The HBO reducer converts gas from a liquid state to a gaseous state, and also maintains the required outlet pressure. The HBO gearbox has a coolant temperature sensor and a gas filter. To convert gas from a liquid state to a gaseous state, the reducer is connected to the engine cooling system. The gas injection pressure reducer changes the gas output pressure depending on the pressure in the intake manifold of the car engine.
2 
The HBO filter cleans the gas from impurities. It is worth noting that the HBO filter needs to be changed on time, because. the service life of gas-cylinder equipment largely depends on this. Also, the Lovato filter combines gas pressure and temperature sensors.
3 
LPG injectors are designed to inject gas into the engine. Modern gas injectors are highly accurate and fast devices specially designed to supply gaseous fuel to a car engine. The faster the LPG injectors, the more accurate the fuel delivery. That's why the Lovato range of gas injectors has several classes of LPG injectors suitable for all types of car engines.
4 
A fuel type switch is required to switch from gas to petrol and vice versa. In addition, it displays the remaining amount of gas fuel by means of a light indication.
5 
The electronic control unit (ECU) is the brain of the entire gas system. It collects all the necessary information from various sensors and determines the amount of gas supplied to the engine. The ECU is connected to the standard control unit for the supply of gasoline in the car. Analyzing the information received from the standard unit and gas sensors, the ECU generates signals for controlling gas injectors.
6 
The filling device is designed to fill the cylinder with gas and contains a check valve that prevents gas from escaping. There are several options for installing the VZU: When installing LPG equipment on a car, the most common way is to install the VZU in the gas tank hatch, next to the gas tank neck. Thus, the traditional place of refueling is preserved, the VZU is protected from external factors and visually hidden. Another way is to install a mortise VZU in the bumper or fender of the car. This method is used at the request of the owner of the car or in the absence of the ability to install the VZU in the gas tank hatch. The third option is a suspended VZU. This option is used when placing the VZU, for example, next to the towbar, or when installed on trucks.
7 
The HBO multivalve is installed in the neck of the cylinder and is the most important element of the HBO safety. It contains several components that are responsible for the safety of gas equipment, and performs the following functions: - Prevents the return of gas from the cylinder; - controls the level of gas supply, and, in an emergency, stops the gas supply, for example, if there is a break in the gas line; - does not allow filling the cylinder with gas to the limit, due to the fact that when heated, the gas tends to expand; - prevents the pressure inside the cylinder from rising above the allowable value; - provided that the multivalve is equipped with a solenoid valve (LPG solenoid valve), it shuts off the gas supply when the car is running on gasoline, when the car is turned off or the engine is stopped; - informs about the remaining amount of gas.
8 
The HBO cylinder is used to store gas fuel. There are 2 main types of cylinders - toroidal and cylindrical. Toroidal (torus) are internal and external. The internal version is installed instead of the spare wheel in the trunk, and the external one is placed under the bottom of the car, also instead of the "spare wheel". It should be noted that HBO toroidal cylinders are the most popular, because. their use does not reduce the luggage space. The absence, however, of a spare wheel is easily solved, for example, with the help of aerosols for repairing punctures. Cylindrical HBO cylinders are used, most often, for a larger volume of gas, because. if we compare the toroidal and cylindrical ones of the same price, then the second one will be larger in volume. When using a cylindrical cylinder, you have to sacrifice luggage space. Cylindrical options are the main ones for trucks. As for the safety of HBO, both types of gas cylinders are made of durable metal, up to 4 mm thick and are able to withstand pressure several times higher than the state of the cylinder during full refueling. Each product is tested at the factory. By right, we can say that the HBO cylinder is the strongest element of your car.
Increasingly, boilers are used for heating and hot water supply in homes. They are compact, powerful and easy to use. Gas today is cheaper than other types of fuel. If you are thinking about installing such equipment in your home, it is important to understand how a gas boiler works. This will help you quickly understand the management of equipment and successfully operate it.
How is a gas boiler
What is the technique? It is important for each user to know the answer to this question, because different situations may arise during work. In addition, knowledge about the device of a gas boiler and its components will help you choose the model that is right for your room.
Main knots
Burner. The rectangular design is equipped with nozzles. Through them, the gas enters the burner and is distributed. So the surface of the radiator evenly warms up over the entire surface.
