ( rice. ten).

Rice. ten Trimming excess ends of mounting clamps

On the image 11 mounting clips for mounting conductors are shown.

Rice. eleven

Television cable is usually laid near the floor or along baseboards. To attach cables to their wiring, in addition to rollers, plastic or metal staples or nails are used.

Nails can only be driven into wooden walls or baseboards, door jambs. Flat telephone wire can be fixed by driving a nail between 2 wire strands. In this case, the nails are driven in 3/4 of their length so as not to damage the wire with a hammer blow.

On the image 12 a universal antenna connector is shown, from its elements you can make a "father" and "mother".

Rice. 12 Universal antenna connector

To install it, it is necessary to remove the insulation from the antenna cable for a length of about 30 mm ( rice. 13).

Rice. 13 Remove the insulation from the antenna cable for a length of about 30 mm

When stripping the insulation, be careful not to damage the cable shield. It needs to be untwisted a little and wrapped back, as shown in the picture. 14 .

Rice. fourteen Unwind the cable shield braid a little and wrap it back

It is necessary to remove the insulation from the central core of the cable for a length of about 12-15 mm ( rice. fifteen).

Rice. fifteen Remove the insulation from the central core of the cable

After that, you should, as it were, screw the connector segment onto the cable so that it provides good contact with the wrapped multi-core braided shield ( rice. 16).

Rice. 16 Screw the connector segment onto the cable

A small excess length of the central core should be cut off already at the end of the operation, leaving it to protrude 2 mm beyond the connector ( rice. 17).

Rice. 17 The excess length of the central core should be bitten off

On the image 18 shows a connector ready to be plugged into a TV outlet.

Rice. eighteen Connector ready to connect

If you want to connect to a standard television antenna jack, you should screw its continuation onto the existing fragment of the connector. In this case, you need to be careful and carefully insert the central core of the antenna cable into the mating part of the connector. When installing the connector, make sure that the thin veins of the screen do not accidentally come into contact with the central vein. In this case, the image on the TV simply will not be ( rice. 19).

Rice. 19 Make sure that the thin veins of the screen accidentally
did not come into contact with the central vein

On the image 20 shows an antenna wire connected to an outlet.

Rice. twenty Antenna wire connected to an outlet

There is a special fixing nut that prevents the plug from falling out of the socket.

On the image 21 shows the installation of clips on the conductor. The frequency of their location depends on the operating conditions and the location of the conductor.

Rice. 21 Mounting clips on the conductor

Such clips allow you to securely fix the conductor without fear of damaging it with a nail, in contrast to nailing between the wire strands. To get neat cuts and the right angles of 45 °, you will need a sawing box, or a miter box. In it, you can easily and accurately cut cable channels of different widths.

A regular hacksaw for metal will help cut the cable channel of the desired length ( rice. 22).

Rice. 22 Cutting the cable channel with a hacksaw

However, there are cable channels of considerable size that are unlikely to fit in the miter box; in such cases, you will have to limit yourself to careful preliminary marking ( rice. 23).

Rice. 23 Trimming the cable channel in the miter box

TV sockets have a number of features due to which they have some advantages:

the body is fully shielded, which reduces interference and prevents signal loss;
the presence of a screw contact required for connecting a coaxial cable;
the optimal shape provides ease of installation and reliable connection without the use of soldering;
high quality signal decoupling;
has a wide frequency range and low signal loss;
the presence of two standard connectors (for separate connection of a TV and an FM radio receiver).

You need to plan a space for the splitter. This is especially important if you plan to connect several TVs in the apartment. After choosing a place for the future splitter, you need to bring the main cable to it (from the shield to one of the TVs), as well as all additional ones.

During the calculations, all descents, ascents and turns of the cable should be taken into account. Be sure to leave a spare cable just in case. It can be removed in the shield.

All television outlets must be terminal, not through. Sockets with one socket are not always suitable, for example, in this case it will not be possible to connect another device (music center, home theater or FM receiver) at the same time as the TV. If you need to connect more than three TVs in the apartment, you need to install an amplifier at the branching point. To do this, you need a TV outlet.

