Autonomous sewerage: components, schemes. How to build a homemade septic tank without pumping Ventilation of the sewer system

do-it-yourself installation of Autonomous sewerage

The sewerage system, which is an equally important element in the construction and arrangement of new buildings, must be carefully thought out at the initial stage of the design of the facility. Indeed, after the construction of a country house or cottage, and even more so, after the implementation of interior decoration, it will be too late to carry out engineering networks, without compromising the decorative and functional qualities of the building.

Wastewater disposal is necessary if the facility under construction will be used as housing. Indeed, without a kitchen, a bathroom, a bathroom, a shower, more than one good modern housing is unthinkable. So, do-it-yourself autonomous sewerage, made according to its own project, will solve many issues related to the withdrawal of sewer water. Especially its device is relevant if there is no central communication network nearby.

Modern sewer installations are able to create a design that allows you to purify sewage from organic compounds. The natural decomposition of organic substances occurs everywhere in nature, and the principle of this technology is based on the purification of water from contaminants, which in turn enter the soil and serve as a common fertilizer for the soil.

Autonomous sewerage will provide the owner with complete independence from the centralized communications system. In addition, he does not need regular pumping of wastewater, using special machines. It is not for nothing that the installation for such a sewage system is called a biopurification, which means the possibility of cleaning with the help of the natural environment, that is, natural microorganisms, without the use of any chemicals.

Autonomous sewerage - scheme.

Without some knowledge about the design of such a communication system, it will not work to perform an autonomous sewage system for a country house.

Errors made in the circuit can lead not only to the appearance of a disgusting smell or the accumulation of moisture, but also to the breakdown of the entire installation.

Therefore, the following tips must be taken into account when designing your own sewage system.

Scheme of the device of an autonomous system in a summer cottage

1. The soil where there will be a place for draining waste is important. Only in non-acidic and loose soil do many microorganisms live that can naturally process waste into organic matter. The soils are heavy and clayey - empty, that is, not saturated with beneficial bacteria and organisms.
2. Before designing, you should know; at what depth does groundwater flow in the area. It is also necessary to know the depth of freezing of the soil. This is important - after all, sewer pipes will need to be laid at such a depth.
3. The place for draining wastewater should be at a sufficient distance from the neighboring site, from own buildings. If there is a well or reservoir on the site, then waste should not be drained near them.
4. The cesspool should be built using concrete rings or bricks, which will provide it with excellent sealing.
5. You should pay attention to the installation of sewer pipes and other outlet devices - only their correct installation can create a high-quality waste disposal system.
6. It is impossible not to take into account the size of the family living in a particular house; after all, the capacity of the sewer system must be carried out taking it into account.
7. A well for water filtration is necessary in the case of high-lying groundwater.

Elements for the device of this system.

The subsystem, which is located inside the room, should contain such elements as: a ventilation system, collectors, siphons to neutralize excess moisture, outlets, water outlets, risers, pipelines.

The external subsystem includes the following elements: a pipeline, a treatment facility with a septic tank, a ditch with a drainage bottom, filters, a structure for bio-treatment of waste, a pump - if necessary.

The device of the external sewer system - the main points.

Laying sewer pipes

First of all, you should equip a pit, that is, a place for draining water, and the above tips will help the home master in this. A septic tank is laid in the pit, and pipes for sewerage are brought in. The rule for laying pipes is that the sewer pipe should have as few sharp turns as possible, as they significantly slow down the rate of passage of waste water and subsequently cause blockage of the pipeline. It is in such places that waste particles accumulate.

Today, pipes made of polyvinyl chloride and having a diameter of about ten centimeters are widely used for sewerage. The peculiarity of PVC pipes is their non-freezing in winter, of course, provided that there is no stagnant water. But, despite this, the depth of their location should be at a level where the soil no longer freezes.

As you know, the peculiarity of any soil is its instability and subsidence, therefore, the pipeline should be embedded in sand, which must be well compacted in advance. If this is not done, then later it is possible to change the slope of the sewer external pipeline, which will cause a breakdown of the entire autonomous sewage system. In addition to sand, the pipeline can be laid on crushed stone ballast or sand with a large granular structure. In no case do not use clay soil or black soil. It is also not recommended to lay pipes on boards or stones.

septic tank in winter

It would seem that a solid base should serve as an excellent support for the pipe, but this is not so; the pressure of the soil located on top of the pipe will lead to its deformation.

