Russian agriculture
The agriculture has been and remains a very important sector of the Russian economy. Many of our agriculture products are well known in other countries. Russia can cultivate practically all known farm crops due to various climatic parameters on its large territory. Our country cultivates different kinds of cereals (rye, oats, wheat, barley, maize, etc.), vegetables (potatoes, beets, carrots, tomatoes, onions, cucumbers, cabbage, etc.), fruits (apples, pears, plums, peaches, etc.) and very many kinds of berries.
Agriculture has been and remains a very important sector of the Russian economy. Many of our agricultural products are well known in other countries. Russia can grow almost every known agricultural crop due to the diverse climatic conditions in its vast territory. Our country grows various varieties of cereals (rye, oats, wheat, barley, corn, etc.), vegetables (potatoes, beets, carrots, tomatoes, onions, cucumbers, cabbage, etc.), fruits (apples, pears , plums, peaches, etc.) and a lot of varieties of berries.
Animal breeding is a very important field of our agriculture. Cattle farming and poultry farming give us various kinds of meat (beef, lamb, pork, turkey, etc.), eggs and milk.
Animal husbandry is a very important area of our agriculture. Livestock and poultry farming provide us with various types of meat (beef, lamb, pork, turkey meat, etc.), eggs and milk.
There are many big agricultural enterprises and many small private farms in Russia. The number of these private farms tends to increase.
Russia has many large agricultural enterprises and many small private farms. The number of such private farms tends to increase.
The modern agriculture in Russia has many critical problems. The deficit of agricultural machinery belongs to the most difficult problems. The condition of agricultural machinery in Russia is very poor and the high cost makes the rate of its replacement week and slow. But the citizens of Russia believe that the Russian agriculture will solve all existing problems in the future.
Modern agriculture in Russia demonstrates many serious (critical) problems. The shortage of agricultural machinery is one of the most difficult problems. The state of agricultural machinery in Russia is very deplorable, and the high cost makes the pace of its replacement and renewal weak and slow. But Russian citizens believe that Russian agriculture will solve all existing problems in the future.
English text with translation
We offer you three scientific articles in English with translation. Although the topics of these articles are quite complex, the articles are easy to use and are specially adapted for English learners. The first scientific article in physics is about black holes, the second scientific article is in biology, the third scientific article in English is on ecology, and specifically -
You may also be interested in the following scientific articles in English with translation into Russian:,.
Scientific article about Black Holes (Black Holes) in English with translation
Black holes are areas in the universe where gravity pulls in everything, even light. Nothing can get out and all objects are squeezed into a tiny space. Because there is no light in black holes, we cannot see them. But scientists can detect the immense gravity and radiation around them. They are the most mysterious objects in astronomy. Scientists think that the first black holes were formed when the universe began about 13 billion of years ago.
Albert Einstein was the first scientist to predict that black holes existed. But it was in 1971 that the first black hole was actually discovered.
Black holes can have various sizes, some may be even as small as an atom. But they all have one thing in common - a very large mass.
Black holes are regions in the universe where gravity pulls everything in, even light. Nothing can escape and all objects are compressed into a tiny space. Since there is no light in black holes, we cannot see them. But scientists can detect the enormous gravity and radiation around them. These are the most mysterious objects in astronomy. Scientists believe that the first black holes were formed when the universe was born about 13 billion years ago.
Albert Einstein was the first scientist to predict that black holes exist. But the first black hole was discovered only in 1971.
Black holes can be of various sizes, some can even be as small as an atom. But they all have one thing in common - a very large mass.
There are three kinds of black holes (There are three types of black holes):
A stellar occurs when very large stars burn away the rest of the fuel that they have and collapse. It is so massive that several of our suns could fit in it. Our sun, however, could never become a stellar because it is too small.
supermassives are the largest and most dominant black holes in our universe. They have masses of a million or more suns put together. Every galaxy has a supermassive in its centre. As they become larger and larger they pull in more material. The black hole at the center of our Milky Way is four million times as massive as our sun and surrounded by very hot gas.
