Bioprotection of wood. Biosecurity of log cabins of wooden houses and baths. Funds. Fire bioprotection for wood What is better fire bioprotection or bioprotection

Evgeny Sedov

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Content

To protect the load-bearing structural elements of the house, made of flammable materials, from the likely risks of damage in the event of a dangerous situation, special means are used (I and II groups according to the degree of fire protection efficiency). They are part of a set of measures to ensure the fire safety of the facility.

What is fire protection for wood

This is a product of a certain composition, the use of which reduces the likelihood of instantaneous ignition of an object, slows down the rate of spread of fire. Another name is flame retardants for wood. Protective substances process a certain type of material, i.e. they are highly specialized. Application must be carried out prior to construction. It is necessary to treat with fire bioprotection not only the elements of the frame of the house, but also scaffolding, scaffolding and other auxiliary structures, if they are made of wood.

How wood fire protection works

The fire-fighting substance has a number of properties: bioprotective or antiseptic; fire retardant. Depending on the type, the principle of operation of the composition differs:

1. Wood fire retardant may release non-flammable gases, which reduces the oxygen supply to the material.
2. Another way: the formation of a dense, impermeable film, due to which the combustion temperature of the wood increases significantly.
3. Refractory substances may contain a number of compounds: salts of boric, phosphoric or silicic acids. There are also salt-free analogues - their price is higher.

Wood preservative

The advantage of fire protection is a complex effect. In external processing, refractory impregnation for wood is also effective in the fight against insects. This property is ensured due to the effect on the material of the compounds that make up the composition. In this case, either salt crystals penetrate the structure, or the wood is impregnated with technological substances. In the second case, there is no film on the surface, antiseptic properties are manifested during the formation of chemical bonds between the impregnation elements and the material, which prevents insects from starting up in the structure.

Fire retardants for wood

Fire protection is provided due to chemical reactions with a significant increase in temperature. Decomposition of compounds into constituent elements leads to the release of coke foam or non-combustible gases. The first of the options covers the material. When the fire is eliminated, the foam coke layer can be removed mechanically. If such bio-fire protection for wood is used, the impregnated material remains intact. When using other types of flame retardants, gases are formed, more often poisonous. This means that you need to ventilate the room well.

Fire retardant for wood

Classification is carried out according to the method of application and the principle of action:

• penetrating substances (fire-retardant impregnation of wood);
• special coatings.

In the first case, a comprehensive protection of the tree from the inside is provided, in the second, different types of coatings are applied on the outside of the boards. It can be paints and varnishes, pasty coatings. All of them are characterized by varying degrees of intensity of exposure to fire. There are saline and non-salt substances. The division of penetrating compounds into groups is carried out on the basis of the characteristics of the substances. It:

• organosoluble fire and bioprotection for wood;
• water soluble compounds.

The second option is very popular, because it does not require the use of hazardous solvents, which often represent a group of combustible substances. This favorably distinguishes preparations for treatment from organic-soluble analogues. Given the characteristics of the composition of water-soluble substances, they can be divided into groups:

• indelible;
• difficult to wash out;
• washable;
• lightweight.

Fire bioprotection of wood of popular brands

To choose a high-quality and proven composition, it is recommended to study the offers on the market. Popular brands are Olimp, Senezh, Neomid, Asfor, Pirilax, Healthy Home. In addition, well-known manufacturers (TechnoNIKOL) offer products based on other substances, for example, bituminous varnish, which protects wood from insects and decay. Such materials can be selected and ordered in the catalog on the manufacturer's website or from intermediaries.

Price for fire bioprotection for wood

The cost directly depends on the intensity of the effect of the substance on the fire and the effectiveness of protection (I or II group), and additionally - on the consumption, method of application and volume of containers. If you buy fire protection in an online store, it will cost a little cheaper. The price of different types of funds lies in the range from 300 to 6,000 rubles / container. Senezh products (10 kg) are offered inexpensively - at a price of 700 rubles, a smaller amount (5 kg) can be bought for 620 rubles.

The cost significantly fluctuates depending on the amount of fire protection of wood and its properties. For example, compositions of group I of fire protection efficiency will cost several thousand rubles. In this case, consumption plays a secondary role. For comparison, the price of substances of the Neomid brand of group I is 6,000 rubles. (25 kg). Some types of wood fire protection, for example, Senezh, can be applied repeatedly, which increases consumption, but at the same time impregnation of wood. This will lead to an increase in the price of processing 1 square. m area, but will improve the properties of the material.

Protection of wooden structures from decay and fire

1. The wood should dry out, which in the future will ensure good absorption of the substance.
2. The surface is cleared. If there is an old paint and varnish coating, it must be removed before applying fire protection.
3. The coating/impregnation is applied in several layers. The quantity is determined by the consumption of the substance per 1 sq. m (indicated on the package). The interval between applying layers is 12-24 hours.

How to choose fire bioprotection for wood

Increased reliability is provided by substances of group I of fire protection efficiency. First, it is recommended to pay attention to such compounds. In order to choose the right fire and bioprotection, the purpose of the material is taken into account: interior decoration, part of the supporting structure (concealed installation). The shade of the substance is taken into account: the coating can change color, there are colorless analogues.

