Ventilation in the room with the pool. How to make pool ventilation with your own hands? Norms of air parameters

Recently, the arrangement of your own pool in a private house or cottage is not an indicator of incredible luxury. Modern technologies make it possible to install such a water tank indoors without huge costs and investments. In order for the structure to last for a long time, and for a comfortable microclimate to be present in the house, you need to take care of the ventilation of the pool in advance.

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general information

Each pool is a huge container of water that constantly evaporates and condenses on the ceiling, window openings or wall structures. But where there is water, there is also a fungus or mold.

Moreover, the impact of increased moisture negatively affects the durability of the pool itself, because it leads to the destruction of finishing materials and other deformation consequences. Among them:

The occurrence of rust on metal products.
The development of fungal microorganisms.
Swelling and destruction of plastered surfaces.
The appearance of spots on the painted parts.
Deterioration of the insulation of conductive materials, which increases the likelihood of electric shock.

In connection with the above points, the arrangement of the ventilation of the pool in the cottage is the most important stage, which must be taken with increased responsibility. Such equipment will save the room from various deformation processes, as well as extend the life of the tank itself.

With good ventilation in the interior there will always be a certain indicator of humidity. This unit indicates the volume of water vapor per unit volume of air. If the humidity exceeds the permissible level, it becomes difficult to breathe in the room.

However, if the air is too dry, this also entails unpleasant phenomena. Therefore, it is important to achieve the perfect balance, guided by the mode of operation of the structure, the climatic factor and the individual preferences of the owners of the premises. Future calculation should be carried out taking into account the temperature of air and water.

Pool ventilation

Indoor microclimate

In the construction industry, there is such a thing as saturation moisture. This indicator characterizes the volume of water that is taken in by air at a specific temperature regime. If the temperature starts to rise, it raises the saturation humidity level. If the allowable indicator is exceeded, the excess begins to turn into condensate and settle on wall structures, glass or ceiling.

When arranging ventilation in the pool of a private house, it is necessary to get rid of excess evaporation of moisture, observing a specific balance between the temperature of water and air.

If the volume of evaporated moisture is relatively small, then there is no need to buy powerful ventilation systems. If the temperature of water and air is kept at the same level, the saturation point will be comparable to 100% humidity.

But to ensure a comfortable microclimate in a room with a pool, it is recommended to adhere to humidity from 50 to 65%. This requires the installation of a mechanical ventilation system.

There is another way to reduce the level of evaporation. It is enough to cover the surface of the water with special metal elements, like blinds. As you know, closed water practically does not go into the evaporation stage and does not cool. If we compare an outdoor pool, then about two and a half liters of liquid can evaporate in it in an hour. In the closed type, these figures are 1.2 liters per part. As a result, this approach guarantees large savings in resources.

Reducing the humidity in the room

Even the most powerful pool ventilation project is not able to completely cope with the problem of high humidity in the room. However, it is quite possible to reduce the level of evaporation, since there are many tools and ventilation equipment for this. Recently, supply and exhaust ventilation for the pool, which is combined with the installation of special dehumidifiers, has been in great demand.

Once in the dehumidifier, the air is heated to the dew point, which leads to moisture condensation. Then it is additionally heated and returned back, but already in its pure form, without water particles. Such systems are relevant for cottages in which it is impossible to consider the option of installing an intake-blowing system. A hygrostat is installed in the design, which causes the compressor to start at certain performance indicators. If the moisture level drops, the hygrostat stops the compressor while the ventilation blades continue to rotate.

Commercially available condensing dryers divided into several types:

1. Wall mounted. They are located in buildings where there are already finishing works.
2. Wall mounted. In such dehumidifiers, all working elements are securely hidden in a separate room, and in the space with a pool there is only a fence grate. It is necessary to start planning such a scheme long before the arrangement of the water tank.
3. Stationary, non-removable. Such installations are characterized by the highest power and require additional space. Often they are part of the supply and exhaust ventilation system in large sports centers. Stationary models support mixing 1/5 of the air volume, and if equipped with a duct heater, this will allow you to equip a complete ventilation system at home.

Moisture assimilation

In search of effective ventilation systems in the pool, schemes and designs, one cannot ignore the method of assimilation of moisture in the pool. It consists in using the natural property of air to absorb water vapor. The technology allows you to lay a 5-fold air exchange in one hour of work.

In temperate latitudes and in homes with small pools, a conventional ventilation system is sufficient. But if we are talking about large water tanks in gyms and entertainment complexes, then a multifunctional dehumidifier must be additionally equipped here.

The indisputable advantage of moisture assimilation is the effective elimination of an unpleasant odor that appears due to high humidity. As for the cons, there are few of them. The most unpleasant moment is the dependence on weather conditions, because if the surrounding air is too humid, it will not be able to absorb condensate from the pool room.

But in most cases, this scheme justifies itself and outperforms other solutions. Another disadvantage of assimilation is the need to warm the supply air. The procedure is especially necessary during the cold period, when the heating process requires a lot of electricity.

Also, engineers practice the combined method of draining the pool, which is in demand for large areas and pools with a high frequency of visits. In this case, it is necessary to combine a dehumidifier and a forced ventilation system.

At the same time, the type of equipment can be independent or form an indispensable part of the overall system that affects the microclimate. Combined options are expensive options and justify themselves only on an area of 50 square meters.

How to reduce the humidity in the pool room? Pool ventilation

Maintaining the temperature

To avoid excessive moisture release, at the ventilation design stage, it is necessary to achieve such indicators at which the temperature in the building with a pool exceeds the ambient temperature.

