Security and fire systems (OPS) are designed to determine unauthorized entry into the territory of the enterprise or fix a fire, smoke. The systems operate through a set of devices: control panels, sensors, detectors, radio controllers, include a monitoring station and power supplies. The scheme of the security and fire system is calculated from the individual plan of the room / building and is regulated by regulations, so a professional approach is required when installing the system.

Security alarms for different types of buildings will have their own characteristics: it will be a summer house or an office, several rooms or a huge complex. In a residential area, the system is mounted in such a way that children or guests cannot accidentally press the button on the control panel or knock down the sensor settings. If the security and fire system is installed in the office, then it is mandatory to instruct the employees involved.

The OPS includes a burglar alarm device, wired or wireless sensors and warning (alarm) devices. In large systems, a computer with special software is used as an element for centralized control of fire alarms. In small systems, centralized control is entrusted to the security panel - equipment that collects and processes information from intruder alarm sensors.

Sensors can provide versatile protection of your property: in case of unauthorized opening of a door, glass breakage, window opening, motion detection, ignition, smoke, etc. Depending on the tasks, vibration, acoustic, capacitive sensors, heat or smoke, flame detectors, manual call points and etc. To date, such detectors as passive infrared, magnetic contact, perimeter and combined active detectors are actively used. Such a system will ensure your safety in many ways.

Security alarm sensors should be located taking into account the interior and design features of the premises, so that they do not end up, for example, in a place where furniture is already standing. Our specialists carefully develop a security alarm project for each company in order to minimize the possibility of a gross miss.

The integration of fire and security alarms takes place at the level of centralized monitoring and control. FSOs of houses, as a rule, are administered by different, unrelated, control posts. Security alarms for apartments and houses promptly notify the security service in cases of unauthorized entry, record the date, place and time of violation of certain security lines.

The fire alarm system, having detected the source of ignition, promptly notifies about the fire and takes measures for automatic fire extinguishing. Since the main goal of a fire alarm is to save human lives, it is entrusted with the task of determining the source of fire and warning personnel.

Fire and burglar alarm detectors differ from each other by the type of controlled physical parameter. Depending on the principle of information signal formation, active and passive detectors are distinguished.

• Active detectors of the alarm system react to a change in the signal that they themselves generate.
• Passive detectors detect changes in environmental parameters caused by fire or intruders.

By type of laying, security and fire systems can be wired or wireless (withGSM- communication). In a local OPS, the signal is transmitted via ordinary telephone wires. This system provides instant response and is more reliable, although it has a number of features associated with the installation of a wired system. In a network NSO, the signal is transmitted via a mobile communication channel. This type of security and fire systems is considered more convenient: when the sensors are triggered, an alert is sent by SMS or voice notification, it is possible to alert the telephones of the city line.

Both systems use digital modem board to connect a repeater - it receives sensor signals and translates them into a voice or text series and transmits them to the PBX or control panel, notifying about the incident.

Typically, a burglar alarm is installed in three stages. First, experts will lay the cable. Then the equipment is connected. If the burglar alarm is installed at the construction stage, then the connection will be made after the completion of the finishing. Then Alefo engineers carry out commissioning of the security alarm.

Our experts in the installation of OPS take into account many aspects. One of the most important points that should be taken into account even at the stage of designing a security and fire system is cable wiring, because the success of the entire alarm system depends on it. So, for example, the gasket must be made with a 15% margin - in this case, the system will not only serve longer and more reliably, but it will also be possible to expand it. We also install junction boxes, if necessary, to maintain the efficiency of the system.

Often, some time after installation, it becomes necessary to install additional equipment that was not included in the original signaling project. There can be many reasons: there was no need for such actions or funds to pay for them, the plot expanded, etc. Therefore, Alefo designs a home security alarm system, taking into account possible expansion.

When installing fire and security alarms, we use reliable equipment from System Sensor, Bolid, Jablotron, Paradox, Honeywell, and warning systems from Roxton, Inter-M, JEDIA.