It is necessary to take into account the type of composition, differences in the methods of application. This also affects the duration of drying, the degree of efficiency. Some compositions may be used in larger quantities to provide improved fire and biological protection. It is recommended to select a substance according to the method of exposure: decomposition into gaseous compounds, swelling on the surface of wood, melting of the outer coating. When choosing, you need to look at the container capacity and price, pre-calculate the required amount of fire retardant (approximate consumption).

1.1 Antiseptic and fire protection for wood "Sigma D" with specialized additives "PYRO-STOP" developed by technologists of the company "Sigma Color" and "Sigma Plus" designed to protect wood from fires, stops the progress of fire in the event of a fire (arson of a wooden structure)

1.2 The agent is a solution of acidic compounds with specialized additives "PYRO-STOP" and specially developed bioprotective wood additive "Living House +" for private and civil housing construction, does not form a film (wood "breathes"), provides a surface fire-retardant layer resistant to atmospheric precipitation and long-term protection of wood, and also has an aesthetic appearance after application. The structure of the tree appears.

1.3 The agent protects wood from biological destruction caused by various types of wood-staining, mold fungi and carpenter beetle, destroys pest larvae. It removes the already existing bio damage to the tree and prevents the emergence of a new one.

1.4 It is used for fire - bioprotection of external wooden surfaces (walls, parts of the roof, fresh log cabins, etc.) and internal wooden surfaces of premises (walls, ceilings, truss systems, attics, attics, basements, etc.).

1.5. Antiseptic and fire protection for wood of the Golden Style series does not dry on the surface in 20 minutes. when exposed to heat and does not freeze out at sub-zero temperatures, but absolutely all goes into the wood.

1.7. Does not cause allergies. A voluntary test of fire-bioprotective impregnation for the presence of harmful substances and the effect of the composition on human health was carried out.

1.8. The composition is certified.

2. PREPARATION FOR APPLICATION

2.1 The surface to be processed must be free of dust and dirt.

2.2 The surface should not be previously treated with impregnating, paint-and-lacquer and other compositions. If necessary, apply "Sigma D" to another composition, you need to make a "trial color" to check for compatibility.

2.3 For better absorption of the composition, the moisture content of the wood should not exceed 25% - 30%. It can be applied to wetter wood to prevent darkening of the wood during atmospheric drying of lumber and wooden log cabins on shrinkage.

2.4 Due to the fact that the composition is corrosive, containers for its storage and application equipment should be made of plastic or stainless steel. Equipment must be thoroughly washed and dried after application.

3. SURFACE TREATMENT

3.1 The agent is ready for use, it is not subject to dilution.

3.3 The product is applied to the wood by brush, spray or dipping.

3.4 In the process of processing and drying, the product tints the wood in a rich amber color. On pine and spruce wood, it shows the structure of wood due to the reaction of the composition to the resins contained in the tree. The veins of wood with a high resin content become darker and more pronounced. It is possible to apply finishing coatings.

3.5 CONSUMPTION OF ANTISEPTIC FOR WOOD:

- for wood preservative not less than 100 g/m² (in one layer). Depending on the degree of damage to the surface, the composition is applied in 1-2 layers.

- for the transfer of wood to the 1st group of fire retardant efficiency in accordance with GOST R 53292 - 2009 (mass loss less than 9%), the product is applied in an amount of at least 450 g/m². (not planed wood)

- for the transfer of wood to the 2nd group of fire retardant efficiency according to GOST R 53292 - 2009 (mass loss less than 25%), the product is applied in an amount of at least 200 g/m². (not planed wood)

- for bioprotection of wooden log cabins on exposure up to 150 g/m².

- for bioprotection of wooden log cabins during assembly the joints of the logs are impregnated in 3 layers under the brush with a total consumption of up to 450 g/m². It is not necessary to wait for the complete drying of the composition.

- profiled timber impregnated with a total consumption of 350 g/m².

- lining, planed board, polished wooden surfaces impregnated with a consumption of not more than 200 g/m². It is possible to apply a finishing coating.

-cavities with a consumption of 450 g/m².

-ends of logs, beams and boards are most susceptible to biodamage and are impregnated under the brush in 3 passes with an intermediate drying of 60 minutes. The depth of impregnation is 3 - 7 cm. After applying the antiseptic to the ends of the timber and logs, it is necessary to make a finishing coating.

3.6 Depending on the density of the wood, the composition is applied one or more times, the drying time between layers at normal temperature and humidity is 60 minutes, at negative temperatures, the drying time between layers increases to 3.5 hours.

3.7 Treated wood can be coated with any paints, varnishes and other compounds that do not contain calcite, chalk, lime, cement 15 days after application of the product or apply Sigma Oil-Wax finish for interior and exterior use, 25 colors or similar compositions from another manufacturer.

4. SAFETY

4.1 The agent belongs to moderately hazardous substances (hazard class 3 according to GOST 12.1.007). It does not have a cumulative effect. It has a weak irritant effect on the mucous membranes of the eyes, respiratory tract and on damaged areas of the skin.