There are two types of burners:
- atmospheric. Installed near the chimney. The principle of operation is simple: air is taken from the room to maintain the flame. In this case, it is necessary to have a window and adequate ventilation. The advantage of the atmospheric type is independence from electricity. More common in floor-type models.
- Turbocharged. The operation of such a boiler does not depend on the presence of draft in the chimney and ventilation, since the built-in fan forcibly removes combustion products through a coaxial chimney. The conclusion can be made in the wall. It is found in wall-mounted boilers. The main disadvantage is energy dependence.
heat exchanger It is a box with tubes inside. Water circulates through them. The node may consist of different alloys, which affects its service life. A double-circuit device is equipped with two radiators, a single-circuit device is equipped with one. Varieties:
- Steel. The easiest and cheapest option. The material is resistant to temperature extremes, but has low thermal conductivity and fragility.
- Copper. It is an alloy resistant to corrosion and temperature extremes. Copper conducts heat seven times better than steel, so the radiator is more expensive. It has a limited heating temperature.
- cast iron. Resistant to corrosion and high temperatures. It conducts heat well, but has a lot of weight. Therefore, it is more often used for floor boilers in the form of a collapsible structure.
Circulation pump creates pressure in the system for constant circulation of water. Not all models have a pump. But if you choose appliances for gas heating, it must be present in the design.
Expansion tank. When heated, the coolant expands, so the tank accepts its excess in order to avoid an emergency.
chimney. In atmospheric models, the pipe is connected to the body branch pipe and led to the chimney. In turbocharged types of boilers, a coaxial chimney is created, the other end of which is connected to a hole in the wall.
Electronics and control module includes sensors, wiring, circuits: everything that allows the device to function stably.
Security automation. These are sensors that protect the device from such problems:
- lack of traction;
- overheat;
- no flame in the burner.
If the system fails, the sensors send a signal to the control module and the product stops working.
Principle of operation
Cold water enters the system through the mains. Through the circulation pump, it is fed into the heat exchanger. The gas valve opens and fuel enters the burner through the nozzles. The ignition electrode is activated, from which the gas ignites.
The boiler works for heating or providing hot water (DHW). Switching takes place using a three-way valve. During operation, combustion products are discharged through the chimney. When the set temperature is reached, the flame goes out. Some models have an external thermostat, so when the temperature drops, they immediately turn on the heating.
The workflow is shown below:
How should the boiler work? It depends on its variety.
According to the installation method, the equipment is divided into two types:
- Wall. Small devices of low and medium power. Often installed in apartments and houses with a small area. Placing on the wall saves free space.
- floor standing. Oversized structures that require a lot of space to accommodate. But they are able to simultaneously heat and provide hot water to large areas.
According to the structure of the chimney, the type of removal of combustion products:
- atmospheric;
- turbocharged.
We have described their modes of operation above.
By functionality:
- single circuit. Ensure optimal heating performance.
- Dual circuit. They are equipped with two radiators, so they can provide a heating system and fill taps with hot water.
Burner types:
- Modulated. Smooth automatic adjustment of flame strength.
- Plain. Without any adjustment.
Ignition type:
- Piezo ignition. The launch is carried out by pressing a button and deforming the piezoelectric element. Advantages of ignition in energy independence. Disadvantages: constant manual start, high fuel consumption.
- Electronic. The built-in transformer is activated, which is controlled by automation.
According to the principle of work:
- Convection. The usual scheme, according to which the heat during combustion passes to the coolant (water).
- Condensing. In addition to conventional heating, the device uses the heat of water vapor. Condensate accumulates in an additional heat exchanger. Therefore, Ariston Class Premium Evo models have high efficiency.
Conventional boilers are volatile, but there are devices that work on a different principle. They are installed in rooms with a chimney and have an open combustion chamber. Ignition occurs with the help of a piezoelectric element. Some of them (for example, "Conord") have a cast-iron radiator.
The equipment can operate on natural and liquefied gas, and is mounted on a wall or installed on the floor. There is a parapet installation option - the gas boiler is mounted on an external wall, has a closed combustion chamber and is connected to a coaxial pipe.
Having considered the device and features of water heating equipment, you can choose the best option for your home. The video will help you better understand the topic:
The increase in the price tag at gas stations for gasoline and diesel fuel is forcing motorists to think about ways to save on travel. One solution to this problem is the use of various alternatives to liquid fuels. You have to study the 4th generation HBO device in order to transfer your iron horse to gas consumption.