Intrusion alarms should be installed in such a way that a variety of parameters are taken into account, important indicators of access violation or fire risk are recorded. We know that only the complex use of all means will reliably protect your property from damage, and you from losses.

The head of the enterprise or the owner of any real estate must take care of protecting his property from the negative impact of man-made disasters and intruders. To ensure the safety of the premises and all the objects that are in it, not only specially trained people standing near the doors can. Modern technologies make it possible to ensure the safety of the premises thanks to specially designed connected subsystems into one system. Many are familiar with fire response systems and burglar alarm systems.

Security and fire alarms: the concept and its tasks

An integrated system that includes fire and security alarm systems is called a fire and security system. This system is becoming very popular today. Most often, the system is part of an integrated security complex. The main function of the fire and security alarm system is provided for by GOST 2642-84. Its main task is to receive, process and transmit, in the prescribed manner, information about a fire that has occurred at a protected facility or a fire or penetration of unauthorized people into it.

The main functions of the security and fire system are:

• monitoring the state of the territory throughout the day;
• detection of even the slightest fire at the facility;
• determining the exact location of a fire or penetration of intruders;
• information must be provided in an understandable form;
• response to hacking attempts and system breakdowns;
• response to malfunctions of the detection device.

The fire and security alarm is a complex system, has a rather high cost, but according to consumer reviews and experiments, it is the only reliable electronic protection device.

Modern security equipment includes several subsystems that depend on executive functions:

• security - the device responds to any external penetration;
• fire - the device reacts to the occurrence of any signs of a fire;
• alarm - the device calls for the necessary help if a signal of an unexpected attack appears;
• emergency - the device gives a signal in the event of some emergency situations: gas leakage, water breakthrough, water overflow, etc.

Each subsystem has its own strictly defined goals. All subsystems are combined into one security system by integrating with each other.

What is an alarm system that provides protection against fires and theft

The components of a fire and intruder control system are:

• sensors that are danger signal receivers;
• equipment that receives a danger signal;
• elements that notify of a danger
• communication settings;
• autonomous battery (generator, battery);
• programs that ensure the correct operation of the device.

The principle of operation of the alarm

The principle of operation of the fire alarm system is very simple. Sensors become the main receivers of information about a fire, the penetration of thieves or ill-wishers. About a fire or an attack, sensory mechanisms transmit information to the control panel, which is responsible for collecting data, and in more complex integrated systems, information is transmitted to the control panel. Once the information reaches its destination, the software triggers the system to respond.

The response itself depends on the hardware of the system. If the alarm is supplemented with an access control system, then due to the transmission of information, locks, gates, turnstiles begin to respond to the signal. During a fire, additional evacuation doors are opened to avoid an obstacle for people to leave the danger zone.

If the system is equipped with an automatic extinguishing program, then in case of danger it will necessarily work in conjunction with the smoke removal function. It is important when operating a fire alarm to block the operation of the power supply, which protects against additional danger.

When thieves enter and receive a signal about this, the system launches its own protection program, depending on the type of alarm.

Variety of security and fire systems

The modern equipment market represents a variety of choices for fire and security alarms. Consumers can choose from systems with a simplified security program, systems with additional sensors for monitoring environmental standards that respond to excess gas, water leakage, temperature or humidity levels.

The main signaling distribution occurs on:

• Non-address;
• Address;
• Address questionnaires;
• Non-polling address;
• Combined.

This classification occurs on the basis of differences in the principle of operation of the alarm.

According to the principle of operation of the detectors, dangers are divided into:

• ultrasonic;
• light detectors;
• vibration detectors;
• radio wave;
• acoustic;
• infrared;
• combined.

The following types of sensors are installed in the fire system:

• reacting to smoke;
• reacting to the temperature in the room;
• reacting to flame;
• gas responsive;
• multisensory, which include a response to 4 signs of a fire;

All sensors are different from each other, have a different degree of sensitivity and reaction speed.

The following types of detectors are known in the security system:

• sensors that respond to changes in the distance between the magnet on the doors (windows) and the reed switch;
• detectors that respond to impact or surface damage;
• sensors that respond to any movement inside the object of protection;
• detectors that react to approaching or touching the object of protection.

