Where is it better to break an orchard on the site. How to properly plant fruit trees - seedlings of apple trees, pears and cherries on the site. Proper site planning - video

A rare owner of a private house prefers not to plant fruit trees on his plot. Everyone usually wants to have a fruit garden - in spring, trees delight with wonderful flowering and aroma, and fruits and berries from your own garden always seem much tastier than those bought in a store or market, besides, you know that these are environmentally friendly products. In the art of Feng Shui, the image of a blooming orchard is a symbol of abundance and prosperity. The layout of the garden is a responsible matter, their growth and ability to bear fruit will depend on how correctly you plant the trees, so this task must be taken with great attention.

An example of the design of vegetable beds - they do not have to be square or rectangular, the original beds resemble flower beds

What do you need to know before planning?

Before you start planning your garden, you need to take into account the following important factors:

What is the size of the area can be allocated for an orchard. For trees with spreading crowns, a distance of 4 sq.m.
terrain. For an orchard, flat terrain or a gentle slope would be ideal, cold air lingers in the hollows, excessive moisture, these areas are unfavorable for fruit trees.
Soil analysis of your site. Fruit crops have a powerful root system, the soil must be fertile to provide it with good nutrition. Stony, clay, sandy soil is not suitable for a garden. The proximity of groundwater negatively affects the growth of trees.
Presence of heat and light. For most fruit trees, it is important that there is plenty of light and heat; in the shade, they grow and bear fruit much worse. It should be said about the area with a constant strong wind - the wind interferes with normal pollination, dries the soil, often damages crops and breaks tree branches. A high fence or green spaces can partially protect against winds.

Planning starts with a blueprint on paper. If there is already a house on the site, you need to start planning from it. A map of the site, the contours of the house and other buildings, as well as places where trees already grow, are applied to the paper on a scale.

This site is protected from the wind by trees planted around it, which have already grown enough to provide protection.

If the site is not built up yet, a place for building a house is applied to the scheme. The layout of the garden on the site suggests the presence of a front garden. The house should face the street, in front of it there is a strip of land for the front garden. Its size depends on the area of the site - for someone it is only a meter, for someone it is 6-8 meters. In a small front garden, flowers, raspberries and berry bushes are usually planted, in a large one - ornamental trees, flowers or several fruit trees at the discretion of the owners.

For large fruit trees - apple trees, pears, take a place in the northeast side of the site, between them and fruit and berry bushes - a place for smaller trees - cherries, plums.

An example of the layout of the garden and vegetable garden - the site is divided into two parts. In the first - a house surrounded by a front garden and beds with vegetables, the second half - an orchard with trees planted in rows

In general, it will be convenient to draw a site plan, put on it all the existing buildings, the proposed location of the garden and vegetable garden. On the site you need to mark the holes for planting trees. Try to plant trees at a distance so that as they grow, they do not obscure each other. Heap-growing bushes and trees in the garden do not grow well, in addition, conditions are created for diseases of horticultural crops. In fruit trees, the root system is powerful, it should develop freely.

Advice. If your site is overgrown with wild shrubs, there are stumps on it that need to be uprooted, do the necessary work and burn the wood residues. Collect the ashes in a dry place, it will come in handy when creating fertile beds.

Usually, the layout of an orchard involves planting trees in such a way that they do not obscure the neighbors' plots, but it is not uncommon for a tree to grow near the fence itself, providing both owners and neighbors with fruits, while no one has any complaints.

Today it is fashionable to give the beds an original shape, for example, a pizza garden. The highlight is that from the round beds in the center, the rest diverge like slices of pizza, forming a circle.

At the borders of the site, raspberries, blackberries or berry bushes are usually planted, which also bear fruit well in shading.

Landscaping and regular planning

Below are examples of garden planning for lovers of order and clarity of form and for those who like it when plants in an orchard are also planted according to the scheme, but give the impression of natural areas.

Landscaping involves the arrangement of trees and other crops in a free order, close to natural. In such a garden, in addition to fruit crops, decorative ones are also widely used.

An example of a free-plan garden - vegetable beds on the left and top, fruit trees planted in groups in the center and on the right

With regular planning, trees and shrubs, as well as vegetables in the garden, are planted in strict rows at the same distance. The landing pattern also has a strict geometric shape - a square for sections whose length and width are almost equal, and a rectangle for sections whose length is much greater than the width.

An example of a regular layout of a garden with a vegetable garden is a clear geometry, the site is divided into regular squares, rectangles, plants are planted in rows

Where are the best crops to plant?

These are trees and shrubs that grow well and bear fruit in your latitudes. For the middle lane, these are pears, apple trees (it is advisable to plant several trees of different varieties), different varieties of plums and cherry plums, cherries. Cherries and apricots will ripen in warm latitudes. Berry bushes - all varieties of currants, gooseberries, blackberries, raspberries. With a small area of \u200b\u200bthe plot, shrubs are conveniently located around the perimeter.

If you plant several apple trees, among which there will be summer, autumn and winter apple trees, the fruits will delight you at different times of the year

An example of an interesting layout of the garden - paths diverge from the square of slabs in the center, between which there are beds, different crops are planted on each of the beds. Get comfortable with any of them.