Manufacturers in our country and abroad offer consumers the fifth generation of HBO, however, motorists prefer the time-tested system of the previous version. This is due not only to the high cost of a newer system, but also to its maintainability, run-in in different situations.
The main task of using gas-balloon equipment is to supply a mixture of gaseous fuel and air to the working cylinders of the internal combustion engine.
A modern 4th generation gas installation can be installed on various types of vehicles:
- a car;
- trucks;
- minibuses;
- public transport;
- commercial vehicles, etc.
There are two main types of systems on the market:
- Compressed (CNG). Compressed natural gas (methane CH 4) is used.
- On liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). The kits are used individually or mixtures of propane and butane (C 3 H 8 and C 4 H 6, respectively).
It is generally accepted that methane will be more dangerous. Even a small amount of this chemical substance can cause rapid poisoning, blindness, suffocation, etc. in a person. The gas molecule is smaller than that of the GOS, so it requires thicker-walled and highly sealed gas pipelines, containers, etc.
Basic principles of work
Since the 4th generation HBO operates in a combined fuel + gas mode and in a mono-fuel cycle (exclusively gasoline or exclusively gas), motorists can independently choose their preferred driving option at a particular moment. This feature makes the system very popular among car owners of cars.
There is also a mode of automatic switching between fuel types. The designers have developed a rather small control panel. It has an LED backlight, where you can find out about the amount of fuel in the tanks by the indicators..
Often, the panel is mounted on the left side near the steering column. This zone is ergonomic for comfortable manipulations.
Using indicators
Engineers provided on the 4th generation panel a row of 4 green indicators, ending with one red light. This element was carried over to the 5th generation.
Navigating the signals is easy. It is only necessary to take into account important factors:
- one burning green light corresponds to approximately 10 liters of gas;
- a ten-liter portion of gas fuel is enough for an average of 200 km;
- a red lamp on fire indicates a limited power reserve of 40-70 km;
- when the red LED is on, you should go to the gas station as soon as possible.
There is a separate red LED, which either goes out or functions in a blinking mode. In the first case, the car runs on gas. When blinking, the internal combustion engine burns only gasoline and automatic switching to gas is expected.
The red LED lights up at start when the car consumes gasoline. After reaching the operating temperature mode, after some time, there is a transition to liquefied fuel.
It should be borne in mind that when 4th generation gas equipment has the ability to operate in combined modes, this indicates an increased reliability of the system and additional reliability of the engine. An important factor is the extended mileage of vehicles, provided by filling several types of fuel.
Gas transport is relevant for small settlements where there is a risk of refueling with low-quality fuel or gas stations are located far enough away. Car owners themselves admit that cars with gas appliances are not stolen much. It is enough for the driver to remove the switch and the car will not start either on gasoline or on gas.
When a car has a motor with a fairly expensive injection system that includes a catalyst, the introduction of HBO will have a positive effect on consumption and objectively extend the operating period of the catalyst.
It is important to know that it is important to mount 4th generation gas installations on vehicles that meet environmental standards of at least Euro-3 in terms of harmful emissions, since there is a pulsed type of injection for a mixture of fuel and air, performed by commands from the controller of a separate control unit.
The ECU reads and generates processor data by sending control pulses. The latter help open gas injection nozzles and block similar nozzles for gasoline. The system relies on a certain type of data, which include:
- the current temperature that the reducer has;
- actual gas pressure;
- incoming gas temperature.
During operation, the gas pressure level can drop significantly. In such a situation, gas-cylinder equipment will automatically close and block the operation of gas nozzles, and in parallel open and give operation to gasoline analogues.
Schematic work of HBO and its device
Mandatory attributes of a gas balloon kit are the following components:
- multivalve;
- storage tank for liquefied gas;
- module for preparing and injecting the fuel mixture into the cylinders.
The multivalve is mounted on the neck part of the cylinder. It is used to ensure the filling of the tank and to control fuel consumption during the gas-consuming cycle. The multivalve consists of the following elements:
- flow valve (outlet);
- filling valve (inlet);
- emergency valve (used to quickly relieve pressure);
- analog indicator of capacity fullness;
- filling outlet for fuel.
The need for an emergency valve lies in the fact that it helps to block the outlet channel if the gas flow increases sharply. Such a factor manifests itself, for example, when the outlet pipelines to the engine are damaged.