According to the way they react to a particular problem, sensors are divided into active and passive.

According to the location of the alarm, there are:

• internal;
• External;
• Combined.

There is a division of the system depending on the equipped sensors:

1. According to the method of obtaining information, there are: analog and threshold;
2. According to the location of the sensors relative to the room: internal and external;
3. According to the way of responding to changes in space: linear, surface, volumetric;
4. Depending on the response to individual objects: local and point;
5. By the action factor: thermal, light, manual, combined, ionization;
6. Depending on the physical impact: closing, capacitive, radio beam, seismic.

The result of the system

Thanks to the activity of the security and fire alarm, many objects are protected from sudden attack, penetration, accidents and fires. According to the statistics of unauthorized intrusion on objects in our country, this system is the most secure. It is enough to analyze the statistics to understand the importance of signaling:

• 50% or more of unauthorized entry into facilities that have free access to working personnel and incoming customers;
• About 25% of the territories were the objects of illegal penetration, while they were equipped with mechanical protection elements;
• 20% of the objects protected by the access system were subject to illegal entry;
• 5% of territories equipped with complex electronic security systems were subject to illegal actions of intruders.

Managers must be concerned about protecting their facilities and ensuring a high level of reliability through the organization of a multi-level security system.

Alarm sensors are installed in this case at several levels:

• along the outer perimeter of the territory;
• on windows and doors;
• indoors;
• on objects that are considered the most important in the protected area: safes, cabinets, boxes.

Each sensor installation point must be connected to its own separate cell of the device, which controls the signal from the sensor and responds to it. This avoids an intruder bypassing a separate point, as well as receiving a timely signal about the very first signs of a fire, attack or emergency.

Nowadays, modern security systems create comfortable conditions in all areas of human life. One of the key components of systems of this kind is the security and fire alarm. Installation of fire alarm systems is a prerequisite for ensuring the safety of any object: whether it is a large industrial complex, a shopping center or a country house. Fire and security alarms will help prevent material and human losses in the event of an emergency.

INFOTECH LLC is a team of professionals. We provide a high-quality full-cycle service for the installation of alarm systems: design, installation and maintenance. Our company has everything you need to fulfill your order: reliable equipment, high-level specialists and rich experience in installing such systems. The main goal is the high-quality work of all components of the fire alarm system being created at your facility. We are responsible for conscientious installation with our reputation.

Design and calculation of fire alarm systems correctly!

Our advantages

Free visit to inspect the facility in Moscow and the Moscow Region
Free preparation of a commercial offer based on the developed project
Efficiency - from your first call to the start of installation work from 3 to 5 days

According to the current regulatory documents of the Russian Federation in the field of fire safety, almost all public, industrial and administrative buildings and structures are equipped with fire safety systems. The fire and security alarm system, together with organizational measures, helps to quickly localize the source of fire, thereby saving lives and property. First, consider what tasks the OPS system solves:

1. fast detection of the place of ignition;
2. prompt notification of people about the danger that has arisen;
3. transmission of control signals to automatic fire extinguishing and smoke removal systems;
4. transmission of relevant messages to interested persons or services.

To date, OPS systems are divided into the following types:

1. Conventional (traditional) fire alarm system;
2. Address-threshold fire alarm system;
3. Analog addressable fire alarm system.

Address-analogue systems are divided according to the type of installation: wired and wireless. Wired systems are considered more reliable, because. do not depend on the influence of frequency interference of the transmitted signal from detectors and control devices.

Structural diagram of the fire alarm system using the equipment of the NVP "Bolid" as an example:

Fire alarm system

Let us consider in more detail each type of fire alarm. Let's start with the conventional (traditional) system.

