Shu
Shu- Egyptian deity of air, son, brother and husband. After the identification of Atum, he was considered the son of Ra.
During the creation of the universe, Shu raised the sky - - from the earth - and then supported it with outstretched hands. When Ra, after his reign, sat on the back of a heavenly cow, Shu also supported her with his hands. Thus, Shu is the god of air space illuminated by the sun; subsequently he received the character of the deity of the scorching midday sun. In the hymns (by the way, in the magic papyrus of Harris) Shu is called the overthrower of the enemies of the light, striking them with a spear and flame. Later myths told about the reign of Shu on earth together with Tefnut after the departure of Ra: "His Majesty Shu was an excellent king of heaven, earth, hell, waters, winds, floods, mountains, seas." After many millennia, he also ascended to heaven. Shu was considered the second member of the great ennead and was compared with the god of war Ankhur (the latter's name means "heaven-bearer"), revered in Thinis and Sebennit, with and.
The veneration of Shu was especially expressive in Leontopol in the Delta, from whose temple the images of Shu in the form of a lion and a man with a lion's head, as well as his throne carried by lions, passed to the Berlin Museum. Even more often he was depicted as a seated man, with his arms outstretched upwards to support the sky; many statuettes of this kind have come down to us - original prototypes of Atlantes. On the walls of the sarcophagi of the New Kingdom are usually images of him at the moment when he separates Nut and Geb.
During the creation of the universe, Shu lifted the sky - Nut - from the earth - Geb and then supported him with outstretched arms. When Ra, after his reign, sat on the back of a heavenly cow, Shu also supported her with his hands. Thus, Shu is the god of airspace, illuminated by the sun; subsequently he received the character of the deity of the scorching midday sun. In the hymns (by the way, in the magic papyrus of Harris) Shu is called the overthrower of the enemies of the light, striking them with a spear and flame. Later myths told about the reign of Shu on earth together with Tefnut after the departure of Ra: "His Majesty Shu was an excellent king of heaven, earth, hell, waters, winds, floods, mountains, seas." After many millennia, he also ascended to heaven. Shu was considered the second member of the great ennead and was compared with the god of war Ankhur (the latter's name means "heaven bearer"), revered in Thinis and Sebennit, with Thoth and Khons.
Shu("empty"), in Egyptian mythology, the god of air, separating heaven and earth, son of the solar god Ra-Atum, husband and brother of the goddess of moisture Tefnut. He was most often depicted as a man standing on one knee with his hands raised, with which he supports the sky above the earth.
The god Shu is one of the judges of the dead in the underworld. In the myth of the return of Tefnut, the solar Eye, from Nubia, Shu, together with Thoth, having taken the form of a baboon, returned the goddess to Egypt with singing and dancing, where, after her marriage with Shu, the spring flowering of nature began.
As the god of the wind, Shu was part of the Heliopolis ennead of gods. According to the Heliopolis legend about the creation of the world, he was considered the father of Geb and Nut. Heliopolis (in Greek - "city of the sun"; Egyptian name - Iunu), an ancient city in the Nile Delta, north of modern Cairo.
From the V dynasty (XXVI-XXV centuries BC) to the Ptolemaic dynasty, Heliopolis was the center of the cult of the god Ra, identified with the local god Atum, the father of the god Shu. Heliopolis itself in Hellenistic times is identified with the biblical city of On.
The veneration of Shu was especially expressive in Leontopol in the Delta, from whose temple the images of Shu in the form of a lion and a man with a lion's head, as well as his throne carried by lions, passed to the Berlin Museum. Even more often he was depicted as a seated man, with his arms outstretched upwards to support the sky; many statuettes of this kind have come down to us - original prototypes of Atlantes. On the walls of the sarcophagi of the New Kingdom are usually images of him at the moment when he separates Nut and Geb.
It is said that the Egyptian deity Shu lifted the sky from the earth and held it with outstretched arms, and also supported the back of the heavenly cow when Ra sat on her back, after his reign. The Egyptian deity Shu was also called the god of air space, which is illuminated by the sun. Because of this, he also received the character of the deity of the burning midday sun.
In hymns and in the miraculous papyrus of Harris, he is called a fighter, destroying the enemies of light with fire and a spear. Later myths tell that after the departure of Ra, the deity Shu, together with Tefnut, reigned on earth.
