What is included in the boiler piping. That includes the work of tying the boiler. Classic strapping patterns

The topic of this article is tying the heating of a private house. In it, I am going to talk about what elements, in addition to the boiler and radiators, the heating circuit should include, how to choose and install them correctly. So, let's go.

Heating schemes

I'll start with a small lyrical digression.

Heating systems with water as a heat carrier are divided into:

• Open and closed;
• With forced circulation and gravity.

What does this division mean?

open and closed

An open expansion tank is mounted at the top of the open circuit.

It combines three functions:

1. Allows you to add water, compensating for its leakage and evaporation;
2. Accommodates excess water as it expands with heat;
3. Serves for removal of air jams.

In order for the air outlet to work through an open tank, the filling must be laid with a constant slope from the tank to the boiler heat exchanger.

The closed system does not communicate with the atmosphere and operates with excess pressure. Its main problem is that when heated, the coolant increases in volume and may well break pipes and heating appliances.

Gravitational and forced

The operation of the heating system with forced circulation is provided by a circulation pump - a low-power device with a screw or centrifugal impeller sitting on the motor shaft. It provides a sufficiently high flow rate in the pipes and, accordingly, fast and uniform heating of heating devices.

The Achilles' heel of forced circulation is the energy dependence of the pump. In conditions of short-term outages, an uninterruptible power supply can save the situation, but with a long absence of electricity, the heating will cease to perform its functions.

This disadvantage is devoid of a system with natural circulation, which is provided by the difference in the density of cold and hot water.

The principle of its work is extremely simple:

• The water heated in the heat exchanger of the heating boiler (usually solid fuel) is displaced through the accelerating manifold into the upper part of the circuit by colder coolant masses;
• From there, it moves by gravity along the contour, gradually giving off heat through radiators;
• The cooled water returns to the heat exchanger, and after it is heated, the cycle repeats.

The theory has been completed. Let's move on to practice.

Gravitational open system

Elements

In a gravitational open system, the piping of a pellet heating boiler or other solid fuel heat source includes:

• Accelerated collector. In essence, this is just a short vertical filling section immediately after the boiler;
• Open expansion tank. As a rule, its volume is taken approximately equal to 10% of the volume of the coolant in the circuit.

The easiest way to find out the capacity of the circuit is to fill the heating system with water and drain it into a bucket of a known volume or any other measuring container.

In addition, shut-off valves are installed at the inlet and outlet of the boiler. They allow you to turn off the heat exchanger for repair or maintenance, without dumping the entire volume of coolant.

Such taps are installed in any system, regardless of its type and heat source.

Scheme

It is extremely simple: the expansion tank is mounted at the top filling point after the accelerating manifold. Optionally, it is supplied with a tap for filling the circuit with water. At the lowest point of the system, a tap is installed to completely drain the coolant: it will be useful if the house is left without heating in the cold.

The boiler is installed at the lowest point of the circuit (usually in the basement or pit). The difference in height between its heat exchanger and radiators, in fact, ensures stable circulation: thanks to this difference, the cooled water continues to flow by gravity.

Open system with forced circulation

Elements

The accelerating collector in this case, for obvious reasons, is not needed. Its functions are performed by a circulation pump.

When choosing a pump, you should pay attention to its performance. It is selected depending on the heat load on the circuit (read - on the boiler power) according to the following table:

When choosing a pump, you can ignore the pressure created by the pump; its minimum values ​​\u200b\u200bare enough for a private house of any reasonable size. For reference: the heating system of an apartment building is forced to circulate by a head of only 2 meters (which corresponds to an overpressure of 0.2 kgf / cm2).

Scheme

The circulation pump is installed, as a rule, in front of the boiler in the direction of the coolant: in this section of the circuit, the temperature of the coolant is minimal.

A slight change in the configuration of the circuit will allow it to work with both forced and natural circulation:

• The pump does not cut into the filling gap, but parallel to its section;
• Between the tie-ins, a ball valve or a check valve with a minimum hydraulic resistance (usually a ball valve) is placed.

When the pump is running, the bypass between the taps is closed. When the power supply is interrupted, the tap or non-return valve opens, and the heating system continues to work as a gravitational one.

closed system

Elements

Tying a boiler room in a private house with a closed heating system includes:

• Membrane expansion tank. It is a container divided by a rubber membrane into compartments for air and coolant. Unlike liquids, air is perfectly compressible and compensates for the increase in the volume of water or antifreeze;

The volume of the tank in this case is taken equal to approximately 10% of the volume of the coolant. That, in turn, in a balanced system is approximately equal to 15 liters per kilowatt of boiler power.

• Safety valve. The valve releases the coolant when the upper limit of the allowable pressure is reached;

The constant operation of the safety valve indicates an insufficient volume of the expansion tank.

• Automatic air vent. It helps to get rid of air blockages that prevent circulation;

• Manometer for visual control of pressure.

In the case of a circuit with forced circulation, the boiler piping circuit predictably turns on the circulation pump.

Scheme

Both the safety group (air vent, pressure gauge and valve) and the expansion tank can, in theory, be mounted at any point in a closed circuit. In practice, when installing a heating system with your own hands, a tank is usually placed in front of the boiler, at a distance of at least 8 filling diameters after the pump or at least two filling diameters before the pump.

Why exactly?

• The minimum temperature of the coolant increases the service life of the tank membrane;
• The absence of turbulence from the pump impeller also has a beneficial effect on the membrane resource.

The safety group is most often placed at the outlet of the boiler.

Optional elements

What other elements can the piping of a floor or wall boiler include?

Heat accumulator

This is the name of a metal or polymer tank with heat-insulated walls. As the name implies, it serves to store thermal energy.