On vegetable beds nearby, you need to plant crops that grow well in close proximity to each other:

cabbage, cucumbers, peas;
white cabbage, dill, potatoes, onions, lettuce, celery;
tomatoes, peas, carrots;
horseradish, potatoes, beans, onions, cabbage.

When you draw a diagram, decide which plants to plant and in what quantity, you can start marking the garden on the ground, buy seedlings and prepare the soil.

How to plant trees in an orchard

m2
Berry plantings are also provided on the site:
- fruit trees - 146,

Do not plant gooseberry bushes next to black and red currant bushes.

It is also recommended to plant trees from buildings at a distance of 3 m so that the plants are not in the shade during daylight hours.
An example of an interesting garden layout - paths diverge from a square of slabs in the center, between which beds are located, different crops are planted on each of the beds. Get comfortable with any of them

An example of planning a garden and a vegetable garden - the site is divided into two parts. In the first - a house surrounded by a front garden and beds with vegetables, the second half - an orchard with trees planted in rows

Before you start planning your garden, you need to take into account the following important factors:

Of course, fertilizers must be applied to the planting pit: humus from manure, leaves, compost, wood ash. When planting fruit and berry crops, I do not apply mineral fertilizers, as they can cause burns to the roots. In overripe. manure and leaves, compost, ashes have all the nutrients necessary for the plant, and at first this is quite enough.

Let's talk about the rules for the correct (tautology, of course, but it sounds so) planting garden, fruit trees and shrubs in a summer cottage. Whoever received a plot this year and has already managed to plan it, can now start planting fruit trees, as well as berry bushes.

) and alpine slide (
):

20 raspberry bushes, 5 - honeysuckle, 12 - currants (including 4 - red), 4 - gooseberries. Berry bushes planted in rows along the boundaries of the site also serve as a hedge. When placing them, spatial isolation of crops that have common pests is provided.
- berry and ornamental shrubs - 165,

Alexander Zharavin, agronomist

There are two main styles of site planning: regular, or geometric, and landscape, or natural. On vegetable beds nearby, you need to plant crops that grow well in close proximity to each other:

In general, it will be convenient to draw a site plan, put on it all the existing buildings, the proposed location of the garden and vegetable garden. On the site you need to mark the holes for planting trees. Try to plant trees at a distance so that as they grow, they do not obscure each other. Heap-growing bushes and trees in the garden do not grow well, in addition, conditions are created for diseases of horticultural crops. Fruit trees have a powerful root system, it should develop freely.

What is the size of the area

The dose of applying these fertilizers: organic 10-12 kg, ash 2-3 kg per pit. Of course, the quality of the soil must be taken into account: more organic matter is added to heavy clay soils, more ash is added to acidic soils, and ash must be limited to neutral and alkaline soils.

Pits for planting should be dug as early as possible, preferably if this was done back in July. The distance between the trees depends on the variety, as well as the size of the site.

vsaduidoma.com

- a house with a veranda and a house adjoining area with a playground, a garage and decorative landscaping - 150;

In the recreation area, a playground is planned close to the house so that the children are constantly under the supervision of adults. It is better to fence off the site from the rest of the garden with a small picket fence. On both sides, at the entrance to the recreation area, we suggest planting pyramidal arborvitae, as well as irgu and chokeberry. Next to the bench (on both sides) lilac is appropriate, and in three corners you can place flower beds, for example, with roses. The center of the recreation area will be decorated with a decorative pond, and the entire free area will be green with a lawn.

What do you need to know before planning?

- flower beds near the house - 8,

On this page we publish layout plans for plots of 6 and 10 acres. With regular planning, they maintain strict geometric shapes of the placement of trees and bushes, beds for vegetables and strawberries, observe the same distances between plants.
cabbage, cucumbers, peas; Council. If your site is overgrown with wild shrubs, there are stumps on it that need to be uprooted, do the necessary work and burn the wood residues. Collect the ashes in a dry place, it will come in handy when creating fertile beds.
can be allocated for an orchard. For trees with spreading crowns, a distance of 4 sq.m. is required. The most important condition for the growth of fruit trees is also the level of groundwater.
On a plot of 6-8 acres, apple and pear trees are located at a distance of 3-3.5 m from each other, plum, blackthorn, cherry, sea buckthorn - 2-2.5 m, currant bushes, gooseberries - in rows of 1 m, between in rows of 2 m. Raspberries when planted in a line of 15 cm. Bush - 0.5 m.). Here you can also place a corner for family recreation (

- a recreation area with a swimming pool, an alpine slide, family and quiet recreation areas, a lawn and all decorative plantings - 150,

On the beds

- roads - 42.

Over the past decade, our summer cottages have changed. Instead of the obligatory huge potato wedge, lawns, flower beds, ponds, alpine slides, ornamental trees and shrubs, and places for recreation appeared. Now the purpose of the cottage is not only to feed, but also to help relax after the bustle of the city. Therefore, along with fruit and vegetable plantings, in all the schemes proposed to you, decoratively designed corners are provided.

The scheme for planting fruit trees and berry bushes can be square, rectangular and chess.