Intermediate-mass black holes have not been found yet, but scientists think they probably exist. They have the mass of between a hundred and a thousand suns.
stellar mass black holes occur when very large stars burn off the remaining fuel they have and collapse. They are so massive that several of our suns can fit into them. However, our sun can never become a black hole because it is too small.
supermassive are the largest and most dominant black holes in our universe. There are millions or more suns in them, gathered together. Every galaxy has a supermassive black hole at its center. As they get bigger and bigger, they attract more matter. The black hole at the center of our Milky Way is four million times more massive than our sun and is surrounded by very hot gas.
Medium black holes have not yet been found by mass, but scientists believe they most likely exist. They have a mass of one hundred to a thousand suns.
A black hole consists of three parts (A black hole consists of three parts):
The outer event horizon is the farthest away from the centre. Gravity here is not so strong and you would be able to escape from it.
The inner event horizon is the middle part of a black hole. In this area, an object would be slowly pulled to the centre.
The singularity is the center of a black hole, where gravity is strongest.
Outer event horizon located farthest from the center. The force of attraction is not so strong here, and you could escape from it.
Inner event horizon is the middle part of a black hole. In this area, the object will slowly pull towards the center.
Singularity The center of a black hole, where gravity is strongest.
Scientific article in English with translation on the topic "Organic Farming and Food" (Organic farming and food)
In organic farming, crops, meat and other food are produced without chemicals. Fertilizers, pesticides, growth hormones and antibiotics are forbidden. During thousands of years of civilization, the raising of animals and growing of plants have always been organic.
Chemicals for farming first came up at the turn of the 20th century. Widespread use of chemicals began after World War II.
In the 1950s and 60s, farmers started using chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Recently, however, more and more farmers have been returning to more natural ways of producing farm products.
In organic farming, crops, meat and other products are produced without chemicals. Fertilizers, pesticides, growth hormones and antibiotics are prohibited. Throughout the millennia of civilization, raising animals and growing plants has always been organic.
Agricultural chemicals first appeared at the turn of the 20th century. The widespread use of chemicals began after World War II.
In the 1950s and 60s, farmers began to use chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Recently, however, more and more farmers are returning to more natural ways of producing agricultural products.
Organic farming methods (Organic farming methods)
Instead of chemicals, organic farming uses a lot of organic matter to give crops the nutrients that they need to grow. Clover, for example, has a lot of nitrogen in it and farmers use it to make the soil better. Manure from animals and compost are also used to enrich the soil. These fertilizers also help conserve the soil, not destroy it after a few years.
Instead of chemicals, organic farming uses a lot of organic matter to give crops the nutrients they need to grow. Clover, for example, has a lot of nitrogen, and farmers use it to improve the soil. Animal manure and compost are also used to enrich the soil. These fertilizers also help preserve the soil, rather than destroy it after a few years.
Organic farmers also use crop rotation to preserve the good qualities of soils and avoid monoculture.
Chemical pesticides destroy or weaken many of the natural enemies of pests, like birds or frogs. They also can kill those insects that control a great number of pests.
Organic farming creates new living areas for wasps, bugs, beetles and flies by giving them water and food.
Weeds are controlled by using special machines. Hay, straw and wood chips are put between the rows of plants to stop weeding.
Many agricultural products can be produced in an organic way. Meat, dairy products and eggs come from animals that are fed organically and can graze outdoors. They live in conditions that are natural to them. Cows, for example, are kept in pastures and fields. Vegetables and fruits are also produced with organic methods.
Organic farmers also use crop rotation to maintain good soil quality and avoid monoculture.
Chemical pesticides destroy or weaken natural enemies of pests such as birds and frogs. They can also kill those insects that control a large number of pests.
Organic farming creates new habitats for wasps, beetles and flies by providing them with water and food.
Weeds are controlled by special machines. Hay, straw and wood chips are placed between the rows of plants so as not to be weeded. Many agricultural products can be produced organically. Meat, dairy and eggs come from animals that are organically fed and can graze outdoors. They live in conditions that are natural to them. Cows, for example, are kept in pastures and fields. Vegetables and fruits are also produced using organic methods.