Quality splitters have F-socket (threaded) connectors. For safety reasons, it is best not to install splitters on TV plugs.

On the image 24 Rigid cable channels with covers are presented. An example of mounting a special series of sockets and switches directly on the surface of cable channels is shown.

Rice. 24 Rigid cable ducts with covers

Hidden way

Cabling is done as follows:

under plaster;
in a layer of plaster;
under the floor (bottom wiring system);
laying in channels ( rice. 25).

Rice. 25

For this wiring method, wires of the APPVS, APN, APPV, APV, VARN, etc. brands are used.

For concealed wiring, channels and pipes for cable are used, closed along their entire length to a depth of at least 10 mm. The wires themselves are hidden to a depth of at least 5 mm.

The cable is also laid in grooves hollowed out in the walls, followed by termination. First, the wiring is installed, the cable is fixed with nails, driving them into the mortar between the bricks (if the wall is brick) or gluing the cable to the wall in several places using alabaster. After that, the walls and ceiling are plastered, and the cable is under a layer of plaster.

Wiring hidden in a layer or under a layer of plaster implies the presence of both horizontal and vertical laying of wires, as well as the presence of recesses, strobes and breakdowns. On the image 26 an insulated annular tip is shown.

Rice. 26 Ring tip insulated

On the image 27 the tip of the pin sleeve is shown.

Rice. 27 Sleeve pin tip

USING ELECTRICAL BOARDS

Electrical skirting boards are long narrow canisters with longitudinal partitions. They are made from flame retardant plastic. The plinth has a cover that snaps into place with the base. The side walls of the pencil case are springy. Electrical skirting boards are placed on the walls near the floor, ceiling and around the perimeter of doorways.

To prevent the cord of a portable telephone from jumping out of the socket, you can attach it to a wall or baseboard using a rubber compensator.

CORRUGATED CABLE CHANNELS

On the image 28 corrugated flexible cable channels for installation and laying works are presented.

Rice. 28 Cable channels for installation work

Corrugated cable channels can be of different diameters and are designed to accommodate various cables and wires ( rice. 29).

Rice. 29

They can be made of low pressure polyethylene (HDPE) and self-extinguishing polyvinyl chloride (PVC) - more reliable, but also more expensive. The latter is more fireproof. Cable channels, or corrugations, protect cables from environmental influences and, to some extent, from mechanical damage. For more reliable protection against damage, there is a metal sheath for the wires.

In order to pull the cable through the corrugated channel, you must first twist the ends of the wires ( rice. thirty).

Rice. thirty Before laying the cable in the corrugation, twist the ends

Each corrugated cable channel has a special wire so that it can be used to pull the cable through the channel ( rice. 31).

Rice. 31 Corrugated wire for pulling through

This operation is best performed by two people, especially if the length of the cable channel and cable is large enough. If there were no assistants, you need to stretch the cable channel and fix its far end with a rope or insulating tape to some immovable object (for example, to a pole).

The twisted ends of the cable must be firmly attached to the wire ( rice. 32).

Rice. 32 The ends of the cable must be attached to the wire

Then you should evenly pull the cable through the corrugation.

When the dragged cable appears from the nearest hole, it is necessary to accurately measure its desired length and only then cut off a piece ( rice. 33).

Rice. 33 Measure the desired length of the cable and only then cut off a piece

A modern residential building is saturated with a large number of electrical equipment, the operation of which requires connection to a 220 or 380 V network, i.e. the presence of a large number of electrical wires. At the same time, the volumes of application of computer equipment for various purposes in the residential sector are growing rapidly. All this leads to the need for laying and fastening numerous wires.