White cabbage, dill, potatoes, onions, lettuce, celery;

Usually, the layout of the orchard involves planting trees in such a way that they do not obscure the neighbors' plots, but it is not uncommon for a tree to grow near the fence itself, providing both owners and neighbors with fruits, while no one has any complaints.

Terrain

For the successful growth of apple and pear trees, it should be no closer than 1.8-2.3 m, and for cherries and plums - at least 1.3-1.8 m from the soil surface. Under the pear, you need to choose the warmest place on the site, protected from the northern and northeastern cold winds. Plum, blackthorn, sea buckthorn and especially mountain ash love moist soils, as their root system is mostly horizontal.

The diameter and depth of the pits should be: for apple and pear trees - at least 1 m, for cherries, plums, blackthorns, sea buckthorn and mountain ash - at least 0.6 m. less than 0.5 m

Landscaping and regular planning

- strawberry and vegetable beds - 120,

With vegetables (60 m2) and strawberries (45 m2), cultivation is provided for in crop rotation - this is an indispensable condition for sustainable harvests. small greenhouse (

With such a layout, all the provisions of the model charter of a horticultural partnership for the placement of buildings and plantings, as well as fire safety standards, are taken into account. The house is not close to the road, and the distance between shrubs and the border with neighboring plots is at least 1 m, fruit trees - 3 m.

The layout of 6 acres is given mainly in a regular (geometric) style, which simplifies a modern solution in a small area without sacrificing aesthetics (

Where are the best crops to plant?

Square placement is convenient in areas whose length slightly exceeds the width. A rectangular landing pattern is more suitable for elongated areas.

tomatoes, peas, carrots;

. For an orchard, flat terrain or a gentle slope would be ideal, cold air is retained in the hollows, excessive moisture, these areas are unfavorable for fruit trees.

Note:
Some "experts" say, but I planted it in a shallower hole and nothing, it grows. Yes, it will grow, however, you will not get that development, fruiting and longevity with an insufficiently large hole. "Do not save on matches," - folk wisdom says for good reason.
), bounded on all sides by a hedge. Here we offer to put a wooden table, benches, barbecue for family meals. Above them, you can stretch an awning of a simplified design.
- greenhouse - 22,

diz-cafe.com

Site planning, placement of plants on the site

The organizational axis of the site is a meter-wide walkway covered with concrete slabs or bricks. The household complex, consisting of a barn, shower, toilet and compost heap (4-7), is located away from the house and recreation areas on the northern border of the site. In sanitary terms, it is better if it is interlocked with the neighbor.

A feature of the landscape style is the free placement of plants, close to that which we observe in nature. Such a layout always gives the site charm and attractiveness.

Horseradish, potatoes, beans, onions, cabbage.

At the boundaries of the site, raspberries, blackberries or berry bushes are usually planted, which also bear fruit well in shading.

Soil analysis of your site.

What to plant under the trees in the new garden

In addition, on clay soils, when digging holes at a specified depth along the bottom, you need to drill 3-4 holes with a depth of 1-1.5 m with a drill and fill them with rubble.

Playground (

- a bed with perennial vegetable crops,

) with a size of 16 m2, located in the north of the site, will allow you to have early vegetables, seedlings, etc.

Fruit trees are arranged in rows from north to south, because this contributes to better illumination of the plants. A vigorous apple tree and pears have a feeding area

When laying a garden, special attention is paid to the apple tree, which grows well and gives a high yield almost everywhere.

When you draw a diagram, decide which plants to plant and in what quantity, you can start marking the garden on the ground, buy seedlings and prepare the soil.

Below we give examples of garden planning for lovers of order and clarity of forms and for those who like it when plants in an orchard are also planted according to the scheme, but give the impression of natural areas.

Fruit crops have a powerful root system, the soil must be fertile to provide it with good nutrition. Stony, clay, sandy soil is not suitable for a garden. The proximity of groundwater negatively affects the growth of trees.

The issue of selecting herbaceous perennials for planting under young trees and shrubs must be approached very thoroughly, because not all plants can develop normally on soil penetrated by roots, and even in shading conditions.

This will be an amazing drainage for groundwater runoff. It is better to replace the excavated clay from the pit with soddy soil and also add 8 clay of coal slag, crushed stone and brick (crushed). When backfilling holes, each layer of earth as thick as a spade bayonet (about 20 cm) must be well watered. If this is not done, then in the spring the earth will settle and the root neck will drop, from this the tree may enter the fruiting season much later and will also bear fruit poorly.

Not fit into the crop rotation (sorrel, mint, catnip, etc.), - 7,

bestgardener.ru

Planning a plot in the country for 6 and 10 acres, schemes

For more decoration

Planning a summer cottage on 6 acres

The approximate area of the functional zones offered to you turned out to be the following (m2): Strawberries, currants, gooseberries and raspberries should grow from berry crops in the garden. This article is for those who are just about to buy a summer cottage, and for those who decide to uproot old fruit trees and shrubs and plant new ones.

Landscaping involves the arrangement of trees and other crops in a free order, close to natural. In such a garden, in addition to fruit crops, decorative ones are also widely used.