He was an excellent king of the underworld and the waters, the sky and the earth, the winds and the flood, the mountains and the sea. After millennia, he ascended to heaven.
The Egyptian deity Shu was compared with the god of war Ankhur (“bearer of the sky”), who was revered in Sebennit and Thinis, with Khons and Thoth. He was the second member of the great Ennead.
He was depicted as a lion or a man with a lion's head, but most often in the form of a seated man, with his arms outstretched upwards in order to hold the sky. The throne of this deity was carried by lions. On the walls of the sarcophagi, he was depicted at the moment when he separates Geb and Nut.
Egyptian idea of the sky. The god Seb lies on the earth, and the god Shu supports the goddess Nut - the modern Galaxy.
Our working hypothesis remains the same - "The One Lord, at different times gave different peoples the same knowledge about Himself and about the Universe, but in a different guise"
INTRODUCTION
VEDIC GOD LORD SHIVA AND EGYPTIAN GOD SHU
COMMENT 1:
It is significant to note that in Shaivism, according to the Shiva Purana, Shiva is the creator of both Vishnu and Brahma . However, in Vaishnavism and their scriptures, Shiva is the great devotee of the supreme personality of god krishna(Srimad Bhagavatam). However, Lord Shiva is a liberated being and can take on a four-armed form like Krishna and Vishnu.
VEDIC GOD LORD SHIVA
Shiva personifies the cosmic consciousness, the static masculine principle of the universe (Purusha), “ opposite" Shakti (Prakriti), dynamic feminine principle of the universe .
In the late period of the development of the mythological worldview of India (Puran period, approximately 300-1200), Shiva united with the creator Brahma and supporter (comm. our universe ) Vishnu. Shiva is part of the supreme triad (trimurti) as the destructive beginning of the universe (comm. after the end of the period of existence of our universe ). At the same time, in some traditions of India, such as Kashmir Shaivism, Shiva is an absolute deity, performing the functions of both creation and destruction. .
Rice. one. Statue of four-armed Shiva. Sandstone, 11th-12th century, Cham Sculpture Museum, Vietnam. ( comm. The palms and fingers of the two back hands of Shiva are folded in the sacred Wise ( comm . Arrow of Vadra above his head, which suggests an appeal to another deity, who is higher than Shiva in status )».
FORM OF SHIVA -
Ardhanari or Ardhanarishvara
Rice. 2. The figure shows Shiva in the form − Ardhanarishvara (Skt.) - the form of Lord Shiva in the form of two halves, ( comm. as in the human body) on right (male ) - Lord Shiva, left (feminine ) the wife of Shiva - Mrs. Parvati (Durga ). Close to Lord Shiva vahana - bull Nandin(other ind. " happy "- a servant and friend who accompanies the cosmic dance ( tandavu ) Shiva). On Nandina Shiva moves in space and time. Close to Mrs. Parvati (Durga (hard to reach )) – mother goddess. Her vahana the lion on which She also moves in space and time.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: " Ardhanari or Ardhanarishvara(Skt. अर्धनारीश्वर, Ardhanārīśvara IAST) is an androgynous Hindu deity, the combined form of the deity Shiva and his wife, the goddess Parvati (also known as Devi, Shakti and Uma). Ardhanarishvara is depicted as half man, half woman. As a rule, the right side of the deity is depicted as Shiva, and the left side as Parvati. The mythology of Ardhanarishvara is expounded in the Puranas. The origins of the deity Ardhanarishvara should be sought in the hermaphrodite figures of ancient Indian and ancient Greek cultures. Earliest depictions Ardhanarishvara date back to the Kushan period. Iconography Ardhanarishvara gradually developed and reached its peak during the Gupta period. Although Ardhanarishvara continues to be one of the popular iconographic forms in Shaivite religious art, there are very few temples dedicated to this deity.
Ardhanarishvara personifies the synthesis of the male and female energies of the universe (Purusha and Prakriti) and shows how the female form of God — Shakti, inseparable from the male form - Shiva. The unity of these two forms is proclaimed the root of the entire universe. According to another interpretation, Ardhanarishvara symbolizes the all-pervading nature Shiva.