Power and information wiring wires are designed for stationary operation. This means that after the installation is completed, they must be securely fixed. Further in the article, we will consider popular options for fastening wires and cables to the wall and ceiling, depending on the type of gasket.

open laying

The open laying of reins differs in simplicity and high speed of implementation. Its drawback as a method of fixing wiring is the deterioration of the aesthetics of the premises. Therefore, open cable laying is referred to:

in auxiliary premises such as garages, basements, cellars;
in cases where there are no cable channels in the premises;
when decorating residential premises in a fairly popular one.

Regardless of the field of application of open fastening, the author of the project can apply a number of tools.

For cable bundles, which are often also referred to as (decorative) cable ducts, are extruded from a flame retardant polymer. As a means of forming cable routes, they are very common in the installation of electrical wiring in offices. They are not common in city apartments, but when laying wiring in summer cottages they are very popular because of the ease of installation.

They are closed products with a base and a removable or hinged lid for aesthetics and harness attachment. The removable cover is attached to the base with side latches as shown in Fig. 1. Channels can have a rectangular or triangular section. Rectangular channels are installed horizontally at a height of about 80 cm along the perimeter of the room; with their help, descents to switches are often performed.

Rice. 1. Examples of single-section cable ducts of various cross sections

Triangular hollow plastic baseboards are convenient because they provide fastening of the edges of the carpet.

Segment-type channels are also available, which withstand high compressive forces and are designed for unprotected floor mounting.

Removable or integral baffles can be provided within any type of duct to form separate sections for wiring harnesses and to meet fire safety regulations.

Channels are completed with a number of accessories:

various angles (flat, internal, external);
end caps;
transitions;
butt pads;
bases for installation of sockets, switches, sensors.

An example of a channel with accessories is shown in fig. 2.

Figure 2. Decorative cable duct with accessories

Due to the fact that decorative boxes combine the best properties of open and closed laying, they are unique in a set of such advantages as:

good aesthetic parameters;
ease of installation and subsequent laying of wires, installation of switches, sockets, regulators;
fixation reliability;
high level of protection of wires from external influences throughout the entire service life.

The main means of fastening the cable channel is a screw screwed into a pre-installed plastic plug. The distance between the attachment points is approximately 50 cm.

Plastic and metal staples

Plastic and metal clips are the most common wire holders for exposed wiring. They are a small part with a recess for round cables and a hole for a fastener. With plastic brackets, the fastening screw or nail is often already installed in the housing during production, which facilitates installation, fig. 3.

Figure 3. Plastic bracket with screw

The recesses and, accordingly, the brackets have different sizes. Due to the best aesthetic parameters, it is advisable to fasten with plastic brackets in residential areas.

Metal staples can work for clamping and clamping. The latter are divided into one-blade and two-blade. Their design is clear from Fig. four.

Rice. 4. Variants of execution of single-bladed metal staples: a) clamping type; b) clamp type

The bracket is functionally similar to the dowel-clamp, which is shown in fig. 5. It differs only in the method of fastening. For installation, a hole is drilled in the wall, and the clamp pre-dressed on the cable is inserted into the hole, if necessary, sending it there with a hammer.

Rice. 5. Dowel clamp

When installed on the ceiling, this component takes on the functions of a plastic suspension.

Clips

The plastic clip or cable clamp can be considered the second most popular simple fastener. Holds the cable in working position due to the compressive action of the springy jaws. Not recommended for use as a mounting hanger. The design is clear from Fig. 6.

Rice. 6. Clip for cables of different diameters

In the majority of cases, the main fastening element of the clip is a screw, which ensures reliable fixation. Clips for adhesive installation are also available.

Clip sizes are for single wire. If it is necessary to lay several wires, the clips are installed next to each other, for which the contacting side surfaces are provided with a system of protrusions.

A feature of the use of this type of clip is strict control of the fit of the mounting hole to the diameter of the wire.

Large clips are also used for fastening thin-walled metal pipes, flexible cable ducts with a corrugation diameter of up to 50 mm.

insulators

The insulator is a small barrel with an additional circular groove, offset from the transverse axis of symmetry, and a central hole for the mounting screw. Due to the groove, a characteristic cap appears on the insulator, which is clearly seen in Fig. 7. The edges of the case are smoothed, which protects the wire insulation from damage and improves aesthetics.