The presence of heat and light.
Among other factors, the natural conditions of plant life will serve as a guide. So, herbaceous perennials “living” in forests, for example, noble liverwort, lungwort or astrantia,
Landing must be done together.
) is placed so that on three sides it is surrounded by a hedge, and on the fourth - part of the wall of the house. Such an arrangement allows you to include this wall in the playing area, that is, hang a drawing board, a rope ladder, etc. on it.
- garden - 481,
on both sides of the house
, dwarfs -
- garden house with a terrace - 20,
Strawberries propagate easily and are fast-growing: they begin to produce crops in the second year after planting. On average, 1 kg of these sweet berries are harvested from 1 m2.
Some gardeners tend to plant relatively heat-loving crops closer to the south side.

An example of a free-plan garden - vegetable beds on the left and top, fruit trees planted in groups in the center and on the right

For most fruit trees, it is important that there is plenty of light and heat, in the shade they grow and bear fruit much worse. It should be said about the area with a constant strong wind - the wind interferes with normal pollination, dries the soil, often damages crops and breaks tree branches. A high fence or green spaces can partially protect against winds.

In the light shade of deciduous trees they feel just fine. Even less light is needed for yasnotka, common sorrel and many types of ferns. Some thick-rooted plants (cyclamen, springweed) and early spring bulbs also like to grow under the foliage canopy. Next to trees with superficially creeping roots, you can plant, for example, large-rhizome geranium, large-leaved brunner and hoof. One supports the seedling, spreads the roots along the earth cone in the hole, and the second falls asleep. It is necessary to plant a tree so as not to deepen the root collar (the place where the roots go into the trunk). To do this, a board with a cut in the center is placed on the edges of the pit and the level of the root collar is planned along it (and not by eye). The central root of the seedling is directed downwards vertically, and the rest of the root system is placed evenly down the circle of the stem of the seedling. If we allow the interlacing of the roots, then with growth they will crash into each other, which will lead to a premature drop in yield, and then the death of the whole plant. - hozblok - 17,, as well as at the entrance to the site there are flower beds. A pergola with climbing plants of actinidia kolomikta and magnolia vine will give a special exotic touch to the site. 2.5x3.5 m- parking - 8,

Black currant deserves great attention, the berries of which contain many vitamins. Its average yield is at least 2 kg per bush. Redcurrant gives a large and regular harvest.

However, at the same time, they sometimes forget that taller plants obscure the lower ones, and everyone needs light. With regular planning, trees and shrubs, as well as vegetables in the garden, are planted in strict rows at the same distance. The landing pattern also has a strict geometric shape - a square for sections whose length and width are almost equal, and a rectangle for sections whose length is much greater than the width.

Planning starts with a blueprint on paper. If there is already a house on the site, you need to start planning from it. A plot diagram, the contours of the house and other buildings, as well as places where trees already grow, are applied to the paper on a scale.

Creating "seats" with subtrees - and you need to remove weeds, loosen the soil and, if necessary, fertilize it with compost - it is very important not to damage the roots of the "giant". If the soil under the tree can only be loosened superficially or not at all, pour a layer of soil 10 cm thick on top so that young plants can take root. Prepare pegs for tying trees ahead of time and place them obliquely from east to west at a distance of 35-40 cm from the trunk sapling.

On a plot of 10 acres, both styles were used: landscape when planning a recreation area and regular when placing fruit trees, shrubs, strawberry and vegetable beds ( , stone fruit crops -- hozblok (barn, shower, toilet, compost heap) -14,

Planning a summer cottage on 10 acres

Gooseberries are superior in yield to all other berry crops: on average, 3-4 kg are harvested from one bush. Raspberries propagate easily, but their yield is on average 0.5 kg / m2. Therefore, experts recommend arranging trees and bushes so that they do not shade each other. Fruit trees should be grouped in one place, berry bushes in another, a vegetable garden and strawberries in a third. An example of a regular layout of a garden with a vegetable garden is a clear geometry, the site is divided into regular squares, rectangles, plants are planted in rows

This area is protected from the wind by trees planted around it, which have already grown enough to provide protection. Until the undersized "neighbors" take root, plantings need to be regularly weeded and watered. This setting of the peg will protect the plant from tilting in strong winds and in the first two years will not interfere with the development of the roots. And more about the features of landing on sandy soils. In this case, the pit must be made deeper than the specified size in order to "line" the bottom with a clay pillow 25-35 centimeters thick.

from the western
Compared to 6 acres, the area of this site allows you to double the recreation area. At the same time, it becomes possible to surround it on three sides with a hedge, and on the fourth (where a bench is placed and lilac bushes grow) - to provide for a trellis with climbing plants of clematis and roses. From this corner of quiet rest (
Fig. 2
3x3 m
- greenhouse - 16,
Fruit trees and shrubs should not be planted mixed or side by side.
On the south side of the site, a place is allocated for vegetables and strawberries, on the north - for apple trees, pears, and between them it is better to plant cherries, plums and berry bushes.
These are trees and shrubs that grow well and bear fruit in your latitudes. For the middle lane, these are pears, apple trees (it is advisable to plant several trees of different varieties), different varieties of plums and cherry plums, cherries. Cherries and apricots will ripen in warm latitudes. Berry bushes - all varieties of currants, gooseberries, blackberries, raspberries. With a small area of \u200b\u200bthe plot, shrubs are conveniently located around the perimeter.
If the site is not yet built up, a place for building a house is plotted on the scheme. The layout of the garden on the site suggests the presence of a front garden. The house should face the street, in front of it there is a strip of land for the front garden. Its size depends on the area of the site - for someone it is only a meter, for someone it is 6-8 meters. In a small front garden, flowers, raspberries and berry bushes are usually planted, in a large one - ornamental trees, flowers or several fruit trees at the discretion of the owners.