Conventional versus organic farming (Conventional and organic farming)
conventional farmers
— apply chemical fertilizers to the soil to grow crops;
— spray crops with insecticides and pesticides to prevent them from being damaged by pests and disease;
- use herbicides to stop the growth of weeds.
organic farmers
— build soil with natural fertilizers in order to grow crops;
- rely on the natural enemies of pests;
- use crop rotation to conserve soil;
- pull out weeds by hand.
ordinary farmers
- apply chemical fertilizers to the soil for growing crops;
- spray crops with insecticides and pesticides to prevent damage by pests and diseases;
use herbicides to stop the growth of weeds.
organic farmers
– create soil using natural fertilizers for growing crops;
- rely on natural enemies of pests;
use crop rotation to conserve soil;
- weeding by hand.
Advantages of organic farming
- Farmers can reduce their production costs because they do not need to buy expensive chemicals and fertilizers.
— Healthier farm workers.
— In the long term, organic farms save energy and protect the environment.
— It can slow down global warming.
Fewer residues in food.
- More animals and plants can live in the same place in a natural way. This is called biodiversity.
- Pollution of ground water is stopped.
Benefits of Organic Farming
Farmers can lower their production costs because they don't have to buy expensive chemicals and fertilizers.
— Healthy agricultural workers.
“In the long run, organic farms save energy and protect the environment.
— It can slow down global warming.
- Less leftover food.
More animals and plants can live in the same place naturally. This is called biodiversity.
- Stops groundwater pollution.
Disadvantages of organic farming
— Organic food is more expensive because farmers do not get as much out of their land as conventional farmers do. Organic products may cost up to 40% more.
- Production costs are higher because farmers need more workers.
— Marketing and distribution are not efficient because organic food is produced in smaller amounts.
Food illnesses may happen more often.
- Organic farming cannot produce enough food that the world's population needs to survive. This could lead to starvation in countries that produce enough food today.
Disadvantages of organic farming
“Organic food is more expensive because farmers don't get as much from the land as regular farmers. Organic products can cost up to 40% more.
- Production costs are higher because farmers need more workers.
— Marketing and distribution is not effective as organic food is produced in small quantities.
- Illnesses from products can happen more often.
“Organic agriculture cannot produce enough food that the world's population needs to survive. This could lead to starvation in countries that produce enough food today.
About 1-2% of the world's food is produced with organic methods. The market, however, is growing very quickly - by about 20% a year. In Europe, Austria (11%), Italy (9%) and the Czech Republic (7%) are the countries in which organic food production as it is its highest.
About 1-2% of the world's food is produced organically. However, the market is growing very fast - about 20% per year. In Europe, Austria (11%), Italy (9%) and the Czech Republic (7%) are the countries with the highest organic food production.
Scientific article in English with translation about Air Pollution (Air pollution)
Air pollution is caused by many things:
— the increasing number of cars on our roads;
— growing cities;
— the fast development of our economy;
— industrialisation.
Air pollution, as we know it today, started with the Industrial Revolution in Europe in the 19th century. In the last few decades, it has become the major problem for our environment.
Air pollution is caused by many things:
- an increasing number of cars on our roads;
- growing cities;
- the rapid development of our economy;
- industrialization.
Air pollution as we know it today began with the Industrial Revolution in Europe in the 19th century. In the last few decades, this has become a major problem for our environment.
Scientific Articles in English with Translation - pollution, part 2
Clean air is normally made up of nitrogen (76%), oxygen (22%), carbon dioxide and a few other gases.
When harmful elements get into the air they may cause health problems and can also damage the environment, buildings and soil. They make the ozone layer thinner and thinner and lead to the warming of the earth's atmosphere and climate changes.
Our modern lifestyle has led to dirtier air over the years. Factories, vehicles of all kinds, the growing number of people are some things that are responsible for air pollution today. But not all pollution in the air is caused by people. Forest fires, dust storms and volcano eruptions can lead to the pollution of the atmosphere.
Clean air is usually composed of nitrogen (76%), oxygen (22%), carbon dioxide and a few other gases.
When harmful elements enter the air, they can cause health problems and can also damage the environment, buildings, and soil. They make the ozone layer thinner and thinner and lead to atmospheric warming and climate change.
Over the years, our modern lifestyle has led to air pollution. Factories, vehicles of all kinds, a growing number of people are the things that are responsible for air pollution today. But not all air pollution is caused by humans. Forest fires, dust storms and volcanic eruptions can lead to atmospheric pollution.
Major pollutants and where they come from - Major pollutants and where they come from
Carbon monoxide is a colorless gas that is set free when wood, petrol or coal are not completely burned. It is also in products like cigarettes. Because of it, less oxygen enters our blood and it makes us confused and sleepy.
Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that gets into the atmosphere when we burn coal, oil or wood.
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are gases that come from air-conditioning systems or refrigerators. When they get into the air they rise high into the atmosphere (about 20-50 km above the earth's surface). There, they get into contact with other gases and destroy the ozone layer. We need the ozone layer because it protects us from the sun's ultraviolet rays.
Carbon monoxide is a colorless gas that is released when wood, gasoline or coal is not completely burned. The same thing happens in cigarettes. Because of this, less oxygen enters our bloodstream and it makes us disorganized and sleepy.
Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that enters the atmosphere when we burn coal, oil or wood.
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are gases from air conditioning systems or refrigerators. When they rise into the air, they rise high into the atmosphere (about 20-50 km above the earth's surface). There they come into contact with other gases and destroy the ozone layer. We need the ozone layer because it protects us from the sun's ultraviolet rays.
Lead is in petrol, paint, batteries and other products. It is very dangerous if it gets into our bodies. In some cases, it can even cause cancer.
There are two types of ozone that we know of: Natural ozone is in the upper part of our atmosphere, but on the ground, people produce ozone too. Traffic and factories cause ground ozone. It is especially dangerous to children and older people. It makes them tired and doctors suggest not to go outdoors when there is too much ozone in the air.
Lead is found in gasoline, paint, batteries and other products. It is very dangerous when it enters our bodies. In some cases, it can even cause cancer.
We know of two types of ozone: natural ozone is found at the top of our atmosphere, but on earth, humans also produce ozone. Traffic and factories cause the ozone layer. This is especially dangerous for children and the elderly. This makes them tired, and doctors suggest not going outside when there is too much ozone in the air.
Nitrogen oxide causes smog and acid rain. It is produced when you burn fuels like coal and oil. It can lead to breathing problems especially when children go outside in the wintertime.
Sulfur dioxide is a gas that gets into the air when coal is burned in power plants. Paper factories and other chemical industries also produce sulfur dioxide. This pollutant can lead to lung diseases.
Nitric oxide causes smog and acid rain. It is produced by burning fuels such as coal and oil. This can lead to breathing problems, especially when children go outside in the winter.
Sulfur dioxide is a gas that is released into the air when coal is burned in power plants. Paper mills and other chemical industries also produce sulfur dioxide. This pollutant can lead to lung disease.
acid rain
Another result of air pollution is acid rain. It happens when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide get into the air. When it rains the water that comes down on us has these dangerous substances in it.
Acid rain can also be caused by volcanic eruptions. Volcanoes send poisonous gases high up into the atmosphere.
Acid rain leads to the destruction of forests, lakes and soil. Many lakes and rivers have been poisoned over the decades and even some types of fish have disappeared. Buildings also corrode because of acid rain.
The pollutants can travel in the air for a long time before they come down to earth. That's why it's sometimes hard to tell where dangerous pollutants originate. Acid rain that destroys forests and lakes in Austria and Germany may come from power stations in Eastern European countries.
Another result of air pollution is acid rain. This happens when sulfur dioxide and nitric oxide are released into the air. When it rains, the water that falls on us contains these dangerous substances.
Acid rain can also be caused by volcanic eruptions. Volcanoes send poisonous gases high into the atmosphere.
Acid rain leads to the destruction of forests, lakes and soil. Many lakes and rivers have been poisoned over the decades, and even some fish species have disappeared. Buildings also corrode due to acid rain.
Pollutants can travel through the air for a long time before they land on the ground. That's why it's sometimes hard to tell where dangerous pollutants come from. Acid rain, which destroys forests and lakes in Austria and Germany, may come from power plants in Eastern Europe.
What can we do about air pollution? What can we do about air pollution?
The job of cleaning up our air is difficult but not impossible. Choosing other forms of energy, like solar energy, wind energy or tidal energy could be used for controlling pollution.
Cities like London have shown that better air quality can be achieved in a short time. But we individuals can also help make the air around us cleaner!
- Walk or ride a bike to school or to your friend's home.
— Take a bus or a train to work
— Organize carpools.
- Don't use spray cans anymore!
— Make sure that your parents get a pollution check on the car every year!
