Make a boiler for heating with your own hands. Do-it-yourself solid fuel boiler for home heating. Do-it-yourself solid fuel boiler for long burning: video instruction and conclusions

Despite the fact that the modern market for boilers is growing more and more every year, home-made devices for autonomous heating are no less popular. It is difficult to make such a unit with your own hands, but it is quite realistic, and many manage to carry out their plans.

Advantages of a solid fuel system

Making home-made heating boilers for a private house involves making calculations, as well as obtaining some skills and knowledge. At the same time, the most important thing in such work is safety, since even factory products periodically cause an explosion or fire. Another problem that may accompany the creation of equipment is the interface of a home-made structure with a heating system.

Photo 1 Scheme of the heating system at home

The most affordable and safest boilers that you can build on your own are solid fuel units. They are characterized by the following advantages:

high efficiency;
full autonomy of the system;
simple operation;
environmental friendliness;
low costs.

Solid fuel boilers have the highest level of safety.

There are two types of boilers operating on solid raw materials:

traditional appliances,
pyrolysis.

The difference between them is that the combustion of fuel is carried out differently.

In traditional boilers, there is only one chamber, where the combustion of fuel takes place.

Pyrolysis units have two compartments, in the lower of which fuel is burned with the release of a large amount of gas, and in the upper one it is burned, resulting in more heat. When operating a pyrolysis boiler, it is required to use only dry wood, as well as comply with other requirements for the heat carrier.

The system of such units is simple and affordable. Such work is within the power of anyone, subject to certain conditions:

possession of basic skills of hot welding;
carrying out preliminary calculations and making a drawing;
preparation of all necessary materials.

Video 1 We make a heating boiler with our own hands

Video 2 We make a regular homemade wood-burning boiler

Video 3 New super modernization of the homemade boiler "Bubafonya"

Video 4 Homemade "unkillable" electric boiler

The main feature of home-made boilers for heating a private house, the video of which we can watch above, is that no special equipment is required to create them, and the structure can be built from improvised means:

sheets of metal, or a metal barrel with a wall thickness of at least 5 mm, while making sure that there are no holes;
radiators.
steel and profile pipes.
dampers.
fasteners.
door.

For the manufacture of boilers, use only new materials without marriage, holes, cracks and creases.

In addition, the boiler can be equipped with a circulation pump.

Drawings and instructions

The equipment should be assembled and installed exclusively according to the scheme, always in the order that was provided for by the drawing. At the same time, errors that lead to the complete inoperability of the product are completely excluded.

Traditional home-made boilers for heating a private house, the drawings of which can be made independently, are made in the form of 2 compartments, placed according to the “matryoshka” principle. The outer compartment will act as a chamber for fuel combustion, and the inner one will serve as a tank for heating the coolant. At the same time, these compartments should not communicate with each other so that combustion products do not fall into the water.

After assembling the base, a home-made boiler for heating a private house, the drawing of which makes it possible to do this quickly and correctly, is installed in a permanent place. Then the firebox is equipped with a chimney with dampers so that the smoke is expelled outside and heating is provided. In conclusion - giving the stove aesthetics using bricks or decorative elements.

Next, a home-made boiler is connected to the water circuit and the first inclusion of the structure is carried out, which is a test run. In case of successful testing, the product can be used for its intended purpose.

Homemade boilers are a good solution for heating a house at any time of the year, because they can become part of the interior, the pride of the master and a source of heat.

Quite often, heating boilers are used to heat private houses. Almost anyone can weld a heating boiler with their own hands, since these devices have a simple design. For the manufacture of the structure, you can use non-professional tools and materials that are available.

Some improvements can be made to the design of the boiler, which will be used for heating your own private house and cooking. Such changes can improve the efficiency of the device.

The design of the heating boiler

This equipment has a similar design with an ordinary stove. The differences are only in the way of heat transfer. The boiler consists of the following elements:

Capacity for combustion of solid fuel.
Grids for supplying air in the right amount.
Water tank or tubular heating registers.
Chimney. It is designed to create the necessary traction and removal of combustion products.
dampers. They are used to regulate the air draft and block the channels after the fire in the stove is extinguished.

The heating system must be supplied with a water heat accumulator. It is a container that is installed in the upper part of the boiler and accumulates heat energy during the combustion process. When this process stops, the liquid will circulate in the system and heat the air.

Additionally, you can install a stainless steel tank, which will contain hot water. It is mounted above the heat accumulator. This element of the heating system is optional.

The first step is to draw up an accurate drawing of the heating boiler. In order to rationally use the living space, it is recommended to order the development of an individual project of a similar design from specialists.

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Tools and materials that will be needed for the manufacture of a heating boiler

To weld heating boilers with your own hands, you will need to prepare the following elements:

Steel sheet with a minimum thickness of 5 mm.
Metal corner.
Cast iron grate.
Water pipes made of steel of various diameters.
Doors for bunkers.
Throttle valves.
Stainless steel sheet. It will be needed in order to make a heat accumulator.
Screened sand.

In the process of manufacturing a boiler for heating, welding will be required. The following tools should be prepared:

Figure 1. Scheme of a homemade boiler.

An inverter-type welding device or any other that can be used at home.
Bulgarian.
Forceps.
Pliers.
Electric drill.
A set of necessary drills.
Roulette.
Level.
Square.

The master must have the skills to carry out welding work.

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How to make parts of the boiler body correctly

The basis of any boiler is the furnace, in which the temperature can reach 900-1000°C. To assemble it, you will need materials that can withstand such temperatures. The sequence of actions for the manufacture of the case will be as follows:

If heat-resistant steel is not available, ordinary steel can be used. However, in this case, in order to ensure the durability of the structure, the walls of the node must be made double. The walls must be cut from a sheet of steel using a grinder.
From a steel pipe, it will be necessary to cut the required number of parts that will be used as stiffeners. From a metal corner, you need to make amplifiers for joints between all elements of the stove.
A rectangular hole should be made in the front wall, which corresponds in size to the doors of all bins. To make a through rectangular hole of the desired configuration, markings must be applied to the metal, and then drilling the sheet in the corners with an electric drill. Using an angle grinder, you need to make a through cut in the middle part, and then lead it from the central part to the extreme. In this way, damage to the sheet can be avoided.

In a high-quality boiler for heating, several water tanks should be provided. Tanks should be made of stainless steel. To weld the sheets, you will need to use a special device.

The design of the heat exchanger is a set of water pipes. Using a welding device, they should be connected so that a flow path with a large outer base is formed.

In this case, the fastest and most complete heat transfer from the combustible fuel to the heat carrier will be ensured.

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How to assemble the boiler with your own hands

The design of boilers for heating is characterized by high metal consumption. Such a device will end up having a lot of weight. Therefore, assembly is recommended to be carried out at the place of installation of heating equipment.

Under the boiler, it is imperative to make a base of heat-resistant bricks.

After that, it will be necessary to lay the bottom of the ash bin on it. Along the perimeter of this element, the walls of the structure should be installed vertically. After that, the walls are connected by welding.

A diagram of a homemade boiler is shown in fig. one.

Inside the manufactured housing, it will be necessary to lay the grate on the welded guides. After that, heat exchangers are mounted. From the outside, stiffeners must be welded to the hopper in a vertical position, which are made of a rectangular steel profile. At this stage, it remains only to mount the outer walls and the top plate.

Between the walls it will be necessary to fill in the prepared sifted sand, which will perform a dual function:

additionally accumulate heat;
protect the walls of the combustion chamber from possible overheating and accelerated burnout.

For backfilling, it is recommended to use washed sand, which does not contain dust and other foreign elements. Previously, the sand will need to be calcined on fire in order to exclude all organic matter. If you skip this stage, then during the heating of the heating boiler, not the most pleasant smell may appear.

Prepared stainless steel containers will need to be mounted on the top plate, and then connected to the appropriate circuits. After that, it remains only to install the doors in their places.

Gas boiler - unit for generating heat energy for space heating or heating water by burning gaseous fuel. Such a device can be made independently.

Even a minimal deviation from the prescribed norms leads to a complete ban on the use of home-made structures, therefore only a person with extensive experience should make a gas boiler on their own in the installation and maintenance of such installations.

Types of water gas boiler for heating a private house

The principle of operation of gas heating boilers is as follows: the heat generated by the combustion of gas is transferred to the liquid, which then moves through the heating system, heating the room. There are differences in the design of different types of gas boilers.

Wall

The main parts include:

Burner- a rectangular structure with holes arranged in a certain order through which gas is supplied from the nozzles from below.
The combustion chamber.
Heat exchanger - one or two. The scheme with two units involves the installation of a primary device in the form of copper pipes with lamellar fins above the burner. This allows you to transfer the heat of the gas flame directly to the coolant with maximum efficiency.
Secondary heat exchanger usually performed in the form of a set of thin metal plates, passing through which running water is heated from a hot coolant.
gas valve, controlled by the automation system, regulates the degree of fuel supply.
Heating supply and return pipelines.
membrane tank.
Electric block.
Fan helps to escape carbon dioxide from the unit through the chimney.
Circulation pump.
Automation system- a set of sensors that analyze the state of nodes and places of connection to the input and output routes, and an actuator that generates the necessary control signals.

Floor

Differs from wall mounting method, and also, since its weight is limited, manufacturers equip it with a cast-iron heat exchanger, which is better and more reliable.

Floor models - single-circuit units with an open combustion chamber, in which a minimum of various automation and control devices.

Burner.
The combustion chamber.
Heat exchanger.
Expansion tank- Excess liquid is drained into it.
Gas valve.
Electric block.
Fan.
lamellar heat exchanger.
Pump.
Automation system.

From a balloon

The basis of the design is a gas cylinder for 50 l(heats the room up to 70 sq. m). A piston with a lower nozzle is immersed in the cylinder.
The nozzle is a hollow tube through which combustion air enters.
A “pancake” of a slightly smaller diameter is welded at the bottom of the piston than a balloon. Arc-shaped blades welded to it create a vortex flow over the smoldering fuel.
Chimney pipe.
The upper part of the cylinder after installing the handles on it used as a cover.
The pump provides forced circulation.

Photo 1. Gas boiler made from a cylinder. The appliance is connected to a water heating circuit.

How to make a gas boiler with your own hands

The manufacture of a gas boiler consists of several stages.

Project selection, drawings

Having decided on the independent manufacture of a gas boiler, find a suitable project with drawings. They should be described in detail about heating boilers, connection, cooling, chimney, deflector and other nuances.

Attention! Before you start manufacturing, understand the drawings well and find photos of finished circuits. Any inaccuracy or change adversely affect future performance.

In the manufacture take into account heat loss in each room where heating is planned. Even in rooms with equal areas, heat transfer will be different.

Photo 2. Drawing of a wall-mounted gas boiler. The arrows indicate the components of the heater.

Calculations are being carried out with a margin of 10%, focusing on the actual size of the objects.

Reference. The easiest way to calculate: for every 10 sq. meters of area required 1 kW energy. Calorific value of gas — 6.55 kW.

The amount of energy consumed by the boiler per day is divided by its calorific value and so get the required volume of the boiler.

Thus, you need:

calculate the entire hydraulic system;
take into account the costs of the chimney, including the deflector;
determine in advance the diameter of the pipes;
set the desired pump power;
calculate the resistance of the system.

Photo 3. Drawing of a gas heating boiler. The dimensions of the device and its components are indicated.

materials

After choosing a project the master calculates the amount of materials to the heating boiler. It is impossible to replace the mentioned metal with another to reduce the cost of installation: it may turn out to be softer, and this will render the structure unusable.

Materials for work:

metal and gas pipes;
steel sheet;
doors for creating a firebox;
brick;
fittings;
clay;
moisture insulating material (tar);
cement;
galvanized sheet.

Important! Some components like thermostat or deflector, it is easier to purchase in a specialized store, rather than create it yourself.

What to look for when choosing purchased parts for gas boilers:

Thermostats are better to choose programmable to control and regulate the temperature of the boiler with their help. Domestic analogues are not inferior to foreign models in quality.

Photo 4. Programmable thermostat for a gas boiler. With it, you can set the right temperature.

The deflector is installed on top of the chimney and provides an extract. Suitable in the form of a cone-shaped stainless steel umbrella.
Automation includes: flame control module, overheating protection, draft controller, blast valve. For the stable operation of the unit, all of the listed devices are needed.

Tools:

welding machine;
soldering iron;
a set of screwdrivers and keys;
hammers;
pliers;
level;
corner;
roulette;
welding tool;
thermostat;
automation;
deflector.

Making the device, homemade heat exchanger

Stages of construction:

The easiest way to do it yourself is outdoor gas boiler, which is installed on the foundation. So first pull out hole about 80 cm deep. Sand is poured on its bottom, filled with water and allowed to soak. Then stones, broken bricks and gravel are laid out a little below ground level.

Collect formwork with a frame and pour concrete mortar, after a day it is removed. The place under the formwork is covered with gravel and sand and covered with a moisture-proof material.
Lay out a wall of brick and cement composition protecting the main wall from a heated gas boiler. The height and width of the brick wall 10 cm more than the dimensions of the boiler.
Sheets are cut according to the drawings, prepare corners, tubes, internal parts.
Parts are assembled into a single system. Before this step, watch a video showing the process. Incorrect arrangement of components leads to the inoperability of the structure. When performing welding work, one should not forget about safety: the master puts on protective gloves, a special mask and work clothes.
A heat exchanger is made from a steel tank and a copper tube. which heats up the water in the boiler. Two holes are made at the top and bottom of the tank, corresponding to the diameter of the tube. The tube is bent into a spiral and inserted into the tank. Fittings are installed on the ends of the tube coming out of the tank.
After assembly, the edges are cleaned and the unit is painted. The latter is done so that condensate does not appear during the cold season and the metal does not begin to rust.
After installing the boiler, a chimney is welded to it on the side- metal pipe at least 20 cm, through which carbon dioxide will leave the unit. Cut a hole in the roof and lift the pipe by 30-40 cm over the roof. The gaps between it and the roof are filled with mounting foam and mineral wool.
An uninterruptible power supply is connected to the boiler. The stabilizer is mounted nearby in a dry place where water will not get. It must not be overheated or frozen.

Connection to the heating system

The legislation establishes that before installing a gas boiler the owner must obtain permission for installation in Gorgaz.

On the direct and return heating pipelines, shut-off valves are purchased- "American" taps, allowing the boiler to be dismantled in case of an emergency.
To the coolant return pipeline install a mechanical water filter.
Install shut-off valves on the gas pipeline, to which the boiler will be connected, in the form of a gas valve and a gas filter.
Connect the gas pipeline supplying fuel. All joints and connections are sealed.
Connect the boiler to the water supply and hot water pipeline.

Difficulties in manufacturing, how to make the boiler more economical

The rules prohibit the supply of gas to the basements and basement floors of the building, therefore the owner must allocate a separate room in the house that meets the standards, otherwise the installation of the unit will not be approved by the services.

Trying to save on the automation of heating equipment leads to overheating of the heating system and even rupture of pipelines.

Overheating also occurs due to lack of circulation. In this case, check the pump, filter and overheating thermostat.

Wrong calculations the required power will lead to the fact that the heat received from the boiler will not be enough to heat the premises.

If the pressure does not rise when the boiler is heated, then system tightness may be compromised. and connections need to be tightened. and then add some pressure.

Problems can arise if, when drafting a project features of a particular object were not taken into account: power surges in the network, low fuel quality, insufficient gas pressure, proper ventilation is not organized or recommendations on the permissible distances from the boiler to other equipment and walls are not followed. When repairing, it will be necessary to modernize engineering work.

Useful video

Watch a video review of a homemade gas boiler from a car radiator.

Conclusion

The boiler is the most important part of an individual heating system. That's why its construction and installation are given increased attention. The owner of the house weighs in advance all the pros and cons of a homemade boiler.

In addition to buying heating equipment presented on the market by domestic or global manufacturers, there is always the opportunity to make a heating boiler with your own hands, the drawings of which can be freely found on the net. At the same time, you can save on a whole list of options that your heating system can do without. All that is needed for this is knowledge of the device and the principle of operation of the type of boiler you have chosen, materials, tools and practical skills with them.

The main types of heating boilers

If desired, you can make almost any type of heating boiler. The main thing here is to choose the right one, and for this you need to know the main advantages and disadvantages of the most common types of heating equipment. So, heating boilers are:

Gas. It is extremely undesirable to engage in the manufacture of this type of boilers on your own - such technical requirements are imposed on gas equipment that you are unlikely to be able to fulfill in artisanal conditions.
Electrical. The rather high popularity of boilers in this category is due to the simple design and relatively low requirements for safety during operation and installation.

Important! The main disadvantage of electric boilers is the high price of electricity. As a result, such equipment is usually used to provide periodic heating, for example, a garage or a summer house.

Liquid fuel. The design of such boilers is not very complicated. However, the subtleties and cost of the nozzles that supply fuel to the combustion chamber will make anyone think carefully before proceeding with the manufacture of a heating device that runs on diesel or fuel oil.
Solid fuel. Representatives of this type of heating equipment are optimally suited for both private houses and various objects of the industrial or commercial sector. Versatility in use and high efficiency provide such boilers with the highest demand on the market.

Important! According to the principle of operation, solid fuel boilers are divided into pyrolysis, wood, pellet and long burning. The most popular do-it-yourself boilers are long-burning boilers, while pellet and pyrolysis boilers are used much less frequently due to the high cost of individual elements.

What does the design depend on?

Some conditions may influence the design of the heating boiler:

Type of fuel.
Availability and cost of materials.
The method of circulation of the coolant.

Assembly materials:

Stainless heat-resistant steel shows the greatest durability. However, just it has the highest cost, and its processing is a rather difficult task, which cannot be dealt with without special equipment. The same can be said about cast iron, which, however, is much cheaper than stainless steel.

Important! Traditionally, for the manufacture of heating boilers, sheet steel with a thickness of 4 mm or more is used - this option is relatively easy to process and, most importantly, durable and quite reliable.

To ensure the natural circulation of the coolant, it is required to use heating circuits and connecting fittings of large diameter, and to place the storage tank at a height. When this is not possible, you will have to use a circulation pump - it will make it possible to reduce the diameter of the pipes. However, the pumping system of the heating boiler is volatile, which should be taken into account when choosing the design of the apparatus, as well as its functionality.

Important! The pipes that your boiler will be equipped with must have a diameter of at least 32 mm - a thick-walled steel pipe can be used for manufacturing. The heating circuit must be made of galvanized steel, not forgetting the sealing of the threaded connections.

Design features of solid fuel boilers

The cheapest option for making a do-it-yourself heating boiler is a wood-burning boiler. Structurally, such a device consists of two containers that are placed one inside the other. The inner one plays the role of a furnace, and the outer one - the function of a heating tank.

Important! The design of a wood-burning boiler is quite simple, and it can work not only with firewood, but also with some other types of solid fuel.

The design of the wood boiler includes the following:

Steel fire chamber (with a door).
Fireboxes.
Ash pan (with a door).
Chimney.
Soot collector.
Inlet and outlet pipes.
Gate valve.
Cast iron cover.
Legs.

Important! The main disadvantage of a wooden boiler is low efficiency, that is, too much fuel consumption or a constant lack of heat in the house.

Design features of pyrolysis boilers

Pyrolysis boilers are more expensive to manufacture, they have two combustion chambers - for pyrolysis gas and for fuel, and some of their elements are not cheap in themselves. Nevertheless, this equipment is in great demand due to its cost-effectiveness - it pays off in full in just 3-4 seasons.

The classic scheme of the pyrolysis type of boiler includes the following:

Combustion chamber with nozzle.
gasification chamber.
Chimney system.
Air supply system.
Water heat exchanger.
Loading chamber.
Pressure and temperature sensors.
Coolant circulation system.
Regulating valve

Design features of pellet boilers

Pellet boilers were invented at the end of the 20th century. They operate on compressed sawdust, and their main principle of operation is to transfer heat from the gas released from the combustion of the latter, which heats the coolant in the heat exchanger.

The design of the pellet boiler includes the following:

Frame.
Heat exchanger with water circuit.
Combustion chamber with air window and cleaning door.
Thermal insulation pad.
Smoke extractor.
Automation of control and monitoring.

Important! In pellet boilers, it is best to use cast iron heat exchangers: they have a higher heat transfer rate and are not subject to corrosion.

Making an electric boiler

Making a heating boiler with your own hands is a responsible task. The main element of an electric heater is a thermoelectric heater (TEN), which is necessary for converting electricity into heat.

Important! The body of such a unit can be made of any material, and the components that are needed for its operation - sensors, regulators, can be purchased at any specialized store.

The design of the electric boiler consists of the following elements:

Expansion tank.
Safety valve.
Circulation pump.
Filtration node.

The coolant in the system is able to circulate both naturally, for which it is necessary to provide for a height difference between the tank and the boiler radiators, and forced, using a pump. The easiest option for an electric boiler is to install a heating element in the heating system. If such a design is not suitable, then you can make an electric boiler with a removable pipe - this will allow you to quickly get to the heating element if replacement or repair is necessary.

The most optimal solution for heating, for example, a small cottage is a separately located small electric boiler. The pipe of such a unit will have a diameter of approximately 220 mm, and the body length will be no more than half a meter, which makes it possible to install it almost anywhere (of course, taking into account safety rules).

Important! The body of the electric boiler must be airtight. It is equipped with a hole for the heated coolant to enter the heating system and a pipe for supplying the already cooled water back.

Alternative options for self-construction

In addition to electric and solid fuel boilers, a number of other alternative heating appliances are also suitable for self-production, for example:

Induction - are transformers that consist of a primary and secondary winding. In a boiler of this type, electricity on the external winding is converted into eddy current, and the created magnetic field is transferred to the internal one, which transfers energy to the coolant.
Condensing - store the thermal energy of condensate, due to which they are considered more efficient than solid fuel and gas. Steam condensation in the heat exchanger takes place with a special design, which provides such boilers with an efficiency advantage of about 20% compared to traditional gas equipment.
Liquid fuel - evaporate mining, and then burn its vapors. The energy thus obtained is sent to a heat exchanger, which heats the heating agent of the heating system. Such equipment has two significant drawbacks: a large amount of emissions into the atmosphere and low efficiency.
Combined - universal equipment in use. But for its independent design, skill will be required, as well as excellent knowledge of the principles of operation of various types of heating equipment. Individual elements of such devices can be quite expensive, but in general, combined types of boilers can pay off in just 5-6 seasons.

Important! In the manufacture of a heating unit of any type, it is necessary to be guided by all the requirements of safety rules and applicable standards for the category of equipment you have chosen.

All self-made heating boilers are based on a general principle: the fuel, burning in it, heats the heat exchanger. He is the coolant, as which the vast majority of home craftsmen choose water.

The scheme of operation of such a boiler and its appearance directly depend on two main factors: what materials are available and what kind of fuel is the cheapest in your area.

The efficiency of a homemade boiler depends on:

The design of your heat exchanger - the larger the available area of direct thermal contact of the tank with the coolant and the furnace, the more heat the coolant receives per unit time.
The completeness of combustion of the fuel used - if, together with the resulting combustion products, pyrolysis gas flies into the pipe, after burning it, you can significantly increase the efficiency, and the oxygen supply to the place of combustion is insufficient - the design needs to be finalized.

This directly implies that it is necessary to achieve a minimum temperature of the combustion products. The lower it is, the higher the efficiency of the boiler.

The second advantage of the low temperature of the combustion products entering the chimney is the key to safe and durable operation of your boiler.

For reference: the best models of solid fuel boilers can have a specified indicator in the range from 120 to 150 degrees.

Almost all the variety of existing types of boilers, both factory-made and self-made, uses a single principle in their work, which was mentioned in the previous section.

It is implemented in two ways:

A do-it-yourself water heating boiler can be made according to the "samovar" method. The fuel burns inside a container filled with coolant. Most often, this scheme is implemented in the manufacture of a boiler for a Russian bath.
A home-made water heating boiler, made according to the second method, involves the passage of the coolant through the pipes of the heat exchanger (coil) through the furnace in which the fuel burns. As a variant of the same method, quite often the heat exchanger is placed immediately after the furnace at the place where the combustion products exit from it.

As a rule, preference is given to one or another option, taking into account the capabilities of the master in terms of acquiring the necessary materials.

But, in any case, we must not forget that the boiler for water heating is a device of increased danger and requires constant monitoring during operation.

Therefore, without fail, boilers for water heating at home must have in their design a valve to relieve excess pressure, a pressure gauge and a thermometer to determine the temperature of the coolant.

How to make a water heating boiler with your own hands?

The topic of “do-it-yourself water heating” is almost impossible to expand within the framework of a short review. Therefore, here are just a few recommendations. More detailed information can be found on our website and in other sources.

The most commonly used materials for the manufacture of boilers are sheet steel with a thickness of 4 - 5 mm. Heat-resistant stainless steel is, of course, better. But, having learned the price per sheet, the majority chooses the usual one.

When making a home-made water heating boiler, the master, as a rule, takes into account the existing or future method of circulation in the CO of the coolant.

If it moves by gravity (gravitational circulation), then it will be necessary to raise the water tank high enough, and use pipes of large diameters for wiring. And both on the supply and on the return.

This is due to the fact that the resistance to the movement of the coolant is inversely proportional to the diameter of the pipes. If the diameter is not large enough, then you will not be able to do without installing a circulation pump.

Home-made water heating boilers equipped with pumps have their advantages: pipes of smaller diameters are cheaper, the coolant tank can not be raised so high, and cons: if the power goes out during system operation, the boiler can simply break with superheated steam. You choose.

A few recommendations that are suitable for any type of boiler you choose: heating circuits and pipes installed on a heating boiler should preferably be made from pipes with a diameter of 32 mm or more (in inches it is 1 and ¼”).

In the event of an emergency stop of the circulation pump, a rapid and sharp increase in water temperature is observed with a simultaneous decrease in the speed of its movement.

In order to avoid failure of the heating circuit, if possible, it is better to make it from galvanized pipes, and seal the connecting threads using linen tow and red lead.

Variants and schemes of designs of heating boilers

A home-made boiler for water heating is usually divided according to the types of fuel used into the following main types:

wood boilers

Boilers of these types are most in demand for self-manufacturing due to the simplicity of their design, the availability of materials and tools necessary for the manufacture of such a boiler, and the possibility of freely acquiring the required amount of firewood.

Advantages: simplicity and versatility.
Disadvantages - rather low efficiency. The following scheme, in this regard, is much more preferable.

The simplest version of such a boiler: a thick-walled pipe of large diameter, into which a pipe of smaller diameter is inserted, which is a firebox. The space between the pipes is filled with coolant.

Wood-burning boilers are universal. They can be heated not only with firewood, but also with almost any solid fuel. (peat briquettes, coal).

Pyrolysis boilers

In the temperature range from 200 to 800 degrees, the wood, the combustion process of which takes place with a lack of oxygen, decomposes into wood coke and pyrolysis gas.

It is worth adding to the latter a sufficient amount of atmospheric air, as it ignites with the release of heat in large quantities. This increases the efficiency of boilers of this design up to 92%.

One bookmark of fuel (firewood) for a pyrolysis boiler can last for 12 hours, while for traditional boilers this figure does not exceed 4 hours.

There are practically no solid residues. Combustion of gases easily gives in to adjustment in the automatic mode.

The disadvantage that boilers for water heating of a house of this design have is stringent requirements for fuel moisture content, not more than 30%. Otherwise, in a mixture with water vapor, the pyrolysis gas will burn poorly.

Materials for the manufacture of a boiler of this design will cost significantly more. than the first option. But the entire cost overrun will fully pay off in 2-3 heating seasons.

Waste oil boilers

The boiler is ignited, put into operation and oil begins to drip onto a special hot pan, which evaporates almost instantly.

The resulting gases, burning, heat the coolant.
Instead of oil, you can use diesel fuel.

Electric boiler

The simplest design is a heating element inside a pipe standing vertically, to which a return is supplied from below, and a supply from above. And natural water circulation.

Cons: it is forbidden to connect boilers with a rated power of more than 7 kW to 220 V networks. And 380 volts is not available everywhere.

The second option for an electric boiler is an induction boiler. This is the simplest version of a home-made boiler of a similar design: a plastic thick-walled pipe, on which at least a hundred turns of enameled wire are wound, connected to a portable welding machine with an output current of 15A.

Elements heated by eddy currents (steel wire cuttings, chopped rod, etc.) are poured into the pipe. We connect the return line from below, the supply from above, we supply water and you can turn on the power.

Materials and tools for boiler installation

The main advantage of the decision to make a water heating boiler with your own hands is that this does not require special equipment, tools and parts.

It is quite easy to find improvised raw materials and materials, and any owner of his own house has almost all the tools (drill, wrenches, screwdrivers ...).

For work you will need:

sheet metal, or a large-diameter pipe (an option is a metal barrel, an old furnace, etc.);
steel pipes;
radiators (if the coolant is water), shaped pipes;
hardware (nuts, bolts, etc.);
dampers (you can buy, find a used one or make it yourself);
door.

It is advisable to install the necessary minimum of automation on the boiler (sensors for monitoring and measuring temperature, for example, or a pressure gauge).

The materials used must be of proper quality (no holes, no rust, etc.).

It's a good idea to put a pump for forced movement of the coolant.

The algorithm for installing a furnace with a water heating boiler is as follows:

Determine the location of the boiler. Then we make the markup and fill the foundation.

We prepare masonry mortar for bricks. For it, you will need sand and clay in a ratio of 2: 1 (approximately, it may vary depending on the fat content of the clay). We soak the clay overnight, in the morning using a mixer (nozzle on a drill) we mix the sand-clay solution.

We lay a sheet of roofing material or other waterproofing on the finished foundation. In size, it must be at least 10 cm larger than the dimensions of the boiler.
We fill it on top with a cement screed, which we level in level.

Using ordinary ordinary red brick (not silicate), we lay out the outer contour of the future furnace. You can also put a fight inside.

We bring the walls to the level of the blower door, put a metal sheet with a slope outward, so that it is more convenient to remove the ash.

We fix the door, lay out the contour of the blower.
We install the boiler (by level), the furnace door.
Lay out the chimney.