This is useful in two cases:

1. When using a solid fuel boiler. The accumulation of heat allows you to increase the time interval between kindling and operate the boiler at rated power (and, accordingly, with maximum efficiency);
2. When heating the house with an electric boiler and having a two-tariff meter. At night, when the price of a kilowatt-hour of electricity is minimal, the boiler heats the water in the heat accumulator tank, and during the day the accumulated heat is used to heat the home.

The use of a heat accumulator implies the presence of two circuits, at least one of which works with forced circulation. The first ring connects the boiler heat exchanger and the tank, the second ring connects the heat accumulator and heaters.

Hydrogun

In essence, this is just a thick pipe with several inlets and outlets. The function of the hydraulic arrow is to synchronize the operation of several circuits with different temperatures (for example, radiators and underfloor heating).

The temperature of the water in the pipes of the warm floor is not more than 40 degrees.

Each of the circuits is equipped with its own pump and (in the case of a low-temperature circuit) a three-way valve that ensures the recirculation of the coolant.

In some cases, the function of the hydraulic arrow is performed by a heat accumulator.

How is this possible?

Inside the tank, slowly circulating water is separated by temperature: the hottest (and least dense) coolant is collected at the top of the tank, the coldest at the bottom.

By extracting water from nozzles located at different heights, you can get any temperature in the range from the boiler supply temperature to room temperature.

In the photo - connecting the heat accumulator to the different-temperature hot water systems and underfloor heating.

Collector

One of the problems with connecting heaters in series is the temperature difference between them. The supply radiators are always hotter than the return batteries, which leads to uneven heating of the rooms in the house.

The collector allows you to connect several convectors, radiators or circuits in parallel. Each outlet of the collector is equipped with its own valve or throttle, allowing independent shutdown and adjustment of devices.

Indirect heating boiler

Usually, for heating hot water, it is practiced to use a double-circuit boiler with a flow heat exchanger.

However, this solution has a couple of annoying drawbacks:

• Simultaneous operation of heating and instantaneous water heater requires a large margin of power. If you have an electric boiler, and a power of 10 kW is allocated to the house, you willy-nilly have to choose between warm rooms and a hot shower;
• Most flow heaters do not allow precise control of the outlet water temperature. Trying to take a shower or do the dishes turns into a continuous battle with the faucets.

An indirect heating boiler is a typical storage water heater, devoid of both problems. It is connected to the heating circuit and takes part of the heat from the coolant.

In summer, the circulation goes in a small circle - between the boiler and the boiler.

Conclusion

Of course, in a small article, we have considered far from all possible schemes for connecting boilers and their piping. The video in this article will help you learn more about designing boiler rooms. I look forward to your additions and comments. Good luck, comrades!

Tying the heating boiler is a mandatory procedure that will be required if you decide to mount the entire system yourself. This article will help you understand many of the nuances and take into account possible pitfalls. It is necessary to deal with various schemes and solutions.

What it is?

Simply put, this is a sequence of actions that includes the calculation and connection of various components. This is necessary so that the entire system functions smoothly, and the boiler can operate with the highest possible efficiency. This will contribute to high efficiency and economical energy consumption.

The set of components will depend on which type of system is selected:

• natural or gravity circulation;
• forced circulation;
• mixed.

For the first option, it will be as follows:

• Boiler. This is the heart of the whole mechanism. It is he who, by heating the liquid, makes it act in accordance with the laws of physics - rise up and pass along the entire contour. After that, cooling down, it returns to its original point. For the natural circulation option, floor heating devices are used.
• Pipes. For such a solution, metal pipes of large diameter will be relevant (in some cases, the supply pipe may be 2″). This is important so that there is no resistance from the line for the free circulation of water.
• Expansion tank. It can be either open - in contact with the environment - or closed - not to have contact with air. No additional membranes are used here, because there is no need to maintain the set pressure. It is mounted at the highest point of the entire system.
• Batteries. Both cast iron and steel radiators can be used.
• Mayevsky crane. It is desirable that it be installed on all batteries where it is needed. In this case, at any time it will be possible to bleed air from the battery.
• Fitting. The most commonly used metal threaded or welded corners, tees, bends and other connectors.

The advantages of such a system are ease of installation, the availability of all components, the possibility of self-installation. The disadvantages include the significant dimensions of the components, which greatly affects the appearance. Also, the other side of the coin is the inertia or slow heating of the entire wiring.

For systems with forced circulation, the components will be as follows:

• Boiler. In this case, either option can be used. The binding of the wall-mounted device is fundamentally similar, but includes additional elements. Also this type of heaters is equipped with additional protective systems.
• Pipes. With such an implementation, both metal and all types of suitable plastic products can be used.
• Expansion tank. Here it is of the membrane type. Inside it is a "pear", it allows you to maintain the pressure inside all circuits at the same level. Usually installed close to the equipment.
• Radiators. The same options can be used as in the previous scheme. Steel ones will be more economical. They contain less water, so it heats up faster and uses less fuel.
• Mayevsky cranes. Installation is the same as in the previous version. In addition, an air relief valve can be installed, which automatically removes it from the circuits.
• Fittings are selected depending on which pipe is used during installation.
• Circulation pump . Usually it is already installed in the heating device. If there are several circuits using a manifold, additional units are mounted.
• Hydraulic arrow. This is a very important element that makes it possible to create a balance between various contours in the beam layout. It is designed to equalize pressure and ensure that hot media is delivered to each point in time.
• Pressure gauge. Usually present in all modern equipment. If not, then it is installed next to the heating device. It is necessary in order to control the constancy of pressure within the entire system.
• Collector. The coolant is supplied to the element from which the wiring of various circuits is carried out.