— Trees give us oxygen and take in carbon dioxide. They clean the air around us. Take care of them!
- Switch off the lights when you leave the room. Only use the number of lights that you really need.
- Don't overheat your room during the winter months. It's better to wear a pullover than to be in a room that is too warm.
The job of cleaning our air is difficult, but possible. A choice of other forms of energy such as solar, wind or tidal power can be used to combat pollution.
Cities like London have shown that better air quality can be achieved in a short amount of time. But we humans can also help make the air around us cleaner!
- Walking or cycling to school or to a friend;
— Travel to work by bus or train;
- Organize joint trips in cars;
- Do not use sprays!
Make sure your parents check the car for dirt every year!
Trees give us oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide. They purify the air around us. Take care of them!
- Turn off the lights when you leave the room. Use as much light as you really need.
Don't overheat your room during the winter months. It is better to wear a pullover than to be in a room that is too warm.
Smog
Smog is a combination of smoke and fog. It occurs when gases from burnt fuel get together with fog on the ground. When heat and sunlight get together with these gases, they form fine, dangerous particles in the air.
Smog occurs in big cities with a lot of traffic. Especially in the summertime, when it is very hot, could stays near the ground. It is dangerous to our breathing and in could areas, we can't see very well.
Smog was first discovered in Great Britain in the 19th century, during the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. At that time people used coal for heating and cooking. Factories also used coal to produce iron and steel.
Smoke got together with wet, foggy air and turned yellow. The could often stayed over cities for many days. It caused lung diseases and breathing problems. Thousands of people died in London every year.
Today, cities that have a high population and are located in hot, subtropical areas have the biggest smog problems-Los Angeles, Mexico City or Cairo.
A lot has been done to prevent could recently. Factories use coal that doesn't have that much sulfur in it. And cars are much cleaner today. In some cities, cars aren't even allowed to drive on smog days.
Smog is a combination of smoke and fog. This happens when the gases of the fuel being burned merge with the fog on the ground. When heat and sunlight combine with these gases, they form fine, dangerous particles in the air.
Smog is found in big cities with a lot of traffic. Especially in the summer, when it is very hot, smog is low above the ground. It is dangerous for our breathing and in areas of smog we cannot see very well.
Smog was first discovered in Britain in the 19th century, at the start of the Industrial Revolution. At that time, people used coal for heating and cooking. Factories also used coal to produce iron and steel. The smoke collected with the wet, misty air and turned yellow. Smog often remained over cities for many days. This caused lung disease and breathing problems. Every year thousands of people died in London.
Today, cities with a high population and located in hot subtropical areas have the biggest problems with smog - Los Angeles, Mexico City and Cairo.
Much has been done to prevent smog in recent times. Factories use coal, which does not have much sulfur. Cars today are much cleaner. Some cities don't even allow cars to be driven on smog days.
The source of a large number of scientific articles in English adapted for English learners is the site English Online. True, there are no translations into Russian on it, but Google Translator does a good job with translations. Recently, thanks to artificial intelligence, this translator has become very good at translating. So you can easily get any scientific articles in English with translation!
Writing an abstract in itself is not an easy task. And if you write a work in English, then honor and praise to you. We sympathize, because finding trustworthy English-language sources can be difficult. Therefore, the author of Skyeng Magazine, Olya Lysenko, has made for you a magnificent seven resources where you can find useful information.
1 Refseek
Nondescript minimalistic design, but appearances, as usual, are deceiving. This site has saved hundreds of thousands of schoolchildren and students. The principle of its work is simple - it is something like Google, only for academic sources. You just need to type in an approximate topic in the search and dig deep into the search results. There is a chance to find the information you need (for example, of course, and not for plagiarism).
2. How Stuff Works
Online cousin of the program of the same name on the Discovery Channel. Here you can find news, infographics and articles that explain how almost everything in the world functions - from a submarine to Queen Elizabeth II's love for corgi dogs. And there you can find answers to the most unexpected questions. For example, why do we have 10 fingers, and not, for example, 6 or 22.
It will be especially useful for those who look towards the natural sciences - in particular physics. But besides this, there is a lot of interesting information on ecology, biology, and engineering.
(c) Daniele D "Andreti
3.