Often non-address systems are used in small and medium-sized facilities. Due to the small amount of equipment, these systems are relatively inexpensive. The devices use a modern digital signal processing algorithm, which can significantly increase the reliability of the received signals from the detectors, and as a result, the probability of false alarms is reduced, but it must be taken into account that detectors operating in a non-address system do not provide an adequate level of reliability. The principle of operation is approximately the following: control panels determine the state of the alarm loop by two static states: “normal” and “fire”. When the detector generates a "Fire" notification, the current in the alarm loop changes.

When the reliability criterion for issuing an alarm message at an object comes to the fore, it is necessary to install an address-threshold or address-analogue system. At small and medium-sized objects, it is advisable to use threshold-address systems that combine the advantages of analog-address and traditional systems. The main difference between the address-threshold alarm system and the non-address one is in the topology of the circuit construction and the algorithm for polling the detectors. The control panel polls the connected fire detectors cyclically to ascertain their status. At the same time, each detector in the loop has its own unique address and can already be in several static states: “normal”, “fire”, “malfunction”, “attention”, “dusty”, etc. In this case, the detector independently makes a decision on the transition to another state. Unlike traditional systems, such a polling algorithm allows you to accurately determine the location of the fire to the detector.

To date, addressable analog systems are the most progressive and reliable. They do not have the disadvantages inherent in non-address and address-threshold systems. Most often, these systems are used in medium and large objects. The advantages of installing analog addressable systems are obvious: free topology plus the ability to determine the location of a line break (this is essential for long cable routes). In such systems, the decision on the state of the protected object is made by the control device, and not by the detector. In the configuration of the control panel, for each connected addressable device, the response thresholds ("Normal", "Attention" and "Fire") are set. This allows you to clearly form the operating modes of the fire alarm for a particular room. The monitoring device constantly polls the connected detectors and analyzes the obtained values, comparing them with the threshold values ​​set in its configuration. It is desirable to make the topology of the address line ring. This is necessary so that in the event of a break in the cable route with detectors, the entire system retains its operability, since it simply breaks up into two radial independent loops. All these advantages of the analog addressable system provide early fire detection and reduce false alarms.

Separately, we note the radio channel systems of the OPS. These systems or its elements are in demand at those facilities where it is not possible to lay wires. Often, the security and fire alarm system existing at the facility is supplemented in the future with radio channel elements of the system. Recently, there has been a sharp jump in the level of development of the element base responsible for transmitting and receiving signals over a radio channel. Reliability and service life of devices of radio channel systems meet modern requirements for reliability and noise immunity. Installation of radio channel signaling requires significantly less material costs due to the absence of the need to lay cable routes. On the other hand, the cost of the radio channel devices themselves is higher than their wired counterparts, and the system commissioning procedure is more laborious due to the impossibility of accurately calculating the interference situation at the facility and the non-linear dependence of the signal level in the radio channel on the parameters of the supporting structures of the building. Also, the cost of maintaining a radio channel system is more expensive, due to the need for periodic replacement of batteries.

Even in ancient times, people used the transmission of information about the beginning of the occurrence of some events over a distance in the form of light signals or well-audible sounds, when fires were kindled on hills or bells were rung.

The life of a modern person is associated with the operation of a large number of various equipment, the work of which is often monitored remotely using various types of alarms. Among them, information about the beginning of a fire at critical industrial facilities and inside multi-storey buildings with a large number of people is of paramount importance.

The purpose of the fire alarm

Its main task is to ensure that, at the first sign of fire, promptly transmit information to the duty service, which is able to quickly arrive at the scene and take emergency measures to extinguish the fire that has arisen and prevent its spread.

Additional tasks of fire alarm systems (SPS) can be:

remote activation of pre-arranged fire extinguishing means - various types of fire extinguishers, created in relation to specific conditions of production or facility;

ensuring the unlocking of access control systems to facilitate the mass evacuation of people from a dangerous place;

transmission of information to additional dispatch control points;

other features.

Fire alarm composition

The fire alarm system is considered as a specific electrical control system, the circuit of which consists of various parts:

special sensors - detectors that report the onset of a fire;

channels for transmitting signals about the operation of the sensor;

consoles for control, reception (PKP) and display of information for operational personnel;

public warning systems.