If you want to grow vegetables in your garden as well, the layout of the garden and vegetable garden must be considered together. It is better to take a place for beds at the southern border, from north to south, this is better for crops growing in the middle lane. Some gardeners recommend placing beds from east to west. Behind the vegetable and strawberry (strawberry) beds are fruit bushes - currants, gooseberries. Trees are planted behind the bushes, a light shade from the trees will not harm the berry bushes, and the vegetable beds should be in the sun. A deeper clay bed will not hurt either, helping to retain moisture in the root zone.- a vertical trellis entwined with a vine of Actinidia kolomikta and Schisandra chinensis. Here (near the garage) a viburnum bush was planted, and the house is decorated with flower beds on both sides. 12 ).. In the proposed scheme, 4 apple trees (including 2 dwarf ones), 2 pears, 2 cherries and 2 plums are placed on the site.- a recreation area with all the elements - 76, Currants, gooseberries and especially raspberries are placed away from apple trees. The latter are also best planted away from cherries and plums. The distance from trees to the borders of neighboring plots should be at least 3 m. Stepping back 1 m from the border, you can plant raspberries, currants, gooseberries, which bear fruit even with some shading.

How to lay out an orchard, taking into account the sun, wind, moisture and distance between crops

“For this hell, for this nonsense, send me a garden for my old age.” But in order to meet old age in a beautiful orchard, you need to plant it now. In this article, we will tell you which trees to plant on the site, how to place them correctly and how FORUMHOUSE participants do it.

At what distance to plant fruit trees and shrubs.
Where to plant non-self-pollinated plants.
How fruit crops depend on the sun and wind.
On what slopes to plant fruit trees.

Distance between plants

According to science, an orchard is set up in a place protected from the wind and well lit by the sun, ideally if the plants are spacious.

Large-sized apple trees are planted at a distance of 6-15 meters from each other, standard cherries and plums - 1.5-3 meters.

In this photo, the distance between the trees is 5 meters.

In order to properly arrange garden plantings, it is necessary to observe the distance not only between plants, but also between plants and the neighboring plot. For trees in an orchard, it is usually half the row spacing. If the row spacing is six meters, then the distance to the border with the neighboring plot is three meters. Fruit bushes are allowed to be planted at a distance of 70-80 cm. In order not to make a mistake with planting, it is better to first draw a garden plan.

But in reality, there are not so many huge plots with unlimited resources for planting large-sized apple trees, so no one can withstand a distance of 15 meters between each tree. In practice, it turns out that for successful cultivation, it is not necessary to adhere to this condition when planting planting material.

Palyonka Member of FORUMHOUSE

In practice, it is necessary to plant 5 m apart, if you estimate that each will have a crown measuring 2.5 meters in diameter. But whether your specific garden plots allow you to arrange the plants in this way is another question.

When planting fruit trees and shrubs in the garden on your site, you can focus on our table.

At what distance is it better to place fruit crops in a garden plot

Plant	Distance between plants (m)	Distance between rows (m)
Apple tree, pear
Cherry, plum		2,5-3,0/3,0
Currant, gooseberry
Raspberry
Japonica
Sea buckthorn

Tall pears and apple trees on a seed rootstock are planted according to the 5x5 scheme (at a distance of at least 5 meters in a row and 5-6 between rows), medium-sized apple trees according to the 4X4 scheme, semi-dwarfs according to the 3X3 scheme.

Raspberries can be divided into two parts, leaving between them a fence no more than a meter wide: in one, plant ordinary varieties, in the other - remontant. They bear fruit at different times, and their agricultural techniques are different.

It will be optimal to plant trees and shrubs in the garden in a checkerboard pattern, especially if you set up a garden in the "roadside" part of the garden and want to hide the house or recreation area from the views of neighbors. By the way, green spaces reduce the noise level, this property must be used.

Andrey Vasiliev, consultant of the "Orchard" section of FORUMHOUSE, is planting plums and bush cherries on the site at a distance of three meters between the trees. Currant and gooseberry bushes - at a distance of 1-1.5 meters from one another, a meter is not enough.

Andrey Vasiliev Consultant of the "Orchard" section on FORUMHOUSE

You can also plant between the trees, while they grow, the berry bearer is already bearing fruit, and it will not be difficult to transfer (chopping off a part from the bush in the fall) if the variety is already very good.

The consultant of our portal recommends planting raspberries "separately, but not in the shade." And when planting honeysuckle, he advises not to forget that her bushes grow quite large - two meters in diameter and the same height, and place them on the site, taking into account these sizes.