4.2 When working with the product, it is necessary to use personal protective equipment.

4.3 Premises in which work is performed must be provided with ventilation and / or be well ventilated.

4.4 At the end of work with the product, wash your hands and face with soap and water. Eating at the workplace is not allowed.

4.5 Fire-bioprotective agent for wood fire - explosion-proof. During storage and operation does not emit harmful substances.

5. TRANSPORT AND STORAGE

5.1 The fire and bioprotective agent is transported by all means of transport in accordance with the rules for the carriage of goods in force for this type of transport.

5.2 The agent is stored in tightly closed polyethylene containers at an ambient temperature from minus 50º C to plus 50º C.

5.3 At a temperature of - 25º C, it partially crystallizes, after defrosting it retains its properties.

5.5. Shelf life 5 years. Does not precipitate.

The main methods of protecting wooden structures from bioinjuries are carried out with the help of constructive measures and chemicals. The task of constructive measures is to exclude the possibility of wetting wooden structures during the operation of buildings. Chemical protection methods protect wood from damage by fungi and wood-destroying insects.

A prerequisite for working with chemical means of protecting wooden structures from bioinjuries is the use of personal protective equipment.

Among the organisms that infect and destroy wood, fungi occupy a leading place. Wood is a source of nutrients and a place of existence for them. The development of the decay process begins in wood with a moisture content of at least 18–20% in the presence of air and at a positive temperature in the range from 5 to 45°C. But dry wood is also susceptible to wood-destroying fungi. The type of wood damage is determined by the type of putrefactive effect.

There are many types of wood-destroying mushrooms. They differ from each other in the shape, structure and color of the mycelium, cords, fruiting bodies and spores, as well as in the speed and strength of the destruction of wood. The most active and dangerous wood-destroying house mushrooms are: real house mushroom, white house mushroom, membranous house mushroom, lamellar house mushroom. The type of damage to wood depends on the type of wood-destroying fungus.

All existing antiseptics for wood can be divided into two types: decorative compounds and protective compounds.

Decorative compositions

Wood preservatives such as drying oil and oil paint have long been known. Protective properties are achieved by creating a water-repellent (oily) layer on the wood surface. The disadvantages of such products are a long drying time, relatively low decorative properties, the absence of antiseptic additives in the composition, and the fragility of the coating. In modern construction, they are used to a limited extent.
Impregnations based on alkyd resins in organic solvents have high protective and decorative properties. They emphasize the natural texture of wood and, in addition, allow you to imitate valuable wood species. The white spirit solvent contained in them provides good adhesion and deep penetration of useful (protective) substances into the substrate, and also destroys microorganisms and insects in the surface layer of wood. The disadvantages of such compounds are flammability and a pungent odor during work. They are widely used in modern construction for decorative wood finishing, mainly for outdoor work. The service life of the coating is 4–6 years.
Compositions based on aqueous dispersions of synthetic polymers are characterized by a weak, almost to the point of complete absence, smell, fast drying with the formation of a strong, water-impermeable, but “breathable” film on the surface, and very high decorative properties of the coating. These advantages make such materials indispensable when working indoors. The service life of the coating is 4–6 years.

Protective compounds

According to GOST 200022, wood preservatives are divided into easily washable (LV), washable (B), difficult to wash out (TV), and not washable (HB) according to washout. By solubility, they are divided into water-soluble (BP); soluble in light organic solvents (L); soluble in oils (M) and heavy petroleum products (creosotes of various compositions, petroleum oils). The latter are mainly used when wood comes into contact with the ground, for processing power transmission and communication poles, sleepers, parts of bridges and coastal structures. The service life of the coating is 35–40 years. However, for environmental reasons, the use of these funds is currently very limited.
Water-soluble (VR) compositions are used at the stage of construction or repair to treat wood in places where biodegraders can develop or to treat already affected areas. The treated wood is glued and painted with any paints and varnishes. Does not form a film, does not interfere with the “breathing” of wood. These compositions are fireproof, odorless. Ideal for processing hidden cavities. Hard-to-wash and non-wash-out compositions reliably protect wood from a wide range of fungi and insects for a long period (25–30 years) under extreme operating conditions. Some types of protective compounds can be treated with raw wood.
There are a large number of water-soluble formulations on the modern market. Most of them have only a preventive or narrowly focused effect and often do not meet environmental requirements.
Antiseptic treatment consists in treating wood with special chemicals. Antiseptics must be highly toxic to fungi, be resistant, penetrate well into wood, have no unpleasant odor, be harmless to humans and pets, not worsen the physical and mechanical properties of wood and not cause corrosion of metal joints and fasteners of wooden elements. Antiseptic treatment is carried out by the following methods: hydropulping; applying antiseptic solutions with brushes; short-term immersion of wooden parts in solutions with or without heating; soaking.
Wood preservative carry out water-soluble and oily antiseptics, as well as antiseptic pastes.