The positive aspects of such wiring are the high heating rate of the entire coolant, more economical consumption of gas or electricity. With this option, it is possible to increase the length of the contours in order to install a water-heated floor. The disadvantages usually include the high cost of work, a certain complexity in maintenance and the impossibility of functioning in the absence of electrical energy.

In a mixed system, circulation can be carried out in two ways. The pump cuts parallel to the main circuit without opening it. Two cranes are installed on the supply lines to the device in order to cut it off at any time, as well as one locking mechanism on the main pipe below it. This valve is closed when the pump is running. If you want the system to work in automatic mode, then instead of a tap, you need to install a check valve. The entire system usually also consists of metal pipes.

Plastic pipes have become widespread. This is due to the affordable price, as well as versatility. Thanks to this solution, you can bypass any obstacles and complete a contour of any complexity. Pipes are connected using fittings and a soldering iron. If possible, it is best to try to get by with as few connections as possible. This is due to the fact that often at the soldering points the inner diameter becomes narrower, and this creates unnecessary hydrostatic stress and reduces efficiency. If the design allows, then it is better to use taps with a smooth transition, this will eliminate sharp drops. Modern polypropylene can easily withstand carrier temperatures up to 95º, the service life is up to 50 years without the need for serious maintenance.

Location selection

For natural circulation systems, a floor boiler is usually selected. There is one very important condition regarding him - he must be at the lowest point of all contours. This is explained by the fact that air bubbles should not accumulate in it. Otherwise, the heat exchanger will burn out faster. Also, there must be a pipe at the outlet, which, after the transition, has a vertical arrangement, this is necessary so that the air can freely rise up and subsequently be removed through a special relief valve or through an open expansion tank.

In the case of installation of a forced system, this condition may not be observed. Wall samples can be installed both at the highest point in some cases, and at the lowest point when the heater is installed in the basement.

When piping a double-circuit boiler is performed , additionally, it must be connected to the water supply system. This is necessary because it not only heats the coolant for the heating system, but also heats running water, which will be used for domestic needs. For single-circuit, a similar scheme can also be implemented. But this can only be done when installing a secondary heat exchanger. A metal cylinder can act as its role, through which the supply pipe is launched into the system.

Nuances for a solid fuel boiler

Such equipment cannot be simply turned off, like gas or electric. If loading has been carried out, then nothing will change until the fuel is completely burned out. Therefore, with such a strapping, it is necessary to provide protection systems. They can be of several types:

• Using tap water. To implement this option, a special device is purchased. In appearance, it resembles a heating element. It is built into the heat exchanger, some manufacturers specifically provide an additional input for such solutions. After that, running water is supplied, and the outlet pipe is lowered into the sewer. The essence of the method is that when the circulation pump stops working due to a lack of electrical energy or a breakdown, a valve opens that lets in cold water, it, passing through the coil, takes part of the temperature, and then is discharged into the sewer. The process continues until the fuel burns out completely. In some situations, this method will be ineffective, because when the light is turned off, the pressure in the water supply also disappears.
• Uninterrupted power supply unit. Various options are available today. Most of them support the connection of external batteries. The duration of operation will depend on the selected battery capacity. In this case, the pump is connected to the network through the UPS. As soon as the electrical energy disappears, a device comes into play that keeps the pump working until the power supply to the house is restored or until the batteries are discharged.
• Small gravity circuit. It implies the circulation of the carrier in a small circle, which does not need the use of a pump. It is made in compliance with all slopes and pipe diameter.
• Additional gravity circuit. This option implies the presence of two full circuits. At the same time, when an emergency situation arises and forced circulation disappears, hot water, under the influence of physical laws, continues to flow into the second circle, giving temperature to the heaters.

These are additional components, which for the most part are already part of modern boilers.

• Automatic relief valve. In appearance, it may resemble a design similar to a valve or a small barrel with a nipple at the top. In order to find out if it is in the design of the device, you need to look at the design features of the connection pipes, usually it is located there.
• Dirt trap. A special flask that allows you to remove unnecessary elements from the heating circuits that got there when the system was filled. It is installed in front of the entrance to the boiler. It needs to be cleaned periodically.
• Coarse filter. Normal plumbing is used. It is usually mounted at the entrance of the main line to the equipment.

The sequence of installation work

• Mounting. If a solid fuel version of the boiler is used, care must be taken that under it there is a solid base that will be resistant to high temperatures. For the gas floor and wall-mounted turbocharged version, a hole is made in the wall through which a pipe is removed to discharge exhaust gases and supply fresh air. For the chimney option and solid fuel equipment, an additional pipe will need to be brought to the required height to create traction.
• Chimney connection. For modern designs, a special pipe with two sleeves is provided, one goes inside the other. One is the output, the other is the feed. In other embodiments, a clay solution is used to seal the seam. It is undesirable to use cement, because it will quickly crack.
• Ensuring good air supply. For solid fuels, you can additionally supply a supply valve, with which you can regulate the incoming air and the combustion force.
• Installation of piping. When the device is installed, it is easier to navigate with how best to lay the line.
• In parallel, systems are connected that will ensure security, as well as expansion tanks.
• Installing a circulation pump, if necessary.
• Installation of additional temperature sensors.
• Connection to the gas pipeline. It must be remembered that such a connection must be rigid without the use of flexible hoses.

In no case should you save on components and neglect protection systems. Which specific method of piping will be relevant in your case will depend on many factors, the main of which will be the device itself.

Video

This video shows how the binding is done.

You have purchased a new heating unit, intending to independently install and connect it to the heating network of a private house. Installation and piping of the boiler is carried out in various ways, depending on the energy source used, the type of piping and the availability of additional equipment:

• buffer capacity;
• indirect heating boiler;
• second heat generator.