This is possible only if there is a powerful heating system that provides heating of the air to optimal performance. But ventilation is not able to heat the building, so air heating may be ineffective. It justifies itself only with the arrangement of additional installations.

If the building is characterized by good glazing, and the pool is located in the southern area, you can not do without arranging a powerful air conditioning system. As for large pools that are frequently visited, natural ventilation systems may not be useful in them. In this case, forced methods of moving air are used, demonstrating the following advantages:

Maintaining a stable temperature regime.
Constant supply of fresh air.
Combat bad odor.

Swimming pool in a private house. Heating system in the pool, ventilation and water heating.

Supply and exhaust scheme

Considering the best types of ventilation systems for a pool, one cannot ignore the example of a supply and exhaust scheme.

It has the following advantages:

Stable supply of fresh air.
Fight against residual moisture in the atmosphere.

The device is equipped with a special dehumidifier, and any heat is instantly removed outside. In addition, such a system is characterized by autonomy and can work without exposure to air from other rooms. The ventilation ducts are made on the basis of moisture-resistant materials, and the equipment is controlled by advanced automation. As a result, this allows you to maintain a stable temperature regime and carry out the mixing of clean air.

Before entering the room, the outdoor air is carefully filtered, cooled or heated. It also changes its moisture content.

Proper system design in the cottage

In order for the cottage pool to justify itself, you need to remember a few features.

First of all, you should make sure that the temperature regime is kept within 30-32 degrees Celsius, and the outflow of air prevails over the inflow by 0.5 times. Noise indicators cannot exceed 60 decibels, while there should not be more than two people in the pool at the same time.

In order for the design and installation of an air vent system to be as successful as possible, a lot of rules and recommendations must be taken into account. You should visit a special site where you can calculate the required parameters online. Planning a ventilation system will be successful only after consulting with an expert, as well as taking into account several important points.

As you know, air with high humidity and high temperature is constantly directed upwards, and when it collides with a cool surface, it turns into condensate. In this regard, ventilation equipment can be placed both in the adjacent building and under the bowl, around it or on top. In many cases, such systems are placed around the pool or in two of its sides, which causes the exhaust moist air to be quickly expelled.

To ensure a comfortable microclimate in a building with a swimming pool, first of all drafts must be prevented. To do this, it is enough to equalize the volumes of supply and exhaust air. In a place where visitors are located, the air should not move faster than a given speed. Often, the intensity of movements is reduced using various schemes or specific grids.

Air channel it is better to place near the windows. It is also desirable that it be made of a good heat-conducting material. Under the influence of dry air, any condensate will cease to settle on the glass, and upon contact with the window, the warm air will begin to cool.

Drawer box installed directly under the ceiling where intense accumulation of moisture and heat is noticed. Otherwise, the air will quickly come out. If there are suspended ceilings in the building, you need to think over the ventilation system in advance. If this is not done, an area with a high moisture content will appear above them.

A properly equipped air exchange system in a room with a pool is the key to successful and long-term operation of such a water tank.

Therefore, in order to extend the life of the pool and protect it from premature deformations, it is important to design and install ventilation equipment in time.

An important factor for any indoor pool is exhaust and supply ventilation, i.e. the process of replacing stale air with clean air. Unlike open outdoor structures, indoor water vapor is trapped, which leads to condensation and rapid deterioration of the air. This, in turn, can lead to rapid rust formation, paint swelling, problems with the structural elements of the room, including supports, and stuffiness.

Ventilation must be considered for any pool.

Autonomous supply and exhaust ventilation of the pool in the cottage helps to remove water vapor by replacing indoor air with clean outdoor air. Also, a good ventilation system will keep humidity levels low – and protect the equipment on site, as well as the facility itself, from premature failure. A simply installed house fan is not able to cope with this; a full-fledged installation is needed for powerful ventilation, the scheme of which is carefully calculated in each individual case.

Ventilation is also critical in pump rooms and technical rooms where equipment and chemicals are stored. Proper supply of fresh air must be accompanied by some air treatment to achieve the required parameters. Be aware that many chemical gases are heavier than air and this requires low level exhaust systems in chemical rooms.

The air in any rooms for people must be completely replaced hourly. The pool and ventilation in it must be able to provide air circulation and its complete renewal twice within one hour. The amount of evaporated water determines the size of the ventilation system and its completeness, the calculation of the supply and exhaust ventilation of the pool is based on this main parameter.

Installation of ventilation equipment for the pool

It should also be taken into account that indoor swimming pools in cities continuously emit large amounts of chlorine along with water vapor. The effects of this evaporation are exacerbated by the fact that modern builders prefer to build more energy efficient rigid structures. When water vapor has no way to leave practically sealed structures, it causes numerous problems, such as:

Rust. Bloating paint. Deterioration of the condition of the supports and their gradual destruction. And many other negative effects in the pool building.

As a result, repair or replacement of parts can be very costly and time-consuming. Visitors and employees of indoor pools do not have to endure an unpleasant environment. They should not be surrounded by the physical discomfort of high humidity. Mold, bacteria and fungus that grow in humid conditions can have a very negative impact on health. Moreover, colonies of pathogenic microorganisms emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with low molecular weight, many of which are poisonous and have strong unpleasant odors.

The swimming pool must be ventilated either naturally or by mechanical (forced) means. Supply and exhaust ventilation in the pool of a private house should prevent drops from falling from the ceiling onto swimmers and reduce the formation of condensate to zero. A minimum of two complete air changes per 60 minutes must be provided for indoor pool areas, large or small. Heating devices must be hidden from contact with swimmers. The fuel for combustion and the heating equipment itself must be installed outdoors, in accordance with technical standards.