Water-soluble antiseptics designed to impregnate wood, which during operation will not be exposed to moisture, i.e. wooden elements of residential, public and industrial buildings. Among the most common antiseptics in this group, sodium fluoride, sodium fluorosilicon and ammonium, preparations BBK-3, XXTs, GR-48, etc. should be mentioned. Aqueous solutions of these antiseptics are colorless, and therefore, dyes (aniline and etc.).

Oily antiseptics due to their toxicity, pungent odor and ability to stain wood, they cover or impregnate the wooden structures of buildings and structures located in the open air, in the ground or in water. These antiseptics include coal, creosote, anthracene, shale oil, etc. They significantly increase the durability of wooden structures. Oily antiseptics are not used for processing wooden structures and products inside residential, public and industrial buildings.

Antiseptic pastes prepared from a water-soluble antiseptic (sodium fluoride or silicofluoride), a binder (bitumen, sulfite liquor extract, clay, etc.) and a filler (peat powder). Pastes are used to protect wooden elements of buildings and structures that are in conditions of high humidity. They are also filled with cracks in wooden structures to protect them from decay.
Wooden building structures and products are antiseptic in various ways: spraying with water-soluble antiseptics, successive impregnation in hot and cold baths, impregnation under pressure in autoclaves, coating with antiseptic pastes. Antiseptic methods vary depending on the purpose of the wood and its moisture content. The depth of impregnation depends on the method of antiseptic, as well as on the structure of the wood.
Wood is protected from moisture, decay and other undesirable effects of paint and varnish coatings: drying oil, water-dispersion and oil paints, varnishes and synthetic enamels. Enamels and paints filled with aluminum powder, used in conjunction with antiseptic compositions, have high protective properties.
To prevent wood rotting, a number of constructive measures are taken: they isolate it from soil, stone and concrete, arrange special channels for ventilation, protect wooden structures from atmospheric precipitation, make ebbs at the outer window frames, etc. However, only constructive measures cannot completely protect wood from moisture and decay.

Water-soluble preparations are also used for antiseptic lumber. PBT or sodium pentachlorophenolate. The concentration of working solutions is chosen depending on the type of wood and climatic zones, service conditions, source and nature of moisture. Some wood protection products (in particular, those recommended by GOST 20022.2–80 "Wood protection. Classification") are presented.

Antiseptics are materials with varying degrees of toxicity (for any organism: from mold fungi to humans), therefore, their use requires the permission of health authorities. According to the degree of danger (in accordance with GOST 28815–96), four classes are distinguished: extremely dangerous (class I), highly dangerous (class II), moderately dangerous (III), low dangerous (IV). The hazard characteristics of some preparations (according to GOST 28815–96) are presented.

Insects are a problem for building structures. If domestic woodworms, woodworms and woodworms (up to 1,000 species in total) feed on wood, then some exotic species, primarily termites, destroy everything. The latter also have “eaten” cities, for example, Tashkent in the first quarter of the last century; as well as railway sleepers. Destroying wood, insects form round and oval holes from 1 to 9 mm both in the massif and on its surface.
For insects, wood is food, habitat and reproduction. Of the four stages of development: egg, larva, pupa and adult insect - the larvae are actually wood eaters, while the destruction produced by the insects themselves is insignificant. They lie in the fact that insects, getting out of the wood, drill a hole in it - a notch. The type of damage to wood is determined by the type of wood insects.

Poisonous chemicals are used to combat beetles and their larvae - insecticides(contact and intestinal). Fluoride and silicofluoride sodium have been used since the beginning of the last century; when using them, safety measures must be observed.

Distributed abroad fumigation- gas attack. Poison gas (S) should be in a sealed room for at least a week. In our country, unfortunately, they do not produce agents that would be harmless to humans.
To prevent damage to wood by a bug, it is used preventive treatment silicofluoride compounds or 7–10% sodium chloride solution. In historical periods of widespread wooden construction all wood was processed at the harvesting stage. Aniline dyes were added to the protective solution, which changed the color of the wood.

Despite a number of positive factors, wood has two very significant drawbacks: it burns and creates favorable conditions for the development of microorganisms that destroy the structure.

To protect against negative moments, you need to take independent measures. Compositions of fire bioprotection have been developed specifically for these purposes.

What it is

The compositions are deep penetration impregnations that prevent the ignition of wood and the spread of open fire.

Another name for such substances is flame retardants: protective components of a narrowly directed action.

It is necessary to apply fire protection at the initial stages of construction, while not only walls, floors and ceilings are processed. All elements and auxiliary structures made of wood are impregnated with the composition.

Antipyrines work according to the following scheme:

under the influence of temperatures, the active substances melt, blocking the access of oxygen to the material;

a refractory film is formed, which significantly increases the ignition temperature of wood;

the organophosphorus compounds included in the composition cause swelling of the protective film, which excludes direct contact between the fire and the base.

Most of the products contain antiseptics that prevent the appearance of pathogenic microflora. Therefore, the building is under double protection.

Fire and bioprotective agents presented on the construction market differ in characteristics, composition and application features. Initially, the products in this category are conditionally divided into two groups:

Impregnation. Active substances penetrate deep into the fibers without changing the texture and appearance of the wood.

Coatings. The composition is applied superficially, negatively affects the texture, often has a pronounced chemical smell.