To help you properly tie the boiler to the heating system with your own hands, we suggest considering the existing connection options, then choosing the appropriate scheme.

Options for piping gas heaters

Strict regulatory requirements are imposed on the installation and connection of gas boilers:

• the ceiling height of the furnace room is not less than 2 m, the minimum volume is 8 m³ with equipment power up to 60 kW;
• in the boiler room, supply and exhaust ventilation is needed (three-fold air exchange + additional inflow for combustion), a window is necessarily provided in the kitchen;
• before fixing the wall model of the heat generator, the wooden structure must be protected with a sheet of metal;
• the minimum width of the passage on the front side of the unit is 1 m, the side passage is 60 cm, the distance from the wall to the body is 3 cm;
• the length of the horizontal connection to the main chimney is a maximum of 3 m, the diameter of the pipe is equal to or greater than the section of the heater outlet pipe.

Note. Compliance with these requirements is controlled by the gas supplier, which gives permission to connect the water heater to the main. When installing an autonomous fuel supply system, the mounted fuel supply system is put into operation by the relevant service.

There are no strict requirements for piping a gas boiler with a water heating system; the scheme must ensure the efficient and safe operation of the unit. The control services do not check the correctness of the connection to radiators or underfloor heating (TP) in a private house, the contractor is fully responsible.

Connecting a wall-mounted boiler

Tying a suspended model of a gas heat generator is much easier than a floor model. These units are ready-made boiler rooms in miniature, equipped with the necessary equipment:

• circulation pump;
• expansion tank;
• a safety group consisting of a safety valve, a pressure gauge and an automatic float air vent;
• double-circuit versions are equipped with an additional or combined bithermic heat exchanger that heats water for the needs of domestic hot water.

Wall-mounted mini-boiler room with a closed combustion chamber and forced air from a fan

Reference. Single-circuit "walls" are often equipped with a special pipe for docking with the heating coil of the storage boiler. An electric three-way valve installed inside the housing switches between heating / DHW modes at the command of the controller receiving thermostat signals.

For normal operation and ease of maintenance of the wall-mounted heater, observe the following rules:

Typical piping of the wall-mounted version of the boiler with two circuits - heating and hot water

Communications to the heat generator can be carried out with any plastic pipes - soldered from polypropylene, assembled from metal-plastic or cross-linked polyethylene. Emergency overheating of these pipelines does not threaten. Above is a typical piping diagram for a gas double-circuit boiler with a radiator network, hot water supply and water supply.

Note. All suspended heaters - atmospheric, turbocharged, condensing - are designed to work with a closed type system. For a heat network with natural water circulation, you will need a floor-standing non-volatile boiler.

A single-circuit unit is tied in a similar way, but without plumbing. More information about the correct connection of the "wall" is described in the video.

In country cottages of a large area (over 200 m²) with 3-6 heating circuits, a hydraulic arrow is installed or a scheme of primary / secondary rings is assembled, described at the end of this publication.

Docking with an indirect heating boiler

If the wall-mounted heat generator is equipped with a pipe for connecting the storage tank, then the piping is carried out according to the previous diagram, only 1 joint with a ball valve is added. Since the cheap versions of the boilers do not provide such a fitting (and a switching valve inside), use the diagram shown below in the drawing.

To connect a simple single-circuit heater to a stationary DHW boiler, purchase a three-way solenoid valve and a mechanical thermostat with an immersion sensor inserted inside the corresponding tank sleeve. How this connection works:

1. Heating priority is always on the boiler side. While the temperature sensor detects an insufficiently high temperature of the tank (manually adjusted), all the coolant is sent to the heating coil.
2. When the water reaches the required temperature, the contact sensor will notify the boiler controller, which will start the valve servo and switch the coolant flow to the batteries or floor heating circuits.
3. As water is drawn from the tank or natural cooling, the temperature of the water in the tank decreases. The thermoelement signals to the electronic unit of the boiler, the valve again transfers the coolant to the boiler.

If the unit does not have "brains" - the electronics unit, the drive is connected according to the TT-boiler method

Reference. The heat generator, correctly selected in terms of power, heats the DHW tank in 15-25 minutes. The burner is running at max.

Schemes for floor heat generator

The main difference between the strapping of a stationary boiler and a wall-mounted boiler is the addition of auxiliary elements that are not originally present in its design:

• circulation pump - we put it on the supply or "return", there is no difference;
• for trouble-free removal of the pump on the sides, we provide 2 taps;
• we connect the expansion membrane tank to the return line, we also install cut-off valves on the supply line;
• immediately at the outlet of the heater we mount a separate safety group without any taps.

The remaining parts of the strapping - taps, mud collectors - are used according to the scheme. We immediately decided to show the connection of a two-circuit floor unit, so as not to make several identical pictures.

The pump can be installed both on the supply and on the return pipeline

Comment. There are imported floor-standing boilers (for example, Protherm), equipped in the same way as wall-mounted appliances - an expansion tank, a pump, a safety valve, and even a built-in boiler. Such heat generators are tied by analogy with suspended boilers and can only work in a closed system with an excess pressure of the coolant.

The simplest floor models with automation are not included in the house electrical network and are connected to a gravitational (gravity-flowing) water heating system in a similar way. What is the difference:

• diameter of connected lines - 40 ... 50 mm (internal);
• pipes are brought to the unit with a slope of 3-5 mm per 1 meter of length;
• an open-type expansion tank is used, installed at the highest point - on the supply riser;
• the auxiliary pump is mounted on the bypass together with the sump and valves.