It can be said that a mechanical ventilation rate of 1 ACH (one complete change of air per hour) in a pool will be sufficient to maintain a reasonable level of relative humidity when the room is not regularly used. In heavily used pools, the air exchange system must be able to supply 2 ACH to maintain good air quality.

When calculating optimal ventilation, it is taken into account that the evaporation rate is enhanced by factors:

Large water surface. Therefore, covering the pool with a material that prevents the evaporation of water leads to a decrease in the amount of evaporated water;
High water temperature;
Low air temperature;
Low relative air humidity;
Intensive air movement over the pool area.

System installation

After calculating the optimal mechanical ventilation rate for the pool, it is necessary to consider the distribution of the ventilation network for the intake and exhaust of air flows from the room.

Scheme of building a ventilation system in the pool

Proper duct design should:

Minimize airflow obstructions;
Provide comfortable conditions for recreation;
Control humidity;
To optimize the microclimate, including the elimination of condensation on the windows.

In any case, you need to pay attention to the fact that:

Airflows and duct lengths shown on sketches are for guidance only - actual data and performance may vary; The supply air must enter near the outside windows. If the supply air is heated, then the power sources must be close to the ground - otherwise, the height of the outlet must be at least 2.4 meters. Openings for air exhaust from the room should be located under the ceiling; A reasonable distance (at least 2.4 meters) must be maintained between electrical appliances in the supply and return lines to avoid short circuits.

Supply air heating

Although the air heat exchanger is capable of restoring up to 80% of the air temperature indoors, the air mass coming from the street can be uncomfortably cold. Therefore, it is desirable to add a heater to the ventilation to additionally heat the incoming air.

The design of the pool should be thought out to the smallest detail

Rules for economical pool design

You need to choose a building for the pool with the best thermal insulation and with a minimum of technically unnecessary large glazing (mainly in the roof of the pool).

Completely eliminate thermal bridges.

Choose a design that is ideal for vapor barriers on walls and roofs.

Rectangular pools can easily be fitted with foil covers, and insulating cassettes made of polyurethane are also possible, which fit perfectly into the design.

The pool should communicate with the house only through a tight door, preferably through a separately ventilated corridor.

Taking into account possible heat losses and condensation in the air ducts, it is necessary to install ventilation units for swimming pools as close as possible to the water.

Rules for ventilation and heating of swimming pools

Rules for newly built or modernized pools formed in recent years:

It is necessary to ensure thorough ventilation of the entire space;
Avoid forming poorly ventilated corners with possible condensation;
Always supply dry, low relative humidity air to the glazing at a sufficient rate;
Try to keep the entire space under negative pressure (min. 95%) to avoid the risk of water vapor penetrating into adjacent rooms or building structural elements through improper vapor barriers;
Always design pool ducts of stainless material; possibly aluminum or polyurethane;
Ensure perfect tightness of the stainless air duct, with a slope towards the condensate drain, provide access for cleaning and excellent thermal insulation.

The design of air ducts outside the pool must ensure the tightness of the duct (for example, polyurethane), with a slope towards condensate drainage and thermal insulation. Do not install exhaust grilles in the false ceiling through cuts in the vapor barrier!

The suction grill must be installed in the center, opposite the glazing under the ceiling of the room.

Air distribution for very small rooms (eg with only one window or in a basement) can only be achieved with one air duct.

Always isolate pool ventilation from the rest of the house, incl. supply and exhaust ducts to avoid drafts.

Due to the short duration of use of the pool in a residential building (for example, 1 - 2 hours a day), it is ideal for him to install a thermal air treatment system with heating of the incoming air, in order to quickly reach the required temperature, in just a few tens of minutes (with thermal insulation and vapor barrier on walls inside).

Any supply and exhaust ventilation unit for a pool, among other things, must be resistant to the aggressive effects of chlorine, i.e. with heat recovery core made of stainless steel or plastic material, condensate drain pan made of stainless steel or with a special protective finish.

Installation of ventilation in the pool

A warm floor is recommended as the main heating system, preferably installed with a connection to a low-temperature heat source (for example, solar energy). It may be worth considering a system of floor convectors under windows, with a good anti-corrosion finish and special protection to avoid human injury.

Ventilation specialists can help any pool owner or manager determine the correct size and type of ventilation that is needed in each case, they will professionally explain how to properly ventilate a private pool, give an example calculation. And they will tell you what other equipment may be required to ensure normal air exchange in the pool.

Since ventilation is one of the heaviest items in the construction of the pool, it is important to initially consider how the object will grow in the coming years. In addition, maintenance and repair should be provided for, they must be considered when calculating and choosing which supply and exhaust ventilation of pools will be optimal in your case.

If you want the pool to be a place of comfortable and safe rest, it is advisable to take care of the ventilation equipment in advance. About what ventilation systems are and what are their main functional features, how to choose the right one, what should be remembered during installation, read in this article.

Ways to organize ventilation of the pool

Often, in the construction of indoor pools, the issue of ventilation is not considered important and is often practically not considered. But without proper ventilation, the pool turns into a breeding ground for a pathogenic environment and this poses a threat to the health of vacationers. The main purpose of pool air exchange is to create optimal humidity in accordance with regulatory standards. A properly constructed ventilation exchange system will help to avoid operational problems that will arise in the absence or improperly installed ventilation.