Septic tank in winter.

The operation of a septic tank in the cold season has its own characteristics; so that it does not freeze, one cannot do with insulation; without fail, it is necessary to arrange the heating of the sewer system or carefully insulate it with a heater. In addition, the septic tank is a tasty morsel for rats and mice, so the layout of poison against rodents is also necessary.

To prevent freezing, a cable connected to an electrical supply is placed under the pipes that are on the street, capable of maintaining the optimum temperature automatically.

Installation of the internal subsystem of autonomous sewerage.

The best way to mount autonomous sewerage- this is its design at the initial stage of construction of a cottage or a country wooden house. Then, following the tips below, the owner of a new home will be able to get a functional communication system.

To prevent blockages in the pipelines, it is not necessary to throw bags, rags, and large debris into the toilet or sink. Animal fat is also a cause of clogging of sewer pipes, as it tends to accumulate on the walls. Therefore, water containing the remains of animal fat is not recommended to be drained into the sewer. But hot water is able to dissolve fatty deposits and remove them from the pipeline. Therefore, from time to time, very hot water should be poured into the sink.

Sewerage "Topaz".

An autonomous sewage system called "Topaz" has already established itself in the Russian construction market as a functional system for water purification. For the production of pipes, polypropylene is used here, which is a very high-quality synthetic material, characterized by good strength, thermal conductivity, as well as lightness in weight and installation. The Topaz septic tank is a system made of environmentally friendly materials. Watch the installation video:

Such an autonomous system is capable of qualitatively purifying water, which is quite suitable for watering country plants. Perfectly coping with water purification, Topaz consumes very little electrical energy, so it is the most economical sewer system among similar designs.

Owners of country houses or cottages who use this sewer do not need the help of sewage equipment. In addition to the above advantages, the following can also be distinguished - the system does not make much noise, is relatively easy to install, and compact.

A well-equipped autonomous sewage system is the most important tool that allows the owner of a private plot to effectively solve the problems of diverting and treating wastewater. Only after the creation of a private sewage system does the house become a truly comfortable and well-appointed housing, fully compliant with all applicable standards.

Thanks to the sewerage system, residents have the opportunity to use water without any kind of restrictions: install hydroboxes and bathtubs, washing machines, etc.

With the arrangement of an elementary autonomous sewage system, you can cope without outside help. All work comes down to installing the tank, laying pipes and ensuring the correct functioning of the created complex.

Requirements for autonomous sewerage

Before proceeding with the arrangement of autonomous sewage, it is necessary to study the relevant information and draw conclusions regarding the effectiveness of one or another variety of existing systems.

Practical experience allowed us to sufficiently analyze the available data and draw a number of important conclusions regarding what a truly efficient and high-quality autonomous

In order for the system to fully cope with all the tasks assigned to it, it must meet the following requirements:

Thus, a lot of different requirements are imposed on modern autonomous sewage. However, in practice, everything turns out to be much simpler than in theory.

Prices for septic tanks TOPAS

Autonomous sewer TOPAS

Ready sewer, equipped with all the recommendations, will serve without any complaints for the longest possible time. At the same time, the system will comply with the current sanitary and hygienic standards, which will save the owner from unpleasant proceedings with the relevant authorities.

How does autonomous sewerage work?

Modern sewer systems are compact, most convenient, practical and easy to install, as well as environmentally friendly. The systems that combine the functions of cleaning and supplying oxygen to working tanks are the most popular.

Such sewers are created using the highest quality materials. Usually the main material is polypropylene. It is characterized by excellent indicators of strength, environmental friendliness, thermal conductivity and has a small weight.

A wide range of different biological wastewater treatment plants is presented on the modern market. Moreover, they all function according to approximately the same mechanism. Certain wastewater treatment plants are responsible for wastewater treatment, using organic waste as an energy source. These bacteria need oxygen to survive.

The wastewater treatment system works according to an extremely simple scheme. At the first stage, artificial saturation of wastewater with air necessary for life and bacteria is carried out. In the process of their development, bacteria eat and mineralize the organic matter that is part of the sewage water.

