You can talk about design canons for a long time, but every day the existing canons become less and less stable. Aesthetics and harmony, balance, colors, materials, brought together in order to get such a long-awaited result are the essence of your knowledge, practice and self-development. My motto is to learn, see, touch something new every day, and I am sure that this is the only way to keep the right course in “high design”.
Wood stain, what do you know about this liquid that can turn the cheapest wood into expensive "oak" or "rosewood"? Stain coating provides color without creating a film on the surface. Due to this, the tree retains its natural texture and naturalness.
Wood stain classification
A huge group of funds for staining can be divided into 4 categories:
- water,
- alcohol,
- nitro stains,
- oil.
What to choose?
Aquatic
I love them for being able to get a whole rainbow of colors and shades, ease of use and ease of mixing without unexpected results. Oh yes, the absence of an unpleasant smell and the speed of drying. The last two points will be relevant for those who plan to process a small thing, such as a jewelry box, at home.
Water stains can be truly “watery” and dry. The latter require dilution with warm water.
It will take about 12-14 hours for the surface to dry completely, is it a lot? Patience, my friend, haste is contraindicated in working with wood! A feature of the composition is its ability to lift wood fibers, as a result, sanding will be required.
In the water group, resin-based acrylic compounds stand apart. From personal observations, I can say that the color obtained when applying them does not fade or wash out.
And disadvantage- rather high price.
Alcoholic
Alcohol stain - an alcohol solution of aniline dyes. Advantages: deep penetration of dyes into the structure of the tree, which gives bright and saturated shades and drying speed, after 20–40 minutes the alcohol evaporates and the surface becomes suitable for further processing.
This drying speed puts forward its own requirements for application. It is necessary to work with the composition quickly, as accurately and accurately as possible, otherwise you will have to get acquainted with stains and smudges.
If you have a large surface to be treated, use a stain spray gun. It will help you get an even color.
Nitromordants
Can be called relatives of alcohol stains. Due to the presence of a solvent in the composition, they are as similar as possible in characteristics to the latter.
Oily
The base is linseed oil.
Advantages: uniform application, no smudges and stains. In addition, such a composition does not raise the wood fibers. For self-application, you can use a wide brush, spray gun or even a rag. Drying time - from 2 to 4 hours.
Riding on the rainbow
Having dealt with the classification, let's look at the colors that can be obtained using stain. The first rule that I made from personal bitter experience is that the same name on the package does not guarantee you getting the same result.
"Larch" ("Tsaritsyn paints") is a pleasant brownish-pinkish color, while "Novbytchim" believes that the color should be pale yellow.
How to choose a color? Neither the name nor the label is your friend, be guided by the color samples offered by the manufacturer. But even here a catch can await you - the structure of wood, density and original color affect the final result.
Painted pine will be an order of magnitude lighter than mahogany, but darker than maple. How so? Pine is porous and soft wood, perfectly absorbing pigment, while maple is hard and dense.
The texture of the wood is also important. For example, oak stains extremely unevenly (but beautifully) due to the fact that the paint penetrates into the veins faster and more intensely, while the main part remains lighter.
What to paint?
At one time, I had a useful experience using various stain application methods. And now I can say with confidence that there is no universal way.
If your goal is to cover a large area, use a spray gun with a nozzle no larger than 1.5 mm. The tool is universal, suitable for water, alcohol and nitro stains. The latter are extremely difficult to apply with a brush, since the composition dries quickly.
The water-based stain is "friends" with a wide brush and rags. A few more words about brushes:
- natural - for oil formulations;
- synthetic - for water-soluble.
If this is your first time staining wood with your own hands or the composition is unfamiliar to you, be sure to test stain it. This will allow you to understand how deeply the composition penetrates into a particular wood and how intense the color is.
The first layer is applied to the entire surface of the sample, the second - to 2/3, the third - 1/3. Such a “rainbow” is covered with 2–3 layers of varnish, after which it dries, final conclusions can be drawn about the appropriateness of using this type and color of stain.