This installation allows the air to ventilate, excess moisture is removed, access to fresh air is open, which makes the bathing process comfortable. In addition, in the water font it is necessary to create a special microclimate for comfortable being naked at any time of the year.

The main tasks of pool room ventilation:

maintaining optimal humidity;
organization of air exchange according to accepted standards.

The water surface and constantly wet floor evaporate a large amount of water and this creates conditions for exceeding the level of humidity. In this case, a person experiences discomfort: it is difficult to breathe in a humid room and stuffy. In addition, pool disinfectants evaporate and an extraneous odor is added, which is sharply felt when the humidity rises.

The following means of organizing ventilation can be distinguished:

substitution method (systematic replacement of moist air with dry air);
condensation method (humid air is driven through special dehumidifiers, the function of which is to remove moisture and return dry air with the addition of fresh air back into the room);
mixed method (this method combines the two previous ones, is considered expensive, but at the same time most effective).

Functional features of ventilation for the pool

There are accepted standards for indoor pools:

water temperature - 26-29 ° C above zero;
air temperature - 27-32 ° C above zero;
relative humidity in the warm season - 65%;
relative humidity in the cold season 50%;
air circulation is about 0.2 meters per second.

The substitution method is the most budgetary of the existing ones. A double ventilation system is organized synchronously working. In the cold season, this method works well, the air from the street does not contain a lot of moisture. In the summer, this method does not solve the problem of high humidity. It is required to install an additional dehumidifier or increase the air exchange rate - this entails additional material costs. This method is quite expensive to operate, in winter heat is irrationally used, in fact, the street is heated. The installed humidity sensors make it possible to more rationally control the air exchange system. The recuperator is installed to heat the supply air in winter.

The condensing method is used for dehumidification with the addition of fresh air. A dehumidifier is installed to help increase the air circulation in the pool, dehumidifies the air and mixes fresh air from the street into it. Among the disadvantages of the method, one can distinguish an increase in temperature in the pool building, high costs of electrical energy and insufficient supply of fresh air.

The mixed method is used in the supply and exhaust design with a built-in dehumidifier. This helps to control and keep the air humidity at an optimal level all year round. When a heat exchanger is installed, the system works most efficiently. The method is the most costly, while it is quite budgetary to use.

Regulatory requirements for the design of the pool

Following the standards will allow you to enjoy a comfortable bath without harm to health. Following these standards, it is necessary to design ventilation in such a way as to avoid stagnant zones. Setting optimal ventilation, taking into account all requirements, can be as follows:

flow - exhaust;
autonomous;
independent.

independent supply air;
exhaust.

Exhaust systems must be equipped with electrically heated valves and condensate collection tanks. A convenient approach for system maintenance should be provided.

It is necessary to remember about the noise level, exceeding sixty decibels is unacceptable.

Features of the design of indoor pools can be described as follows:

an individual project is used, taking into account the specific features of a particular pool;
it is necessary to create maximum comfort for visitors;
placement of the pool on the ground floor;
correctly take into account the width of the bypass tracks;
calculate the size of the water mirror;
consider the mode of use (episodic, short-term, year-round, etc.).

The ventilation system is designed taking into account the characteristics of the building. Important tips to keep in mind:

moist air is removed from the upper zone;
the area of \u200b\u200bventilation grilles should be large;
implement the principle of displacement ventilation.

If the following signs are present, it is necessary to improve the air exchange system:

feeling of discomfort and desire to leave the room;
the appearance of condensation on the surfaces of walls, windows.

Indoor pool ventilation

When building an indoor pool, the following indicators are taken into account:

the size of the area of \u200b\u200bthe room where the pool will be located;
air exchange rate for the supply and exhaust ventilation system;
calculation of air supply per person;
calculation of comfortable room temperature.

An important criterion in the design of a ventilation system is considered to be taking into account and overdoing the norms under which a person will be comfortable. Important indicators for this are the level of humidity and temperature. Ventilation should be considered at the very first stage - the design of the pool. The level of comfort will be optimal with such indicators:

humidity level is not higher than 65%;
the gap between the water and air temperatures is not more than two degrees;
water temperature for heated pools is about thirty degrees above zero;
lack of drafts and strong air movements.

How to properly ventilate an indoor pool can be seen in the video at the end of the article.

Pool Air Drying Systems

Properly mounted design for ventilation, will allow free flow of fresh air and removal of excess moisture. In order for the ventilation system to successfully cope with its duties, the following parameters are taken into account:

room size;
the size allotted for water;
temperature indicators;
the number of visitors.

If miscalculations are allowed, then the result of this is condensation on the surfaces in the room, corrosion develops on metal surfaces, a fungus appears, and rotting of wooden materials appears. For several seasons, the pool can fail completely. To avoid this, it is necessary to properly plan ventilation. And if mistakes were made, they can be corrected.

A dehumidifier can solve the problem of high humidity. You need to choose the right equipment. For an hour of its operation, the device must drive the moist air of the room three times. Only a specialist can choose the right dehumidifier. The dehumidifier only partially solves the problem of excessive humidity.

The use of a ventilation system without additional removal of moisture from the air can bring results only if:

in an hour there is a five-fold run of air;
the surface of the water mirror is not large;
the pool is not frequented.

The microclimate of the swimming pool

Saturation humidity is the maximum amount of water an air mass can hold. As the air increases, the humidity increases. In a situation where the maximum limit of saturation humidity is overcome, an excess of moisture appears, which is visible on the surfaces. Hoods for the pool in this situation are essential. There are three methods to reduce humidity:

condensation;
assimilation;
combined.