Such bio-stations are characterized by a very high rate of wastewater treatment. As a result, purified water can be used without any fear for watering garden plants or drained to a suitable place for this.

An additional advantage of an autonomous sewer system is the absence of the need to perform difficult to establish the optimal dimensions of the chamber and the estimated volume of wastewater.

Information about the design capacity of the station is given in its name. For example, one of the most famous wastewater treatment systems - Astra Sewerage 5 - will cope with the treatment of wastewater created by five users. And a highly productive station called Topaz 150 will be able to serve a dacha or cottage settlement for 150 inhabitants.

In order for an autonomous sewage system to fully cope with the solution of all the tasks assigned to it, the installation of its main elements must be carried out in accordance with a number of requirements, namely:

Guide to the arrangement of autonomous sewage

First step

Choose a place to install a septic tank. The minimum allowable distance from a septic tank to residential buildings and roads is 5 m, to garden trees - 3 m, to a water source - 50 m.

Second step

Start excavation work. The dimensions of the pit for installation must exceed the dimensions of the tank itself by 30 cm on each side.

Prices for septic tanks Alta Group

Autonomous sewerage Alta Group

The technology allows you to install a septic tank and a biofilter in a common pit.

Dig a trench for laying external pipes with a slope of 2 cm for every 100 cm of pipeline length.

Third step

Tamp the bottom of the pit and fill it with concrete. Place a plastic container on a hardened concrete pad. Additionally, secure the septic tank to the concrete base with cables.

Fourth step

Assemble the sewer system. Run the pipes according to your scheme. At the same stage, fill the biofilter blocks with expanded clay and bioactive absorbent.

Fifth step

Backfill with earth and sand or cement-sand mixture in layers. Tamp each layer of backfill carefully. At the same time, fill the septic tank with water to a level slightly higher than the level of the filled material.

Pipes are covered first with sand, and then with soil. It is not necessary to compact the backfill.

Connect pipes in the house according to the conditions of your situation. In this moment, everything is individual.

Find out, online, from our new article.

Prices for septic tanks EcoProm

Autonomous sewerage Ecoprom

Thus, there is absolutely nothing complicated in the self-made equipment of an autonomous sewer system. The finished complex will effectively cope with all the tasks assigned to it, saving the owner from a lot of trouble associated with wastewater treatment. Follow the instructions and everything will definitely work out.

Successful work!

Video - Do-it-yourself autonomous sewerage

DRAINAGE AND TREATMENT SYSTEM

Arranging an autonomous sewage system on the site is not as difficult as it might seem at first glance. The main thing is to think over and organize an effective and reliable system for the removal and treatment of wastewater.

Connecting a country house to a centralized sewer network is not often possible. So the device of an autonomous sewer system becomes a matter not only important, but also necessary.

It is necessary to think over the organization of the collection and disposal of wastewater from the bathroom, bathroom, kitchen at the initial stage of construction when marking the territory for the foundation. In this case, it will subsequently be possible to avoid unwanted redevelopment, additional labor-intensive work and financial costs.

On a note

When designing an autonomous sewage system, one should try to make sure that the maximum amount of dirty drains is discharged outside the house by gravity. In this case, it will not be necessary to connect the possible options

Wastewater is removed from the home in a variety of ways. If the central sewerage is not available, you can install a drainless septic tank (the drains are not cleaned, but settled and removed by sewers).

More advanced options are septic tanks for post-treatment in the ground and deep cleaning stations that allow you not to take out waste, but to dispose of it right here on the site. A number of factors will affect the final choice: the number of people living in the house, the mode of operation of the sewer, the size and topography of the territory, the level of groundwater, the type of soil on the site. As a result, it may turn out that the most modern option for one reason or another is impossible or does not make sense, and the simplest waste disposal systems will have to be considered.

The device of a cesspool outside the house:

1 - groundwater;

2 - gravel backfill;

3 - soil;

4 - a cesspool from a concrete ring;

5 - drain supply

cesspool

The easiest way to solve the problem is to install a conventional cesspool. It is a reservoir into which dirty drains are discharged. As the pit fills up, its contents are pumped out and taken out of the site. The advantages of the design are simplicity and low cost, it can be arranged on almost any soil (except for areas with a high - above 2.5 m - groundwater level).