How to starve and not get tired
| Stage | Instructions and recommendations |
| Preparatory | The work of the preparatory phase depends on the coverage:
|
| Basic | Before application, the stain is slightly heated, thereby increasing its penetrating power. Brush / foam swab / rags are moistened in stain and applied along the fibers. Thus, 2-4 layers are applied until the desired shade is obtained. |
| final | After drying, the surface is treated with sandpaper (except for staining with oil stain) and covered with several layers of varnish. |
It is better to imitate ebony on pear, birch, beech, alder and ash. You can get a believable "nut" on alder, linden and birch.
Themselves with mustaches
Liquid for tinting wood can be prepared independently. Our hands are not for boredom, so we take on home magic.
natural pigments. In this category, I will include plant components that can stain wood with high quality and give a lasting result.
- If you have a small thing in your work (for example, a box) made of light wood, paint it with a decoction of onion peel.
- Birch and oak can be turned into mahogany with a decoction of larch bark.
- A cold brown shade is obtained by decoction of a powder prepared from walnut shells. Before use, soda is added to the filtered liquid.
- Black natural "mordant" is obtained from a decoction of alder or oak bark.
Chemical pigments. For outdoor work, you can use chemical stains made from potassium permanganate, Glauber's salt, copper sulfate.
- Potassium permanganate gives wood a cherry hue. To do this, 50 grams of potassium permanganate is diluted in a liter of water and applied with a brush, the remains are removed with a damp sponge.
- Wolfberry juice + baking soda = blue.
- Wolfberry juice + Glauberth salt = scarlet.
- Wolfberry juice + blue vitriol = brown.
Summing up
The best stain is an extremely vague concept, determined by goals and desired results. For some it will be acrylic, for others it will be oil, covering a massive door. Be that as it may, staining wood is a great way to give it a shade while maintaining such a warm natural texture.
October 23, 2017
If you want to express gratitude, add a clarification or objection, ask the author something - add a comment or say thanks!
We offer a wide range of colors for our products.
When choosing materials for a tree of the corresponding category, please indicate the colors you need from the catalog presented.
Select the material you need to go to the color catalog:
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1. Colors of soft waxes for wood, hard waxes for wood:
Primary colors soft waxes and hard waxes, to enlarge the photo click the picture:
colors 01-11 colors 12-22 colors 29-45
colors 46-54 colors 55-66 colors 68-106
colors 107-114 colors 115-122 colors 123-133
colors 134-145 To enlarge the photo click on the picture.
Soft wax for wood ready for use, with the help of wax you can easily and quickly eliminate any furniture defects: scratches, cracks, chips. Soft wax for wood is well compatible with paint and varnish coatings on various bases.
hard wax for wood Ideal for removing defects on windows, doors, facades, countertops. The melting temperature of hard wax for wood is 95 degrees, so when working with it, you must use a gas soldering iron or an electric soldering iron. Hard wax for wood has good plasticity and adhesion and is compatible with any kind of finishing coatings.
Retouching marker designed to eliminate defects on wooden, synthetic and laminated surfaces. The Holzmarker retouching marker is indispensable when correcting a grinding defect on the edges of furniture facades.
Buy hard wax for wood, soft wax for wood, retouching markers you can in the categoryMaterials for restoration in the Internet Store
2. Color range of Holzmarker retouching markers and Ritocco Coprente enamel :
Click on the picture for increase.
3. Colors of nitro putties and water-based putties for wood:
Click on the picture for increase
Putty for wood used for sealing defects and leveling surfaces before painting. When choosing a putty for wood, you need to focus on the color of the stain, which is planned to be used in the future. Wood putty is recommended for use both indoors and outdoors. Buy you can putty for wood in the categoryPutty in the online store .
4. Colors of polyester putties for wood:
See the photo of the wood putty colors above.
Two-component polyester putty for wood made on the basis of polyester resins and mineral components with the addition of wood dust. Polyester putty for wood is recommended for use both indoors and outdoors. Buy polyester putty for wood you can in the category Putty in the online store.
5. Colors of PROFIX retouching pencils with stain
Click on the picture for increase
The pencil allows you to retouch wood surfaces, leaving the wood structure visible. Thanks to the convenient head, the retouching pencil is applicable even to the most hard-to-reach areas of the surface. After drying, the surface is resistant to light and water. Buy retouching pencil for wood you can in the category Materials for restoration in the Internet Store.