Moisture condensation in the pool is carried out by running the air flow through a special device - a dehumidifier. Moisture condenses, the air masses warm up to the required temperature and come back. This system is suitable for a small swimming pool where it is not possible to use an air supply/exhaust system. The design is equipped with a hygrostat that starts the compressor. At optimal units, the humidistat stops the compressor from functioning. Dehumidifiers in this type of ventilation systems are:

wall hinged;
wall built-in;
stationary.

Mounted wall-mounted dehumidifiers are located in rooms with completed repairs.

Wall built-in are located in the adjoining room, and a fence mesh is located in the pool room. This ventilation system is planned and installed at the initial stage of construction.

Stationary dehumidifiers are the most powerful structures, they require a special room for their location, most often such dehumidifiers are installed in sports complexes and water parks. The influx and release of air goes through the air communication system. When using a special duct heater, an efficient and effective ventilation system is obtained.

The assimilation of moisture in the pool is the next type of dehumidification. According to this rule, supply and exhaust structures operate, they produce a five-fold run of air in the pool room. Small personal pools can do without a dehumidifier, but pools with large water surfaces in hot climates cannot do without one. The assimilation method allows you to clean the air masses from persistent foreign odors. The disadvantage of this system is the dependence on weather conditions.

The combined method is the most optimal type for draining large, actively visited pools. The use of a dehumidifier and ventilation is recommended, they can work independently of each other or work in conjunction, maintaining an optimal microclimate.

Calculation of ventilation in the pool

Humidity up to sixty percent is considered optimal in an indoor pool. But in practice, the figures are reduced to forty-five percent. This plays an important role in the feeling of waterlogging of the air. Even with a properly organized air exchange system, a feeling of discomfort and condensation may occur. When designing a ventilation system, the calculation is based on determining the air flow. The calculation of the ventilation system and the rules for arranging the ventilation system in the pool are based on the following parameters:

pool size;
track size;
the total area of the building;
temperature regimes in the main seasons and off-season;
water temperature;
air temperature;
the number of visitors.

The following calculations are also taken into account when designing ventilation:

heat input;
moisture intake;
air exchange calculation.

The pool ventilation scheme depends on the choice of ventilation type and is always considered individually for each pool.

Installation of climatic complexes

In pools with a large volume of water surface, climatic complexes are used. These powerful, large units maintain an optimal microclimate around the clock. In addition, they provide interchange of air masses, drying, cleaning and heating. Recommended for use in pools with humidity outside the norm and with the presence of fumes from air disinfectants. The complex is capable of operating in several modes, the sensors measure the air, and the built-in computer switches to the required mode of operation. To install the complex, you need an additional room near the pool. Installation is complicated and expensive, but pays for itself in a few years, allowing you to save on maintenance and installation.

For a safe and pleasant stay in the pool, care should be taken to create the correct air exchange. Experts will help you choose the ventilation system that is right for your pool. This will make it possible to rest safely, comfortably and with pleasure.

The room with the pool is very specific due to the presence of a large amount of water vapor in it. Moisture condenses on surfaces with a lower temperature, as a result of which the processes of corrosion, rotting and the formation of fungus begin. In the room with the pool, the windows fog up, moisture accumulates on the objects located there. Eliminates all these inconveniences high-quality ventilation of the room with the pool.

Why is pool ventilation necessary?

The characteristics of the water and air in the room with the pool favor the evaporation of water from the bowl, it is impossible to stop this process. Moisture settles on interior items and various structural elements, which leads to their damage. A well-designed and installed ventilation system will remove all air vapor from the room.

The second negative factor from water vapor is the discomfort of people in the pool. Humid air negatively affects the respiratory system and psychological state. The third factor is damage to the electrical equipment in the pool. Even glass-covered ceiling lights suffer.

Ventilation systems for the best effect are equipped with air dryers. Among all the varieties of ventilation systems, there are two most common:

Supply and exhaust with heat recovery
With separation of inflow and outflow of air.

Supply and exhaust ventilation system with heat recovery

This type of exhaust system works in one block. At the stage of purchasing all the necessary materials, this system is expensive, but during operation it is more economical than flow ventilation. Benefits of using:

Does not require a lot of space for installation. All components are located in one block, and therefore occupy a smaller area than ventilation with separated elements. Ideal for small pools and therefore often used in private homes.
During operation, the unit has a reduced energy consumption due to the presence of a heat exchanger. This device saves up to 50-70% of energy, since the supply air is heated by the exhaust gas, but does not mix with it. That is, the temperature in the room is kept at the same level due to its own heat reserve. Due to this, the required power of the motor used is reduced by 2-2.5 times.

The pool ventilation system of the supply and exhaust type contains the following elements:

Supply and exhaust fan.
Filter for purification of incoming air.
Double valve that blocks the passage of cold air during system shutdown.
Heat recuperator.
Inlet air heater.

The supply and exhaust ventilation of a pool with a heat recuperator is in some cases equipped with an automated controller for indicators of the amount of water vapor and temperature. Also, in addition, devices are installed that distribute heated air to other rooms and an air dryer.

Ventilation with separation of air inlet and outlet

This system is separate, the air inlet and outlet is produced by different ventilation system elements. The equipment in this case is cheaper than for the first type of ventilation, but during operation it will require high costs. Also, separate ventilation has rather large dimensions and is not so convenient for use in small rooms.