With the help of knowledge about the matrix of the Universe, we will analyze in more detail the form Shiva – Ardhanarishvara, by combining the image of this form with the Upper World of the matrix of the Universe ( comm. the world of the gods) :
Rice. 3. The figure shows the image of Lord Shiva in the form Ardhanarishvara, combined with the Upper world of the matrix of the Universe. Shiva's eyes are located at the 22nd level of the Upper world of the matrix of the Universe. The aura of glow around the head of Shiva extends up to the 27th level of the Upper world of the matrix of the Universe. The remaining details of the combination are clearly visible in the figure.
FORM OF SHIVA
parasiva, Paramashiva
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia:
« parasiva, Paramashiva(Skt. परशिव paraśiva IAST, Skt. परमशिव paramaśiva IAST - “ Super Shiva ”) - in Shaivism and in close Shaktian schools, the highest aspect of Shiva, the Absolute reality. It's Shiva like tat IAST in mahavakya tat tvam asi IAST - "You are That", - unattainable for consciousness (people) , impersonal, outside of time - space - form - Sachchidananda -vigraha (Skt. सच्चिदानंदविग्रह, saccidānandavigraha IAST) - and inaccessible to description. This is the one whom Advaita Vedanta calls Nirguna Brahman ( comm. Unmanifested Reality) (English) - in contrast to the Saguna Brahman (English), the Manifested Reality, called Parashakti (Paramashakti ).
Merge with Him in mystical union - the goal of all embodied souls, for which they live on this planet and which gives the deepest meaning to their experiences. Achieving this is called self-realization or nirvikalpa samadhi.
veneration Shu was especially expressive in Letopol in the delta, from the temple of which the images were transferred to the Berlin Museum Shu in the form of a lion and a man with a lion's head, as well as his throne, carried by lions. Even more often he was depicted as a seated man, with his arms outstretched upwards to support the sky; many figurines of this kind have come down to us - original prototypes of Atlantes. On the walls of the sarcophagi of the New Kingdom, images of him are common at the moment when he separates Nut and Geb.
COMMENT 4:
Here are some figures confirming a number of theses from the previous text:
- "At ( comm. creation of the Universe) Shu lifted the sky - Nut - from the earth - Geb and then supported him with outstretched hands.
Rice. 5. god in the picture Shu stands in the center with raised hands. He divided the earth god Hebe (down below) and the sky goddess chickpeas(up). According to the myth, they constantly clashed because of their children. At the bottom of the picture English written: "Above the head of God Shu the hieroglyph is located heck or Heqt , meaning the magical power and strength that the god possesses Shu. In the work on the site - (Posted on July 9, 2013 in | ) we spoke in detail about the sacred purpose of the stars on the body of Nut. In this case, the Egyptian priests depicted the 21st star on the body ( goddesses of the stars) chickpeas.
Rice. 6. The picture shows a god Shu standing on the right knee. Arms Shu raised up, where a kind of arc supports an ellipsoidal object standing on its head. But it is definitely not the sun, as is often believed in modern Egyptology. Egyptian priests could, with modest means, put whole concepts of sacred knowledge into drawings, taking into account the knowledge about the matrix of the Universe that they possessed. Moreover, almost all sacred drawings were made by priests in the matrix of the Universe. The template of the matrix of the Universe was removed, and the proportions of the drawings and the drawings themselves were opened for public viewing . Thus, the secret of knowledge about the matrix of the Universe was preserved.
Compatible Image Shu(Fig. 6), standing on the right knee with the matrix of the Universe. Since, according to our hypothesis, the Egyptian god Shu and vedic god Shiva identical deities , then the combination of the image of God Shu kneeling on the right, we will draw on top of the image Shiva in the shape of Ardhanarishvara, which is shown in figure 3 .
Rice. 7. The figure below shows the result of combining the image of the Egyptian god Shu(Fig. 6) with the matrix of the Universe on top of the image of God Shiva in the shape of Ardhanarishvara. The key to combine the image of the kneeling god Shu with the matrix of the Universe was the height of the base (BUT), equal to the distance between two adjacent levels of the matrix of the Universe, as shown in the figure . god eye level Shu combined with the 14th level of the Upper World of the matrix of the Universe. To the right of the knee of God Shu (AT) shows a scale of 8 levels of the matrix of the Universe. According to the proportions of the human body, if god Shu stands upright, then the level of his eyes will be aligned with the level of the eyes of the standing god Shiva in the shape of Ardhanarishvara. This is shown by the second scale ( AT) in 8 levels, going up from the eye level of the kneeling god Shu. The remaining details of the combination are clearly visible in the figure.