6. Colors of retouching pencils PROFIX PEN
Click on the picture for increase
Retouching pencil PROFIX PEN has a thin rod, which allows you to accurately paint over scratches on a wooden product and accurately reproduce the pattern of wood. The retouching pencil is ready to use and allows you to achieve very precise drawing even in the most inaccessible places.
7. HolzeFarbe Concentrated Wood Stain Colors:
Samples of Holzfarbe stain on oak veneer:
Samples of Holzfarbe stain on solid pine:
Click on the picture for increase
Universal concentrated dye for painting wooden surfaces indoors. Emphasizes the natural structure of wood. Buy wood stain you can category Wood stains in the online store.
8. Tinte Pastello wood stain colors:
Pastel wood stain, water-based. Colors can be mixed with each other to obtain the desired shades.
9. RITOCCO SEMICOPRENTE wood retouching ink colors:
Retouching ink for wood surfaces can be applied after touching up the damaged area with a retouching pencil. The treated surfaces are not weathered and retain their color over time.
10. HolzWachs Wood Beeswax Colors:
Beeswax for wood prevents cracks and scratches on all wood surfaces. The material contains natural beeswax, carnauba wax. Prevents the appearance of woodworms. You can buy beeswax for wood in the category Wax in the online store.
11. Colors of antique wood waxes ANTIKWACHS: 
Antique Wood Wax creates a soft glossy surface even on bare wood. Made from waxes of mineral (mountain wax), animal (beeswax) and vegetable (carnauba wax) origin.
12. Colors of HolzWachs Lasur decorative wax coating for wooden surfaces:
Samples of Holzwachs Lasur wax coating on oak veneer:
Click on the picture for increase
Samples of Holzwachs Lasur wax coating on solid pine:
Click on the picture for increase
Finishing coating based on wax and natural resin. The material can be used as a protective and decorative layer for unpainted wooden surfaces, and can also be applied to varnished surfaces for their restoration and renewal.
How to choose the material color you need?
1. Determine what kind of material you need - for example, Profix retouching pencil, Holzefarbe stain, beeswax, etc. Each type of material has its own range of colors.
2. According to the above list of materials at the top of the page - find a picture of flowers or natural photos of colors of materials.
We understand that printing and digital color reproduction distort the true color of the coating, which depends on many factors, including the type of wood, the quality of sanding, post-processing, etc.
Therefore, we offer the following additional color options:
- by color name and scale.
For example, you know that you need the color of nitro putty - dark walnut, so you are looking for this color - number 63 in the colors below, and you are also looking for similar colors that may also suit you. After that, find these colors in the pictures in the catalog or in the photographs.
- according to the desired color or shade. For example, you need a soft wax of reddish tones - according to the list below, you can find out what colors you need (62 - mahogany, 36 - light mahogany, 124 - red-brown, etc.)
3. Choose the colors that suit you best and enter them in the field Additionally- if you place an order through Online Store or dictate to the manager if you are going to place an order by phone.