Flow ventilation of the pool is characterized by a separate supply of fresh air into the room with the simultaneous removal of already humidified air to the outside. The equipment of this type of ventilation takes place at the stage of general construction work on the construction of the pool. Its main element is a fan built into the exhaust ducts. Air supply is carried out using the following equipment:

An air intake device equipped with a valve that does not allow cold air to enter the room during system shutdown.
Filter that purifies the incoming air.
Inlet air heater.
Fan for air injection.
Control unit for maintaining the temperature level and the volume of incoming air.

Ventilation automation

The automated system exercises full control over the ventilation system and regulates its functions. The work performed by the automated system:

Keeps the humidity and air temperature at a given level, as well as the performance of the ventilation system itself.
At specified intervals, it enables or disables individual structural elements of the system or its entire system as a whole.

Notifies you of emerging emergencies and system problems.
Tracks the sequence of all operations taking place in the system.
Provides protection for the system as a whole and its individual components, protects water heaters from moisture freezing in them, voltage drops, etc.
Communicates ventilation with the "smart home" system.

Norms of air parameters in the pool

The ventilation system is selected according to certain indicators that are observed in the room with the pool. When creating a safe and pleasant environment in the room, the following numbers are maintained:

Humidity is not more than 65%.
The temperature ratio of air and water does not exceed 2°C in favor of air.
The temperature indicator of water is kept up to 32 ° C.
The gas flow leaving the ventilation does not exceed a speed of 0.2 m/s, since higher values create a draft that is felt by the skin.
The normalized value of air exchange is 80 m3 / h per person in the room. But during the design it is allowed to use not this figure, but the calculated value.

The norms allow a difference in the amount of incoming and outgoing air in the size of half the air exchange rate of the pool. Here, however, the gas flow rate is taken into account. When calculating the project, the number of decibels of noise in the room is also taken into account, its maximum threshold is 60 dB. Natural ventilation does not create the parameters described above in the pool, therefore the room is necessarily equipped with a mechanized ventilation system.

The nuances of developing a ventilation project

When creating a project for a ventilating structure of any type, the functional characteristics of the structure itself are taken into account to provide it with the specified conditions, and negative factors affecting the structural elements of the structure. One of the very first harmful substances is condensate. Its accumulation on the surface of the ventilation shaft will cause corrosion and damage to equipment. To avoid this, the shaft is isolated or electrically heated valves are used. Also, the ventilation shaft is supplemented with a drip tray for collecting moisture.

Pool ventilation systems of any type and size must be designed to operate at a lower capacity to conserve energy during pool downtime. Accordingly, it is necessary to equip a device with increased power so that ventilation can effectively cope with its functions when there are a lot of people in the pool. These add-ons are optional, but help to save energy during round-the-clock operation, while the efficiency of the system will not drop. This addition is especially relevant for private houses, in which the equipment is used much less frequently than in public pools.

The most important rule when calculating the project is taking into account the area of the room, calculating the values of the air exchange rate and air flow, and the presence of a room heating function. Supply and exhaust ventilation of the pool is multifunctional and solves all problems. It has various structural elements - a filtration system, a heater and a fan. This leads to the performance of all of these functions. Pool ventilation is mounted separately from the main house system. Reduce the evaporation of water from the pool by screening it for a period of inactivity.

How to develop a pool ventilation project

As mentioned above, when pool ventilation is being designed, the calculation is carried out taking into account air humidity of 65%, but in practice this value is often reduced by 15-20%. This is due to the tactile sensation of increased moisture. If the ventilation system is equipped correctly and provides the necessary humidity, condensation and discomfort are still noticed. As a result, the functional characteristics of ventilation change, while the described phenomena disappear, but the humidity indicator does not correspond to the declared standards.

When calculating the project, air consumption is taken into account. Special formulas and tables help to determine the required air exchange at the existing temperature index and the area of the water space of the pool.

All indicators that are taken into account in the calculation:

The total size of the body of water.

The size of all bypass paths.
The size of the entire room.
The average outdoor air temperature in winter and summer.
Water temperature.
Air temperature in the room itself.
The average number of visitors to the pool.
Taking into account the fact that the streams of warm air tend upward due to the smaller mass, it is necessary to take into account the temperature index of the air under the ceiling.

When independently calculating the ventilation project for the pool, the following calculations are also carried out:

They take into account the flow of heat from bathing people, external solar exposure, bypass paths, lighting, from the water itself.
The flow of moisture from bathing people, the water surface, and from bypass paths is taken into account.
Air exchange is calculated on the basis of moisture and total heat, the normative air exchange is taken into account.

According to the standard of the Society of German Engineers, air exchange is calculated depending on the area of \u200b\u200bthe water surface, its temperature index, and total humidity

air and functional features of the pool. For calculations, the formula is used:

W= exFxPb-PL, kg/h. Here:

F - the total size of the water surface of the pool, m2.
Pb - indicator of water vapor pressure in saturated air, taking into account the temperature indicator of water in the pool, Bar.
PL - indicator of water vapor pressure at a given temperature and humidity, bar.

To enter the pressure indicator in kPa, take into account that 1 bar = 98.1 kPa.

e in this formula - the evaporation coefficient, kg (m2 * hour * Bar), determines the functional features of the pool. For different types of pools, it is equal to:

The water surface covered with a film - 0.5.
Still water surface - 5.
Small construction with a small number of visitors - 15.
A public use structure with an average swimmer activity score of 20.
Design for places of active entertainment and recreation - 28.
Structure equipped with water slides and with the formation of waves - 35

The calculations are guided by the release of moisture during the use of the pool, this creates a margin of safety for the entire system. To calculate the air exchange in the pool, use the formula: mL=GWXB-XN, kg/h, this is the formula for calculating the mass flow. Volume flow is determined by the formula: L=GWrxXB-XN, kg/h. Here:

L - volume flow rate of incoming air, m3/h.
mL - mass flow rate of incoming air, kg/h.
GW is the volume of all evaporating moisture in the room, g/h.
XN - moisture content outside the room, g/kg.
XB - indoor moisture content, g/kg.
r is an indicator of air density at the temperature regime inside the room, kg/m3.