Rice. eight. The figure shows the result of combining two images of the Egyptian god Shu(Fig. 6), standing vertically one above the other, with the Upper world of the matrix of the Universe. Eye level standing god Shu combined with the 22nd level of the Upper world of the matrix of the Universe, as well as the Level of the eyes of God Shiva in the previous figure.
SUMMARY
Shu and vedic god Shiva ,
We continue the presentation of the results of our research:
According to the Vedas "Original Creator" - Mula Purusha creates a new universe from the five primary elements - Panchamahabhuta. In our work on the site, we considered this issue in detail - (Posted on April 13, 2013 in | ). Below in the figure we will show from this work the records in Sanskrit of these concepts in the Upper world of the matrix of the Universe.
Fig.9. The figure shows the entries " Names-Names » in Sanskrit to the Upper world of the matrix of the Universe: 1 ) Mula Purusha and Mula Prakriti. 2) Consistently - from top to bottom from the 40th level of the Upper world of the matrix of the Universe, records in Sanskrit are shown “ Names-Names » « five elements ". Their names and order are as follows: 1) Akasha–(आकाश, ākāśa) "visibility" - 2) Wayu- (वायु) - "wind", "air" - the god of the wind - 3) Agni(Sanskrit अग्नि, “fire”, - 4) Jala- (जल jala) - "Water" (water) - 5) Prithivi(Skt. पृथिवी, pṛthivī IAST) or Prithvi(Skt. पृथ्वी, pṛthvī.) - "Earth". It can be seen from the figure that the words on the left - Mula Purusha and right- Akasha and Wayu occupy the same space from the 40th to the 21st level of the Overworld inclusive. The order of the primary element Wayu behind Akash is confirmed, in particular, by the provision - " According to one of the legends, Vayu appeared from the breath of Purusha and is the personification of the world breath. - prana. From the 20th level of the Upper World of the matrix of the Universe, the following primary elements are located respectively - Agni, Jala, prithvi. They occupy similar spaces of the Overworld with Mula Prakriti (Primordial "Matter" ) Moreover, the primary element “ Earth » - pri-thwi the second syllable in the word passes into the Lower world of the matrix of the Universe. The whole word occupies a position at the transition between the Upper and Lower worlds of the matrix of the Universe. As a result, we can say that: 1) Primary element Akasha (« visibility », sound ) – « pervades» the entire Universe from the 40th level of the Upper World of the matrix of the Universe to « the bottom of the Universe » — up to the 36th level of the Lower World of the matrix of the Universe. 2) Primary element Wayu (vayu) ("wind") - also " pervades» the entire Universe from the 28th level of the Upper World of the matrix of the Universe to the "bottom of the Universe". 3) Accordingly - the primary element Agni (« the fire ") - also " pervades» the entire Universe from the 20th level of the Upper World of the matrix of the Universe to « the bottom of the Universe ". 4) Accordingly - the primary element Jala("water") also " pervades"the entire Universe from the 12th level of the Upper world of the matrix of the Universe to" the bottom of the Universe ". 5) Accordingly - the primary element prithvi("earth") also " pervades» the entire Universe from the 4th level of the Upper world of the Universe matrix to the «bottom of the Universe». Thus, from the 4th level of the Upper World of the matrix of the Universe and below, in any space of the matrix of the Universe, all are present and can interact with each other " Five elements". As for " Akashic Records "(Akasha Chronicles: C. Leadbeater) then in terms of protection and preservation of all information about events in the Universe from the moment it was " creations» the thinnest primary element Akasha perfect for this role.
So, it turned out the following. one). Akasha(visibility) gives birth to Vayu (wind). 2) Wayu(wind) gives birth Agni(the fire). 3) Agni(fire) gives birth Jala(water). 4) Jala(water) gives birth prithvi(Earth).
Now we can put together everything discussed above. As a result, we get the original picture-map-platform to continue our research.