According to the type of active substance, fire protection products are classified as organic and water soluble. For residential buildings, the second type is more suitable.

Products also differ in chemical formula:

Saline. A budget option. Has a relatively low service life - no more than 3 years. Characterized by high flow and low penetration depth. Easily washed out with water, suitable for indoor use only.

Not saline. "Old-timer" of this market segment - applied since the mid 80s last century, has not lost its relevance in the present. The composition includes organophosphorus components that are highly resistant to high temperatures.

Such impregnations do not spoil the appearance of wood and can last up to 15 years, however, their cost is much higher than that of salt analogs

TOP-8 manufacturers

Products are manufactured by several companies, so many consumers have difficulty choosing high-quality and effective products. We have prepared for consideration 8 brands, which are respected among builders and have proven themselves on the positive side.

Tikkurila Tex Universal Fire protection

Products of Finnish manufacturers with high biocidal and fire retardant properties. After application, the composition provides:

protection of wooden elements from blue, the appearance of rot and mold;

prevents damage by carpenter bugs.

The composition does not contain toxic components, has no chemical smell, retains texture and decorative properties.

Impregnation is applied with a roller or brush, work is carried out only at positive temperatures not lower than +5 0 С. After application, it gives the surface a pinkish-red tint.

This is a product of a domestic company "Rogneda" designed to protect wooden buildings and structures for any purpose.

penetrates deep into the fiber structure;

increases the fire resistance of the material;

prevents the occurrence of biological infections.

Organic solvents are not used here, therefore, there is no pronounced chemical smell. Processing is recommended to be carried out in the temperature range: +5… +40 0 С, after application, the base acquires a mustard hue.

Despite a lot of positive qualities, it serves no more than 4 years, not suitable for protecting surfaces exposed to atmospheric precipitation.

These products are marketed by a Russian company "Descartes". The company is engaged in the production of protective compositions since 1992, at present, the product line includes two items:

Fire bioprotection 1- protection against open fire for 7 years.

Fire bioprotection 2- protection against open fire for 5 years.

In both cases, antiseptic properties are preserved for 10 years.

Fire bioprotection 1 creates a reddish layer on the surface, tinting the base. Products of the second group are transparent or pronounced red. The compositions are suitable for indoor and outdoor use.

Under this trademark, a wood impregnation developed by the company "Senezh-Preparations". The company has its own research base and chemical laboratory, which allows to produce high-quality products.

reliably protects wooden surfaces from biological influences;

makes the material refractory;

prevents the spread of open fire.

Fire retardant properties are maintained for 3-5 years, biosecurity up to 20 years. Depending on the category, the impregnation may form a transparent film or change the color of the surface.

The products are produced in four categories, provides fire protection class 1-2, which is preserved within 7 years. Bioprotective properties supported within 10 years from the moment of application.

Impregnation forms a durable flame retardant film, which swells upon contact with fire, forming a kind of protective screen.

The surface after treatment acquires a reddish color or remains unchanged, depending on the category of goods. The composition is suitable for any wooden surfaces for which further mechanical processing is not expected.

Produced by the Izhevsk production company "NORT", is presented on the market in six variations. Purpose: protection of wooden structures and decorative elements from fire and fungal spores.

Depending on the variety, it is used for indoor and outdoor use, suitable for use in normal and difficult conditions.

The compositions of this manufacturer are distinguished by the longest service life, and can retain protective properties. up to 30 years.

Woodmaster, Pyrex

These varieties are manufactured by "Rogneda". Solutions are characterized by high refractory and bioprotective properties, but they differ somewhat in technical terms:

woodmaster- provides protection up to 5 years, does not change the texture of the surface, makes wood resistant to biodegradation for 4 years.

Pyrex- retains protective properties throughout 6-10 years old for indoor and outdoor use respectively. After application, it can decorate the surface, giving it a pink or dark golden hue.

Depending on these features, the cost of the material differs - Pyrex will cost more.

OGNEBIO (PROSEPT)

Universal protection, which is suitable for the treatment of internal and external surfaces. In direct contact with fire, the active components emit a non-flammable gas that prevents the spread of open fire.

The composition does not change the texture of the base, suitable for subsequent gluing or painting. Impregnation prevents the appearance of fungal spores, mold and blue.

Consumption per 1 m 2

This parameter directly depends on the properties of the composition and the type of wood that makes up the treated surface. Therefore, when buying, carefully study the instructions for use and the manufacturer's recommendations.

For example, it provides reliable protection when the impregnation is consumed 250 g/m2, but gives a similar effect with a six-layer application with a consumption of 600 g/m2. In addition, consider the nominal penetration depth, which can vary within 6-12mm.

Wood as a building material has a large number of advantages, among which it is worth highlighting manufacturability, insulating abilities (heat and sound), ease of processing, environmental friendliness, unique natural beauty ... However, being a natural material of organic origin, lumber and house elements assembled from them , their entire service life remain dependent on a number of climatic and operating conditions. Wood needs to be looked after and protected. How to do it and what - we will consider in this article.