For a modern comfortable country house, this method of waste disposal is not suitable: the process of cleaning the cesspool is accompanied by unpleasant odors, and even in normal operation, the pit is their constant source. Nevertheless, in summer cottages with small summer houses, a cesspool still retains its relevance as an inexpensive option for arranging a summer outdoor toilet.

OUR ADVICE

It is important to ensure the ventilation of the cesspool. To do this, a riser is installed in the overlap of the drive from a pipe with a diameter of 100 mm and it is brought out 70 mm above ground level.

PIT DEVICE

The cesspool is equipped in the form of a sealed container (a storage device without a bottom is prohibited).

The depth of the well should not exceed 3 m, so that it is convenient to take the drains with the help of a sewage truck. The supply of drains is usually arranged as high as possible - this allows you to use the entire volume of the tank as efficiently as possible. The walls of the storage tank are constructed from monolithic concrete, solid clay bricks or ready-made reinforced concrete rings with internal and external waterproofing with bituminous mastics.

After laying the reinforcement, the bottom is poured with concrete (it is better to buy concrete rings with a finished bottom). The accumulator is covered with a lid and thermally insulated with mineral wool or foam plastic. To control the filling level of the pit, you can install a float switch.

SINK PIT WITH OWN HANDS - VIDEO

DRAINLESS SEPTIC

For those for whom a “pit in the yard” device is not suitable, there are two options for an autonomous sewage system - an individual treatment system or a drainless septic tank (sump). Treatment plants are convenient and environmentally friendly, but they can not always be installed. The limiting factor may be too small a plot, unsuitable ground and water conditions and economic inexpediency (small family, summer cottage, owners often leave home).

All that remains in this case is to install a factory-made storage tank (non-drainage septic tank). In fact, this is the same cesspool, periodically emptied with the help of a sewage truck, but ennobled and more convenient. Ready-made solutions compare favorably with concrete-brick "home-made" ones with absolute tightness and low weight.

Advantages of a drainless septic tank

• · Energy independence, you can leave for an indefinite period.
• · You can use chemicals to clean the sewer.
• It is important to control the filling of the septic tank and call the sewage truck in time.

Manufacturing materials

Septic tanks during use are subjected to serious mechanical and chemical stress, so they must be durable, sealed, inert to moisture, aggressive chemical environments and biologically active substances. On sale you can find both metal and plastic storage tanks for sewage made of polyethylene, polypropylene and fiberglass

Metal products are durable, but corrode. Plastic containers boast a number of valuable properties. They do not have welded seams and are highly durable. Additional stiffening ribs help them resist mechanical loads. The least durable products are made of polypropylene, but they withstand higher temperatures than their polyethylene counterparts. The most durable (but also the most expensive) are fiberglass tanks.

INSTALLATION

Plastic drives can be installed independently. They are not very resistant to mechanical stress, so it is important to comply with the installation depth requirements. Usually, manufacturers indicate what layer of earth can be safely laid on top of the sump. Before filling the container with soil, it is filled with water. The low weight of storage septic tanks is their advantage, since it allows you to do without lifting equipment. But it also turns into a disadvantage in areas with a high level of groundwater. So that in the spring the sump does not float along with the incoming water, it is attached to an anchor reinforced concrete slab.

A slab with an inspection hatch is also laid on top.

CHOOSE THE VOLUME

On sale you can find plastic tanks with a volume of 1 to 70 m3 or more. Small containers can be connected to each other to obtain the required volume.

The volume of the reservoir should allow the accumulation of effluents for 10-14 days. It is believed that one person consumes about 200 liters per day. For a family of 4, a tank of 8 m3 is suitable (200 l x 4 people x 10 days). If the house is not used constantly, but only for the weekend, the volume can be reduced to 2 m3. When buying a tank, it is useful to focus on the capacity of the local sewage truck in order to avoid unnecessary costs for emptying the sump.

If the entrance of the sewage truck to the site is difficult, a quick coupling is used, which is installed in the fence from the side of the road and connected to the septic tank by a pipe laid in the ground.