The gas preparation and distribution module has the following design:
- Fuel rail with working jets.
- Cleaning filters.
- Reducer.
For propane structures, single-stage gearboxes are used, and for methane systems, two-stage analogues are relevant. Thanks to this unit, the fuel is transferred from the liquid phase to the gaseous one. An additional function of the two-stage models is to reduce the outlet pressure.
It is preferable to start engines with mixed fuel systems on gasoline in order to reduce the effect of detonation. Gas can also be used for this, but this should only be done in emergency situations.
Frequent starting on gas can render gearboxes unusable. The diaphragm built into them receives high overloads when the motor is started due to high pressure. After starting on gasoline, the operating temperature rises, and the automation transfers work to gas. Reduced pressure forces the automation to switch to liquid fuel, while the driver is given an audible signal.
The work of the fourth generation of HBO does not allow pops in the input channel that appear in systems that are poorly synchronized with mechanical feed. This reduces the risks of working on internal combustion engines with plastic manifolds.
After installation work, it will be necessary to ensure a high-quality ignition setting. This is due to the fact that gas has a significantly higher octane number when compared to gasoline. The gas block needs earlier ignition, which is reflected in a larger advance angle.
It should be borne in mind that the use of special spark plugs can significantly improve the operation of HBO. However, it will also work on classic NW ICEs. At the same time, tuning is carried out through the introduction of electronic variators.
The 4th generation system allows for upgrades and tuning. To do this, use the chip tuning of the motor. Thanks to optimization, it is possible to balance the temperature operating mode, in which there will be an automatic switching of fuel supplies.
Positive characteristics
The advantages of the 4th generation HBO compared to earlier modifications include factors:
- maximum power is formed due to a clear dosage of fuel and optimal proportions of mixture formation;
- jerks of the internal combustion engine are eliminated, the work proceeds smoothly without unnecessary friction and the pops characteristic of the previous generation are excluded;
- combustion of fuel occurs to a greater extent, which leads to an increase in environmental friendliness, compliance with Euro 3/4 standards, with a minimum power loss of 1 + 2%;
- the designers took care of the introduction of unique connectors that cannot be confused during installation, which simplifies and speeds up assembly;
- thanks to hardware diagnostics and software pairing, the 4th generation is perfectly installed on modern cars.
In any city, it is easy to find craftsmen who will help with setting up and solving technical issues with this equipment. The price tag for it is available to most users.
During operation, the performance of the internal combustion engine may deteriorate for the following reasons:
- the gearbox is broken
- the settings of the dispenser or gearbox have gone astray;
- the filter was used for a long time and became clogged, which led to a decrease in fuel supply;
- in winter, the temperature of the gas mixture is lowered.
It is worth considering that in cold weather the engine can consume a rich mixture. This happens due to the low temperature.
A gas convector is one of the varieties of autonomous heaters designed for heating individual rooms. Functionally, it is almost completely identical to its more common electrical counterpart, but it uses natural or liquefied gas as an energy source.
The principle of operation of a gas convector is based on a change in the properties of a gas with an increase in its temperature.
Passing through the convector heat exchanger, the air heats up, becomes lighter and rises higher, and new portions of cold air come in its place. This movement of air layers is called convection, hence the name of the device.
Internally, the device and the principle of operation of this heater unambiguously determine the method of its placement: it is best to install the convector as low as possible, then the efficiency of its work will be the greatest.
The fact is that the coldest air, due to its density and greater weight, is always at the bottom, and with this configuration it will be heated first of all. In practice, they most often try to mount a gas heating unit under a window, where heat losses are usually maximum.
The gas heater is often equipped with a tangential fan. Its installation helps to increase the rate of supply of heated air and significantly speed up the process of heating the room. In addition, some expensive models have an increased thickness of the case walls and therefore are able to accumulate significant amounts of heat, and then transfer it to the surrounding space using thermal radiation. Such devices combine the advantages of conventional radiators and convectors and provide the highest quality heating.
Gas convector device
A gas convector usually consists of the following components:
- frame;
- heat exchanger
- gas-burner;
- combined valve;
- combustion products removal system;
- thermostat;
- automation system.
Depending on the type and functionality of a particular device, some components may be implemented differently or may not be available at all.