Choosing a color by its name
If you know the name of your color, then find it in the table below and by the color number - find the color itself in the picture in the color catalog. (see top of page)
Standard material color names Borma Watches and their serial numbers:
| room | color name | room | color name | room | color name |
| 01 | light natural oak | 45 | rustic oak 2 | 110 | pearl white |
| 02 | natural oak | 46 | brown | 111 | beige |
| 03 | rustic oak 1 | 47 | dark brown | 112 | brown beige |
| 05 | pine | 48 | medium oak | 113 | sand |
| 06 |
Birch |
50 | white | 114 | |
| 07 | red walnut | 51 | light oak | 115 | |
| 08 | natural wood | 52 | dark oak | 116 | |
| 09 | light teak | 53 | light walnut P10 | 117 | |
| 10 | larch | 54 | Douglas | 118 | |
| 11 | gold | 55 | light walnut R21 | 119 | lemon yellow |
| 12 | golden ducat (bronze) | 58 | rosewood | 120 | yellow |
| 13 | dark elm | 59 | medium walnut | 121 | yellow-green |
| 14 | old walnut | 60 | black | 122 | orange |
| 15 | silver | 62 | mahogany | 123 | coral red |
| 16 | cherry (pear) | 63 | dark walnut | 124 | red-brown |
| 17 | teak | 64 | 125 | fiery red | |
| 18 | light elm | 65 | ash | 126 | pink |
| 19 | silver gold | 66 | dark cherry | 127 | Violet |
| 21 | dark beech | 68 | dark pear | 130 | green mint |
| 22 | medium larch | 100 | light gray | 131 | pale green |
| 29 | light cherry | 101 | grey | 132 | green |
| 30 | cherry | 102 | gray stone | 133 | grayish green |
| 33 | dark mahogany (wenge) | 103 | gray cement | 134 | green grass |
| 36 | light mahogany | 104 | dusty gray | 135 | brown green |
| 40 | maple | 105 | yellow gray | 136 | green pine |
| 41 | natural beech | 106 | olive gray | 137 | dark green |
| 42 | beech | 107 | gray quartz | 140 | bright blue |
| 43 | rustic oak 3 | 108 | beige gray | 141 | blue ocean |
| 44 | rustic oak 4 | 109 | brown gray | 142 | sky blue |
| 143 | violet-blue | ||||
| 144 | blue | ||||
| 145 | anthracite |
Choosing the color of the material according to the color scheme
Approximately determine the color of the material you need and, using the colors found, find the most suitable one in the pictures in the color catalog. (see top of page)
White:
1. White - 50.
2. Pearl white - 110.
Light shades:
01 - light natural oak
02 - natural oak
05 - pine
06 - birch
08 - natural wood
65 - ash
113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118.
Light brown shades:
10 - larch
29 - light cherry
30 - cherry
42 - beech
54 - douglas
Greenish dark wood colors:
43, 44 - rustic oak
48 - medium oak
52 - dark oak
Reddish shades:
16 - cherry pear
36 - light mahogany
62 - mahogany
66 - dark cherry
68 - dark pear
123, 124, 125 - red
Brown shades:
14 - old walnut
46 - brown
53 - light walnut
55 - light walnut
Dark brown shades:
47 - dark brown
59 - medium walnut
63 - dark walnut
07 - red walnut
Wenge, black:
33 - dark mahogany
58 - rosewood
60 - black
- What is she for?
- Types of wood stain
- Creating Effects
- Work technology
- Working with Defects
Wood stain combines the function of protecting the surface from dampness and reproduction of microflora and gives the product a rich color. However, this is more than varnish for furniture and interior items - with its help you can create a unique decoration of the room by updating a couple of wooden surfaces.
What is she for?
Wood stain does not work miracles, but it works according to a certain principle:
- Colored or colorless stain lacquer penetrates into the wood structure, creating a protective film not only above the surface, but also below it.
- Naturally lifts the fibers of the wood, highlighting the structure.
Natural shades of impregnation create an imitation of noble and unusual tree species even on the most ordinary boards, for example, ebony or oak .
Types of wood stain
Impregnations for wood are divided into types according to the base material for their manufacture.
Water
Water based stain is the most common foundation ingredient. This is the largest group of impregnations. It is produced in finished form or in powder, which is dissolved in water at home.
Her virtues:
- The solution is non-toxic due to the neutral base;
- A wide range of natural shades from the lightest to deep dark will help emphasize the naturalness or deepen the tone, make the surface of the product more expressive and noble;
- Easy to apply, low consumption;
- Affordable.
A significant drawback is the ability to lift the fibers of the tree, opening the way for moisture.
The solution is to keep the surface wet for a while, then remove the raised fibers with sandpaper and then impregnate. Another method of preventing wetting is the subsequent coating of the painted layer with varnish.
In addition, the water base dries relatively long.
Alcohol stain
Aniline dye dissolved in denatured alcohol. Wood stain is also sold dry or ready-made.
Its main advantage is the layer, like alcohol, it dries quickly. The same quality can be attributed to the disadvantages: in order to obtain a uniform color, it is necessary to use an airbrush; when applied manually, alcohol impregnation often forms greasy spots.
Oil stain
Pigments dissolved in oil (White Spirit) allow you to tint wooden surfaces in all possible shades. Such a tool is convenient for use at home - the oil stain fits well, it can be applied with any tool, it evenly penetrates into the depths, the texture of the wood is not disturbed, a protective film is formed.