Key principles of wood protection

Practice shows that only then it is possible to achieve effective protection of a wooden house, if we take the concept as a basis STAGED and INTEGRATED processing with COMPATIBLE compositions among themselves .

The essence of the problem

Enemies of lumber and wooden structures in general are:

• Water. A board or beam can change the percentage of humidity even when the humidity changes. Due to sudden changes in humidity, the workpiece: swells / shrinks, cracks, warps (bends), rots, darkens ... It is water that, under certain conditions, causes the development of fungi, as it is a nutrient medium.
• Pests. This should include: mushrooms (staining, destroying, mold), algae, wood-boring insects. The vast majority of these infections not only worsen the appearance of the tree and reduce the grade of lumber, but also cause the loss of strength characteristics of structural elements, which can lead to deformation and destruction of various elements of the house.
• Fire. Wood supports combustion (carbon monoxide, heat...) and something must be done about it, because fire is a danger, the most destructive.
• Ultraviolet. A tree that has been in the sun for a long time darkens, ages, and systematically collapses from the outside.

A complex approach

Builders solve the problem of protecting the wooden elements of the house in a variety of ways, ranging from careful selection of raw materials and compliance with the necessary requirements for the harvesting process, to proper storage and transportation of lumber, selection of the most suitable place for building a house, development of optimal structural and architectural configurations.

But this is not enough, for example, it is not enough just to exclude direct wetting of wood or to comply with all the provisions of the PUE. To ensure that you get a comfortable, durable and safe house, you need modern chemical protection. The old "grandfather" methods cannot give the results required by the strict building codes of our time.

The entire protection system is based on three pillars:

• Antiseptics (pest control);
• Flame retardants (fight against ignition and spread of fire);
• Decorating coatings.

In addition to aesthetic tasks, decorating compositions can do something else: they create a layer that prevents the penetration of moisture into the fibers, do not allow the wood to get dirty and darken, burn out under the action of ultraviolet radiation, wear out under load, etc. Some compounds destroy microbiological contamination.

Obviously, the third point is not mandatory if we are dealing with structures that will be hidden from view. But antiseptics and flame retardants always go hand in hand, which is why the general inseparable concept of "FIRE BIO PROTECTION" appeared, and means of combined action appeared. Many years of experience show that with the correct use of modern wood processing means, it is possible to obtain the desired result relatively quickly, quickly and safely for humans.

It is worth highlighting the main consumer requirements for flame retardant compositions:

• effective action,
• The longest working life
• environmental friendliness,
• No negative impact on the appearance of wood,
• Versatility and ease of use,
• Good compatibility with other compounds,
• Affordable fire protection price.

What exactly is subject to fire and bioprotective treatment in a wooden house?

Ideally, it is desirable to process ALL wooden elements of the house: walls, floor beams, partition frames, logs, rafters, roof sheathing, wall / free-standing frame bars, windows and doors, all types of sheathing inside and outside the building.

Let's not forget that mineral materials (concrete, brick, natural stone, plaster ...) under certain conditions can also be affected by harmful microorganisms, for example, mold. In the construction of wooden houses, experts recommend that they also be subjected to antiseptics, so as not to suddenly get a focus of tree infection right inside the house. Of course, special attention is paid to "risk areas" that are subject to mandatory processing.

That is, elements that are operated in conditions of high humidity, because it is a prerequisite for the vital activity of dangerous pests. These are the lower crowns of "log houses" (beam or log), the frame and cladding of the facade, the walls of the steam rooms, logs and filing floors on the ground, open street structures, etc. Here, to combat biodegradation, the most powerful antiseptics are used, in increased concentrations, with a large number of layers.

And, let's say, in the context of fire prevention measures, the most demanding will be roofing structures or premises of a wooden house with various types of heat generators (boiler rooms, halls with fireplaces ...).

When can fire retardants and antiseptics be used?

If we talk about the time of year, then everything is limited only by the manufacturer's recommendations on the temperatures for using protective compounds. In extreme heat and in winter, it is usually impossible to process, although, for example, Pirilax Lux fire and bioprotection can be applied in frost at -15 degrees. But from the beginning of spring until late autumn - it's time to defend yourself. Moreover, already in early spring, all pests begin to become active, and it is easiest for them to get into lumber.

Preparatory stage. During the period of harvesting and transportation of sawlogs, as well as during the storage of lumber at the facility, it is necessary to avoid damage to the blanks and parts by mold, other types of fungi, since a fairly decent period of time can pass before the use of wooden products and sheltering the house under the roof. For these purposes, the so-called "transport" antiseptics are used, the effectiveness of which, meanwhile, is best achieved by observing the basic rules for the storage and transportation of lumber, finished products from them.

Note that auxiliary parts and fixtures also need to be processed. For example, to decontaminate spacers for stacks of lumber, or to open scaffolding made of wood with fire retardants (according to statistics, quite often a fire spreads to a building precisely through wooden scaffolding and scaffolding).

Initial stages of construction. Here we are usually talking about "responsible" structures, which, as a rule, perform certain supporting functions. This category just includes structures and elements from the “risk zones” that we mentioned above (lower rims, beams, columns, logs, rafters, racks and lintels of frames, battens and counter-lattices ...). They form the basis of a wooden house, after the completion of construction they often become closed and inaccessible for re-processing, therefore they require especially careful protection, which will work for many years in a row.