One of the best academic search engines from the US Department of Education. More than 1.3 million articles, books, abstracts of speeches and other materials in all areas of science. The results can be filtered by a dozen parameters - year of publication, type of article, level of education, country, author. This site is best suited for finding publications on highly specialized topics.
4 Popular Science
An educational site for the curious about science, technology, health and the environment. News and articles from this resource will help to revive the abstract with little-known facts, current news and interesting examples. It will be difficult to write a whole essay based on them, but here you can look for information that will make school scientific work unique.
(c) Green Chameleon
5.
It is a search engine that brings together thousands of sites with academic content. The selection is not random: the list of these resources was made up of teachers, professors and librarians from all over the world. A great place to find accurate and up-to-date information in any discipline. Suitable for schoolchildren and university students.
6 Wolfram Alpha
A magic wand for clarifying absolutely any facts about people and phenomena. Like Wikipedia, only more scientific, broader and more detailed. Here you can find out everything from the intricacies of the anatomy of the brain to the height of Harriet Beecher Stowe. The categories cover not only scientific disciplines, but also topics such as home economics, entertainment, personal financial planning, sports, games and travel. All that is required is to enter a query in the search bar.
(c) Kyle Gregory Devaras
7.Jstor
Huge database of academic texts, books and articles in everything from history and physics to gender studies and marketing. You can find information about the most specific topics such as Asian theater, ethnobiology and architecture of the Alhambra. To use all these riches you need to register, but it's free.
Sign up for a free introductory lesson at Skyeng to become the best in class and on the course. At the same time, take a break from academics: our classes are fun.
At Skyeng, you can learn English through the most interesting channels and podcasts, study online with a personal teacher while sitting on the campus lawn, and prepare for exams without too much stress. Break a leg!
Full-text publications in foreign languages:
working papers, articles, book chapters
arXiv.org e-Print archive. Project of Cornell University (USA). Archive of articles on mathematics, physics, computer science, statistics, finance. Search according to the subject divisions. English language.
CogPrints. Archive of materials on philosophy, psychology, artificial intelligence, computer science, mathematics. Search according to the subject divisions. English language.
Department of Economics & Business. Repository of the Faculty of Economics and Business of Pompeu Fabra University (Spain). About 800 working papers. Section: Research, working papers. Language Spanish, English.
DOAJ. (Directory of Open Access Journals). Scientific journals with full text articles on chemistry, physics, mathematics, economics and business, philosophy, law, engineering and technology. There are 337 journals on economics and business. Language English, French, German.
EBSLG. European Universities and Business School Libraries Project. Working papers on economics and business. Part is freely available.
Economists Online. Bibliographic references to documents, many of which open the full texts. Language English, German, French, Spanish.
EcoPapers. Working papers, journal articles, book chapters. Some of the documents are freely available. English language.
Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek (Germany) . Project of the University Libraries of Regensburg and Munich. Scientific full-text journals in all branches of knowledge, about 1500 titles in total. Access to some of the magazines is free. Language English, German.
FINDARTICLES. CBS Center for Interactive Business Network BNET.com Library. Articles from the journals within the divisions: business and finance, education, computer technologies, society. English language.
Fisher College, Department of Finance. College of Economics, Ohio University (USA). Archive of financial preprints since 2006. English language.
Global Price and Income History Group. Project on the economic history of foreign countries (Middle Ages - mid-20th century). English language.
IDEAS. University of Connecticut (USA). Bibliographic database for economic sciences. Contains links to full-text materials: articles, working papers, book chapters. Some of them are freely available. English language.
Institute for Social & Economic Research. University of Essex (England). Institute for Social and Economic Research. About 200 working papers. English language.
Institutet f?r N?ringslivsforskning. Institute for Economic Research (Sweden). Publications. English language.
International Data Base. Statistical data on the population of the countries of the world since 1951 (demographic and socio-economic indicators). Dictionary. English language.
Internet Public Library. Internet Library of the University of Michigan (USA). Publications on various branches, including on the economy. English language.
IZA. Institute for the Study of Labor (Germany). Working papers since 1998. Language, German, English.
LogEc . Erasmus Management Research Institute (Holland). Collection of working papers on management and economics. English language.
National Bureau of Economic Research Working Papers. National Bureau of Economic Research in Massachusetts (USA). Work documents. English language.