Acrylic and wax
Wood stain made of wax or acrylic belongs to a new generation of materials for the treatment and protection of wood surfaces. Impregnation not only forms an insulating film. Stain colors are expanded compared to other types - from natural to bright exotic. The effect of a bright colored coating with a natural wood structure is called stain.
The technique is used by many designers of modern furniture - the appearance of the facades of cabinets made of oak or another breed with an unusual color causes unusual sensations. The main drawback of the material is that stain is more expensive than its counterparts.
Stain with whitening effect
Not all types of wood need dark saturation, in some cases it is necessary to give a lighter and cleaner shade. For this, stains based on acids or hydrogen peroxide have been developed. With their help, bleached timber is obtained, slightly discolored. Thus, the gray surface can be prepared for subsequent painting and processing.
Creating Effects
Alcohol or water stain can create an imitation of the naturalness of the coating without obvious traces of processing. When choosing a material for protection and painting, be guided by the desired effect: choose a shade of oak, pine or ebony (as in the photo) - the interior will be instantly ennobled.
Products made of ash or oak do not have to be tinted - leave their structure and shade open by choosing the shade of this breed that is as close to nature as possible.
The properties of each type of wood are different. In order not to make a mistake when buying, pay attention to the flower palette: a composition is applied to the boards of different breeds, where you can see the final result.
Work technology
Staining a wood surface is not a complicated process, but it requires a responsible approach. In order for the varnish coating to be uniform, the consumption to be minimal, and the smear to lie evenly, it is necessary to get acquainted with the intricacies of the work.
How best to apply stain on the surface: a master class
- Spraying is the most effective method. The coating lays down evenly, even gray wood will instantly acquire a new shade. Reduces the risk of smudges and oil marks.
- Rubbing the stain over a piece of porous wood with a rag will help to get the effect of oak or pine even on the most ordinary piece of non-noble raw materials. The composition must be applied carefully, because quick-drying solutions should be excluded.
- A roller or swab for applying stain is useful in case of covering a small area of wood. Thus, it will be possible to highlight and emphasize the cut pattern, the stain will evenly penetrate deep into the product, creating a protective screen.
- The brush is most often used for work - the tool is easy to use, wood stains lie flat, in the chosen direction. The master can play with natural ornaments and play with existing patterns by saturating colors in certain areas.
Which method is better to use and paint - the master decides based on his skills, the type of stain and the surface of the wood. To determine which stain in a particular case - when choosing, pay attention to the instructions for the preparation, which describes the conditions for application and operation.
Basic rules for work
Often it does not matter how many layers of wood stain will be applied. The main thing is to observe the technique and take into account some of the nuances:
- It is necessary to paint the product strictly according to the fibers of the wood. So it will be possible to reduce the consumption of the solution for smudges and emphasize the pattern.
- Wood stain should be of a comfortable consistency. Non-aqueous dissolves with white spirit to the optimum density.
- How many layers to apply - the master determines depending on the desired shade and effect. Usually 2-3 layers, each of which is thoroughly dried.
Make the first layer thin - here it is important to stain gradually and evenly. The layer will create a base for subsequent applications and reduce the consumption of stain solution.
- To avoid dark areas, varnish should not be applied twice in the same place.
- When dried, water stain on wood raises the fibers. They are cleaned with a coarse cloth in the longitudinal or diagonal direction.
- Water and alcohol solutions dry out after 2-3 hours, oil solutions - after 2-3 days.
For indoor and outdoor work, the rules are the same.
Master class on surface tinting
- Clean the wood of dirt and remove protruding fibers with sandpaper;
- Pour the stain, pre-diluted according to the instructions, into a small tray. Cooking can be done in small batches.
- Take the tool and, gradually picking up a solution on it, distribute the varnish over the wood.
Do not try to take a lot of paint - this increases consumption and reduces the quality of the coating.
Working with Defects
Lacquer stain lay wrong? There are several ways to fix defects. Master Class:
A streak has formed
We cover the place with varnish, which will dissolve the bottom layer. Now we clean the area with a rag. Work must be carried out immediately after a defect is discovered.