Rice. 7. Colored ceramic insulator

Previously made of exclusively white ceramics. Now, due to the growing popularity of retro style in the design of apartments, colored ceramic insulators are widely available.

The insulator is used to fasten the twisted wire, and when fixing the wire, the pairs are slightly moved apart and put under the cap on the fixing groove. When changing the direction of the gasket, the insulator is installed directly at the top of the corner, and the wire, due to the relatively low strength of the turns, must be additionally fixed on it with a wire.

The known effect of sagging wires is eliminated by choosing the distance between the insulators. The recommended value of this parameter is 0.5 m, if necessary, it can be increased to 80 cm.

Clamp-tie

Clamp-screed - a universal fastener that is designed to fix conductors. Most often used as part of other fasteners. Some types of clamps do not require additional components when forming cable routes.

The tie-tie is a plastic belt with an integral lock, which is made as its continuation, fig. 8. The belt is provided with corrugation, which does not allow it to leave the castle. The lock can be supplemented with a ring that allows you to fix the clamp with a screw on any flat surface.

Ties as fasteners are also used when laying wires and pipes on cable trays.

Rice. 8. Clamp coupler with additional mounting platform

A remarkable feature of plastic ties is their ease of use. For fastening, the belt is threaded into the hole of any latch, wrapped around a single cable, bundle of wires or, after which the screed is fixed by tightening the belt.

An incompletely tightened tie acts as a hanger, replacing the metal band.

Telephone cable attachment

Despite the widespread use of twisted pair, when connecting to a network of fixed telephones, the subscriber telephone cable TRP continues to be used. Because of its distinctive appearance, this wire is often referred to as "telephone noodles".

To fasten the TRP, ordinary shoe or other nails of suitable size are used, which are driven into the wall through a polymer constriction specially provided for this purpose between two insulated copper conductors, fig. 9.

Rice. Fig. 9. Cross-section of the TRP cable (“telephone noodles”) and the orientation of the nail during fastening

Hidden gasket

Hidden gasket is used if there is a stretch, suspended or false ceiling in the room. The nature of the area of operation allows you to reduce to a minimum the requirements for the aesthetics of elements of hidden fixation.

Platform with mounting hole

This simple mounting component is a plastic square piece with one or two lugs on the front. After installing the pads, the cable can be secured with ties.

Rice. 10. Platform with two pairs of eyelets for ties

Less common are platforms with a plastic clamp integrated into it.

The platform can be fastened with glue or with a screw (less often with two, an example is in Fig. 10). When fastening with a screw, the central part of the platform is provided with a mounting hole.

Dowel-clamp or dowel necklace as a fastening element - a combination of dowel with mounting platform. Assumes the use of a separate screed. Sometimes the screed is an integral component of the dowel, such a design is shown in Fig. eleven.

Rice. 11. Dowel clamp with integral tie

To increase the strength of the fastening, the usual notch is replaced by a developed ribbing of the plastic dowel rod with round areas of small thickness. During installation, the dowel is driven into a hole, the diameter of which is somewhat smaller than the diameter of the fins. The holding force is increased by bending the plates back.

Quick-drying mortar (alabaster, gypsum)

Quick-drying compounds, the functions of which are most often assigned to alabaster or gypsum, are used to fasten a cable or tube in a strobe. When referring to this method, a strobe with a cable or tube laid in it is coated approximately every 50 cm with a small amount of mounting compound. This and the rest of the cover is covered with mounting tapes.

The strengths of this fastening method are low cost, high laying speed, complemented by the possibility of laying without special fasteners. The main disadvantage is the low capacity of the channel (no more than two wires), as well as the difficulty of laying a corrugated tube in the strobe.