The outdoor moisture content tends to change with the seasons. This change reaches 2-3 g/kg in winter and 11-12 g/kg in summer. Practitioners are guided by an indicator of 9 g / kg, because the seasonal change in this indicator is not long in time. As for the value of XB, it is taken a little more than the calculated one, since in the summer season the amount of condensate that appears is insignificant.

During the installation of ventilation, all air ducts are carefully sealed and insulated. The air flow is not directed to the surface of the water. A small ventilation system is installed between the main and suspended ceilings. If a ventilation system is installed in the room, then the use of an air conditioner in it is not recommended.

Any room in which the pool is located is quite specific, mainly due to the abundance of water vapor. As you know, moisture settles in the form of condensate on colder surfaces, as a result of which corrosion processes develop, fungus and decay appear. In addition, windows in this room fog up, and moisture settles on almost everything that is located there. To avoid such troubles, you will need high-quality ventilation of the pool. About what it is, why it is needed and how it is equipped, and will be discussed in today's article.

Why might swimming pools be ventilated?

Due to the special characteristics of the air and water in the room where the swimming pool is located, the moisture evaporates safely from the bowl, and it is not possible to interfere with this process. Settling on various kinds of structural elements or simply interior items, moisture inevitably leads to their deterioration. However, if you correctly design and equip the ventilation system, it will effectively remove all air fumes to the street.

Another disadvantage of the abundance of water vapor in the room is that people who swim in the pool simply experience discomfort. Moreover, humid air adversely affects the respiratory system, as well as the psychological state of a person as a whole. And finally, the third reason why ventilation is mandatory in this case is the inevitable damage to all electronic equipment in the pool. Tellingly, even ceiling lighting fixtures protected by glass come into disrepair.

To make the ventilation system more efficient, it is usually additionally equipped with air dryers. By the way, there are many ventilation systems themselves, but only two are the most popular among them:

with separation of outflow/inflow of air;
supply and exhaust (with the option of heat recovery).

Let's take a closer look at each of these options.

Option one. With air outlet/inlet separation

This kind of ventilation system is classified as separate, in this case the air enters and exits through separate system elements. If we talk about the cost, then the equipment for such ventilation is much cheaper (when compared with the option described in the next paragraph of the article), however, with further operation, it will necessarily require considerable expenses for itself. In addition, the dimensions of a separate ventilation system are quite large, therefore, it is very inconvenient to use it (especially in small rooms).

Note! The supply ventilation of the pool has one very important distinguishing feature - the fresh air in it is supplied to the room separately from the parallel air outlet, which has had time to humidify, to the street.

We also note that such ventilation systems are often equipped at the stage of pool construction. The role of the main element in this case is the fan, which is mounted in the exhaust ducts.

Speaking specifically about the influx of fresh air, it is carried out through such devices:

a control unit designed to support the volume of supplied air and temperature conditions;
an air intake device, on which there is a valve that does not let cold street air into the room in cases where the system is turned off;
a fan with which air is pumped;
cleaning filter required to clean the incoming air;
a heating device with which this incoming air is heated.

For a more detailed acquaintance with this issue, we recommend that you watch the thematic video below.

Video - About ventilation in pools

Option two. Supply and exhaust (with heat recovery function)

If we talk about this type of exhaust ventilation system, then it functions in a single unit. Tellingly, such a system will require serious costs even during the purchase of all the equipment required for it, however, during further operation, you will encounter a pleasant surprise - noticeable savings (much more than the option described above).

Let's get acquainted with the main advantages of using such systems.

First of all, it does not require too much space to install it. All the components necessary for the operation of the system are located in one block, therefore, the whole complex turns out to be very oversized when compared with ventilation, in which the elements are separated. An ideal option for pools, the area of \u200b\u200bwhich is insignificant, which means that it is most often used in private country houses.
Another advantage is that during operation the system consumes not so much electricity, since it (as the name suggests) has a heat exchanger. Thanks to this device, you can save from 50 to 40 percent of electricity, since the supply air is heated by the exhaust gas, but it does not mix with it. In other words, the temperature regime in the room is kept at the same level only due to its thermal reserve. And this, in turn, reduces the required power of the motor used by about two or two and a half times.

As for the design of the supply and exhaust system, it includes the following important elements:

inlet air heater;
fan (still the same supply and exhaust);
thermal recuperator;
cleaning filter required to purify fresh air;
the last element is a double valve, which shuts off the cold air supply if the system is turned off.

We also note that the system described above, equipped with a heat recuperator, is quite often also equipped with the function of automatically adjusting temperature indicators, as well as the values of the amount of water vapor. Moreover, in addition, this pool ventilation can be equipped with devices that distribute heated air to other rooms; Another example of a "bonus" device is the dehumidifier.

What about automated ventilation systems?

Automatic systems are able to control the entire ventilation system, as well as adjust its functions. Below are the main points that automated systems perform.

Direct connection of the ventilation system with the so-called "smart home" system.
Maintaining temperature and humidity indicators of air at the required level, monitoring the performance of the ventilation system itself.
Ensuring protection (both the system as a whole and its individual components), preventing water from freezing in water heaters, reducing voltage, and so on.
Notification of all problems and emergencies that occur in the system.
Tracking the sequence of all operations that occur in the system.