Rice. ten. The picture shows: 1 . below are two superimposed kneeling images of the Egyptian god Shu symbolizing the figure of a standing god Shu, as in Figure 8. Above this image, in Sanskrit letters, the word Vaikuntha, indicating the location of the only Spiritual planet in our Universe. A characteristic oval object above the head of the upper image of the god Shu can be considered as an indication for the presence of a spiritual planet above it Vaikuntha(shown with colored arrow ). 2 . On the right, vertically, the names of the five primary elements are written in Sanskrit letters - Panchamahabhuta, with which Primal Creator creates our universe. 27th the level of the Upper world of the matrix of the Universe is a space, in or on the which gathers all the Souls of spiritual beings from our universe, ready to move to the Spiritual planet Vaikunthu. All human soul forms are present there, and even Dragon and Serpentine soul forms. In fact, all beings in the universe, mobile and immobile, are spiritual beings. It will be interesting for the reader to get acquainted with the facts " movements » motionless creatures (stones). We talked about this in our work on the site - (Posted on November 1, 2010 in | ) (see the Appendix section). On the 28th level is located Huge, horizontally extended Altar ”, through which Souls, being transformed, pass to the Spiritual planet – Vaikunthu in our universe.
It remains to be noted that like the Lord Shiva there are His feminine aspects ( shakti ) in the form of goddesses - Parvati and Durga, and the Egyptian god Shu eat it sister-wife Tefnut.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia:
CONCLUSION
- So, the very matrix of the Universe and knowledge about it as " sacred key "once again allowed us to hold" comparison » two gods from different cultures of antiquity. We have been able to show convincingly enough that the Vedic god Shiva and egyptian god Shu identical deities. We have obtained similar results in a large number of publications on the site. And in our case, we can also conclude that the sacred symbols of different times of the peoples were created by the sages of antiquity according to the laws of the matrix of the Universe, as in " pattern ”, and based on knowledge about it. In this context, we can say that the matrix of the Universe is " sacred basis » the vast majority of sacred symbols of different religious traditions throughout the history of our universe. In particular, the alphabets of different times and peoples, which are also sacred symbols (see section "Author's articles"). It can also be said that the sages of antiquity actually described certain spaces of the matrix of the Universe with sacred symbols.
- Thus, with the help of knowledge about the matrix of the Universe, we managed to show that the image of the Egyptian god Shu and vedic god Shiva may be considered identical. If we add to this, the possibilities and statuses of these two great deities described above , then we have the right to conclude that in two different cultures - Egyptian and Vedic, we see identical gods . Moreover, we can conclude that the beliefs of the ancient Egyptian priests are close to the Vedic tradition, and the religion of Ancient Egypt is " A unique form of the Vedic religion of antiquity ". Moreover, knowledge about these cultures can complement each other.
In our next publications, we will see confirmation of our conclusions.
Our working hypothesis that - "The One Lord gave different peoples at different times the same knowledge about Himself and about the Universe, but in a different guise" was once again confirmed.
This is where we stop the presentation of the results of our research in this part of the work.
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2 comments: “The Book of Genesis. Egyptian trace of hoary antiquity. The Vedic god Shiva and the Egyptian god Shu are identical deities. Part II"
In the article, the Author showed a new discovery about the Vedic god Shiva and the Egyptian god Shu. With the help of knowledge about the matrix of the Universe, it has been convincingly proved that the images of the Egyptian god Shu and the Vedic god Shiva are identical. In conclusion, the author suggests that the beliefs of the ancient Egyptian priests are close to the Vedic tradition, and the religion of Ancient Egypt is a "Unique form of the Vedic religion of antiquity." Moreover, knowledge about these cultures can complement each other.
The working hypothesis that - "The One Lord gave to different peoples at different times the same knowledge about Himself and about the Universe, but in a different guise" was once again confirmed.
A unique work, executed in detail and convincingly. I read it with great interest. I thank the author for his selfless work and the search for new discoveries.
Amazing article! It reveals such knowledge! And most importantly, the author shares the secrets of reading sacred symbols and texts. For example, when analyzing the Buddhist image of Shiva under the name of Isana: It turns out that the fingers of the deity's hands are folded in the vajra wiser, which may indicate an appeal to another deity, higher in status than Lord Shiva. By analogy, it is now possible to analyze other images of deities.