Frame
The body of the gas convector has decorative and protective functions. Usually it is made of durable metal, painted with a special heat-resistant paint that can withstand sudden temperature changes and protects the surface from corrosion. Gas is constantly burning inside the device during its operation, so the casing must reliably protect the interior of the room from open fire. In the lower and upper parts of the case, special slots are provided for air circulation.
heat exchanger
The task of the heat exchanger is to quickly and efficiently heat the air. Therefore, it must have a maximum area of contact with the air flow. To do this, its surface is made as ribbed as possible. At the same time, the principle of operation of the heat exchanger involves constant heating from a gas flame, so it is made from heat-resistant steel or cast iron and coated with a heat-resistant dye.
Gas-burner
The heat for the operation of a gas convector is generated by burning gas in a burner. It is located inside the heat exchanger and usually consists of two parts: ignition and main. An electrode is supplied to the ignition burner, which ignites it using an electronic or piezoceramic discharge. If the automation did not block the gas supply due to a malfunction of any system components, the main burner ignites.
combination valve
The installation of a combined gas valve provides control of the pressure of the gas supplied to the combustion chamber of the convector, depending on the signals generated by the automation system or the thermostat. The valve respectively increases, reduces or completely stops the supply of fuel to the convector.
Smoke extraction system
Any gas heating units are divided into two groups: with natural and forced draft. The gas convector can also be arranged in different ways:
- Fireplace-type appliances take air from the room, and the products of combustion are discharged into a vertical chimney, i.e., their principle of operation is similar to the operation of a conventional stove.
- Parapet heaters are more environmentally friendly and safer. Air is taken in and flue gases are removed through a coaxial pipe, which is laid through the outer wall to the street. Thrust in this case is supported by a built-in fan.
Most manufactured convectors work according to the second scheme, which provides easier installation and comfortable use.
The chimney pipe is discharged horizontally at a distance of 50 to 120 mm (depending on the power of the convector and the diameter of the outlet pipe) and is closed with a grate that protects the device from foreign objects and flame blowing out.
Thermostat
A gas convector, like any modern heater, can maintain a predetermined temperature in the room. For this, a thermostat is used, which controls the operation of the gas valve. If the desired temperature has already been reached, the gas supply is set to the minimum level sufficient to maintain it.
Automation system
Built-in automation analyzes the readings of the sensors and monitors the occurrence of all emergency situations. A drop in pressure in the gas line, interruption of the air supply to the combustion chamber, breakdown of the gas duct fan, flame failure and other problems lead to an instant shutdown of the convector.
Installation Features
Installation of a gas convector usually does not cause serious difficulties. The main task is to ensure the tightness of all connections and correctly cut a hole in the wall for a coaxial chimney. Usually this work is divided into several stages:
For more information on how to install a gas convector, see the video.
A gas convector is a good choice for heating rooms that have gas supply. Its installation is simple, does not require piping and complex calculations. If you need periodic short-term heating, it can be the most suitable option.
In this article, you will learn the nuances of how to install 2nd generation HBO on an injector. In particular, what difficulties are expected during installation. As you know, the second generation of gas equipment is designed to work with carburetor engines.
It does not monitor engine parameters using a variety of sensors. When installed on an injection motor, it will be necessary to adapt the HBO to the internal combustion engine control system. In other words, you need to use the elements that are present in the 4th generation HBO. And now it's time to find out what you need for such an upgrade.
Basic information about gas-balloon equipment of a car
As you know, the installation of gas equipment occurs on a car in which the main power system is gasoline or diesel. In other words, after installation, you get a dual-fuel engine. For injection engines, the use of fourth and third generation systems is relevant. The fifth generation is also ideal, but it is very expensive. Its cost is about two thousand dollars.
And the price of the gas pump, which is the main element of the system, is about half of the cost of the entire HBO set. The second-generation HBO turns out to be the cheapest; it can, if desired, be adapted for operation on an injection engine. True, it will be necessary to install an additional control unit, to adapt it to a standard ECU.
The main components of gas equipment
And now let's look at what the standard set that is installed on cars consists of. Gas-cylinder equipment cannot work without a special fitting, with which fuel is refueled. As a rule, it is installed in the rear of the car or next to the gas tank filler neck. A special cylinder is installed in the luggage compartment, which has a cylindrical or toroidal shape, depending on which 2nd generation LPG kit you purchase.