Another important point that must be considered when planting fruit plants in the garden is whether they are self-pollinated or not. If not, it is necessary to add to the planting plan and be sure to plant a plant of a different variety nearby.

SB3 Member FORUMHOUSE

We plant a self-pollinated cherry with the name Y and next to it the same one with the name Z. If the Y cherry is alone next to the pears, there will be no berries.

toliam1 FORUMHOUSE Consultant

It is better to plant fruit trees in the form of a “tree-garden”, when there are several mutually pollinated varieties on one trunk.

And single-varietal breeds are best grouped by breed so that there is the possibility of cross-pollination.

Sun, wind and shadow

Shading for fruit trees is undesirable; on the site they should be maximally illuminated by the sun from morning to evening. If a gardener still has to plant a tree in partial shade, let it be a pear. A pear is the tallest fruit plant, there are practically no pears on a dwarf rootstock, therefore, no matter how much attention you pay to it, no matter how you cut it, it will grow 5-6 meters high. Therefore, it is not scary if a pear is planted next to a bathhouse, another outbuilding, and for half a day it turns out to be its shadow. In five or six years, this large tree will grow taller than the tallest building on the plot.

Fruit trees on the site are covered from the prevailing winter winds (building, fence, etc.). It’s easy to determine which direction of the wind will dominate in winter - see which side of the house has less snow (sometimes it sweeps literally to the ground). If there is little snow from the east, then the wind blows mainly from the west in winter, and so on.

Andrey Vasiliev

Everything tall - to the north, all the most tender - to the best places under cover from the prevailing winds in winter.

It is better to plant a plum exactly where all the snow is blown out by strong winds. The plum has a tendency to decay and does not tolerate places where snow accumulates; where even a small snowdrift sweeps, a little more than 40 cm, the plum will not grow.

ground water

Fruit trees do not grow well in areas with close groundwater. For successful growth and development, apple and pear trees need a plot with a groundwater level of two meters, and preferably further. In suburban areas with close groundwater, these trees with large roots do not grow for more than 10 years and do not have time to form a large crown. Therefore, if there is no other way out, they can be planted close to each other (2 meters) and renewed in turn every 10 years. There is no other way to grow normal trees and get good enough fruit yields from them.

In stone fruits, the root systems do not go so deep into the depths, so they can be planted in suburban areas where groundwater is at a depth of 1.5 m and further; in berry crops, the depth may be less.

Relief and landscape planning

The best for gardens are considered to be with a steepness of less than 8 °. In most regions, the southern, southwestern and southeastern slopes are considered the best for gardening, they always have more sun and higher air and soil temperatures. But this advantage can also turn into a disadvantage: it is warmer in such areas, so in spring the plants bloom on them earlier, often in the midst of spring frosts. For this reason, fruit crops should not be planted on the eastern slopes of the summer cottage: after a frost that catches flowering plants, they thaw too quickly on the eastern slope.

Experts advise setting up gardens in the middle part of the slope, because the winds always blow above and there is not enough moisture, while below, on the contrary, it is too wet and cold. In pits and hollows, where fog flows in the morning, gardens do not need to be laid out. The cold air that stagnates in them is harmful to plants, these places are especially dangerous during frosts.

But with all these troubles,

slopes are better for planting fruit trees and shrubs than flat areas.

I want the garden to be not only fruitful, but also beautiful, and landscape designers do not eat their bread for nothing. But when grouping plants on a plan, it is necessary to take into account agricultural technology, soil features in your summer cottage, proximity to groundwater, a tendency to grow, and so on.

It is difficult to imagine a traditional summer cottage without vegetable beds, fruit bushes and trees. This triumvirate determines its content and serves as the main content, without which the territory becomes somehow irregular. Let's leave the first two species outside the scope of the article, and today we will learn how to properly plant an orchard so that in a few years you can get fresh and tasty fruits from it.

Is it worth doing it

The answer will be unequivocal - definitely worth it. In addition, the orchard will also decorate the summer cottage and create shaded places where it will be pleasant to spend time during the summer heat.

Also, the visual component should not be discounted, especially during the flowering period, when fruit trees are dotted with pink and white flowers that fill the atmosphere with aroma. We strongly recommend that gardeners do not put off planting fruit seedlings, then after 2-3 years you will have organically grown vitamins grown on your own on the table.

In this article, we will answer three questions:

how to properly set up an orchard in a summer cottage;
which seedlings to pay attention to and when it is better to plant them;
how to choose the right place for an apple or pear tree.

Choosing a site for planting fruit trees

Let's start with the most popular mistake of beginner gardeners - they try to plant trees on the site as they see fit and convenient for them. They do not carry out any calculation of distances to nearby objects, which will subsequently “go sideways”.

A typical situation - a small and neat pear suddenly turned into a giant plant, which not only interferes with moving around the yard, but also fills it with its fruits. The result - you have to fight off stinging insects all day long, which turn a vacation in the country into a completely non-vacation. Experience shows that usually fruit trees are cut down in the country not because they have become old, but because they were unsuccessfully planted at the very beginning.

Tip: remember, adult apple trees can have a crown size of 6x8m, stone fruits - 3x5m.