The comparison of Shiva with the Egyptian god Shu is simply amazing! If we turn to the image of Shiva's statuses in the matrix of the Universe (the form of Ardhanarishvara), then it is clear that the 27th level of the matrix (this is the uppermost level of the space of Ardhanirishvara) corresponds to the primary element of Vayu - the wind. And the god Shu, who occupies the same spaces in the Upper world of the matrix of the Universe, is the god of air, which is close in meaning to the wind. Even the vahana of the female aspect of Ardhanarishvara and the god Shu coincide - this is the Lion - (Tefnut)! Obviously, all this cannot be just a coincidence, there are direct parallels between these gods!
From article to article, the veil over the secrets of hoary antiquity really opens before us, different from the usual speculative picture of the description (interpretation) of the texts of the book of Genesis. I thank the Author for this wonderful study!
According to an ancient myth, Shu came out like a breath from the nose of the great god Atum. Together with his sister and wife Tefnut (dampness), Shu (air) personifies the forces necessary for life. Beyond this, Shu is identified with the sun, and Tefnut with the moon. Their two children are the sky goddess Nut and the earth god Geb. With raised hands, the god of air, the father, bends the sky upwards and thus separates it from the earth; Shu takes over the function of the bearer of the sky. By identifying Atum with Ra, Shu becomes the "son of Ra", and then Shu, who fights for the sun, sometimes receives the head of a lion. In other cases, he is depicted in human form with his sign-picture (feather) on his head.
Ruler of the universal element of air and interstellar space. He is the son of the Progenitor Atum-Ra, brother and husband of Tefnut - the universal moisture. During the creation of the universe, Shu raised the sky - Nut from the earth - Hebe and then supported him with outstretched hands. When Ra, after his reign, sat on the back of the celestial, Shu also supported her with his hands. Thus, Shu is the god of airspace illuminated by the sun. Subsequently, he received the character of a deity carrying the heat and light of the scorching midday sun. His In hymns, as in the magic papyrus of Harris, Shu is magnified as the conqueror of the enemies of light, striking them with a spear and flame.
Later myths told about the reign of Shu on earth together with Tefnut after the departure of Ra: "His Majesty Shu was an excellent king of heaven, earth, hell, waters, winds, floods, mountains, seas." After many millennia, he also ascended to heaven. Shu was considered the second member of the Great Nine and was compared with Thoth and Khonsu in the Theban tradition. The veneration of Shu was especially pronounced in Leontopol in the Nile Delta.
From the temples of which the images of Shu in the form of a lion and a man with a lion's head, as well as his throne carried by lions, were transferred to the Berlin Museum.
Even more often he was depicted as a seated man, with his arms outstretched upwards to support the sky; many figurines of this kind have come down to us - original prototypes of Atlantes. On the walls of the sarcophagi of the New Kingdom are usually images of him at the moment when he separates Nut and Geb.
Shu, Tefnut, Geb and Nut
Shu and Tefnut are the first divine couple on earth. They have one soul.
According to the Heliopolis cosmogony, these gods were born by Atum at the beginning of creation: Shu arose as the god of the wind, and Tefnut-Maat as the goddess of the world order, and only thanks to her Atum was able to create the world. In the cosmogony of Memphis, Tefnut is sometimes identified with the "heart and tongue of Ptah", that is, his original Word and Thought, which were embodied in Atum and Tefnut-Maat. Traditionally, in the religion of Ancient Egypt, Tefnut was revered as the goddess of moisture.
After the world was created, Tefnut became the Eye of Ra - the Solar Eye, the keeper of justice and laws.
The Golden Age has come - the time when the gods lived on earth together with people. The gods reigned in turn, replacing each other on the earthly throne. The first and longest was the era of the reign of Ra - the god of the Sun, "Lord of All That Is."
At the beginning of the Golden Age, Tefnut quarreled with Ra. Having assumed the form of a lioness, she left Egypt and went south, to Nubia (Egypt. Kush), into the desert.
Tefnut was the goddess of moisture, so when she left, disaster struck the country - a terrible drought. The rains have stopped in the Nile Delta; the hot rays of the Sun dried up the soil along the banks - it cracked and became hard as a stone; date palms have ceased to bear fruit; The Nile became shallow and sandstorms began. People were dying of thirst and hunger.
Then his majesty Ra summoned the god Shu to himself and commanded him: - Go, look for Tefnut in Nubia and bring this goddess back!