The latter fit perfectly in the spare wheel well. Also, for the normal functioning of the gas-cylinder equipment system, it is necessary to install a key in which the indicator of the balance in the gas cylinder is mounted. It also has a built-in fuel switch (gas-petrol). To inject gas into the intake manifold, special electromagnetic nozzles are needed. They are supplied under a certain pressure gas-air mixture. Through special hoses, it enters the intake manifold. But before that, it is necessary to clean the gas mixture, for which you need to use a special filter.
To regulate the pressure of the gas supplied to the nozzles, an evaporator reducer should be used. This is a device that allows you to reduce the pressure in the gas cylinder to the value necessary for the operation of electromagnetic nozzles.
The principle of operation of gas equipment
To control an engine that runs on a gas mixture, you need to use special devices. It is based on a microcontroller, which receives signals from all sensors used in an internal combustion engine. You can also use (in the case of a second generation ECU upgrade) electronic engine management systems that can work with two firmware. If you have a microcontroller of the January 5.1 family installed on your car, you can easily install the 2nd generation HBO kit on the injection motor.
All the necessary sensors are already on the engine, you only need to change the firmware of the electronic control system. In order to improve the economy of your entire system, as well as comply with environmental regulations, it is necessary to adapt the control unit to the lambda probe. The gas, when it passes through the fuel line, is cleaned by the filter element, then enters the gearbox. It is connected to the cooling system of the internal combustion engine and acts as a gas fuel evaporator.
In addition, it regulates the fuel pressure. After the gas reduces its pressure, it enters the nozzles. It is worth noting that the 2nd generation HBO on the carburetor has almost identical elements with those that are placed on the injector. True, there is one difference. Gas balloon systems of the second generation do not have such a perfect electronic filling.
Processes running in the system
Consider further what processes occur in the HBO system. The antifreeze, which is in the gearbox, gives off heat. This heats up the gas. It begins to change from liquid to gaseous form. Please note that you are filling liquid fuel into a gas cylinder, as it is under enormous pressure. Between the gearbox and in which the nozzles are mounted, there is a filter element for fine cleaning. And now a little about what is happening in the electronic filling.
The microcontroller receives all the information from the engine sensors installed on the vehicle. In addition, it analyzes information from sensors directly from the LPG equipment system. By making a complete analysis, he makes the fuel management as ideal as possible. The electronic control unit contains a special fuel card adapted for gas operation. HBO 2nd generation on the carburetor does not have electronic filling, for this reason it has a much higher gas consumption and less reliability. If you add artificial intelligence to the system, then it becomes more efficient.
HBO and ignition system
Next, you need to control the ignition timing. As you know, liquefied gas has a very high octane rating, much higher than any other brand of gasoline. Just imagine, the octane number of gas is in the range of 105-110. Let's say there is an engine that only works on the AI-80. If you fill it with 98th gasoline without making any adjustments to the ignition timing, then the engine will fail quite quickly.
Exhaust valves burn out first. Consequently, the power of the motor drops several times. We can say that it is precisely because of this that many are afraid to use 2nd generation HBO, the price of which on the market is only 7-10 thousand rubles. And here is the reason. The fact is that the 98th gasoline burns much more than the 80th. Therefore, it will burn for some more time in the exhaust manifold. Exactly the same story will happen if you operate a car on gas fuel, while not making adjustments to the ignition angle.
In addition, on injection engines, this will inevitably lead to a breakdown of the catalytic converter, since the exhaust gases will have a very high temperature. From all of the above, we can conclude that it is necessary to compensate for the long time of gas combustion by igniting it earlier. To do this, you need to increase the lead angle. If everything is done as it should be, then the gas-air mixture will burn only in the engine cylinder, only burnt fuel will start to go into the catalyst and exhaust manifold. From here there will be an increase in the efficiency of the motor, a decrease in gas consumption, and an increase in useful power.
Mass air flow sensor
It is worth starting a discussion of what elements should be used in the 2nd generation HBO system at a VAZ from the most expensive element - the air sensor passing through the filter element to the throttle valve. The internal combustion engine control unit uses the readings from this sensor to control the operation of the injection system. Based on the data received from the DMRV, the electronic control system calculates the amount of fuel that must be supplied for proper mixture formation.