The fire-retardant and antiseptic compositions that are needed for such knots must penetrate deeply and securely fix in the wood, remain there under any conditions, and have the maximum bactericidal / fire-fighting effect.

Finishing stages. When the construction of a wooden house comes to an end, decorative surface finishing begins. Inside the building and outside, wooden elements are opened with protective and decorative compounds (glazing or covering), which can also serve as an antiseptic.

It is important to take into account that at any stage fire bioprotection should be applied in a timely manner, more precisely “the sooner the better”, because it is much easier to deal with problems preventively than later to fight the consequences of pests or assess damage from exposure to precipitation or fire. If the moment when it was necessary to deal with prevention is missed, and the first signs of infection of lumber with pests appear (dark dots, blue, insect passages, traces of mycelium ...) - then you need to immediately deal with the elimination of the pathogen so that the building material does not have to be used later only as firewood . And here you will have to use the most powerful means that can cope with already rampant pests. Fortunately, compounds intended for treatment also exist, for example, the notorious "Nortex-Doctor" from the company North.

How to choose a wood preservative, selection criteria

There are relatively versatile wood processing materials that combine several functions at once. But many of them have a rather narrow specialization, are designed for use in some specific conditions, and have special properties. Therefore, before starting the search, it is recommended to decide on a certain amount of input data in order to buy the most effective fire protection for your conditions. There aren't really many:

• What is the specificity of the object. There is a big difference - this is a bathhouse, an outbuilding, a residential building, a fence or, for example, outdoor furniture.
• What surface material will be processed in a wooden house - wood structures, stone elements or, say, textiles.
• What type of elements are to be processed - crowns, wall frames, roof subsystem, floor, ceiling, clapboard sheathing, decorative details, scaffolding, etc.
• Whether it is necessary to treat already infected wood, or preventive protection of lumber and structures will be carried out.
• What kind of material will be used for finishing - compatibility of fire and biological protection with decorative coatings is needed.

Types and features of the operation of various protective equipment

So, we have already decided that there are three main types of compounds that work best when used in combination. However, in each of these categories there are many significantly different options, especially if we consider products from different companies. Let's try to understand the principle of operation and areas of application of various models / lines using the products of the well-known company NORT as an example.

Antiseptics

Protection of wood from biological damage is carried out with compositions based on oils, volatile organic substances, or water-soluble agents. Not all of them are equally effective and practical, some of them stop working too quickly, others heavily stain the lumber, hiding the beautiful texture of the wood. There are antiseptics that create an impermeable film on the surfaces, which prevents the wood from "breathing" and locks capillary water inside. Many of these “helpers” are very harmful to health and therefore have many restrictions on their use.

Recently, there has been a clear trend towards an increase in the popularity of aqueous solutions (antiseptics and fire protection). A striking example of bioprotection can be modern eco-friendly antiseptics from NORT: Nortex®-Lux, Nortex®-Doctor.
These liquid formulations have a complex effect on pests, as they have active insecticidal and fungicidal components in their composition, which reliably kill fungi, algae, beetles and mold. They also prevent the reappearance of pests (30 years for Lux and 10 years for Doctor). These are impregnations that penetrate deep into the lumber and, by binding to the wood molecules, work there for a very long time, while they do not form films, the wood is not stained. They can be applied at any stage of construction, both when creating blanks and for processing finished structures.

It is noteworthy that Nortex-Lux and Nortex-Doctor, due to their safety for people and animals, can be safely used indoors, and the first one can even be used inside a sauna or bath. The main feature of the antiseptic "Doctor" is the possibility of not only prevention, but also the treatment of already affected structures. Both compositions also prevent the tree from aging and decay.

The company has two more interesting models of antiseptics - Nortex-Transit and Nortex-Bleach.
As the name implies, Transit is intended for temporary protection (from 3 months to one and a half years, depending on the proportion of dilution of the concentrate and the number of layers) of lumber during storage and transportation, as well as for the protection of log cabins that are aging. It can even be applied to freshly sawn boards and beams of natural humidity; when the composition is heated, it can be processed in sub-zero temperatures.
Bleach allows you to lighten wood, which for some reason has darkened. In addition to restoring the appearance, this two-component aqueous solution allows you to cope with wood-staining fungi. This suggests that the composition does not just mask the defeat, but fights with it, and protects against problems in the future.

flame retardants

Flame retardants should be considered compositions that provide the 1st or 2nd group in terms of the effectiveness of fire protection of lumber according to GOST 16363-98 Fire protection means for wood. Methods for determining fire retardant properties (or according to GOST 53292 - 2009). The first group is characterized by more stringent requirements and is recommended for processing critical load-bearing structures.

It makes sense to divide modern means for giving fire-fighting properties to wood into two types:

• coatings,
• Impregnation.