Finished tanks are equipped with an inspection hatch

SUBTLETS OF OPERATION

When operating a drainless septic tank, it is important not to overfill it.

If drains flood the inlet of the tank, unpleasant odors will spread around - neither a sealed hatch nor ventilation will help. At the same time, sewage can go by car and back to the house, and at a low settled temperature, it can freeze for irrigation. 1 in the pipe. The contents are taken out by a sewage truck, it is impossible to use settled water even for irrigation. To speed up the conversion of wastewater to sludge, special bacteria can be placed in the container.

WHICH VOC SYSTEM TO CHOOSE

Simultaneously with the decision of the question of where to get water, the summer resident is faced with the problem of where to hide the waste. Because, whatever one may say, without solving the “toilet issue”, you won’t get a carefree life in the country.

The easiest way, of course, is to use a centralized sewer network. But this is not always possible. Therefore, it remains either, having chipped in with neighbors, to equip treatment facilities for several houses, or to lay sewers only for themselves. The latter is preferable, because, firstly, you do not depend on anyone and determine the location of the treatment facilities where it is more convenient, and secondly, it is quite possible to do it alone, and it will not take much time to build. In general, it makes sense to take care of installing a septic tank or a local treatment system (VOC), albeit the simplest one.

INSTALLING A SEPTIC WITH YOUR HANDS (TANK) - VIDEO

FROM THE NETWORK

All VOCs are volatile and consume, as a rule, about 100 W of electricity.

Therefore, it is better to install them in areas with centralized power supply. Otherwise, it is better to opt for a conventional septic tank, where the drains will be drained using a special pump or by gravity through pipes for settling and partial fermentation under anaerobic conditions. True, in such a system, wastewater is cleaned only by 50-65%. and for the removal of undissolved fractions, you have to regularly call a sewage truck, which, you see, is not very convenient.

VOC UTONOR. SAKO (Finland)

Made from high density polyethylene.

It consists of separate chambers through which wastewater flows, where it is clarified and, through a distribution well and a pipeline system, enters a specially prepared soil filter for further purification. Then they are brought into the ground.

Has a number of advantages:

It can be used year-round, because due to the fermentation processes taking place inside the chambers, the temperature inside the sump is constantly increased, and it does not freeze.

For year-round operation, it is sufficient to empty the system twice a year.

Bacteria in such a system die by almost 100%, phosphorus is neutralized by almost 90%, and the nitrogen content is reduced by 20-30%.

The system is inexpensive, easy to install, but quite effective.

JPR SYSTEM (POLAND)

Cleaning takes place in two stages: first in a septic tank, then in a biofilter, if there is no possibility of filtering drainage. There are various options for such systems (from 1 to 60 cubic meters), allowing you to install treatment plants for small private cottages, and for entire villages. The advantages of this system include:

1. Long service life - more than 30 years, as the waste container is made of high density polyethylene.

2. The use of electricity is minimal - the equipment works by gravity.

Z. There is no complex system of pipes and additional pumps, which means higher reliability and maintainability.

4. Easy to install and can be installed in any type of ground.

5. The septic tank has a ventilation system that eliminates odors.

6. If you abandon the filter drainage device and use a biofilter, then the degree of purification will be 95-98%.

LOS TOPAS (RUSSIA)

It is made of polypropylene with the made foam inner layer.

There are five compartments: for the accumulation and equalization of wastewater; for aeration; for biological treatment using activated sludge; for the accumulation of excess activated sludge; sump for clean water. The essence of the system is aerobic purification with technological pauses, during which the effective removal of nitrates and nitrites obtained by the decomposition of ammonium nitrogen compounds takes place. The advantage of this system is that:

Installation can be carried out in any type of soil and any climatic zones.

Provides a very high degree of wastewater treatment - up to 98%.

The type of treatment facilities does not spoil the aesthetics of the suburban area, since all pipes pass underground, and only a green hatch comes to the surface.

BIOTAL RUSSIA

This is a cylindrical container made of polypropylene, which is installed directly on the site. It has four zones, in which three reactors and a sump are located. The house has an automation unit and a compressor.