Plant fruit trees no closer than 5 m from the house. In this case, even the largest root system will not be able to destroy the foundation of the building in the future, in addition, the branches in windy weather will also not irritate with their knock, but most importantly, they will not break the slate and brick pipe.
You should not plant a tree near the path either - the roots of the plant can destroy it after some time, and the branches will make the passage too difficult.

You do not need to allocate space for an orchard right next to, otherwise you will simply give half of the crop to your neighbors. It can also become a convenient "hole" into your territory for intruders. In addition, often because of the branches, a conflict between neighbors begins, ending in the destruction of a good tree. It is better to step back from the fence by 4 m.
In the garden, the aisle of fruit trees should be such for:

apple and pear trees - 6x4 m, for dwarf varieties the distance is 4x3 m;
plums and cherries - 3x2.5 m.

Tip: in this case, there should be at least three meters to the fence.

- 3-6 m, since only weeds can grow under such a dense crown, and nothing at all under a nut.
Place the future orchard in the northern part of the garden - it will not shade the site so much, and will also protect the vegetable beds from cold winds.
On an uneven landscape with a slope, give the lowland under the plum - it is winter-hardy and requires high soil moisture, the middle - cherries, cherries, apricots and peaches, the top - sea buckthorn and drought-resistant plants.

Tip: the sanitary instructions for planting trees in cities require that a pear and an apple tree not be planted closer than 5 m from the house.

How to choose seedlings

So that you do not lose your head in the market from the variety of offers, we recommend that you weigh everything well at home and write it down on a piece of paper.

When choosing which fruit trees grow in the garden, be aware that the most popular in the middle lane will be:

Apple tree;
pear;
cherries;
cherry;
plum;
Walnut.

In the south, the choice is much larger, so you can add - quince, peach, cherry plum. But, so that you do not decide to purchase, carefully study the condition of the plant.

Today, seedlings are usually grafted trees.

They have:

rootstock - the lower part with the root and part of the trunk. It is grown from rooted cuttings or seeds;
scion - aerial part.

Thanks to this symbiosis, it is possible to obtain plants from different varieties, the best qualities of each of which complement each other. When choosing a fruit tree seedling, we recommend paying attention to the following parameters:

Age	No one forbids the purchase of an already fruiting seedling that is 10 years old. But, buy such mature trees only with a large clod of earth or in a tub, otherwise they will die. The transportation of such seedlings will also be difficult. We recommend paying attention to 1-2-year-old plants. In this case, the age of the tree should be determined by the scion.
Barrel diameter	The stem serves to support the crown of the tree and is responsible for delivering nutrients to the branches and leaves. The diameter of a healthy seedling of a two-year-old apple tree is 20 mm, the height is about 500 mm. For stone fruit trees, it should be at least 10 mm. Make sure that the trunk is even, without damage and growths.
shoots	The main thing is their number and length. One-year-old seedlings may not have them at all, two-year-olds have at least 3 branches.
root system	Length of main roots: on rootstocks from seeds - at least 300 mm; on vegetatively propagated - 250 mm. The roots should be free of cracks and sagging.

Tip: it is most profitable to purchase annual seedlings, the price of which is lower and they take root better.
Also remember to buy tree varieties that are common in your area or grown in similar climates.

How to plant seedlings

Before planting, prepare fertilizer in advance so that the tree takes root better in a new place. Also, don't forget to put it in water for a while to replenish the moisture lost during the time it spent in the market and on the trip. Fertilizer should fill the prepared pit for a third.

Tip: make sure that mineral fertilizers do not directly fall on the root system of the tree, otherwise it may get burned and not take root in a new place.

Prepare for apple and pear trees:

compost - 20-30 l;
peat crumbs - 30-40 l;
granular superphosphate - 1 kg;
wood ash - 1 kg or potassium sulfate - 150 g.

For plums and cherries:

humus - 10-20 l;
granulated superphosphate - 300 g;
potassium chloride - 40 g;
wood ash - about 400 g.

Tip: you can replace mineral fertilizers with 2-3 buckets of humus.
In addition, remove broken roots before planting, cut off the tips of others.

Planting work is best done together - the first holds the seedling in an upright position, the other pours the earth and tamps it to secure it. At the same time, make sure that the root neck is at the level of the soil surface.

Tip: each seedling must be secured with pegs dug in next to it.

The penultimate stage is abundant watering, approximately 20-22 liters per 1 tree. Then the soil must be mulched with sawdust, humus, peat or straw.

Conclusion

Green spaces are not only pleasing to the eye, but also bring noticeable benefits, especially for fruit trees. This article told you the basic wisdom of gardeners that will help you plant an orchard with your own hands. Believe me, this will be one of the most significant events in your life, which will remain after you. The video in this article will help you find more information on this topic.

If you plant trees too close to each other or try to "make friends" incompatible crops, the garden will not bring a decent harvest. Read our article on how to avoid this.

Let's talk about what factors should be considered when arranging trees in the garden.

What plants can be planted nearby?

This is perhaps one of the most important things to find out before planting seedlings. Plant compatibility is called allelopathy. It is both negative and positive.