Online Books Page. More than 15 thousand full-text books and other publications from the server of the University of Pennsylvania (USA). Search by - author, title and keywords. Material on the themes: economics and law, economic theory, economic history. English language.
Online Text and Notes in Statistics for Economists. University of Bristol (England). The online learning materials section provides full-text versions for various levels of study and specializations in economics. English language.
PERI. Research Institute of Political Economy of the University of Massachusetts (USA). Working materials, books, articles. English language.
RePEc . Reports, articles and preprints on economics. Open base of electronic publications. English language.
Scientific Commons. Search for scientific information on various topics, which is in the public domain. Language German, English.
SSRN. Social Science Electronic Publishing. Free access full-text works on economic theory, accounting, finance, informatics, law, management, marketing, insurance.
Technical Reports and Working Papers in Business and Economics: Library of Congress (USA). Working papers and technology reports in business, economics and law. English language.
The Federal Reserve Board. Federal Reserve System (USA). Working papers on international finance since 1991. English language.
The Institute for Fiscal Studies. Institute for Financial Studies (Great Britain). Work documents. English language.
The law school. University of Chicago (USA). Working papers on law and economics. English language.
The Levy Economics Institute of Bard College. Section: Publications. Articles and working papers (1987-2009) on economics, business and finance.
Tinbergen Institute (Holland) . Economics working papers since 2001. English language.
University of Zurich. The Institute for Empirical Research in Economics Working Papers (Switzerland). Section: Publications. Language German, English.
University of California eScholarship Repository. Database of the University of California (USA). Journals, books, conference materials, working papers on various sciences are freely available.
University of Oxford. About 800 working papers on economics. English language.
University of Pennsylvania (USA) . Working Papers on Economics. English language.
Vlerick Leuven Gent. Working papers of Vlerick Leuven Gent Business School (Belgium) since 2001. English language.
Search engines
Search system. Search for monographs in all branches of knowledge in Russian and foreign languages.
Google Patents. Special search engine for patents. The database contains over 7 million full texts of documents.
SciNet - Science search. Scientific search system and catalog of scientific resources.
Guides
SciGuide. Project of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Guide to foreign scientific resources of open access.
British scientific journal devoted to environmental issues with a special focus on plant ecology. The world's oldest international peer-reviewed environmental journal. Founded in 1913. All journal articles are available to subscribers on the site.
The journal publishes scientific articles on the ecology of plants (including algae) of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, populations and communities, and also discusses biogeochemistry, ecosystem ecology, microbial ecology and plant physiology, climate change, molecular genetics, mycorrhiza ecology, relationships between plants and other organisms such as animals and bacteria.
Read the Journal»
British scientific journal dedicated to applied ecology with a special focus on biological resource management. Founded in 1964. All journal articles are available to subscribers on the site.
The journal publishes scientific articles on applied ecology, on the application of ecological concepts, concepts, theories, models and methods to the management of biological resources in their broadest sense. Among the main topics are: nature conservation, global changes in nature, environmental pollution, wildlife and habitat management, use and management of land and water resources, restoration ecology, management of pests, weeds and diseases.
On the journal's website in the "For readers" - "Read the Journal" section, an archive of most full-text versions of the journal's articles from 1998 to 2017 is presented.
Journal of Animal Ecology
British scientific journal devoted to environmental issues with a special focus on animal ecology. Founded in 1932. All journal articles are available to subscribers on the site.
The journal publishes original research on all aspects of animal ecology in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, including ecosystem ecology, population ecology, behavioral ecology, and physiological ecology.
On the journal's website in the section "For readers" - "Read the Journal" - "Find issues" - "All issues" there is an archive of most full-text versions of journal articles from 1998 to 2017.
Functional Ecology
British scientific journal devoted to environmental issues with a special focus on experimental ecology. Founded in 1987. All journal articles are available to subscribers on the site.
The journal publishes scientific articles on organismal ecology, including physiological, behavioral and evolutionary ecology, population dynamics, including problems considered at the genomic level. Particular attention is paid to experimental ecology.
On the journal's website, in the "For readers" - "Sample Issue" - "Find issues" - "All issues" section, a full-text archive of most of the journal's articles from 1997 to 2017 is presented.