We must also not forget that the laid wire is difficult to replace when it fails.

clamps

Clips are structurally similar to clips and are often combined with them in one group. The main difference is a different principle of fastening the wire: with a rigid integral clamp. The design of this element is shown in Fig. 12.

Figure 12. Snap Clip

Cable clips can also be grouped, as shown in fig. 13. The group mounting component is distinguished by the presence of several landing slots for wires or plastic pipes, closed by a common fixing bracket.

Rice. 13. Three-post group clip-clip

Clips as fastening elements due to the increased structural complexity have a higher cost compared to classic clips. They are attractive because they allow you to fix cables of different diameters. At the same time, in addition to rigid fixation, they can perform the functions of a free wire support component.

Features of the use of point fixation elements

When constructing outdoor wiring, only black plastic components should be used. The black color of the plastic is given by carbon black, which is introduced into the feedstock. This additive is an excellent stabilizer and prevents the decomposition of plastics under the action of the UV component of sunlight.

The frequent fastening of a cable to an already laid one is a gross mistake. This method is expressly prohibited by the current rules for professional laying and it is useful to extend it to the domestic area. The reason for the ban is that the design of the fastener is designed for those masses and mechanical loads of any kind that are typical for a single cable or a group of cables of a certain size. If the load is exceeded, the element may collapse.

When installing clamps such as a single-legged metal bracket or its plastic counterparts at the points of flat turns of the cable line, the fastening elements should always be located on one side as shown on the left side of Fig. fourteen.

Figure 14. Scheme of the arrangement of fastening elements of single-leg brackets when turning the cable: on the left - correct, on the right - incorrect

The frequency of installation of point fixation elements depends on the rigidity of the cable. Based on the provisions of the “Guidelines for the construction of linear structures of local communication networks”, it is advisable to adhere to the values \u200b\u200bgiven in the table here.

Conclusion.

In the process, a large number of cable fastening elements, their bundles and pipes of cable routes can be used. The choice of a specific method of fastening is carried out taking into account the ease of installation, local features of the room, aesthetic parameters of the solution, and fire safety requirements. Both single and group laying is possible. Reliable fastening is achieved by observing the standards in terms of the selection of components and control of the distance between the fixation points.

Types and methods of execution

According to the material used for the conductor, the wiring is divided into manufactured:

from copper;
from aluminium. Regulatory documents currently allow the use of aluminum only for products with a conductor cross section of at least 16mm 2, therefore, such wiring is almost never used inside buildings.

According to the method of execution, electrical wiring is divided into:

open, located on the surfaces of ceilings, walls, along beams, trusses;
hidden, located inside parts, structures of buildings. Hidden is also considered wiring made in the voids of partitions and behind ceilings.

When laying on the ceiling, the floor material is also taken into account.

On reinforced concrete floors

In buildings with monolithic or prefabricated reinforced concrete floors, open wiring is used very rarely. In this case, the installation is carried out directly on the surface of the ceilings, on insulators, in boxes, electrical corrugated tubes (corrugations), pipes, metal hoses, cable channels. Temporary wiring is allowed to be freely suspended.

When attaching the wiring to the surface of the ceilings, nail clips are used (in this case, the nails are driven into pre-mounted dowels), dowel clamps, dowel ties. Before installation, the location on the ceiling of electrical appliances, lamps, cables is marked.

For wiring in pipes, corrugations, metal hoses, special clips or dowel-clamps are used. At the beginning of work on the ceiling, the places for attaching lamps and cables are marked. Then the installation of pipes, corrugations or metal hoses is carried out, in which cables are pulled with the help of wire. More often in buildings with reinforced concrete floors, hidden wiring is carried out along the ceiling.

If the overlap is monolithic, wiring must be provided at the stage of construction, for this, the cables are placed in plastic or metal pipes, which are attached to the reinforced frame even before the concrete mixture is laid.

They should be fastened to structural reinforcement using plastic ties or wire.

Fastening the wiring to the bearing rods is not allowed. To replace the wires, they are simply pulled through embedded pipes using steel wire, or the old wire being replaced is used as a conductor.