The most optimal ignition timing is also calculated. Installation is carried out only after the filter element. More precisely, it is located between the filter and the throttle. It is here that the flow of clean air passes, which is consumed by the engine. It is worth noting that this is one of the most expensive elements of the 2nd generation electronic engine control system and HBO, the price of the DMRV is about two thousand rubles.
DMRV device
The internal device of the sensor is a fine mesh, in the middle of which a platinum thread is stretched. The latter warms up to a temperature of about 700 degrees in a short time. When air passes through it, there is a slight cooling of the thread. By how many degrees the temperature of the thread has fallen in comparison with the reference value, the amount of air that has passed near it is measured. At the output, the value changes in the range from 0 to 5 Volts. If there is no air flow, the engine is turned off, then the output of the DMRV will have a voltage of exactly 1 Volt. If you start the engine, air will begin to flow through the MAF. The higher its consumption, the greater the voltage will be at the output of the sensor.
Intake manifold pressure sensor
But installing 2nd generation HBO on injection engines is impossible without connecting a variety of control devices. Pressure sensors, for example in the intake manifold, are necessary for the correct operation of the engine at various speeds. This is the basic element that is used in the control system of any gasoline-powered engine. It will definitely need to be adapted with the electronic control unit of gas equipment. It allows you to calculate the air density, determine its flow rate, therefore, the process of mixture formation and engine fuel supply is optimized. This pressure sensor can be a great alternative for an air flow meter. In addition, there are ECU designs in which pressure sensors are used in conjunction with flow meters. Without them, gas equipment will not work properly.
TPS
This is one of the elements that must be connected to the gas equipment control system. This is a variable resistance that allows you to provide a voltage change in a certain interval. The sensor is mounted directly on the throttle valve axis, rigidly connected to it. In other words, it acts on a variable resistance, changes the output voltage depending on how much effort the driver applies to the gas pedal.
Of course, 2 generations will be required before operation, the injector must work on a completely different fuel map than on gasoline. When the throttle is fully closed, the sensor resistance is at its maximum. But the output voltage has a minimum value. When the driver depresses the gas pedal, a gradual opening of the damper begins. There is an increase in voltage and a decrease in the resistance of the sensor. When the damper is fully open, the maximum value of 5 volts is supplied to the electronic control unit.
Please note that some vehicles may use TPS, in which the voltage is minimal when the damper is opened to the maximum. And when fully closed, it is 5 volts. The electronic control unit analyzes the damper opening speed and the angle of its rotation. Immediately there is an adjustment of the ignition timing, as well as an increase in the amount of air-fuel mixture entering the ramp. In other words, the 2nd generation HBO scheme turns out to be difficult. An injector adapted to it further exacerbates the situation.
crankshaft position sensor
This device is necessary in order to synchronize the injection and ignition controls. Some call the DPKV a timing sensor. Someone even calls it a reference point sensor. All three names can be used, they are correct. Without it, it is impossible to install HBO 2nd generation on the injector. The output signals from this device control the engine ECU. The data obtained is used to set the required amount of fuel that is fed into the combustion chamber. The moment of injection is also determined. In gasoline engines, the ignition timing is set.
In the event that adjustment of the valve timing is necessary, the DPKV controls the angle of rotation of the camshafts. If there is an adsorber and it works, then the time of its inclusion is adjusted. The most popular today are the DPKV of the inductive type. Devices based on As you understand, it will not be difficult to mount HBO 2 generations on a VAZ, you only need to purchase a control unit, most of the sensors are already on the engine.
Temperature sensors
The system will need to use two temperature sensors. The first is installed in the internal combustion engine block. It controls the temperature of the antifreeze. The second must be mounted on the body of the reducer-evaporator. Moreover, the principle of operation of the temperature sensors of the reducer and antifreeze is completely the same. All information that comes from them is necessarily used by the electronic control system. With its help, the main parameters of the operation of the 2nd generation HBO system are adjusted, depending on the temperature installed on the injector.
The Lambda probe
This is nothing but It measures the amount of oxygen in the car's exhaust system. With its help, the economy and environmental friendliness of your motor is ensured. It also adjusts the content of air and fuel in the mixture that enters the combustion chamber. Moreover, the adjustment takes place in various modes of engine operation. Of course, without it, you can mount HBO 2 generations on the injector if you install a special emulator. True, the Green Party will not be delighted with your actions. You will also lose a significant part of the engine power, reduce its efficiency, increase fuel consumption.