The value of this setup is that:

1. She turns waste into income. After passing through it, wastewater is converted into water for irrigation and other household needs, as well as organic sludge, which, after composting, becomes fertilizer for the garden.

2. Its installation can be done manually, since VOC has overall dimensions and weight.

3. It is also used in conditions of rising groundwater, as it is mounted in reinforced concrete rings and rigidly cemented.

4. The system is fully automated and has a very long service life, allowing it to be used by more than one generation of dacha or country house owners.

5. During operation, no consumables are used and there are no unpleasant odors.

6. It provides flawless wastewater treatment - up to 99%.

7. A sewage truck is not required to remove cleaning products.

Important! Cleaning the bags from waste excess sludge is necessary no more than 2-3 times a year.

Important! To work in BIOTAL, you do not need to fill in or add any consumables.

ROSTOK (RUSSIA)

It is a non-volatile system in which wastewater from the sewerage of a country house goes through two stages of treatment. The first stage takes place in the "Rostok" septic tank. Thanks to the mechanical sedimentation of suspensions, under the action of gravity, a special system of overflows and filtration through synthetic loading, effluents are cleaned by 90%. Further, the clarified water by gravity enters the biofilter, where they are further purified to 98%. The post-treatment process is based on the principle of biochemical water filtration through a load (special bioactive absorbent).

The replacement period of the filter media is 15-20 years, depending on the intensity of use.

The absence of volatile equipment in the system allows the system to treat wastewater without loss of quality during a power outage. Anaerobic bacteria present in the septic tank do not participate in the process of cleaning wastewater from suspended matter, therefore, a long absence of users (for example, in winter) or discharge of chemically active substances into the system does not affect the operation of Rostok JSC.

DRAINAGE SYSTEM DEVICE

1 - LOS

2 - drainage well

3 - compressor

4 - waste water

5 - purified water

Many owners of suburban real estate are interested in the question of how an autonomous sewage system is installed with their own hands, without the help of specialists. In order for the septic tank to function normally, a certain temperature of the environment of the septic tank itself is required, which is approximately 50C. At this temperature, the process of waste decomposition occurs, in just two weeks, and at a lower temperature of 20C, the waste decomposes more slowly, so in this case it may take several months to decompose.

It is good if hot water is used in a country house, because the drains will be very warm and, among other things, during the reactions taking place in the second chamber, it releases the heat necessary to achieve the decomposition process. Therefore, in order to maintain "useful" heat, it is necessary to carefully insulate the septic tank.

So let's say your home doesn't have a bathtub and you have to limit yourself to just a shower. Let's try to calculate the volume of the septic tank.

1. In this case, the water consumption, per person, will be almost 100 liters per day.
2. Therefore, for an average family of three, the daily water consumption will be 300 liters.
3. And in two weeks about 4500 liters will come out.
4. On the basis of such simple calculations, we will draw the appropriate conclusion. For a family of 3 people, you will need three chambers with a volume of 4500 liters, respectively.

Advice. The septic tank must be three-chamber. One chamber will be used for decay, without access to oxygen, the second (chamber with aeration) will be suitable for ensuring the process of fermentation and oxidation of soap, and the accumulated purified water will settle in the third.

Why not buy a septic tank? Why do it yourself?

Autonomous sewerage systems for cottages and summer cottages, available at retail, are designed for relatively low water consumption, so they will not work for full autonomous use of sewage in a country house with an urban level of comfort.

The most important reason why it is simply not possible to find and buy a septic tank with a volume of 14 m 3 at an affordable price, and plus, there is a problem with the delivery of such an overall product. And from an economic point of view, it is more profitable to independently build a septic tank at the place of its installation than to carry it tens or even hundreds of kilometers away.

The location of the septic tank, drain. Do-it-yourself sewerage device.