The device of non-replaceable wiring embedded in panels and monolithic floor structures is not allowed.

In precast concrete floors for wiring, voids in slabs are used. Marking the location on the ceiling of fixtures and appliances. After that, the plate is drilled in the required places, and a cable is pulled with the help of a wire. Please note that this installation method is applicable if the direction of the wiring coincides with the direction of the voids in the slab.

If there is no possibility of laying inside the structure, it is allowed to install non-replaceable wiring under a layer of plaster. For this, flat cables are used, which are fastened to the ceiling with wire, steel tape, nail clips before plastering. The second way is to plaster the ceiling and lay the wiring in the grooved channels. There must be no crossing of flat cables when laying under plaster. If this is not feasible, the insulation at the intersections is reinforced with three to four layers of insulating tape.

Chasing floor slabs or monolithic structures is strictly prohibited.

It is also unacceptable to lay cables in the seams between the floor panels.

On wooden floors, beams, trusses

According to wood structures, wiring can be both open and hidden. Open wiring on the ceiling is carried out in the same way as for concrete structures. All mounting products must be made of metal or non-combustible material.

Fastening wiring to the ceiling along insulators in modern construction is used extremely rarely, mainly to imitate the old interior in an apartment. More often, wiring is installed in corrugations or metal hoses, which are mounted to the ceiling with clips. Often, pipes are also used, which are fastened with clamps. Cables are pulled into pipes or sleeves fixed on the surface using steel wire.

Increasingly, plastic cable channels are used for electrical wiring on wooden surfaces. This material does not support combustion, and the plastic is painted during production and imitates the texture of wood. Cable channels of suitable section are fixed on the ceiling surface with screws or self-tapping screws..

In places of bending, cable channels are cut at an angle. It is convenient to do this using a carpenter's miter box. Special products for bends and branchings are also produced. They greatly simplify the installation of electrical wiring on the ceiling. Further, cables are placed inside and closed with snap-on covers.

Concealed wiring is carried out on wooden ceilings in a layer of plaster, under plasterboard, or inside ceiling structures.

When installing in plaster, the cables must be fastened along the asbestos strip or steel tape. Clamps or nail clips are used to secure the cables.

It is strictly forbidden to fasten the cable by nailing it between the conductors. If the wiring is installed in channels punched in the plaster, it is possible to attach the cables with a quick-drying mortar with the addition of alabaster.

When performing, it is not necessary to ditch the channels, since the sheets are attached to a frame made of metal profiles. It is imperative, when laying behind suspended ceilings, to place cables inside metal pipes, which allow localizing the ignition of the wiring when a short circuit occurs. Pipes are allowed to use steel water and gas, or copper.

The diameter of the pipes must ensure that the required number of cables of the required size are laid. Before use, the pipes are inspected, crumpled are rejected. Then they are cut into pieces of the required length and threaded at the ends of the steel pipes. It is imperative to remove notches and burrs that can damage the cable insulation.

Sections of pipes are interconnected with corners or couplings. Copper pipes are bent with special pipe benders.

It should be noted that when wiring any type of wiring in an apartment, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of replacing it due to physical wear and tear or an emergency. Properly executed, they will ensure long-term and safe operation of the entire building or structure.

Today we can no longer imagine our life without a large number of electrical appliances. They have penetrated into every corner and have become an integral part of everyday activity. That is why high-quality laying and fastening of wires has become an urgent problem not only for production sites and office premises, but also for residential premises.

There are two types of fastening: open and hidden type. Further, we will consider each of the options in detail and find the best solution for all possible situations.

hidden type

Naturally, during construction or major renovation, fastening of electrical wiring is carried out in a hidden way in specially prepared channels - strobes. The absence of the need to comply with aesthetics during electrical installation expands the possibilities of fastening. Next, a number of effective and practical methods will be considered.

