In apartment buildings, residents mainly use the services of the central heating network for space heating. The quality of these services is influenced by many factors: the age of the house, wear and tear of equipment, the condition of the heating main, etc. In the heating system, a special scheme is also essential, according to which the connection to the heating network is carried out.
Connection types
Connection schemes can be of two types: dependent and independent. Connecting by dependent method is the simplest and most common option. An independent heating system has gained its popularity recently, and is widely used in the construction of new residential areas. What solution is more effective for providing warmth, comfort and coziness to any room?
dependent
Such a connection scheme, as a rule, provides for the presence of in-house heating points, often equipped with elevators. In the mixing unit of the heat station, superheated water from the main external network is mixed with the return one, while acquiring a sufficient temperature (about 100 ° C). Thus, the internal heating system of the house is completely dependent on external heat supply.
Advantages
The main feature of such a scheme is that it provides for the flow of water into the heating and water supply systems directly from the heating main, while the price pays off rather quickly.
disadvantages
Along with the advantages, this connection also has some disadvantages:
- inefficiency;
- temperature control is much more difficult during weather changes;
- overexpenditure of energy resources.
Connection methods
The connection can be made in several ways:
Independent
The heat supply system of an independent type allows you to save consumed resources by 10-40%.
Operating principle
The connection of the heating system of consumers occurs with the help of an additional heat exchanger. Thus, heating is carried out by two hydraulic isolated circuits. The circuit of the external heating main heats the water of the closed internal heating network. In this case, mixing of water, as in the dependent variant, does not occur.
However, such a connection requires considerable costs for both maintenance and repair work.
water circulation
The movement of the coolant is carried out in the heating mechanism thanks to the circulation pumps, due to which there is a regular supply of water through the heating devices. An independent connection scheme may have an expansion vessel containing a supply of water in case of leaks.
Components of an independent system.
Scope of application
It is widely used to connect to the heating system of multi-storey buildings or buildings that require an increased level of reliability of the heating mechanism.
For objects that have premises available, where access by unauthorized service personnel is undesirable. Provided that the pressure in the reverse heating systems or heating networks is above the permissible level - more than 0.6 MPa.
Advantages
Negative points
- high price;
- complexity of maintenance and repair.
Comparison of two types
The quality of heat supply according to a dependent scheme is significantly affected by the operation of the central heat source. This is a simple, cheap, low maintenance and repair cost method. However, the advantages of a modern independent connection scheme, despite the financial costs and complexity of operation, are obvious.
FEDERAL AGENCY FOR TECHNICAL REGULATION AND METROLOGY
NATIONAL
STANDARD
RUSSIAN
FEDERATION
Pipe fittings ROTARY ACTUATORS Mounting dimensions
Industrial valves - Multi-turn valve actuator attachments
Industrial valves - Part-turn valve actuator attachments
Official edition
Standartinform
Foreword
1 DEVELOPED by Closed Joint Stock Company “Scientific and Production Company “Central Design Bureau of Valve Engineering” (CJSC “NPF “TsKBA”) on the basis of ST TsKBA 062-2009 “Pipeline fittings. Rotary drives. Connecting dimensions»
2 8NESEN Technical committee for standardization TC 259 "Pipe fittings and bellows"
3 APPROVED AND 8PUT INTO EFFECT by the Order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology of August 20, 2013 No. 529-st.
4 This standard takes into account the main regulatory provisions of the following international standards:
ISO 5210 Pipe fittings. Connecting dimensions of multi-turn actuators "(ISO 5210 Industrial valves - Multi-turn valve actuator attachments", NEQ):
ISO 5211, “Pipe fittings. Mounting dimensions of part-turn actuators" (ISO 5211 "Industrial valves - Part-turn valve actuator attachments", NEQ)
5 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME
The rules for the application of this standard are established by GOST R 1.0 - 2012 (section 8). Information about changes to this standard is published in the annual (as of January 1 of the current year) information index "National Standards", and the official text of the changes and amendments is published in the monthly information index "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard, a corresponding notice will be published in the next issue of the monthly information index "National Standards". Relevant information, notification and texts are also posted in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet (gost.ru).
© Standartinform. 2014
This standard cannot be fully or partially reproduced, replicated and distributed as an official publication without the permission of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology
1 ... 1 ... 1 ..2 16
1 area of use............................................... .........................................
3 Terms and definitions .......................................................... ................................................
4 Connection types............................................................... .........................................
5 Designation of connection types............................................................... ...................
Annex A (mandatory) Mounting dimensions of multi-turn
drives for types of connections MCh. MK. AC. AK. B. W. D. D ..........................
Bibliography
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Pipe fittings
ROTARY DRIVES
Mounting dimensions
pipeline valves. Drives of rotary action The connecting dimensions
Introduction date -2014-02-01
1 area of use
This standard applies to rotary actuators and actuators (hereinafter referred to as actuators) (multi-turn and semi-rotary, electric, pneumatic, hydraulic, as well as gearboxes) and establishes the types of actuator connections to pipeline valves, the connecting dimensions of the actuators and the dimensions of the mating connections of the pipeline valves controlled by them .
2 Normative references
This standard uses normative references to the following standards:
GOST R 52720-2007 Pipe fittings. Terms and Definitions
GOST 22042-76 Studs for parts with smooth holes. Accuracy class B. Design and dimensions
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the following terms are used with their respective
definitions:
3.3 multi-turn actuator May have the ability to withstand axial load (1).
3.4 part-turn actuator: A device that transmits torque when its output element is rotated one revolution or less, not having the ability to withstand an axial load.
3.5 gearbox