On the main highways, you will have to use large diameter valves - DN40 or DN50

It makes no sense to put a safety group in an open system - the excess pressure in the network is zero, the pressure gauge will not show anything, and the relief valve will never work. The air vent is also useless - the bubbles go into the atmosphere through the expansion tank during the filling process.

If it is necessary to tie the TP circuits and radiators to the mounted unit, the system is divided into 2 branches. The distribution manifold of underfloor heating is connected to one, and the radiator network to the second.

In a building of a small area, the TP circuits can operate without a mixing unit and an additional pump - the temperature in the loops is maintained by RTL thermal heads

How to tie solid fuel boilers

The connection scheme for a wood-burning heat generator is designed to solve 3 tasks (in addition to supplying batteries with coolant):

1. Prevention of overheating and boiling of the TT boiler.
2. Protection against cold "return", abundant condensate inside the firebox.
3. Work with maximum efficiency, that is, in the mode of full combustion and high heat transfer.

Note. For units with a cast iron heat exchanger, protection against temperature shock leading to section cracking is important. The phenomenon occurs in a closed system when, due to a blackout, the circulation of water stops. After power is supplied, the cooled coolant cools the cast iron sharply, resulting in cracks.

The presented piping scheme for a solid fuel boiler with a three-way mixing valve allows you to protect yourself from condensate in the furnace and bring the heat generator to maximum efficiency mode. How it works:

1. While the system and the heater are not warmed up, the pump drives water through the small boiler circuit, since the three-way valve is closed on the side of the radiators.
2. When the coolant heats up to 55-60 degrees, the valve set to the specified temperature begins to mix water from the cold "return". The heating network of a country house is gradually warming up.
3. When the maximum temperature is reached, the valve closes the bypass completely, all the water from the TT boiler goes into the system.
4. The pump installed on the return line pumps water through the jacket of the unit, preventing the latter from overheating and boiling. If you put the pump on the feed, the chamber with the impeller can fill with steam, the pumping will stop and the boiler is guaranteed to boil.

The principle of heating with a three-way valve is used for piping any solid fuel heat generators - pyrolysis, pellet, direct and long-term combustion. The exception is gravity wiring, where the water moves too slowly and does not provoke condensation. The valve will create a high hydraulic resistance that prevents gravity flow.

If the manufacturer has equipped the solid fuel unit with a water circuit, the coil can be used for emergency cooling in case of overheating. Note: the fuse on the safety group operates on pressure, not temperature, therefore it is not always able to protect the boiler.

A proven solution - we connect the DHW coil to the water supply through a special thermal reset valve, as shown in the diagram. The element will work from the temperature sensor and at the right time will pass a large volume of cold water through the heat exchanger.

Using buffer capacity

The best way to increase the efficiency of a TT boiler is to connect it to the heating system through a buffer tank. At the inlet of the heat accumulator we assemble a proven circuit with a three-way mixer, at the outlet we put a second valve that maintains the required temperature in the batteries. The circulation in the heating network is provided by the second pump.

A balancing valve on the return line is needed to adjust the performance of the pumps

What do we gain with a heat accumulator:

• the boiler burns at maximum and reaches the declared efficiency, the fuel is used efficiently;
• the probability of overheating is sharply reduced, since the unit dumps excess heat into the buffer tank;
• the heat accumulator plays the role of a hydraulic arrow, several heating branches can be connected to the tank, for example, radiators of the 1st and 2nd floors, floor heating circuits;
• a fully heated tank keeps the system running for a long time when the firewood in the boiler burns out.

Note. Factory heat accumulators are often equipped with electric heaters - heating elements that maintain the temperature of the water in the upper zone of the tank. How to make a heater and tank piping, see the video:

TT boiler and storage water heater

In order to load the boiler with the help of a wood-burning heat generator - “indirect”, you need to insert the latter into the boiler circuit, as shown in the picture. Let us explain the functions of individual circuit elements:

• check valves prevent the coolant from flowing in the other direction along the circuits;
• the second pump (it is enough to take a low-power model 25/40) circulates through the spiral heat exchanger of the water heater;
• the thermostat turns off this pump when the boiler reaches the set temperature;
• an additional air vent prevents the supply line from being aired, which will be higher than the regular safety group.

In a similar way, you can dock the boiler with any boiler that is not equipped with an electronic control unit.

Electric and diesel heat generators

The connection of a diesel fuel boiler to the radiator system is identical to the piping of gas-using installations. Reason: the diesel unit operates on a similar principle - an electronically controlled burner heats the heat exchanger with a flame, maintaining the set temperature of the coolant.

Electric boilers, in which water is heated by heating elements, an induction core, or due to the electrolysis of salts, are also connected directly to heating. For maintaining the temperature and safety, the automation is located in the electrical cabinet, connected to the network according to the above wiring diagram. Other connection options are shown in a separate publication on heating boilers.

Wall-mounted mini-boilers equipped with tubular heaters are intended only for closed heating systems. To work with gravity wiring, you will need an electrode or induction unit, which is tied according to the standard scheme:

If you figure it out, then the bypass is not needed here - the boiler will not work without electricity either

Systems with two boilers

If it is necessary to organize the heating of the coolant in a closed circuit from two heat generators, use the principle of parallel connection. Let us explain the algorithm for the joint operation of two boilers - electric and solid fuel (the piping is shown in the figure):

1. The main source of heat is a TT-boiler, connected in a standard way through a three-way valve. To prevent flows from ringing in the other direction, a check valve is installed on each branch.
2. When the firewood burns out, the air in the house begins to cool. The drop in temperature is fixed by the room thermostat and starts the electric boiler with a pump.
3. A decrease in the temperature in the flow line of the TT boiler to 50-55 ° C causes the contact thermostat to cut off the circulation pump of the solid fuel circuit.
4. After the next loading of firewood, the supply pipe heats up, the temperature sensor starts the pump and the heating priority returns to the solid fuel unit. The room thermostat no longer turns on the electric boiler because the air temperature does not drop.