The best compatibility of fruit trees will be achieved if plants of the same species are planted nearby: apple trees with apple trees, pears with pears, cherries with cherries. But such a garden of the same type will look rather boring. And therefore, in our gardens, trees of different types grow, which are important to plant correctly. For example, a pear will feel great next to an apple tree and red mountain ash, while a cherry or peach will give her a lot of inconvenience.

In the case of positive allelopathy, the trees in the garden can not only exist safely in the neighborhood, but also be mutually beneficial. Therefore, before planning plantings in the garden, it is recommended to check the compatibility table of different crops.

Worst of all, the walnut gets along with the "neighbors" in the garden. This tree is considered toxic and can inhibit almost all fruit crops. Therefore, if you are going to start such a plant in the garden, find a place for it on the outskirts of the site, where it will not bother anyone.

How to make a tree planting plan?

Choosing a plot for the garden

Most trees prefer to grow in full sun. Therefore, the garden should be located so that light-loving crops (apricot, pear, peach, plum, cherry, apple tree) are located on the south or south-west side of the site. Here they will grow and bear fruit best.

If the area allotted for planting trees on your site is small, plants should be placed in steps: low - on the south side, tall - closer to the north.

Garden styles

When drawing up a garden plan, the first step is to decide according to which scheme the trees will be planted. Allocate 2 main garden styles:

regular (geometric),
landscape (natural).

When planning regular garden, cultures must be positioned so that they organize symmetrical shapes (squares or rectangles). It is advisable to "arrange" the trees in a row so that straight paths can be laid between them. It is permissible to place plants on the site and in a checkerboard pattern - so they will receive more sunlight.

If the site is on a hill, then rows of trees should be placed across the slope.

landscape style looks more natural - trees in nature grow randomly. That is, you can place the crops in any way you want (taking into account the compatibility of plants and other factors that affect their successful growth). This method of planting fruit crops is suitable for uneven areas, with depressions and mounds, since such "shortcomings" of the relief will create the illusion of a natural composition.

Selection of species and varieties of fruit trees

Once you have decided on the location of the trees and the planting pattern, it is worth considering how many and which plants to plant. To do this, it is best to draw a rough site plan with all buildings and large objects. The selection of species and varieties of horticultural crops should be carried out with the condition that they can pollinate each other.

For example, if you are planting apple trees, make sure that more than half of the seedlings are winter varieties. Their fruits will subsequently be stored until spring or even early summer.

The ripening period of the crop is also an important criterion. It is advisable to plant varieties with different ripening dates - this will extend the harvest time.

Distance between trees

In order for crops to have enough space for harmonious development, they must be planted at a certain distance from each other, as well as from buildings. So, cherries and plums should not be located closer than 3 m from the boundaries of the site (as well as from fences and buildings). It is advisable to plant apple and pear trees even further away from them.

The distance between the rows of trees grafted onto tall rootstocks should be on average about 5-6 m. In the rows between crops, a gap of 4-5 m wide should be left. If you plant fruit crops closer, they will begin to stretch ahead of time (they will reach for the sun ), their productivity will decrease, and the quality of the crop will deteriorate.

If you plan to plant trees with a small crown, the distance between them can be reduced by 0.5-1 m. With mixed placement of fruit trees and berry bushes, the distance between crops in rows should be increased by 1-2 m, and between rows - by 1- 1.5 m

culture	Distance between rows (m)	Distance between plants in a row (m)
Apricot	5-6	3-4
Quince	5-6	3-4
Cherry tall	4-5	3-4
Cherry stunted	3-4	2,5-3
Pear on a vigorous rootstock	6-8	4-6
Pear on a stunted rootstock	4-5	1,5-2,5
Sea buckthorn	2,5-3	2-2,5
Walnut	6-8	4-5
Peach	5-6	3-4
Plum tall	4-5	3-4
Plum stunted	3-4	2,5-3
Apple tree on a vigorous rootstock	6-8	4-6
Apple tree on a stunted rootstock	4-5	1,5-2,5

When to plant trees: autumn or spring?

Usually, trees are planted or transplanted only when they are at rest: in spring or autumn. In summer, such a procedure is unsafe, because the plants are in the midst of the growing season. And if you disturb a young tree at this time, then after the stress it has suffered, it runs the risk of getting sick or even dying. How to determine in which season it is right to plant trees? The choice depends on the climate zone.

Region	Time of planting (transplanting) trees
Southern regions	Trees are planted autumn. Seedlings planted in the spring run the risk of not having time to take root before the onset of hot weather. Therefore, they can get bark burns or die from a lack of moisture in the soil.
Central regions	Trees can be planted as spring, and autumn. Regardless of the time of planting, the result will be approximately the same: in a temperate climate, seedlings of fruit crops will take root safely.
Northern regions	Trees are planted spring. Not too hot spring and summer will allow the plants to adapt and timely leave for winter rest. Fruit crops planted in autumn, on the contrary, will not be able to acclimatize in time and will die with the onset of the first frosts.

How many trees to plant in the garden?

Usually, each gardener decides this individually, based on the size of the site and their needs. But on average, in order to provide fruits for a family of 3-4 people, it is recommended to land: