“Calendar plan for the technical inspection of structures of buildings and structures. Plans for current and major repairs Calendar plan for the repair of buildings and structures

(approved by the order of Gosgrazhdanstroy dated 18.04.85 N 109)

Edition dated 04/18/1985 - Valid

APPROVED
by order
Gosgrazhdanstroy
dated April 18, 1985 N 109

DEPARTMENTAL BUILDING REGULATIONS

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PROJECTS FOR THE ORGANIZATION AND PROJECTS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF WORKS FOR THE CAPITAL REPAIR OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

VSN 41-85 (R)

These Instructions apply to the development of projects for the organization of major repairs of residential buildings (hereinafter referred to as "projects for the organization of major repairs") and projects for the production of repair and construction work for the major repairs of residential buildings (hereinafter referred to as "projects for the production of works").

The instruction establishes requirements for the composition, content, procedure for the development, coordination and approval of projects for the organization of overhaul and projects for the production of work.

The requirements of the Instruction are mandatory for all organizations and enterprises, regardless of their departmental subordination, that carry out the design and production of major repairs of the state and public housing stock, as well as the fund of housing construction cooperatives.

1. General Provisions

1.1. Projects for the organization of major repairs should be developed in order to increase the efficiency and quality of repairs through the rational organization of repair and construction work, ensuring their timely implementation with the lowest cost of labor and other types of resources, as well as putting into operation completed major repairs of facilities on time.

1.2. Projects for the organization of major repairs should serve as the basis for resolving issues of organizational and technical preparation and implementation of repairs, distributing the costs of repairs and repair and construction work (commodity construction products) by calendar periods (quarters, months), taking into account the requirements for the duration of repairs and ensuring a reserve and should be taken into account when justifying the estimated cost of repairs.

1.3. Projects for the production of works should be developed in order to ensure the optimal organization of repair and construction production through the use of the most effective methods for performing repair and construction work, which help to reduce their cost and labor intensity, reduce the duration of repairs and the timing of the production of certain types of work, increase the degree of use of construction machinery and equipment , improving the quality of work, as well as ensuring safe working conditions and preserving the natural environment.

1.4. The implementation of a major overhaul without an approved project for the organization of a major overhaul and a project for the production of works is prohibited.

1.5. For the overhaul of buildings with particularly complex design solutions and conditions for the production of work performed using special auxiliary devices and devices, design organizations that design the facility must develop working drawings of these devices, devices and installations. These include, in particular:

devices for fixing soils by methods of cementation, claying, silicification and thermal fixing;

structures of scaffolding erected for dismantling vaults, pipes, etc.;

sheet piling of pits and trenches torn off near the foundations of existing buildings;

structures of transfer platforms arranged on the building being repaired;

devices for draining walls by charging compensation;

devices for hanging the structure when laying load-bearing walls and making mounting openings - to protect adjacent buildings;

devices that ensure the stability of free-standing walls;

equipment and special devices for laying underground pipelines by the method of soil punching.

1.6. The composition of design estimates for major repairs should include drawings of complex non-standard temporary structures and networks (water supply, heat supply, sewerage, power supply, temporary supports of the contact and lighting networks, etc.).

The development of working drawings of other non-standard temporary buildings, structures, production equipment should be carried out by the developer of the project for the production of works.

1.8. The choice of options for projects for the organization of major repairs and projects for the production of works, as well as individual solutions in their composition, if necessary, should be made on the basis of calculations of comparative efficiency.

1.9. Registration of design materials for the organization of major repairs and the production of works must comply with the requirements of the design documentation system for construction (SPDS).

2. Project for the organization of a major overhaul

2.1. The project for the organization of a major overhaul should be an integral part of the approved design and estimate documentation for a major overhaul, and it should be developed in parallel with other sections of the design and estimate documentation in order to link space-planning, design and technological solutions with the conditions and methods for repairing facilities.

2.2. The project for the organization of a major overhaul should be developed by a design organization that performs the construction design of the repair. When developing individual sections of design and estimate documentation by subcontracting design organizations, these organizations, if necessary, must develop appropriate solutions for their inclusion in the overhaul organization project.

The project for the organization of a major overhaul or its individual solutions may be developed by specialized design or design and technological organizations ("Orgtekhstroy", "Orgtekhremstroy", etc.) at the expense of funds for design and survey work transferred to these organizations.

2.3. Major overhaul projects should be developed taking into account:

application of progressive forms and methods of organization, planning and management of capital repairs;

priority execution of works of the preparatory period;

limiting the volume of construction of temporary buildings and structures through the use of existing buildings for the needs of repair (including those subject to demolition), as well as the use of inventory buildings, structures and mechanized installations;

creating the necessary conditions for the preservation and processing of products, equipment and materials subject to reuse under the project;

ensuring safe working conditions, compliance with the rules of industrial sanitation and fire safety, as well as ensuring the safety of citizens in the area adjacent to the repair facility and the construction site;

implementation of measures to protect the environment.

When developing projects for the organization of major repairs, local climatic and other (special) conditions, cramped construction sites and other features of repair facilities should also be taken into account.

2.4. The project for the organization of a major overhaul must be agreed by the customer of the project with the general contractor with the participation of subcontractors and, if necessary, with special supervisory authorities.

2.5. The starting materials for the development of a project for the organization of a major overhaul should be:

engineering survey materials for the overhaul object (technical survey);

materials of schemes (projects) of regional planning, master plans of cities and settlements;

breakdown of the repaired object into queues (complexes);

information on the conditions for providing the object of repair with working personnel and on the possibility of using existing premises and buildings for the period of repair;

data on the availability of the production and technical base of contractors, the possibilities and conditions for its use;

information on the presence of inventory mobile or collapsible production and amenity premises at contractors;

data on the planned and actual average annual (average monthly) production of construction machines, means of transport, workers of contracting organizations at similar facilities;

data on the possibility and timing of the release of residential buildings from residents and tenants (during repairs with the resettlement of residents).

The specified source materials must be provided by the customer and the general contractor to the design organization developing the project for the organization of the overhaul, within the time frame that ensures its timely development.

2.6. The composition and content of capital repairs organization projects should be determined taking into account its complexity, depending on space-planning and design solutions, the degree of their unification, the need to use special auxiliary structures, fixtures and installations, the variety of construction processes and the need to perform special types of work, as well as conditions supply of materials and products to the facility.

The degree of complexity of a major overhaul should be established before the development of a project for its organization by an authority that approves the design assignment.

2.7. The project for the organization of a major overhaul should be developed for the amount of repairs provided for by the project. When carrying out a major overhaul in separate stages, a project for organizing a major overhaul for the first and subsequent stages should be developed taking into account the full scope of the repair.

2.8. The overhaul project should include:

a) the calendar plan for the overhaul (recommended appendix 1, form 1), which should determine the timing of the repair, shows the distribution of repair costs and the volume of repair and construction work by time (including the work of the preparatory period), and when the repair is broken down into queues (complexes) - the timing of these queues or complexes;

b) a construction master plan with the location of existing and demolished buildings, operated buildings, structures and engineering networks that are not subject to repair, dismantled and shifted engineering communications; permanent and temporary passages for transportation of materials, structures and products; ways of movement of cranes of big loading capacity; engineering networks; sources of providing the construction site with electricity, water, heat and places for connecting temporary engineering networks to existing networks; places of adjunction of new networks to existing ones; storage areas, main assembly cranes and other construction machines and their areas of operation; mechanized installations; temporary fencing; safe passage of builders and persons living or working in adjacent buildings or in a building being repaired without evacuating residents and tenants.

If necessary, the construction master plan should show the dimensions of arched passages on the ways of transporting goods, the height of buildings adjacent to the repair object, the location of guy wires for lighting and contact networks, lighting columns, special poles, overhead communication lines, power transmission, antenna structures, advertising devices , green spaces, as well as kiosks, stalls, telephone booths, etc. to be transferred (due to repair). If the on-site territory is insufficient to accommodate storage areas, reserve (intermediate) storage areas outside the on-site territory should be provided.

If organizational and technical solutions cover the territory outside the on-site site, then in addition to the construction master plan, the project should also include a situational plan with the location of access roads, intermediate storage sites, temporary power lines, indicating traffic diversion schemes and the transfer of technical means of traffic control etc.;

c) a statement of the volumes of the main repair and construction, installation and special works (recommended appendix 1, form 2), determined by the design and estimate documentation, with the allocation of the volume of work of the preparatory period and, if necessary, by queues (complexes);

d) a statement of the need for the main building structures, parts, materials and equipment (recommended appendix 1, form 3), compiled for the facility as a whole, including the work of the preparatory period, and, if necessary, for separate queues (complexes), based on the scope of work and current norms for the consumption of building materials;

e) a schedule of the need for the main construction machines and vehicles for the repair facility as a whole, compiled on the basis of the physical volume of work, the volume of freight traffic and the norms for the production of construction machines and means of transport;

f) a schedule of the need for workers by category, drawn up in accordance with the volume of repair and construction work for the main organizations participating in the overhaul, and the planned production rates per worker of these organizations;

g) an explanatory note containing:

substantiation of production methods and possible combination of repair and construction, installation and special works, including those performed in winter conditions;

solutions for the implementation of technically complex processes for the replacement and strengthening of structures of buildings under repair;

measures to ensure the stability of the walls and the spatial rigidity of buildings during the continuous replacement of floors;

labor protection measures;

measures to ensure the safety of residents and tenants in buildings being repaired without resettlement and buildings located on a construction site or adjacent to it, as well as the safe movement of pedestrians and vehicles on adjacent highways;

conditions for the preservation of the natural environment;

substantiation of the need for construction machines, vehicles, power plants, warehouses and storage areas, energy resources, temporary buildings and structures, amenity premises;

a list of auxiliary structures, devices, devices and installations, as well as complex temporary structures and devices, the working drawings of which must be developed by design organizations as part of the working drawings for the overhaul of the facility;

substantiation of the need for workers;

the list and volumes of work performed in cramped conditions, work on reloading materials and structures, which are subject to rising costs;

measures that ensure the highly productive work of builders without violating the normal living conditions of residents in renovated buildings (during major repairs without resettling residents);

justification of the accepted duration of the overhaul.

In the project for the organization of a major overhaul, it is necessary to provide the following technical and economic indicators:

full estimated cost of capital repairs, including repair and construction works, thousand rubles;

standard duration of overhaul, months. or business days

maximum number of employees, people;

labor costs for repair and construction works, man-days

2.10. During the overhaul of residential buildings without the resettlement of residents, it is necessary to establish the sequence and procedure for the combined performance of repair and construction work, indicating the premises in which the mains are turned off for the duration of the work, the passage of residents and (or) tenants is prohibited.

2.11. When performing a major overhaul of facilities in harsh natural conditions, in addition to the requirements set forth in paragraph 2.3, in projects or in the main provisions for organizing a major overhaul, the possibility of influencing the preparation, organization and implementation of a major overhaul of the physical, geographical and economic factors specified in SN 47-74 for the Northern building-climatic zone, for mountainous and high-mountain regions, as well as for desert and semi-desert regions and regions with a hot climate.

2.12. If, by the beginning of the overhaul, the solutions of the project of its organization are outdated, as well as in the case of the use of more advanced construction machines, equipment and progressive technology of repair and construction work, it must be processed or adjusted as part of the approved design and estimate documentation in the prescribed manner.

3. Project for the production of repair and construction works

3.1. The project for the production of works should be developed on the basis of an assignment issued (approved) by the customer of this project and including initial data on the scope and timing of the development of the project.

When determining the composition and content of projects for the production of works, one should take into account the features of their implementation depending on the type of overhaul, the need to perform special work to strengthen, fasten and replace structures, the variety and conditions of construction processes.

3.2. The project for the production of works should be developed by the general contractor. If it is necessary to develop more detailed design issues for the production of special works performed by specialized subcontractors, these organizations should develop projects for the production of special types of work in the development of the relevant sections of the project for the production of works by the general contractor.

For complex objects, on the order of contractors, projects for the production of work can be developed by specialized design or design and technological organizations (Orgtekhstroy, Orgtekhremstroy, etc.).

The development of projects for the production of works should be carried out at the expense of the overhead costs of the contractor.

3.3. Projects for the production of works should be developed taking into account progressive methods and ways of organizing repair and construction production, including providing for:

the use of industrial structures, factory-made parts and assemblies, construction semi-finished products;

all-round reduction of manual labor through the mechanization of repair and construction work;

the use of efficient technological processes that ensure the reduction of labor costs and the required level of work quality;

maximum use of inventory technological and organizational equipment, a rational tool;

the use of network models, dispatching, electronic computers for the management of repair and construction production;

application of complete deliveries of materials and products for a section, floor, apartment, etc.;

the use of advanced brigade forms of labor organization;

widespread distribution of brigade contracting on the basis of cost accounting;

features of various types of repairs, natural and climatic, as well as other special conditions;

implementation before the start of the overhaul of a full range of measures for the preparation of production;

organization of the construction flow at repair facilities with the combination of related technological processes in time and the uniform use of production resources and production capacities of contracting units;

compliance with the rules of labor protection, as well as explosive and fire safety;

implementation of measures to protect the environment.

3.4. The starting materials for the development of a project for the production of works should be:

project for the organization of a major overhaul (basic provisions for the organization of a major overhaul);

materials specified in clause 2.5 of this Instruction, if necessary, with their clarification;

approved design and estimate documentation;

planned dates for the start and completion of major repairs;

the scope of work under the general contract and on its own;

the volume of commercial construction products;

information on the possibility of attracting mechanization funds from the outside (in the order of rent, services or subcontracting);

information about the numerical and professional qualification composition of the brigades and units available in the repair and construction organization, their technical equipment and the possibility of their use;

information on the availability of technological and organizational equipment in the repair and construction organization.

3.5. The composition of the project for the production of works should include:

a) a calendar plan for the production of work on the facility (recommended appendix 2, form 1) or a network schedule that establishes the sequence and timing of work with the maximum possible combination of repair, construction, installation and special work in time, determines the need for labor resources, as well as the stages and work packages assigned to the brigades (with the allocation of those working according to the team contract method), the quantitative, professional and qualification composition of the brigades is determined;

b) a construction master plan with the location of repair facilities, buildings, structures, areas of the territory bordering the construction site, on-site permanent and temporary transport routes, pedestrian roads and crossings, water supply networks, sewerage, electricity supply, heat supply (if necessary), lifting and transport means, mechanized installations, warehouses, temporary buildings, structures and devices used for repair needs, as well as premises for consumer services for builders, hazardous zones and zones of prohibition of the work of cranes, safe passageways through the construction site and the territory adjacent to it. If necessary, a construction master plan should be developed for various stages of overhaul (dismantling and installation works, installation of engineering networks, finishing works, etc.).

On subsiding soils, water points, temporary structures and mechanized installations using wet processes should be located on the construction site from the lower side of the terrain from the repaired or existing buildings and structures. The area around water points, structures and installations must be planned, rolled and covered with waterproof clothing with organized water drainage;

c) the schedule for the receipt of building structures, parts, materials and equipment at the facility (recommended appendix 2, form 2), and in the case of procurement forms of logistics - documentation for the technological configuration.

Schedules for the receipt of building structures, parts, materials and equipment at the facility should contain data on the receipt of these material and technical resources both for the facility as a whole and for each contract team;

d) schedule for the need for workers for the facility (recommended appendix 2, form 3);

e) a schedule for the need for basic construction machines for the facility (recommended appendix 2, form 4).

Schedules for the need for the main construction machines for the facility should be developed taking into account the timely completion of each complex and specialized team of the work assigned to it;

f) flow charts (flow charts) for the performance of certain types of work with a description of the sequence and methods of work, indicating labor costs and the need for materials, equipment, devices and protective equipment.

The composition of flow charts (schemes) should include schemes for operational quality control of repair and construction works;

g) safety decisions requiring design development;

h) measures for the performance of work by the team contract method, drawn up on the basis of the data available in the working drawings, agreed with subcontractors and including work schedules of self-supporting teams of general contractors and subcontractors, costing of labor, wages, material and other resources, composition of technological sets of technical equipment for brigades;

i) solutions for the installation of temporary networks (water supply, power supply, etc.) and lighting of the construction site and workplaces with the development, if necessary, of working drawings for connecting networks to the facility from power sources;

j) an explanatory note containing:

justification of decisions on the production of repair and construction work, including those performed in winter;

the need for energy resources;

a list of temporary buildings and structures with a calculation of the need and justification of the conditions for linking them to the sections of the construction site;

substantiation of decisions on the applied forms of labor organization;

measures aimed at ensuring the safety and exclusion of theft of materials, parts, structures and equipment;

measures for the reuse of materials and products from the dismantling of structures and dismantling of engineering equipment;

measures to control the quality of repair and construction works;

list of acts for hidden work;

measures for the protection of the environment;

technical and economic indicators;

the volume of repair and construction works (commodity construction products) in thousand rubles. with distribution by performers, as well as by quarters and months;

the duration of the repair in working days;

labor indicators are general, with distribution by performers, as well as by quarters and months (labor intensity of work in man-days, output in rubles-kopecks per one average worker), specific indicators of labor intensity of work;

the level of mechanization of the main works.

3.6. The project for the overhaul of technically simple facilities (according to clause 2.9) should consist of a calendar plan (according to clause 3.5a), a construction master plan, safety measures, a schedule for the receipt of building structures, parts, materials and equipment at the facility ( recommended appendix 2, form 2), a list of production equipment, inventory and fixtures, a brief explanatory note with the necessary justifications and technical and economic indicators.

3.7. The project for the production of works is approved by the chief engineer of the general contractor, and the sections of the project for installation and special work - by the chief engineers of the relevant subcontractors in agreement with the general contractor.

The project for the production of work on the overhaul of a residential building being repaired without the resettlement of residents must be agreed with the head of the operating organization.

The approved project for the production of works must be transferred to the production site two months before the start of work.

4. Additional requirements for the development of projects for the organization of major repairs and projects for the production of work in the implementation of major repairs by the group method

4.1. When capital repairs are carried out by a group method, when repair work covers buildings within the boundaries of entire blocks or their parts and a single construction site is organized for a group of buildings being repaired at the same time, a general construction master plan should be developed in the work production project, including:

a rational scheme for organizing access roads;

placement of warehouse space, temporary buildings and structures designed to serve the entire group of facilities.

General safety measures should also be developed, due to the simultaneous operation of cranes, the demolition of buildings and their parts, the dismantling of structures on a large front of work, as well as a consolidated enlarged work schedule in a quarter (microdistrict).

A consolidated integrated schedule should be developed indicating the sequence of inclusion in the flow of individual objects and the timing of commissioning of objects or their queues (complexes).

4.2. For individual objects as part of the ongoing group repair, projects for the production of work should be developed in accordance with the instructions of Sec. 3 of this manual.

Form 3

STATEMENT OF REQUIREMENTS FOR MAIN BUILDING STRUCTURES, PARTS, MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT

Repair of a building - a complex of construction works and organizational and technical measures to eliminate its physical and moral deterioration, not related to a change in the main technical and economic indicators of the building.

It is necessary to restore the operability of building elements in the case when their operation is no longer possible, or in advance, without waiting for the failure of the structures.

In the first case, the repair is forced and is called repair on demand. In the second case, the repair provides, along with structural elements. This type of repair is called planned. It has various organizational forms, among which the system of preventive maintenance is the most common. It is a set of organizational and technical measures for supervision, maintenance and all types of repairs, carried out periodically according to a pre-planned plan in order to prevent premature wear and tear, prevent accidents, and also to maintain buildings in a state of constant operational reliability.

The system of planned preventive repairs of the Criminal Code includes:

Scheduled preventive overhaul (complex);

Scheduled preventive maintenance;

Emergency (unforeseen) current repairs performed by emergency and dispatch services;

Inspection, adjustment and adjustment of structures, sanitary systems and engineering devices of the building (inspections).

The purpose of scheduled repairs is to prevent element failures during the entire service life.

Overhaul includes troubleshooting of all worn-out elements, restoration or replacement (except for the complete replacement of stone and concrete foundations, load-bearing walls and frames) for more durable and economical, improving the performance of buildings under repair.

In the process of overhaul, the performance characteristics of the structures of sanitary systems and engineering devices of the building are restored. The condition for appointing a building for a planned overhaul is not the presence of malfunctions in the house, but the service life of the elements to be repaired.

The frequency of repairs is determined by the durability of structures that have the shortest service life. In accordance with the current regulatory documents, the frequency is set at 6 ... 12 years.

In the process of operation, the occurrence of failures of elements and in the overhaul periods is possible. The operational properties of such elements are restored by selective overhaul.

Capital repairs of residential buildings are financed from depreciation deductions, and public and industrial buildings - from budgetary appropriations.

Current repairs are carried out at regular intervals, ensuring the effective operation of the building from the moment of completion of its construction until the moment of delivery for the next overhaul. At the same time, natural and climatic conditions, design solutions, technical condition and mode of operation of the building are taken into account.

Current repairs should be carried out according to five-year and annual plans. Annual plans are drawn up in refinement of five-year plans, taking into account the results of inspections, the developed cost estimate and technical documentation for current repairs, and measures to prepare buildings for operation in seasonal conditions.

Current repair provides for timely and systematic work to prevent premature wear of parts of the building and engineering equipment, as well as work to eliminate minor damage and malfunctions. It is usually carried out by operating organizations or special organizations on a contractual basis.

Current repairs include:

Maintenance of building elements, adjustment and adjustment of equipment;

Performing unforeseen repairs, consisting in the elimination of sudden malfunctions discovered during the examination or at the request of residents, within the time limits stipulated by the rules and regulations;

Carrying out scheduled repairs planned in advance, based on the requirements of the regulation on scheduled preventive repairs and taking into account the technical condition of the elements.

The main one is the current scheduled preventive maintenance. It also includes annual work to prepare houses for seasonal operating conditions and adjust (inspect) engineering equipment. Usually, up to 80% of the funds allocated for current repairs are provided for the performance of work on current scheduled preventive maintenance.

The frequency of current repairs depends on the degree of wear and tear of buildings of various sizes. In residential buildings with wear of more than 60%, scheduled preventive maintenance is usually carried out annually.

Elements of a residential building and external amenities, the minimum duration of operation of which from the moment of commissioning after new construction, the last current or major repair is equal to or exceeds the duration established by VSN 58--88, must be repaired with the restoration of their performance or replaced. The share of replaced elements of residential buildings in the process of current repair should not exceed the Level:

Roof coverings -- 50%;

Floor coverings - 20%;

Other structures and engineering equipment - 15% of their total volume in a residential building. Elements of the building and external improvement, the service life of which is commensurate with the frequency of the current repair, can be completely replaced.

The preventive maintenance system allows you to clearly plan work and take timely measures to improve the performance of the building. Its effectiveness depends on the organizational structure of the repair and maintenance services, the availability of material and labor resources, the level of theoretical development of the system's position, which is what Management Company LLC has.

The reliability of buildings during their operation, as the condition of individual elements, components or the building as a whole deteriorates, can be ensured through preventive repairs. The main task of such prevention is the prevention of failures.

The system of scheduled preventive repairs consists of periodic repairs, the volume of which depends on the service life of the structures, as well as the materials from which they are made.

Repair is appointed depending on the period of operation, and the amount of repair work is determined by the technical condition. In turn, the life of the building depends on its capital group.

When determining the capitalization group of construction objects, it turns out whether they have an inextricably linked foundation, main and enclosing structures, and whether the connection of the main engineering communications has been completed. To classify buildings according to their capital value, it is necessary to represent a construction site as a structure that, if dismantled, will suffer disproportionate damage. The classification of buildings by capital group is presented in the form of table 6.1. Using this table, you can determine the capitalization group of the projected object: “Multi-storey residential buildings with built-in and attached premises on the street. Krasnaya, 176 in Krasnozhar.

Table 6.1 - Classification of buildings by capital group

The designed object belongs to the 1st capital group, from which it follows that at the initial stage of the life cycle of the object, Management Company LLC is obliged to carry out current repairs of the building at intervals of no more than 5 years, capital - 25 years.

The accumulated static data make it possible to determine the parameters of the distribution density of the time of failures and the timing of assignment of structures for repair for various structures and schemes of buildings, materials, service life.

The maintenance of the building, carried out by the management company, includes a set of works to maintain the elements in good condition, the specified parameters and operating modes of its structures and technical devices, as well as the examination, adjustment and adjustment of structures, sanitary systems and engineering devices of the building (inspections).

The purpose of inspections is to establish the possible causes of defects and develop measures to eliminate them. During inspections, the use and maintenance of the premises is also monitored.

Scheduled inspections of residential buildings, which are carried out by the Criminal Code:

General, during which the building is inspected as a whole, including structures, engineering equipment and external landscaping;

Partial - inspections that involve the inspection of individual elements of a building or premises.

General inspections should be carried out twice a year: in spring and autumn (before the start of the heating season).

Defects discovered during inspections, deformations of structures or equipment of buildings, which can lead to a decrease in the bearing capacity and stability of structures or buildings, collapse or disruption of the normal operation of equipment, must be eliminated.

Management Company LLC, on the basis of inspection and survey reports, is obliged within a month to:

Draw up a list (based on the results of the spring inspection) of measures and establish the scope of work necessary to prepare the building and its engineering equipment for operation in the next winter period;

Clarify the scope of work on current repairs (based on the results of the spring inspection for the current year and the autumn inspection for the next year), as well as determine the malfunctions and damage, the elimination of which requires major repairs;

Check the readiness (based on the results of the autumn inspection) of each building for operation in winter conditions;

The frequency of inspections of elements and premises of buildings is given in Table 6.3:

Table 6.3 - Frequency of inspections of building elements

Application

Operation of buildings and structures, scheduled preventive maintenance
buildings and structures

Acts of investigation of the causes of accidents in buildings or structures.

The technical passport must be accompanied by:

Copies of working drawings or dimensional drawings of plans, sections, facades of buildings or structures with deviations from the project (if any) included in them;

· a list of requirements stipulated by the project or examination to ensure the normal operation of the building or structure.

System of preventive maintenance of buildings and structures is a set of organizational and technical measures for supervision, care and all types of repairs carried out in a planned manner.

All buildings and structures are subject to periodic technical inspections. Inspections can be general and partial.

During a general inspection, the entire building or structure as a whole is examined, including all structures of the building or structure, including engineering systems, various types of finishes and all elements of external improvement or the entire complex of buildings and structures.

During a partial inspection, individual buildings or structures of the complex, or individual structures, or types of equipment, engineering systems are examined.

Regular general technical inspections of the building are carried out 2 times a year - in spring and autumn.

spring inspection carried out after the snow melts. This inspection should be aimed at surveying the condition of the building or structure. During the spring inspection, the scope of work for the current repair of a building or structure carried out in the summer period is specified, and the scope of work for major repairs is identified to be included in the next year's plan.

autumn inspection It is carried out in order to check the preparation of a building or structure for winter. By this time, the entire scope of work on summer current repairs should be completed.

In addition to regular inspections, there may be extraordinary inspections buildings and structures after natural disasters (fires, hurricane winds, heavy rains or snowfalls, after fluctuations in the earth's surface, etc.) or accidents.

Results of all types of examinations are drawn up in acts in which the detected defects are noted, as well as the necessary measures to eliminate them, indicating the timing of the work.

Based on the data of technical inspections of buildings and structures, individual structures and types of engineering equipment, annual repair plans are drawn up, which are approved by the head of the institution.

Repair work divided into two types: current and capital. The classification of repairs is determined according to the following criteria: with a repair interval of up to 1 year - current repairs, with a repair interval of more than 1 year - a major overhaul.

For ongoing repairs buildings and structures include work on the systematic and timely protection of parts of the building, structure and engineering systems from premature wear by taking preventive measures and eliminating minor damage and malfunctions.

For overhaul buildings and structures include such works in the course of which the worn-out structures and parts of the building and structure are replaced or replaced with more durable and economical ones that improve the operational capabilities of the reconstructed objects. The overhaul of buildings and structures can be complex, covering the repair of a building or structure as a whole, and selective, consisting of the repair of individual structures of a building, structure or a separate type of engineering equipment.

Technical and economic information about buildings and structures that may be required on a daily basis during their operation should be concentrated in the technical passport and in the technical operation log.

Technical certificate is compiled for each building and structure accepted for operation. The technical passport is the main document for the object, containing its constructive and technical and economic characteristics.

To account for maintenance and current repairs of the relevant building or structure, a technical operation log should be kept, in which records are made of all maintenance and current repairs performed, indicating the type of work and the place of their implementation. The log of technical operation of a building and structure is the main document characterizing the state of operated facilities.

Acceptance of buildings and structures commissioning after the completion of the overhaul is carried out by the commission with the drawing up of acts, and the acceptance of the work performed on the current repair is carried out by the head of the institution and is formalized by an act or an entry in the maintenance log of the building or structure.

Investigation of the causes of accidents with buildings and structures.

An accident is understood as a collapse, damage to a building, structure as a whole, its parts or a separate structural element, as well as exceeding the maximum allowable deformations that threaten the safe conduct of work and entail the suspension of operation (construction) of the facility or its part.

Depending on the scale and degree of consequences of an accident, buildings and structures are divided into accidents of the first category and accidents of the second category.

To the accident of the first category include the collapse of buildings and structures or their parts (destruction of ground building structures, underground transport and hydraulic structures, breakthroughs of dams, dams, reservoirs, etc.), which:

caused a disruption in the functioning of other sectors of the economy;

caused the death of two or more people;

led to the number of victims of more than 15 people.

To an accident of the second category include collapse or damage to buildings and structures, their parts or individual structural elements that threaten the safe conduct of work and do not fall into the category of accidents of the first category.

The head of the organization in which an accident of the first category has occurred must immediately transmit messages:

· to the territorial executive authority and to the relevant executive authority of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation;

to a higher authority according to departmental affiliation;

· to the prosecutor's office at the place where the accident occurred.

The head of the organization in which the accident of the second category occurred, transmits messages:

· to the territorial executive authority of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation and to the relevant executive authority of the city and district;

· to a higher authority according to departmental affiliation.

Organization of investigation of the causes of accidents with industrial buildings and structures.

relevant executive authorities of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation.

· ministries and departments of the Russian Federation on objects under construction and operation, subordinated to them;

· relevant executive authorities of cities and regions ("Regulations on the procedure for investigating the causes of accidents in buildings and structures ...").

Act the technical commission to investigate the causes of the accident is subject to approval within 2 days by the body that appointed the commission.

The approved act is sent within 5 days:

to the territorial executive authority;

to a higher authority;

· to the appropriate territorial body of Rostekhnadzor;

· in addition, for accidents of the first category - to the prosecutor's office at the place where the accident occurred.

The calendar plan for the reconstruction of the building is the main document of the project for the production of works, which reflects the development of the process in time and space and covers the entire range of works, from preparatory work to the delivery of the repaired facility to the acceptance committee.

There are the following main tasks that must be solved when drawing up a calendar plan:

Completion of the reconstruction of the building within the normative or directive period;

Continuous and uniform use of human and material and technical resources;

Maximum combination of work.

The scheduling should reflect:

The duration of certain types of work and cycles for private fronts of work;

Calendar chart in time scale;

Diagram of the movement of workers;

Schedules of receipt and consumption of materials;

Calculation of technical and economic indicators of the calendar plan.

To build a duration matrix under each type of work, the labor input matrices indicate the strength of the teams N. By dividing the labor input of each type of work on each private front by the corresponding numerical strength of the team N, we obtain the duration t for each type of work on the private front (Table 9.2).

When starting to draw up a calendar plan for repair and construction work, it is necessary first of all to establish a rational sequence for their implementation at the facility. Taking into account the peculiarities of the production of repair and construction work, the sequence of their implementation at the fronts is determined based on the following requirements:

Work should begin from the distant "wells" relative to the tower crane, thereby excluding the transfer of materials from disassembly over the mounted "wells";

It is impossible to simultaneously dismantle and install in adjacent "wells" separated by a bearing wall;

It is necessary to strive to provide the scope of work to allied subcontractors to perform special work, i.e. to ensure the readiness of individual sections;

External communications should be laid before the tower crane is installed;

Repair of the facade must be carried out after dismantling the tower crane;

Dismantling of structures in wells should be done from top to bottom, and installation - from bottom to top.

To determine a rational method of organizing work, three fundamentally different options for organizing work are compared:

With continuous use of resources (with zero stretching of resource links);

Continuous development of private fronts of work (with zero stretching of frontal connections);

Critical works identified while taking into account resource and frontal connections.

If the duration of a major overhaul differs by 15-20% from the normative or directive terms, the schedule is adjusted with a change in the duration of certain types of repair and construction work and the sequence of their implementation or production conditions.

The calendar plan for the production of works can be displayed on a drawing sheet, regardless of the calculation method, in the form of a line graph, cyclogram, network graph in the OFR or OVR system. The calendar plan should indicate the relationship between work, time expectations, deadlines, names of work, the number of the private front, the quantitative composition of the brigade, production shifts and work reserves (if the latter were determined), as well as other information necessary in the opinion of the developer of the plan.

On the same drawing, a diagram of the movement of workers employed daily in the implementation of simple and complex processes for the entire period of the overhaul of the facility is built. The vertical scale of the diagram of the movement of workers is set based on the possibility of a denser filling of the drawing. The number of workers in the second and third shifts is shown inside the general diagram of the movement of workers. If, when drawing up the calendar plan for the reconstruction of a quarter, the diagram has significant peaks and troughs, then it is necessary to make an adjustment to the calendar plan by shifting work due to time reserves or changing the intensity. On the schedule sheet, the following technical and economic indicators of the organization of work are given, the calculation of which is carried out in the PZ:

where t t t is the total duration of work performed in the first, second and third shifts, days.

When calculating the calendar plan on a PC, an integral indicator for evaluating the accepted method of organizing work according to the program developed at the Department of OS is determined. The composition of the integral indicator with significance coefficients includes differential indicators of timeliness, combination, uniformity, continuity of work and continuity of the use of the scope of work.

An integral part of scheduling are schedules for the delivery and consumption of materials, parts and structures in the production of reconstruction (Table 9.3).

Table 9.3

The linear calendar schedule for the receipt and consumption of materials, products and structures consists of the left and right parts. The left part of the schedule is filled in based on the data of the calendar plan for the production of works at the facility (according to the list of main structural elements and works). On the right side, for each type of material and product, two lines show the incoming cargo flow (taking into account the corresponding stock) and daily consumption.

Lecture 5

1. System of repairs. Planning strategy

Maintenance of the building includes a set of works to maintain the elements in good condition, the specified parameters and modes of operation of its structures and technical devices. For these purposes, a system of repair measures is provided, which includes current and major repairs of buildings and structures. Making decisions on carrying out certain repairs is based on the results of inspections of structural elements and engineering systems of buildings and structures.

The purpose of inspections is to establish the possible causes of defects and develop measures to eliminate them. During inspections, control over the use and maintenance of the premises is also carried out. Once a year, during the spring inspection, tenants, tenants and owners of residential premises should be instructed about the maintenance of buildings, the operation of engineering equipment and fire safety rules.

Planned inspections of residential buildings should be carried out:

General, during which an inspection of the building as a whole is carried out, including structures, engineering equipment and external landscaping;

Partial - inspections that involve the inspection of individual elements of a building or premises.

General inspections should be carried out twice a year: in spring and autumn (before the start of the heating season).

Defects discovered during inspections, deformations of structures or equipment of buildings, which can lead to a decrease in the bearing capacity and stability of structures or buildings, collapse or disruption of the normal operation of equipment, must be eliminated.

The housing stock maintenance organization, on the basis of inspection and survey reports, must, within a month:

Draw up a list (based on the results of the spring inspection) of measures and establish the scope of work necessary to prepare the building and its engineering equipment for operation in the next winter period;

Clarify the scope of work on current repairs (based on the results of a spring inspection for the current year and an autumn inspection for the next year), as well as identify malfunctions and damage, the elimination of which requires major repairs;

Check the readiness (according to the results of the autumn inspection) of each building for operation in winter conditions;

Organization and planning of current repairs.