Coatings include all kinds of varnishes / paints, coating pastes and other chemicals, which leaves a layer relatively impervious to fire on the surface. But they greatly change the appearance of wood products or even completely hide the color and texture of wood. It is clear that such products cannot be used to protect visible structures, especially since many of them emit harmful substances and are unsafe for people.

Of course, fire retardant impregnations are more advanced and multifunctional. For example, the NORT company presents an innovative, but already trusted Pirilax family of biopyrenes, as well as the Ozone-007 composition and the Mig-09 dry concentrate.

The work of these fire and bioprotective agents is based on the formation (in fire conditions) on the surface of the lumber of a coke foam coat, which, when ignited, does not allow oxygen to penetrate into the fire zone and protects the tree from high temperature due to the reduced thermal conductivity of the porous mass. In parallel with the endothermic reaction, the resulting interlayer releases non-combustible gases. As a result, the burning of the tree stops.

Interestingly, the active formula of NORT biopyrenes consists of substances that are originally part of the tree, so they are not rejected and form the so-called "wood polymer" in the fibers, which is non-flammable and uninteresting for pests.

Pirilax-Lux and Pirilax-Classic are a ready-made combined product that will prevent fire for 16 years and prevent wood damage by insects, algae or fungi for up to 25 years. That is, having performed such a fire protection of wood or materials created on its basis (plywood, OSB, glued parts ...), it is no longer necessary to additionally treat the structures with an antiseptic.
The agent can provide a second or first group of fire retardant effectiveness (depending on the number of layers applied), preventing wooden structures from igniting or spreading flames. It can be used outside the building and inside, and processing can be done at a temperature of -30 degrees.

Entry-level fire protection NORT Pirilax-Prime kills mold, protects wood from rotting, destroys wood-boring beetles. The validity of the composition as an antiseptic is about seven years. Prime protects against fire for 5 years, so it is better to use it in open structures that can be re-treated. Moreover, it does not stain the tree, does not create a film, it combines perfectly with various paintwork materials. Pirilax-Prime showed itself very well in combination with the compositions of the Krasula family.

Separately, it is necessary to highlight the model "Pirilax®" -Terma from NORT. This protective complex was specially created for processing wood in steam rooms, where very high temperatures are observed during heating and people are present. Although it can be used in any other conditions, outdoors or inside a building. In a sauna or bath at 110 degrees or more, the composition does not emit substances harmful to humans, while it has a combined effect: an antiseptic and a fire retardant. Pirilax-Therma slightly stains the wood in light amber notes and is easily combined with the vast majority of decorative compositions that are used in steam rooms.

Biopyren "Ozone-007" is a relatively inexpensive impregnating composition, which is designed for interior work. Its main purpose is fire protection, which has been operating for 30 years. However, an antiseptic effect is also provided.

Biopyren "Ozone-007" is a relatively inexpensive impregnating composition, which is designed for interior work. Its main purpose is fire protection, which has been operating for 30 years. However, an antiseptic effect is also provided.

Ozone-007 is produced in the form of a concentrate paste or a ready-made solution. In any case, it is colorless, so if you want to control the quality of the application, then it can be tinted with a bright color (for example, red E129 - then possible gaps will become clearly visible).

Most often, this composition processes the details of the roofing system and wooden floors. Ozone-007 can be used at temperatures from -5 degrees and applied to wood with a moisture content of up to 25 percent or more.

Similar characteristics are shown by Mig-09 biopyrene, which is usually used for processing rafters and attic floors. The fire protection period it provides is 12 years. The Mig composition is a dry concentrated powder, it is safe for people, suitable for all types of buildings, including those operated in wet areas.

Note that it is best to buy protective and decorative compositions from the same manufacturer, for example, compositions of the Krasula series, in the complex for fire and bioprotection from the company NORT. This way the layers will be guaranteed to blend well with each other. By the way, many North finishing coatings themselves have a bactericidal effect, for example, “North Interior Varnish”, “North Interior Primer”, “Krasula for Baths and Saunas”, “Krasula for Ends”…

Some rules for the use of fire protection

• 1. No matter how trite it may sound, always study the manufacturer's recommendations and strictly follow them.
• 2. Select the type of composition, the method of its use, depending on the characteristics of the surfaces (humidity, rock, roughness ...) and the nature of the tasks (for example, prevention is needed or treatment).
• 3. Always take care of safety, both during application and when choosing materials.
• 4. Take the time to clean up. Do not try to work on dirty surfaces, or if they, for example, have some kind of film, dust, sawdust.
• 5. Try to work on a dry surface, it is very desirable - in dry weather.
• 6. Always observe the application temperature.
• 7. Choose the method of application that provides the least consumption. Usually the whole range of methods is available (roller, spray, brush, dipping).
• 8. Process structures and lumber without gaps.
• 9. For maximum protection, carefully and step by step combine only compatible formulations of different actions (flame retardant + bioprotection + decorative agent) to end up with a comprehensive long-lasting complex.
• 10. Do not buy protective materials in advance, everything has its expiration date even in sealed packaging.
• 11. Do not forget that there is no everlasting protection, so periodically renew the impregnation within the time specified by the manufacturer.
• 12. Choose only a proven supplier of lumber and fire protection, who cares about their reputation.