Shu turned into a lion and went in search of his sister. He soon managed to find her. Shu told her for a long time and eloquently what grief befell her homeland, and, finally, moved Tefnut to pity, convinced her to return. When they came to Egypt together, the Great River immediately overflowed and generously nourished the meadows and arable land with water, and gushed into the lands of the Delta (the sky is the life-giving "heavenly Nile" - the rain The drought ended and the famine stopped.
After Shu brought his sister from the Nubian desert, he married her. From this marriage, a second divine couple was born: Geb, the god of the earth, and Nut, the goddess of the sky. Geb and Nut loved each other very much even in the womb of their mother and were born tightly embraced. Therefore, at the beginning of creation, heaven and earth were merged into one.
According to some researchers, there were five thousand gods in ancient Egypt. Such a huge number of them is due to the fact that each of the many local cities had their own gods. Therefore, one should not be surprised at the similarity of the functions of many of them. In our list, as far as possible, we tried not only to give a description of this or that celestial, but also to indicate the center in which he was most revered. In addition to the gods, some monsters, spirits, and magical creatures are listed. Our table gives the characters in alphabetical order. The names of some gods are designed as hyperlinks leading to detailed articles about them.
Our table of Egyptian gods can be used in school to prepare 5th grade students. See also: Gods of Ancient Greece - list, Gods of Ancient Rome - list, Gods of Ancient Scandinavia, Gods of Ancient India - list, Gods of ancient Slavs - list.
Top 10 Gods of Ancient Egypt
Amat- a terrible monster with the body and front legs of a lioness, the hind legs of a hippopotamus and the head of a crocodile. It lived in the fiery lake of the underground kingdom of the dead (Duat) and devoured the souls of the dead, who were recognized as unrighteous at the court of Osiris.
Apis- a black bull with special marks on the skin and forehead, which was worshiped in Memphis and throughout Egypt as a living embodiment of the gods Ptah or Osiris. The living Apis was kept in a special room - Apeion, and the deceased was solemnly buried in the necropolis of the Serapeum.
Apop (Apophis)- a huge serpent, the personification of chaos, darkness and evil. He lives in the underworld, where every day after sunset the sun god Ra descends. Apep rushes to Ra's barge to swallow it. The sun and its defenders fight nightly with Apophis. The ancient Egyptians also explained solar eclipses by the serpent's attempt to devour Ra.
Aton- the god of the solar disk (or rather, sunlight), mentioned as early as the era of the Middle Kingdom and proclaimed the main god of Egypt during the religious reform of Pharaoh Akhenaten. Unlike most other representatives of the local pantheon, he was depicted not in a "beast-human" form, but in the form of a solar circle or a ball, from which arms with palms stretch to the earth and people. The meaning of Akhenaten's reform, apparently, consisted in the transition from a concrete-figurative religion to a philosophical-abstract one. It was accompanied by severe persecution of adherents of former beliefs and was canceled shortly after the death of its initiator.
Atum- the solar god revered in Heliopolis, who created himself from the original chaotic Ocean of Nun. In the midst of this Ocean, the primordial hill of the earth also rose, from which all the dry land originated. Having resorted to masturbation, spitting out his own seed, Atum created the first divine couple - the god Shu and the goddess Tefnut, from whom the rest of the Ennead descended (see below). In archaic antiquity, Atum was the main solar god of Heliopolis, but later he was pushed into the background by Ra. Atum began to be revered only as a symbol setting sun.
Bastet- the cat goddess from the city of Bubastis. It personified love, female beauty, fertility, fun. It is very close in religious meaning to the goddess Hathor, with whom she often united.
Bes- (Demons) dwarf demons favorable to a person with an ugly face and crooked legs. Peculiar kind brownies. In ancient Egypt, figurines of Demons were widespread.
Maat- the goddess of universal truth and justice, the patroness of moral principles and firm legality. Depicted as a woman with an ostrich feather on her head. During the trial in the kingdom of the dead, the soul of the deceased was placed on one scale, and the “feather of Maat” on the other. The soul, which turned out to be heavier than a feather, was recognized as unworthy of eternal life with Osiris. She was devoured by the terrible monster Amat (see above).
Mafdet- (lit. "fast running") the goddess of harsh justice, the protector of sacred places. It was depicted with the head of a cheetah or in the form of a genet - an animal from the viverrid family.
Mertseger (Meritseger)- the goddess of the dead in Thebes. Depicted as a snake or a woman with a snake head.