As you can see, there are really a lot of functions, and therefore automated systems fully justify their inflated cost.

Regulatory requirements

Any ventilation system must be selected in accordance with certain indicators that must be observed in the premises where the pools are located. If you intend to provide the most safe and comfortable conditions in the said room, then you must adhere to some numbers.

The maximum air humidity should be 65 percent.
The air exchange rate, in accordance with regulatory requirements, is 80 cubic meters per hour for each person who is in the room. Although when drawing up a project, as a rule, they are not based on this indicator, but on the calculated value.
The maximum difference between the temperature indicators of water and air should be no more than 20 degrees (and exclusively in favor of air).
The gas flow that exits the ventilation system must have a speed of no more than 20 meters per second. If the speed is greater, then drafts are formed that are felt by the skin.
Finally, the water temperature, in accordance with the same standards, should be less than 32 degrees Celsius.

We also note that the regulatory requirements allow for a difference between the volumes of outgoing / incoming air, but no more? total air exchange rate. Although in this case, you must also take into account the speed at which the gas flow moves. When designing, take into account the fact that the noise level in a given room is a maximum of 60 decibels.

Note! It is quite obvious that the natural ventilation system is unable to provide such indicators in the room, and therefore, if there is a pool, it (the room) must be equipped with forced ventilation.

Features of drafting a ventilation system

If you are drafting a ventilation system (regardless of what type it is planned), then you must take into account the functional parameters of the entire structure - this will ensure the specified conditions; also do not forget about the negative factors affecting the structural elements. Perhaps the most important substance, without which no pool ventilation can do, is condensate. If it accumulates on the walls of the ventilation shaft, it will inevitably lead to corrosive processes, as well as equipment failure. To avoid this, it is necessary to insulate the shaft and install electrically heated valves. In addition, be sure to supplement the shaft with a tray into which accumulated moisture would drain.

Any ventilation system (whatever its size) must be able to operate at a lower capacity in order to save electricity in the event of a pool downtime. In turn, you must equip the system with a device of higher power, so that ventilation can successfully cope with everything in the presence of a large number of people in the pool. Of course, all these additions are not mandatory, but thanks to them, electricity is saved during continuous operation, but the efficiency of the entire system remains at the same level. This addition is especially relevant for country houses, where the equipment is not used as often as, for example, in public swimming pools.

But the most important thing that you should consider during the design is the area of the room, the presence / absence of heating, air flow rates, as well as the air exchange rate. As for the supply and exhaust system, it can be considered universal, since it is able to solve all these problems at once. It includes various structural elements, including fans, filtration devices or, say, a heater. Because, in fact, she successfully copes with all tasks.

Note! The ventilation system of the pool should be equipped separately from the general house ventilation. Also note that in order to reduce the evaporation of moisture from the bowl, it can be curtained during downtime.

We develop a ventilation system project

As noted earlier, during the design of ventilation, an air humidity index of about 65 percent is taken into account, but in reality this indicator usually decreases by 15 or even 20 percent. The reason for this is extremely simple - the so-called tactile sensation of humidity. So, if the system is equipped correctly and provides the required humidity, then a feeling of discomfort and condensation can still be noticed. As a result, the functional characteristics of the system are adjusted. The phenomena described above then disappear, but the humidity at the same time no longer meets the regulatory requirements.

When designing a project, also consider the air flow. There are many formulas and special tables that can help determine the required air exchange at the current temperature and area of the pool bowl.

Here are the main characteristics that should be taken into account during the calculations:

air temperature under the ceiling (due to the fact that warm air weighs less, and therefore always tends to rise);
the area of the water space;
the number of people visiting the pool at the same time (on average);
overall dimensions of bypass tracks;
air temperature indicator;
average outdoor temperature in summer/winter;
temperature indicator of water.

If you are designing the ventilation of the pool yourself, then without fail make the following calculations.

Determine how much heat comes from people, water in the thicket, sunlight, lighting fixtures and, in fact, paths.
Determine how much moisture comes from swimmers, paths and water.
Calculate the air exchange, taking into account the standard indicator.

In accordance with the standards of the German Society of Engineers, the latter indicator must be calculated from the water area, the total humidity indicator and the water temperature. In addition, the functional features of the room should be taken into account. The calculation formula looks something like this (in kilograms per hour):

e*F*РВ-PL = W.

Let's take a look at what each indicator means:

F denotes the total water area in square meters;
PL is the vapor pressure in the case of given humidity/temperature values;
РВ is all the same steam pressure, that's only for given parameters of water in the bowl;
finally, e is the evaporation index, which determines the functional features of the design.

The last indicator depends on the type of pool. So, if the structure is covered with a film, then e will be 0.5; if it has water slides, then 35; if the water is static, then 5; if we are talking about a public pool, then about 20; finally, if the bowl is small and attended by an average number of people, then 15.

Note! It is obvious that the humidity in the street varies depending on the specific time of the year. Professionals recommend taking the average value (it is 9 grams per kilogram), since its change with each subsequent season is not too significant.

We also note that directly during the arrangement of the ventilation system, you must insulate and seal each of the air ducts without fail. The air flow must not be directed towards the water surface. If the pool ventilation is small, it can be installed between the base and suspended ceilings. Finally, the use of an air conditioner in a room where there is already ventilation is undesirable.

That's all, now you are aware of what ventilation is in such places, how to design and calculate it. Don't forget to watch another themed video. Good luck with your work!