If the smudge is dry, soften it with paint thinner. The seal can also be removed with an emery or planer.
Spots
How many exactly did not remove the solution, but still stains formed? The problem may be in the wood itself - the array sometimes absorbs the solution unevenly. In this case, a planer will help. On plywood, you will have to remove all the veneer.
Non-aqueous gel impregnation is suitable for recoating. It does not penetrate into the depth of the wood, lays down evenly and dries for a long time. Its consumption is reduced due to surface distribution.
If you are working with wood and you need to give it a certain color, then you will definitely need a stain. To date, there are several types of stain, which differ in composition. You can find the following in stores types of stains:
- water;
- alcohol;
- oil;
- nitro stains.
Consider each type of stain in more detail.
1. water stain- this is the most common type. It gives the opportunity to paint wood in any tone: from the lightest "pine" color to dark mahogany. Available in liquid and dry form. Liquid water stain can be used immediately, but the dry powder must first be mixed with warm water.
This type of wood stain is almost odorless, which is a big advantage if wood staining takes place indoors. But it dries for quite a long time - within 12-14 hours. In addition, water stain can lift the pile of wood during staining, and this leads to the fact that wood after staining needs to be sanded.
Of all water stains, acrylic stains are separately distinguished, which are based on acrylic resin. They are more resistant to fading, do not wash out with water and lift wood fibers much less. However, they have one drawback - a high price.
2. Alcohol stain is a solution of various aniline dyes in alcohol (denatured alcohol). After applying the stain, the colorants penetrate into the texture of the wood, and the alcohol evaporates. This type of stain dries quickly enough - in 15-20 minutes. That is why it must be applied very quickly to prevent stains and washouts. Uniform staining with alcohol stain is achieved by using an airbrush to spray it.
3. Nitromordant- stain made on the basis of solvents. According to the principle of action, it is similar to alcohol stain. It is applied quickly and with a sprayer.
4. Oil stain- a mixture of dyes and oil (most often linseed). This type of stain is applied easily and evenly. Oil stain does not pick up fibres. The colorants of the oil stain have a high light resistance, which allows the surface to retain its brightness and original appearance for many years. Oil stain can be applied with a spray gun, a wide brush or rags. Oil stain dries in 2-4 hours.
Choice of stain color.
Each color of the stain has its own code, which corresponds to the international classification, and a name that matches the type of wood, the color of which is copied by the stain. For example, stain "Chestnut", "Walnut" or "Cherry". But it is very short-sighted to choose a stain only by the name or the picture on the label, as an unforeseen result may turn out. There are special reasons for this:
1. If stains of the same color and cipher were made by different manufacturers, then they may have different shades. For example, the water stain "Larch" by the manufacturer "Tsaritsyno paints" has a pinkish-brown tint, and the "Larch" produced by "Novbytchim" has a pale yellow color. In various stores there are samples that have been painted with different stains. Such samples will convey the color of the stain much more accurately than the picture on the label.
2. The natural color, structure and density of wood can also affect the result. staining with stain. For example, stain on mahogany will look much darker than on maple (if the stain used was the same tone). This is because mahogany wood has a darker hue than maple wood.
The same test with pine and maple samples will demonstrate that pine wood stains faster and more intensely. Pine has a softer and more porous wood, while maple is denser and harder. For this reason, it is easier for dyes to penetrate pine wood.
The texture of the wood also affects the degree of staining. Oak has a pronounced structure, so it quickly darkens with stain, as the coloring substances penetrate into the recesses of the veins. But the main part of the oak wood, which is outside the veins, is painted more slowly and not so brightly.
Mortar application methods.
To paint wood stain, you can use an airbrush (nozzle size 1.5 mm or less), a wide brush (width 100 mm), a foam swab or rags. For processing a large area, it is better to use an airbrush. It is also used when working with nitrimorils and alcohol stains, as they dry very quickly, and when using brushes or tampons, stains appear on the surface of the wood.
Brushes, swabs and rags are great for working with water and oil stains. Brushes with natural bristles are suitable for oil stains, and with synthetic bristles - for water stains. The bristles of the brush should be strong and should not leave behind hairs on the surface of the wood.