Meskhenet- the goddess of childbirth, who enjoyed special honor in the city of Abydos.
Min- a god revered as the giver of life and fertility in the city of Koptos. Depicted in itiphallic form (with pronounced male sexual characteristics). The worship of Ming was widespread in the early period of Egyptian history, but then he receded into the background before his own local Theban variety - Amun.
Mnevis- a black bull who was worshiped as a god in Heliopolis. Reminds me of the Memphis Apis.
Renenutet- a goddess revered in the Faiyum as the patroness of crops. Depicted in the form of a cobra. Nepri, the god of grain, was considered her son.
Sebek- the crocodile god of the Faiyum oasis, where there was a large lake. Its functions included managing the water kingdom and ensuring earthly fertility. Sometimes he was revered as a kind, benevolent god, to whom they prayed for help in illnesses and life's difficulties; sometimes - like a formidable demon, hostile to Ra and Osiris.
Serket (Selket)- the goddess of the dead in the western part of the Nile Delta. A woman with a scorpion on her head.
Sekhmet- (lit. - "mighty"), a goddess with the head of a lioness and a solar disk on it, personifying the heat and scorching heat of the Sun. The wife of the god Ptah. Terrible avenger, exterminating creatures hostile to the gods. The heroine of the myth about the extermination of people, which the god Ra entrusted to her because of the moral corruption of mankind. Sekhmet killed people with such fury that even Ra, who decided to abandon his intention, could not stop her. Then the gods poured red beer all over the earth, which Sekhmet began to lick, mistaking it for human blood. From intoxication, she involuntarily had to stop her slaughter.
Seshat- the goddess of writing and counting, the patroness of scribes. Sister or daughter of the god Thoth. During the accession of the pharaoh, she wrote down the coming years of his reign on the leaves of the tree. Depicted as a woman with a seven-pointed star on her head. The sacred animal of Seshat was the panther, so it was represented in a leopard skin.
Sopdu- "falcon" god, revered in the eastern part of the Nile Delta. Close to Horus, identified with him.
Tatenen- a chthonic god revered in Memphis along with Ptah and sometimes identified with him. His name literally means "rising (i.e. emerging) earth."
Tawart- a goddess from the city of Oxyrhynchus, depicted as a hippopotamus. Patroness of birth, pregnant women and babies. Drive away evil spirits from dwellings.
Tefnut- the goddess, who, together with her husband, the god Shu, symbolized the space between the firmament and the firmament. Shu and Tefnut gave birth to the earth god Geb and the sky goddess Nut.
Wadget- the snake goddess, considered the patroness of Lower (Northern) Egypt.
Upout- the god of the dead with the head of a jackal, revered in the city of Assiut (Lykopolis). In appearance and meaning, he strongly resembled Anubis and gradually merged with him in one image.
Phoenix- a magical bird with golden and red feathers, which, according to Egyptian legend, flew to the city of Heliopolis once every 500 years to bury the body of its deceased father in the temple of the Sun. It personified the soul of the god Ra.
Hapi- the god of the Nile River, the patron of crops provided by its spill. He was depicted as a man of blue or green color (the color of the Nile water at different times of the year).
Hathor- the goddess of love, beauty, joy and dance, the patroness of childbirth and nurses, the "Heavenly cow". It personified the wild, elemental force of passion, which could take cruel forms. In such an unbridled image, she was often identified with the lioness goddess Sekhmet. Depicted with the horns of a cow, inside of which is the sun.
Hekat- Goddess of moisture and rain. Depicted in the form of a frog.
Khepri- one of the three (often recognized as three attributes of the same being) solar gods of Heliopolis. personified the sun during sunrise. Two of his "colleagues" - Atum (the sun On the Sunset) and Ra (the sun at all other hours of the day). Depicted with the head of a scarab beetle.
Hershef (Herishef)- the main god of the city of Heracleopolis, where he was worshiped as the creator of the world, "whose right eye is the sun, the left is the moon, and the breath animates everything."
Khnum- a god revered in the city of Esna as a demiurge who created the world and people on a potter's wheel. Depicted with a ram's head.
Khonsu- moon god in Thebes. Son of the god Amon. Together with Amon and his mother, Mut formed the Theban triad of gods. Depicted with a crescent moon and a disk on his head.