How fire detectors are arranged and work

The appearance of the first signs of fire can be assessed by the appearance of smoke, the rapid heating of the environment, or a strong flash of light. These three factors are embedded in the principle of operation of various technical devices.

In the industrial and residential sector, four types of sensors operating on different principles are most widely used:

1. detection of the beginning of the spread of smoke - smoke detectors;

2. the appearance of a sharp heating inside the room - thermal;

3. separation of electromagnetic waves of the optical range of the visible, ultraviolet or infrared spectrum - flame;

4. simultaneous exposure to heat and smoke, and often in combination, taking into account the appearance of bright light - combined.

Fire alarm sensors can only monitor the state of the monitored parameter or respond to its change by issuing a signal to an external system. According to this principle, they apply not only to passive, but also to active devices. Detectors can be created to control a specific local area or an extended, elongated space. The latter constructions are called linear.

How smoke detectors work

The sensor is placed on the ceiling in the place where smoke rises and begins to concentrate when a fire starts.

Structurally, the smoke detector consists of:

1. detachable body;

2. electronic board;

3. optical system.

These parts are individually assembled on automated production lines and, after passing various tests and checks, are manually assembled into a single module.

The operation of the sensor is based on fixing the moment when smoke appears in its body due to the operation of the optical system, which includes:

Emitting a strictly directed beam of light;

Which converts the light flux falling on it into an electrical signal.

Structurally, the light beam from the source is directed slightly away from the photocell. Under normal operating conditions with the normal indoor air condition, the light cannot reach the surface of the photocell, as shown in picture #1.

If smoke appears in the sensor housing, light rays are reflected in all directions. They fall on the photocell, and it works. This moment is controlled by an electronic circuit. It generates an information command, transmits it via communication channels to the fire alarm receiver.

If water vapor or gases that deflect the light flux enter the sensor cavity, the photocell will also work, and the logic circuit will give false information about the occurrence of a fire.

For this reason, smoke detectors are not installed in places where they are capable of malfunctioning. These include kitchens, bathrooms, showers. Installing smoke detectors in places where smokers gather will also cause them to work frequently and falsely.

Such a fire detector will not react to an increase in temperature and a flash of light from an open flame. Therefore, such modules are installed in those rooms where ignition is associated with smoke in the environment from thermal damage to the insulation of electrical wires, fabrics, and other similar materials.

They are installed in places with a large number of operating electrical equipment in industrial plants, warehouses for storing material assets, electrical substations and laboratories.

The principle of operation of heat detectors

They are also placed on the ceiling, where the heat generated by open fire rises. They can work on the factor:

1. reaching the maximum allowable heating value;

2. the rate of temperature rise.

Threshold devices

Sensors of this type were the very first to be created. At first, they worked by flowing a fusible alloy from a fuse installed at the point of contact between two conductors. Due to this, when the environment was heated to 60 ÷ 70 degrees, an electrical circuit was broken and a signal was given about the start of a fire.

The principle of operation of one of these designs of a disposable, non-recoverable heat detector type IP-104 is shown in the picture.

Inside the housing there are spring contacts, which are removed from each other by mechanical tension forces, and are held by Wood's alloy, consisting of low-melting metals. The sensor is triggered when heated to 68 degrees, and cocked springs provide a circuit break.

Such designs are constantly being improved. Now they are available with interchangeable fuses or elements controlled from a distance. The logic circuit can be made on different principles and electronic components.

Integrated detectors

The sensor operation is based on measurements of the rate of change in the electrical resistance of metals when they are heated.

A stabilized voltage is supplied to the terminals of the thermal control element from the power source. Under its action in the electrical circuit through the wire resistor and the measuring device, a current flows, determined by Ohm's law. Its value strictly depends on the resistance.

Under the influence of normal room temperature, its value remains almost unchanged. With a stabilized voltage, the current also does not change.

When the temperature of the open fire from the appeared flame begins to act on the control element, the resistance of the sensor begins to increase rapidly and the current begins to change according to the same law. The speed of its deviation from the previously established value is fixed by an electronic circuit, which is usually set to increase by 5 degrees per second.