At the outlet of the electric boiler, it is also necessary to put a safety group, it is conditionally not shown in the figure

An important point. The above piping option can be used for any pair of boilers. When installing a wall-mounted heater, a second pump is not installed.

Two heat generators, for example, gas and electric, are easily tied up through a heat accumulator. Both boilers can be switched on and off in various ways - by the temperature of the water in the tank, by time through a timer. Check valves are not needed here.

If it is necessary to connect 2-3 units of thermal power equipment with several heating circuits, it is better to assemble a scheme of primary / secondary rings. The principle is as follows: all heat sources and consumers with their pumps are connected to a common ring from a pipe of increased diameter Ø26 ... 40 mm (depending on the number of branches). The circulation inside the ring is provided by a separate pump.

The sequence of installation of equipment matters: the hottest coolant receives a water heater, followed by batteries, at the end - TP (along the flow of water)

In a system with natural movement of the coolant, two boilers are also combined in parallel. Here it is important to withstand pipe slopes of Ø40…50 mm, as well as to avoid sharp turns by using elbows at an angle of 45° or elbows with a large bending radius.

Water diverges in two parallel branches with boilers. But the unit that is turned on at the moment will make it move by gravity, the pump starts at the request of the owner

Advice. The serial connection of 2 units has the right to life, but it is better not to use such a strapping. The water heated in the first boiler will pass through the cold heat exchanger of the second and will certainly lose some of the heat.

Conclusion

Describing the boiler piping options, we have listed simple methods available for self-assembly. But remember: the chosen scheme still needs to be tied to your specific conditions. Somewhere there is not enough space to accommodate the equipment or the pipes are mounted inconveniently, for someone the boiler is right next to the buffer tank. Therefore, before assembling, we recommend consulting with an intelligent plumber or design engineer.

In the cold season, you can not do without heating. In houses where there is no centralized heating supply, various boilers are used. Heating appliances can run on gas, solid fuel and electricity.

Solid fuel-fired equipment has a number of advantages over other types, such as electrical appliances. When piping a solid fuel heating boiler (TTKO), it is not necessary to equip with safety fittings and circulation pumps.

Features of the solid fuel boiler

Positive sides:

1. They do not require connection to the power supply network, that is, they are considered autonomous systems.
2. Affordable equipment price.

Taking into account the low cost of fuel, the use of this type of boiler is considered economically justified.

The disadvantages include the following:

1. Fire protection of surfaces adjacent to the unit is required.
2. Controlling the combustion process is quite complex.
3. Lack of automatic fuel supply, although this issue can be resolved if desired.
4. It is desirable to provide low humidity in the room where solid fuel is stored.

The principle of operation of TTKO is simple: when burned in a firebox, firewood or other raw materials emit a certain amount of heat, which, in turn, heats the water circulating in pipelines. The resulting combustion products are removed from the equipment through special devices: gases - through the chimney, the mineral part (ash and soot) - through the ash pan and soot collector.

Purpose of strapping

For TTK, as well as for other types of equipment, it is important to correctly combine all components into a single system and connect peripherals.

The TTKO strapping performs the following functions:

1. Reducing the negative impact on others in the event of any emergency.
2. Uniform distribution of the generated heat throughout the entire circuit of the heating system.
3. Reduction of the periodicity factor in the operation of TTKO, associated with the uneven combustion of fuel.

All of these points lead to an increase in the safety and efficiency of the boiler.

What elements does the harness consist of?

For all heated buildings, there is simply no single connection scheme and equipment configuration. Therefore, before starting the installation of heating in the house, an individual project is carried out.

The list of mandatory elements that must be present in the harness:

1. Boiler.
2. Radiators or batteries.
3. Expansion tank.
4. Pipes (cast iron, copper, steel, polypropylene).
5. Fittings and fittings (including Mayevsky taps and pressure gauges).
6. Circulation pump (if forced movement of the coolant).
7. Bypass lines.
8. Thermostat.

Boiler piping rules

For efficient and reliable operation of the heating system as a whole, it is necessary to properly tie the TTKO.

There are several important points to consider:

1. To avoid the formation of condensate, it is necessary to ensure that the temperature difference between the supply and return does not exceed 20 °C.
2. The installation of pressure gauges will allow you to control the pressure within the limits specified in the instructions for the equipment and regulatory documents.
3. For maximum efficiency, connections must be sealed.
4. Flammable materials are not allowed in the piping elements.
5. In order to avoid the formation of scale and clogging of pipelines, leading to equipment failure, it is necessary to monitor the cleanliness of the coolant.
6. If the building is higher than one floor, forced circulation of the coolant should be used.

Typical strapping schemes

For proper heating piping, it is necessary to develop an individual project, since each dwelling and boiler room is individual, although they have a number of similar features. Such projects are based on standard schemes that reflect the fundamental positions of installation of systems in various conditions that are common to all.

Open system with natural circulation

Such a scheme, otherwise gravitational, is the most common. Has its advantages and disadvantages.

Positive sides:

1. Effective work.
2. Ease of installation.
3. Relatively low cost.
4. High security.
5. Autonomy.

Since water tends to expand when heated, with a gravitational scheme, it is necessary to install an expansion tank that collects excess coolant.

Negative sides:

1. Difficulty in management.
2. The need for constant monitoring of the system.
3. Increased fuel consumption.

In an open system, the return to the boiler must be at least 0.5 meters below the radiators.