Dowel clamps and dowel ties

The advantage of this type of fastening is its low cost and obvious practicality. For attaching wire using a clamp or screed, it is necessary to drill holes in the wall or on the ceiling with a puncher at a distance of 30-35 centimeters from each other. Make sure that the cable fits snugly against the wall, there are no kinks or creases. If you have chosen a dowel-clamp, then it is enough just to insert it into the hole. The latter does not require additional efforts, but the reliability of fastening will be low.

In the case of dowel-screeds, you will need to additionally drive in an expander peg, which will significantly improve the quality of fastening

Fast drying mortar

This method is the fastest and most reliable. But its use requires some skill, because prepared alabaster or plaster- quick-drying. Therefore, there is a risk of not having time to attach the entire wire to the wall. As in the case discussed above, the cable is laid in a pre-prepared ditch (strobe) and glued with a solution every 40-50 centimeters. The obvious advantage of this method is that there is no need to drill walls and buy additional materials. But it will be quite difficult to fix more than three wires.

Homemade staples

If the repair budget is limited and every penny counts, mounting brackets can be made independently. For this thin steel strips are required or a standard two-core cable, cut into pieces of 6-7 centimeters. Further, everything is simple: a hole is made in the center of each strip into which a dowel is inserted. The latter is hammered into a pre-prepared hole in the wall. If the mounting surface is wooden, you can completely do with simple nails.

obvious the disadvantage of this method is long preparation time for the staples themselves. And also if the staples are left uncovered, rust spots may subsequently appear on the wallpaper.

The second type of mount we'll look at would be:

Open

Usually, this type of wiring is in demand in wooden houses, sheds and utility blocks. This eliminates the need for strobes, which significantly speeds up the process itself.

Cable channels

Cable channels - it is the most modern and practical way open wiring. In this case, both a rather attractive appearance and a low price play a special role. The practical advantage is that you can easily fix a group of wires. Channel installation is quite simple. It is necessary to remove the cover, fix the channel on the wall with self-tapping screws, lay the cable and reinstall the cover simply by snapping it into special latches.

Clips

Like fastening method only valid if the wires are located in plastic or corrugated pipes. It is important to choose clips according to the size of the pipe! Next, we proceed according to the standard plan:

we fasten the clips to the wooden surface with the help of self-tapping screws;
in a concrete or brick wall, you will need to pre-drill holes into which dowels are driven in and clips are already fixed on them.

Most often, this type of fastening is used when there is a need to conduct external wiring.

insulators

For this type of attachment, the wires must first be twisted into a tight bundle. Further, porcelain barrels crash into the wall and become the basis for fixing the wiring. Tip: in order not to waste time on twisting and fixing it, you can purchase already prepared harnesses in specialized stores.

Nail and other staples

This mounting method is widely known even among non-professionals. This type of fastening is used for laying both telephone and television cables. There are two types of staples: flat and arched. All such brackets have nails in their kit, so there should not be any particular problem with their fastening. Pretty practical option for mounting above the plinth. The disadvantage is the rather low strength of the nails themselves, so such staples should always be kept in reserve in order to replace the damaged one at any time.

For fastening thin wires, experts recommend using a drive. Outwardly, it is similar to a screw and is screwed into the wall in the same way, and a cable is wound onto the directly protruding thread.

Mounting area

This method is used when the wire needs to be laid on the tile. The installation site does not require any holes to be drilled or nails to be driven in. It is attached with a self-adhesive side and holds quite firmly. It is not recommended to use this type of fastening in rooms with high humidity.

It is worth considering separately cable wiring issue through the wall. To do this, it is necessary to drill a hole larger than the sleeve installed in it. In this case, you must adhere to several rules:

If the wall is made of refractory material, then the wires should be enclosed in a box or a piece of pipe.
If the wall, for example, is wooden, then a steel pipe (or a box made of any non-combustible material) must be laid in the hole.

The above have been discussed optimal and efficient modern methods of attaching wires to the wall, which should not cause much difficulty even for an unprepared person. However, be careful and make sure that it is not connected to a live line before laying the cable!