The organization and conduct of the current repair of residential buildings should be carried out in accordance with the Rules and norms for the technical operation of the housing stock, Technical guidelines for the organization and technology of the current repair of the housing stock, Technical guidelines for the organization of preventive maintenance of residential large-panel buildings, other regulations of the Gosstroy of Russia and Methodological recommendations . As regards the organization and remuneration of labor, it is necessary to be guided by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the Code of Labor Laws of the Russian Federation, the Methodological Recommendations of the State Scientific and Technical Center for Rationing and Information Systems in the Housing and Public Utilities of the Gosstroy of Russia.

The basis for determining the need for current repairs of the housing stock, establishing or clarifying its volumes are the results of planned general technical inspections of residential buildings.

2. Maintenance.

Current repair consists in systematic and timely work carried out to protect parts of buildings and equipment from premature wear and to eliminate minor damage and malfunctions.

All maintenance works, in turn, are divided into two groups:

Preventive maintenance, quantitatively identified and planned in advance in terms of the volume and time of its implementation;

Unforeseen repair, quantified during operation and carried out, as a rule, urgently.

Preventive maintenance is the basis for normal technical operation and increasing the durability of residential and public buildings. Timely planning and implementation of such repair work to eliminate individual damages that occur during operation prevent their further development, protect the building from premature wear and reduce the cost of capital repairs of buildings. This group of works includes repair and painting of roofs, replacement of missing parts and painting of drainpipes, partial repair of windows and doors, cleaning of dirt and simple painting of facades, stairwells and other works of a similar nature.

The starting materials for the preparation of annual and quarterly plans for preventive maintenance should be work inventories compiled on the basis of the results of technical inspections and according to the records of the scope of work in the building inspection log. Up to 75-80% of the allocated appropriations for current repairs should be planned for the production of these works.

Unlike preventive maintenance carried out according to a specific, pre-compiled calendar plan, unforeseen repairs consist in the urgent correction of minor accidental damage and shortcomings that could not be detected and eliminated during preventive maintenance or arose after its implementation. Such minor damages and malfunctions in water supply and sewerage systems, in networks and devices of heat and gas power supply should be immediately eliminated in order to avoid major accidents. For the production of such urgent unforeseen work, not included in the scope of preventive maintenance, the remaining 25-20% of the cost of current repairs should be provided.

Maintenance and current repairs in residential and public buildings are carried out by permanent full-time workers of the operating offices of the relevant institutions and are concluded:

In a systematic inspection according to the schedule of apartments, office premises, parts of the building and equipment fixed for permanent maintenance for each worker;

In the performance of current (preventive and unforeseen) repairs according to the list of works;

In the elimination and prevention of possible accidents and their consequences (unforeseen repairs);

- in carrying out the necessary briefing of residents on the correct maintenance and use of house equipment.

3. Overhaul

Overhaul in residential buildings and public buildings consists in the replacement and restoration of individual parts or entire structures and equipment of buildings in connection with their wear and tear and destruction.

The wear of individual structural elements and engineering equipment during the operation of residential buildings and public buildings is not the same and depends on the nature of the material, and therefore their service life is different in time. The longest service life in stone houses has foundations and walls. For these reasons, in a capital repaired stone building, when replacing structural elements, the latter should be provided from materials that are more durable, approaching the service life of the foundations and walls of the building.

All works on the overhaul of residential and public buildings are divided into the following groups:

Comprehensive overhaul, covering the repair of individual structural elements, parts of the building or engineering equipment in the house;

Selective overhaul consists in the repair of individual structural elements, the failure of which can worsen the condition of adjacent structures of a residential building and lead to their damage or complete destruction.

Complex overhaul

Comprehensive repair is the main type of overhaul of the building and provides for the simultaneous restoration of worn structural elements, finishes, engineering equipment and an increase in the degree of improvement in them.

The most valuable stone houses and public buildings, in which the main structural elements (except foundations and walls) and engineering equipment have fallen into disrepair (emergency) and need to be replaced, should be assigned for comprehensive overhaul.

Residential houses and public buildings of pre-revolutionary and pre-war years of construction in many cases have unequal structures in terms of their service life.

When repairing residential buildings and public buildings at the expense of funds intended for major repairs, it is allowed to carry out:

Replacing worn-out building structures with new structures using more durable and durable materials, except for a complete change or replacement of building walls and frames, as well as stone and concrete foundations;

Restoration of inactive elevators and their device again;

Arrangement of auxiliary premises (outdoor vestibules, woodsheds, yard fences, adaptation of non-residential premises for economic workshops for managing houses, housing offices, etc.);

Improvement of the landscaping of the yard territory (paving, asphalting and gardening, etc.);

Installation and repair of television antennas for collective use.

Selective overhaul

Selective overhaul should be carried out in such residential and public buildings that are generally in a satisfactory technical condition, however, individual structural elements or sanitary devices in them are very worn out and need to be completely or partially replaced.

In these cases, first of all, it is planned to repair such structures and equipment, the failure of which may worsen the condition of adjacent structures of a residential building and lead to their damage or wave destruction. Such work should include:

Malfunction of the roof, over-wall gutters, various open protruding parts and drainpipes on the facades of buildings;

Partial failure of interfloor ceilings and individual beams, especially in sanitary facilities, kitchens and adjacent premises;

Malfunction of sanitary devices and equipment in the house, including plumbing, sewerage, central heating systems, electrical wiring.

Selective overhaul may also include work on the restoration of balconies, plastering and painting of building facades with the inclusion of linear coatings, replacement of drainpipes, yard paving and landscaping of the adjacent area.