Closed system with natural movement of the coolant

Unlike open, here it is necessary to install a membrane tank on the return pipeline. For effective functioning, its size must exceed by 10% the volume of the coolant in the whole system.

To be able to relieve excess pressure from pipelines (more than 2 atm.), Install a safety valve by connecting it to the sewer.

Forced circulation system

The forced circulation system is distinguished by the fact that it incorporates a pump. This ensures temperature uniformity in all areas. In addition, the use of circulation equipment allows minimizing pipeline slopes.

To maintain the efficiency of heating in cases of power failure or breakdown of pumps, it is necessary to provide bypass lines bypassing the equipment. The circulation pump is installed on the return line for safety reasons, as well as increasing the degree of reliability and durability of work.

Scheme with buffer capacity

The piping scheme for a solid fuel heating boiler with a heat accumulator is used to maintain a constant temperature in the system (TTKs are poorly controlled, requiring relentless control over the amount of fuel and traction) and to avoid boiling of the working fluid.

The heat accumulator is a hermetically sealed tank installed between the boiler and the consumer. The principle of operation of the device is to accumulate excess heat in its own volume, giving it to the system if necessary.

The temperature of the heat carrier is controlled by means of a mixing unit, which is a three-way valve with a temperature sensor.

Trim with three-way valve

For additional protection of the heating boiler against overheating, a circuit is provided for emergency supply of cold water to the heat exchanger or to a special coil installed inside the equipment.

The operation of this unit is carried out thanks to the equipment with a three-way valve and a temperature sensor inside the heat exchanger. The heated water is discharged into the sewer.

With installation of an indirect heating boiler

Tying a solid fuel boiler with an indirect heating boiler is suitable for any connection scheme. The boiler is used to heat cold water for hot water supply.

The water heater is connected to the system in parallel with all appliances using hot water. It is important to remember here that in order to increase the efficiency of its work, a three-way valve should be provided that shuts off the water from the unit if it has not yet warmed up.

Collector scheme

Collectors serve for simultaneous parallel connection of several branches of heating. For example, when connecting to one unit of underfloor heating, heating radiators on several floors (for each separate branch), etc.

Despite the obvious complication, the use of collectors (combs) opens up great opportunities for adjusting the system, increasing efficiency and reliability.

Why do we need emergency and control systems

To secure the heating system allows the inclusion of emergency and control units in the circuit.

Their purpose:

1. High pressure protection.
2. Thermoregulation.
3. Protect equipment from excess heat.
4. Prevention of condensation.

How to connect

In order for the nodes to perform their purpose qualitatively, they must be installed correctly.

The emergency unit includes:

1. Safety valve. Used to relieve excess pressure. Installed at the outlet of the feed from the boiler.
2. Heat exchanger. Used to prevent overheating of the boiler. It is installed either in the boiler structure by the manufacturer, or on the hot water supply pipe.
3. Bypass. Serves to prevent overheating and boiling of the coolant. Must be installed in units with pumps and auxiliary equipment.

The system is controlled by a thermostat (installed on the return line) and a pressure regulator. They serve to maintain a constant temperature in the system and protect against pressure build-up.

The nuances of mounting the strapping

Any heating scheme, with the exception of an open one, is equipped with Mayevsky taps, which are installed at the highest points to remove air.

To ensure the system's performance, some nuances should be taken into account:

1. The surface for the installation of the boiler must be strictly horizontal.
2. Base dimensions - unit size + 10%.
3. An expansion tank must be used in any heating system with a boiler.
4. The preferred connection of devices is a threaded connection.
5. The heating unit must be connected only with steel or copper pipes.

Safe piping of a solid fuel boiler. you can find out from the link.

Video

This video discusses the possible causes of the poor performance of a solid fuel heater.

Evgeny AfanasievChief Editor

Publication author 22.01.2019

The task of the heating system is to create a comfortable microclimate in the house. Competent organization of heating determines the uniform distribution of heat around the perimeter of the living area, and protects the elements of a functioning unit from overheating. Boiler piping is the process of connecting equipment to hot water supply and distribution networks in accordance with operating standards.

Components of the boiler piping

The boiler is the core of the heating circuit and its type affects the choice of the piping scheme. The main rule for installing a floor boiler is prohibition of its placement at the top of the pipeline wiring a. In case of violation of the norms, the boiler, which does not have the conditions for air outlet, will begin to create air locks. The pipe leaving the boiler without an air vent must have clear vertical position.

The branch pipes located at the bottom of the unit will “tell” about the presence of an automatic air vent, which is necessary for connecting to the heating network. They are provided in wall electric and gas models. This feature should be taken into account when piping the boiler, since wall-mounted monoblock models can cope on their own with the release of air masses.

Boilers are sold both fully equipped and without additional elements. The necessary parts are purchased separately and included in the circuit. Those who settled on the choice of heating with natural circulation, they will not be useful.

Membrane tank and radiators

A paronite gasket will do. The use of tow, fum tape and rubber components is prohibited. They can catch fire, and the rubber will reduce the diametrical passage of the pipe, which will disrupt the gas supply. Such a pipeline originally aspired to long service, capable of withstanding pressure exceeding 25 bar, and a coolant of 95 degrees.

Features of connecting solid fuel boilers

Boilers of this type do not have the function of regulating the heat supply. The combustion of fuel cannot be interrupted, therefore, in the event of a power outage, the pump responsible for the forced movement of the coolant will stop. However, the heating will continue and the pressure will rise. Evolving process destroy the entire system. To exclude such moments, several types of emergency schemes are provided that allow you to dump excess heat. It:

1. Timely supply of cold water.
2. Connecting the batteries to the pump.
3. The presence of a gravitational circuit.
4. Additional emergency circuit.