If fabrics or tampons are used to work with the stain, then they should be cotton or foam rubber. They should not leave behind pile and threads that can remain on the painted surface and, thereby, reduce the quality of the coating.
Preparing for applying the stain: making a color sample.
After stain purchases, but before the start of the staining itself, it would be useful to make a color test. Its need is that it will help to understand whether this stain is suitable for the surface. In addition, the test will allow you to find out what color will turn out in the end, and will help determine the number of layers of application.
To make a color test, you will need a board treated in the same way as the wood that is to be painted. Undoubtedly, the wood species of the sample must match the main surface.
The plank is covered with one layer of stain. After drying, a second layer is applied to 2/3 of the sample. The third layer is applied to 1/3 of the plank. After the stain has dried, the plank is varnished in two layers. Comparing the brightness of the coloring of each part of the sample board, the optimal number of layers for a particular surface is chosen.
In order to choose the best option, you need to do several test stains. Several boards are painted with different stains and then the final choice is made.
Wood treatment before staining.
Before applying the stain, the wood must be prepared. There are several processing steps:
1. First you need to remove the old coating, if any. This is done by scraping and sanding the boards. This process will not only remove the old coating, but also level the wooden surface.
2. Clean the surface from grease and oil stains. To do this, wipe the problem areas with a rag that has been dipped in white spirit or gasoline.
3. Coniferous woods must be deresined before staining with stain. It is necessary to remove resin from the wood structure, which may interfere with stain absorbency. There are several types of solutions for deresining:
Dissolve 50 g of potassium carbonate and 60 g of soda ash in 1 liter of water heated to 60 degrees.
Dissolve 50 g of caustic soda in 1 liter of warm water. Treat the surface with the resulting soda solution.
Mix 750 ml of distilled water with 250 g of acetone.
Any of these solutions must be applied to the surface of the wood in several layers. After 30 minutes, wipe the wood with a cotton cloth and rinse with warm water.
Stages of staining a wooden surface with wood stain.
If the wooden surface is properly prepared for staining, then the procedure for applying the stain will be quite simple. It is carried out in the following steps:
1. First, the stain needs to be slightly warmed up to increase its degree of penetration into the wood.
2. A brush, rag or swab is moistened in the stain. In no case do not allow strong moisture, as streaks may appear and the coloring will become uneven. If a sprayer is used, then the stain is poured into the tank.
3. The stain is applied along the wood fibers. It is necessary to apply the stain quickly and without interruption to avoid staining. If streaks appear, then the surface must be wiped with a cloth, collecting excess liquid along the fibers. Then the surface is left until the stain is completely dry.
4. Similarly, several more layers of stain are applied in order to obtain the desired shade (usually 2-3 layers).
5. Then surface, stained, varnished in several layers. Each intermediate layer is sanded with fine-grained sanding paper.
Using wood in a home interior, you think about how long it will last. The answer depends on whether you know how to choose stains and varnishes for interior woodwork. It is worth considering further use: for furniture, choose non-toxic compounds, for the floor - resistant to abrasion.
We select the mixture according to the type of surface and its further application
Each surface has its own characteristics and risks of damage. To protect the tree and preserve its beauty, you need to carefully choose the composition of the mixture covering it.
The coating may have the following properties:
- toxicity - the safest ones are made on the basis of water, wax and oils. Nitro-varnishes and polyurethane are applied in a respirator;
- drying speed - alcohol-based formulations dry the fastest (almost instantly). Slightly inferior to them are varnishes and stains on the water and nitro-varnishes (about three hours). Oil solutions dry the longest (at least a day);
- the ability to prime small irregularities and porous wood - they are conditionally divided into ready-made self-priming compounds, nitro-varnishes with a large dry residue and varnishes with the addition of a filler;
- wear resistance - polyurethane varnish is the most resistant to any damage, but if used carelessly, it tightly glues the planks. The most unstable nitrocellulose;
- resistance to fire - ready-made fire-resistant varnishes. Fire resistance directly depends on the thickness of the layer;
- lack of smell - there is no fuse in acrylic varnishes and water-based stains. The smell of epoxy and oil compounds disappears up to three days.
They differ in the type of application:
- brush - viscous compositions based on oil, resins and wax are applied;
- spray gun - a mixture based on alcohol and water.