Consider the stages of self-production of sewage:

1. It is best if the septic tank, consisting of three barrels with a capacity of 4500 liters, is not buried in the ground, but is installed on the surface of the earth itself and insulated, since it is such an autonomous sewerage device that is much cheaper and easier due to the absence of expensive earthworks.
2. Ready-made plastic containers for drains, suitable for you in terms of volume, can be purchased or made independently. If you want to make them yourself, then this will require a "box" of the size you need.
3. In this case, you need three boxes measuring 1 x 2x2.5 meters, which can be made of concrete or a wooden beam 10 by 10 cm thick. It is necessary to fasten the beam very securely, since almost 5 tons of liquid will press on it.
4. The inside of the boxes should be covered with a film for ponds and pools, which is better not to be glued from parts, but purchased immediately in a single piece, let the folds be better.
5. Next, we carry out the installation of an autonomous sewage system, for this, a foundation should be made under the septic tank in advance, for which a concrete platform filled to the size of all three containers may be suitable. You will not have to dig absolutely anything, you will only need to spread geotextiles on the ground at the place of pouring, leaving a margin over the entire meter on each side.
6. After that, it is necessary to scatter sand gravel over the size of the platform with a thickness of 10-15 cm and tamp it, then tuck the geotextile so that the sand on it does not spill over the edges. The need for geotextiles is due to the fact that sand gravel cannot mix with the soil in any way.
7. Formwork should be installed along the entire edge of the platform, after which it is necessary to lay reinforcement on the prepared sandstone substrate and pour it with concrete. As a result, you will get an excellent platform lying on a sand and gravel substrate.
8. After all the above work, we put sheets of polyurethane foam in such a way that we end up with a thickness of 15 cm. Next, you can use the armored aluminum film Armofol, it will turn out even warmer.
9. Tanks are installed or built on top of polyurethane foam. If as a result the foam substrate slightly chokes, then it's okay, the most important thing is that it does not completely split. It is for this reason that it is worth choosing a more durable material for the substrate, since 14,000 liters of liquid will press on it.
10. Further, the design you received, on all sides, must be overlaid with ordinary foam, from the inside you can additionally put armofol. Styrofoam should not be placed between the barrels.

If you still want to bury your containers in the ground, you will have to do all the same work, only after digging a pit of the appropriate size.

Winter septic tank

It is worth paying great attention to the operation of the septic tank in winter, as a well-insulated septic tank will work well. If you rarely come, then it is necessary to provide for the heating of the entire, i.e. septic tank, otherwise it will freeze.

Advice. During the construction of the structure, it is necessary to carefully lay poison inside it for unwanted "rodent guests". Otherwise, the autonomous sewerage of the septic tank will be completely damaged. Pipes located outdoors should not only be insulated, but a heating cable should be laid under them.

Now on sale there are such specialized heating cables that are connected to the home power supply and are able to automatically maintain the required temperature.

The design of a homemade septic tank

The autonomous sewage scheme consists of three tanks.

• the first is a closed reactor into which no air enters; the second is a reactor with built-in forced oxygen supply;
• the third is a sump-accumulator for already purified liquid, suitable for irrigation or discharge into a roadside ditch.

The septic tanks of an autonomous or private house, in turn, are not directly connected to each other, so the contents will have to be transferred “manually”, repeating this process once a week, by starting the pumps. Here is the transfer algorithm.

1. The third barrel is partially emptied in a week of operation, so it is necessary to turn on the pump located in the second tank, from which the water will flow into the third, where it will settle.
2. In the second barrel, only half of its contents should be left as the so-called sourdough, in order to retain the bacteria necessary for fermentation.
3. After that, the pump is turned off in the second tank and in the first one to pump out half of the contents from the first barrel to the second.
4. Then we turn off the pump of the first barrel, and after that we turn on the pump in the pit, where wastewater accumulates.
5. In conclusion, the pit is emptied, and waste is pumped from it, back into the first barrel.

Air is supplied to the second barrel by a blower, which is necessary to maintain the fermentation and oxidation process. It is enough to serve it for 1 hour twice a day.

A pipe should be installed on top of the septic tank for natural ventilation, since specific gases are released during decay and fermentation.

Purchased septic tank

The dream of any summer resident is a smoothly functioning sewerage system. To save money, many are trying to equip the sewer system with their own hands by building a storage well from improvised means. The choice in this case is small - simpler in execution, or a multi-chamber septic tank with the ability to filter liquid into the ground.

Obsolete cesspools require increased attention during maintenance - the storage tank overflows quite often. In such cases, it is required to call a sewer or clean the pit on your own. It is difficult to call this work pleasant.