For solid fuel boilers, piping plays an important role - a high-quality connection will allow you to create a self-regulating system. Therefore, it is better to entrust the subtleties of installation to the skillful hands of specialists.

Gravity heating

It is necessary to pay attention to the principles of circulation of the coolant through the heating circuit. It - - natural movement coolant and circuit with forced circulation. A distinctive feature of these species is the presence or absence of a node that forces hot water to move.

In a system of natural circulation, movement in a closed system occurs under the influence of the laws of physics. The process is determined by the indicators of the difference in the density of water. This type of heating eliminates the consumption of electricity.

Natural circulation system cannot be adjusted automatically., and this will require pipes with a larger diameter, which will affect the interior of the room and higher cost. If the network is subject to periodic voltage drops, such an organization of heating would be the best option. The system is reliable in operation and does not require attention. The natural movement scheme is suitable for a small area, although it is now considered the "last century".

Advantages of a natural circulation system:

1. Ease of installation.
2. Independence from the supply of electricity.
3. Budget option.
4. Reliable functioning and operation.

Forced heating system

Forced circulation ensures the creation of the necessary pressure and due to the operation of electric pumps. The forced circulation circuit is comfortable because it is controlled automatically under the condition of a stable power supply. For each room, it is permissible to choose separate temperature parameters, sensor-controlled systems.

Flaws systems:

1. Complex wiring diagram.
2. Inevitable balance of parts.
3. Expensive service.
4. High cost of components.

Each installation system requires a certain number of additional parts. The installation option on primary-secondary rings does not imply a large presence of fastening and connection elements, but instead of them, installation of pumps on heating rings will be required. The system consisting of rings, together with the floor boiler, are supplemented combs- heating collectors , evenly distributing the supply of coolant to the heating elements.

Schematic diagram of strapping

The heating efficiency depends on the accuracy of the connection. The general piping scheme for boilers of all types, including solid fuel and condensing types, is simple, and looks like this:

1. Radiator.
2. nuts " american women» - for fixing the boiler to the heating system.
3. Ball Valves- to disconnect the boiler from the system.
4. Filters for cleaning - will protect against non-standard fractions of water.
5. Thermal heads, tees, Mayevsky taps
6. Corners and tees.
7. Valves: through passage, dividing, air and safety.
8. Expansion tanks.
9. Manometers, thermometers, hydraulic separators, circulation pump.
10. Clamps and other fasteners.

Double-circuit boiler

Now consider the difference between the heating scheme of a country house using a double-circuit boiler.

A unit of this type differs from a single-circuit analogue in its universal purpose: it maintains the degree mode of the coolant in the heating circuit, and heats the water for household needs. Single-circuit generators can also indirectly heat water. The process of heat transfer in them occurs during the passage of the coolant through the secondary heat exchanger.

The difference between a double-circuit boiler is direct transfer of thermal energy to water. Its feature is that when hot water is consumed, the coolant does not heat up. Parallel operation of two circuits is excluded. Practice has shown that for houses with high-quality thermal insulation, and therefore with thermal inertia, the mode of operation of the boiler is not fundamental. And the heating scheme will be the same for any type of heating. Radiators and coolant provide long cooling. A similar result is due to the choice of radiators with large capacity and wide pipe diameter. A large volume of hot water can be obtained by combining a single-circuit design and a heating column. For houses with a large number of square meters. m. The operation of the boiler is not of fundamental importance, and the boiler heating schemes will be similar.

Connection Features

Double-circuit boiler should not be designed in conjunction with a natural circulation system- after the coolant heating stops, the movement will quickly stop. The reheating process takes a long time, and the heat in the radiator is distributed unevenly. However, most models are equipped with circulation pumps.

Classic variant piping boilers with a two-pipe scheme looks like this. The hot water rises into the supply pipe that surrounds the house above. Then the coolant passes through the connected risers with heating devices that do not completely open the riser. The radiators are equipped with a jumper and a choke required for heat regulation. Need shut-off valve on the second supply line. The air vent is attached to the top of the expansion tank circuit.

Through the lower connection of the system, the coolant is returned back. The advantage of the scheme lies in the possibility of working in natural circulation mode. The accelerating collector will be a pipe through which the coolant moves to the top filling.

Typical connection errors

Safety valves

With an open heating system, they are not used. Valve purpose - protect the boiler from damage in the event of a sudden increase in pressure. Usually, the valve is forgotten or a model or safety group with different characteristics is installed.

During the response of the valve, some of the water flows out of the system, which ensures pressure release and protection. Do not insert a drain pipe into the sewer, as the cause of the pressure drop will not be clear. You can get by with a funnel. By the way, there is no need to throw a septic tank into the coolant.

Air vent. The part must be installed immediately after mounting the boiler in order to avoid “airing”. Often they forget to just open it. This is also true for wall-mounted options with a factory function. By the way, the circulation pump is also ventilated.

The ventilator must stand strictly vertically upwards. In the case when it starts to leak, there is a shut-off valve in front of it, so replacing it with a new one will take a couple of minutes.

Circulation pump. The pump will work properly only when the axis is horizontal, and this position will significantly extend the "life" of the bearings.

It is desirable to protect the mechanism from dirt and debris from the outside. Strainers sold separately

Radiators. Shortcomings when connecting a panel radiator to a coolant. The project of radiators involves connecting the supply pipe to the inner couple, located almost in the center, and to the extreme one - in the return pipe. The reverse connection order will halve the heat transfer of the radiator. By the way, decorative screens disrupt heat transfer by 10-20%.

Proper installation and accuracy of power calculations will help create maximum comfort for living in a country house at any time of the year.