Journals of the Ecological Society of America
Ecological Applications
The scientific peer-reviewed journal publishes practical applications, documents related to the environmental management system, the implementation of research results in scientific practice.
On the journal's website in the section "Issues
Ecological Monographs
The scientific peer-reviewed journal publishes articles that provide a comprehensive overview of major empirical and theoretical research in the field of ecology.
On the journal's website in the section - "Issues"
Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
The scientific peer-reviewed journal features review articles on all aspects of ecology and related disciplines, news, debates, editorial columns and a letter section.
The scientific peer-reviewed journal publishes articles in all subfields of ecology, as well as interdisciplinary research related to ecology.
Issues
Ecology
A scientific journal that publishes research and analytical articles on all branches of ecology. Founded in 1920. Full-text versions of some articles of the journal are available on the journal's website in the "Issues" section.
Ecosystem Health and Sustainability
The first scientific journal published by the environmental communities of different countries: the Ecological Society of America and the Environmental Society of China since 2015.
On the journal’s website in the section “Issues”, an archive of full-text versions of articles in the public domain from 2015 to 2017 is presented.
Foreign scientific journals
Nature
The journal is aimed at researchers, but at the beginning of each edition there is a popular summary of the most important publications. The editor's column and the News Articles section report on events of interest to experts in all fields. The remainder of the journal consists of original research, assuming the reader has specialized knowledge in the relevant field.
The criteria for selecting articles in the journal are extremely strict. Most publications are screened out even before the peer review stage, since the research results described in the proposed article should represent a significant advance in a particular field of science. The journal is edited in the UK by Nature Publishing Group and published in London.
The international scientific journal of open access publishes original peer-reviewed documents in the field of ecology (research articles, reviews, environmental guidelines). The journal's website presents full-text versions of articles in the public domain.
fire ecology
International scientific journal published by the association for fire ecology. The journal publishes peer-reviewed papers, opinions, responses, book reviews, and occasional reprints of classic papers on fire ecology. The journal has more than 40 editors from five continents.
On the journal's website, in the "Journal issues" - "Current Issue" section, an archive of full-text versions of journal articles is presented.
An international English-language magazine published since 2010 in China. The journal is sponsored by the Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Chinese Society for Natural Resources and the Ecological Society of China.
The purpose of the journal is to highlight the results of modern research in the field of ecology. Articles in the journal are mainly submitted by authors from China, but publications by scientists from other countries are welcome.
One of the world's peer-reviewed journals in the field of ecology and the evolution of behavior, published since 1867. The journal focuses on innovative theoretical synthesis.
Full-text versions of some of the journal articles are available on the journal's website in the "Browse issues" - "All issues" section.
Ecology Letters
Monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Wiley-Blackwell and the French National Center for Scientific Research. The journal publishes articles on all aspects of ecology.
All issues » full-text versions of some journal articles are available.
Molecular ecology
The scientific journal covers the results of modern research, discoveries in the field of molecular genetics.
Full-text versions of some journal articles are available on the journal's website in the "Find issues" - "All issues" section.
A peer-reviewed open access scientific journal published by the Nature Publishing Group (NPG) since 2014. It publishes articles by scientists in which they share data obtained during research with the scientific community.
The journal does not accept for publication analytical articles that present fundamentally new research methods.
Electronic peer-reviewed open access journal published by Resilience Alliance. Covers a range of natural, social and human sciences. All articles are published online, in an electronic version. The full cycle of an article (from submission to publication) takes an average of 350 days.
An international open access scientific journal that publishes articles in the field of environmental engineering.
An international open access scientific journal that publishes review peer-reviewed articles on all aspects of sustainable development and climate change policy.
An international open access scientific journal that publishes peer-reviewed articles in the field of geoscience and environmental protection.
An international open access scientific journal that publishes materials on water resources research, water quality and water protection issues.
An international open access electronic scientific journal that publishes original scientific research, reviews and letters on environmental topics in order to provide the most complete and reliable information on current events in this field.
The archive of full-text versions of articles in the public domain from 2011 to 2017 is presented on the journal's website in the "Archive" section.
Journal of Environmental Protection
The international open access scientific journal publishes original articles and reports, literature reviews, short reports on various aspects of ecology and environmental protection.
The archive of full-text versions of articles in the public domain from 2010 to 2017 is presented on the journal's website in the "Archive" section.