We select stain for interior work with wood
The first thing that interests any person is what visual effect the stain will give, they are repelled from it, choosing the composition.
Choice by visual effect
Staining wood with stain is used not only as a decorative coating, sometimes toning hides the mistakes of previous experiments or helps to achieve a uniform color for porous wood products. For tinting, powder stains are used, mixing them with a solution in which the pigment is added.
If you are an adherent of ancient technologies, use organic dyes, they retain color for centuries. Their color scheme is more meager, but if you have a recipe, you can create the same shade after decades.
Using herbal ingredients, you can achieve the following shades:
- red - a decoction of larch bark or onion peel;
- brown - nutshell powder with the addition of soda. If you need a rich color, mix willow and oak bark, alder earrings and walnut shells, cook a tincture with soda on this composition;
- gray - after applying stain with nut decoction, soak the surface with vinegar;
- black - with the addition of a decoction of oak or alder bark;
- yellow - mix a decoction of barberry root with alum and boil;
- scarlet - a composition of wolfberry juice and Glauber's salt;
- blue - juice of wolfberries with the addition of soda;
- green - potash with wolfberry juice.
Powder stain is diluted with a decoction and applied as when diluted with water.
Colorless stain to enhance the natural beauty of wood
This category includes all types of stains, without additives. True, they shade the color of the boards a little. This is due to the type of wood - on dense wood, the natural color will remain, and on the porous structure it will become several tones darker.
Rustic stain for vintage look
There are two ways to get this effect. Buying a ready-made composition with increased seepage into deep layers or applying ordinary stain to a sanded surface, followed by removing it in convex areas. To enhance the contrast, you need to walk along the wood fibers with a metal brush, then the softer areas will become deeper and darker.
Compositions for multi-colored application
They are used to obtain the color "Arctic oak", "bleached oak" and other options with bleaching. For work, they acquire a water-based stain with white pigment, oil stain and wax. The first layer is applied for bleaching, and the second with a stain mixture with the addition of melted wax. The excess is removed with a rag. The oil soaks into the veins, emphasizing the wood structure.
Not all solvents are universal, some are not suitable for a nursery, but they are indispensable when processing parquet. Before purchasing the composition, decide where it will be used.
Which breeding ground is right for you:
- alcohol - resistant to ultraviolet, does not require additional protection with varnish;
- oil - ideal for beginners without a special tool, environmentally friendly and resistant to abrasion;
- wax - not suitable for further coating with polyurethane and two-component acid curing varnish;
- nitro - applied with a spray gun due to capriciousness and frequent stains;
- water - requires grinding after application due to the lifting of the fibers.
It is better to purchase several types than to spoil the product in pursuit of savings.
Protecting wood with varnish
The stain is not able to protect the wood from contact with other objects, therefore, after it has completely dried, it is recommended to varnish the product.
Desired end result:
- glossy - looks good in rooms with poor lighting, giving the surface depth. In a room with bright light, it creates a mirror shine that hides the beauty of the tree;
- matte - retains a natural look;
- mother-of-pearl - during the play of light, internal flicker appears;
- tinted - with the addition of pigment to change the shade.
When applying mother-of-pearl and tinted varnish, do not forget that the color saturation depends on the number of layers.
Varnish types
Like stain, varnishes have different bases, some of them emit toxic substances during operation and require long airing.
They are divided into the following types:
- alcohol - most often used for small items by restorers or when processing musical instruments;
- water-soluble - odorless and not afraid of detergents, suitable for children's furniture;
- oil - used to cover the floor, shade the wood with yellow;
- alkyd - glyphthalic and pentaphthalic synthetic resin is used as a base;
- polyester - suitable for items with frequent use, form a protective film. Withstand not only washing, but also the ingress of reagents;
- epoxy - the same resistant as polyester, but with a faster drying rate;
- polyurethane - one of the most resistant, most often cover parquet in public places and yachts;
- acrylic - used for processing children's toys and furniture, the safest for health.
When mixing, pay attention to the fact that the stain and varnish components do not conflict, but it is better to apply them separately. The varnish prevents the wood stain from penetrating into the wood, so such experiments end up with ugly dark stains and spots on the surface.