When the critical value of the heating rate is reached, the logic circuit of the sensor sends a signal to the receiving module via communication channels.

This circuit does not have devices that react to smoke, and it will not work on him.

Such designs work most effectively on fires caused by the ignition of combustible liquids from petroleum products, carbon fuels, and flammable solid materials. They are installed in storage areas for containers with flammable liquids, building materials warehouses and similar industrial buildings.

The principle of operation of flame detectors

Quite a large class of these sensors responds to an open fire or a smoldering fire without smoke.

A sensitive photocell captures the appearance of one of the spectra of optical waves or its full range. In this case, the design turns out to be quite complex and expensive. For this reason, they are not used in residential buildings, but are used in oil and gas industry enterprises.

The simplest models of this type are capable of being triggered by the influence of a welding arc, the light of a bright sun, fluorescent lamps, and electromagnetic interference of the optical spectrum. Various filters can be used to eliminate false work.

The principle of operation of combined detectors

All designs of fire detectors that work on any one sign of fire can falsely work. In order to expand the reliability limit of the transmitted information, devices are created that immediately combine the capabilities of smoke and thermal models, or are supplemented with a flame response function.

To do this, they immediately include an infrared, thermal and optical sensor. In most cases, they can be configured to operate from each input parameter separately or only when they appear simultaneously.

For critical industrial premises, there are four-channel combined detectors that additionally take into account the appearance of carbon monoxide.

The principle of operation of manual fire detectors

The simplest designs from an ordinary spring-loaded self-resetting button are used to manually notify operational workers about the onset of a fire. To do this, personnel who have noticed the beginning of signs of a fire, just open the protective cover and press the button.

This action closes the contacts of the circuit and activates the "Fire alarm" alert. When the button is released, the signal is not interrupted: its power supply circuit is automatically set to self-locking. The warning of people about the fire danger will occur until the responsible employee unlocks it with a special key.

Such hand-held sensors are mounted in all premises where masses of people gather (shops, hospitals, cinemas, industrial facilities) at a height of one and a half meters and at a distance of up to 50 m between them.

Brief conclusions on the choice of fire detectors

The design and principle of operation of the sensor should correspond as much as possible to the conditions that ensure the fire safety of the controlled room.

In large industrial buildings with different equipment, it is not always advisable to use the same type of detectors, and their number, even with limited financial capabilities, should cover all hazardous fire zones in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents.

Channels for transmitting signals about the operation of detectors

After the types and number of fire detectors are determined for installation in the premises, they are connected by wires to loops that are assembled on the control panel in the operational security service.

For loops, wires with copper conductors are selected and laid with the possibility of monitoring the technical condition. SNIP and GOST impose requirements on them for methods of separate laying with other cable lines and for ensuring protection against mechanical damage.

Devices for receiving and monitoring signals

Control panels are created by manufacturers of varying degrees of complexity for professional, semi-professional or domestic use.

Professional Devices designed to address not only fire safety issues, but also the protection of facilities. They are:

track the status of multipath circuits and are able to simultaneously process analog and digital signals;

allow cascading into blocks to create a complex hierarchy of control schemes;

are connected to the computer of the fire and security service;

fix in time and transmit all the information that occurs at the controlled object;

used only in critical industrial facilities.

Semi-professional devices work with digital signals. They are made in a single package, combining:

power supply from a stationary electrical network;

a backup power supply source - a powerful battery capable of providing autonomous operation of the system from several hours to a day;

electronic control unit;

CPU.

At critical facilities, the processor is protected from unauthorized access by placement in hard-to-reach places with full shielding that prevents hacking attempts by a special remote scanner, and complex coding of processed and transmitted information.

Such models are capable of processing signals from two hundred and fifty sensors. They can already be used in the residential sector.

Multibeam household control panels

Created to work in private households with various outbuildings.

They are capable of processing signals from electrical contacts of reed switches or electronic circuits, as well as information received via wireless channels from two to eight different sources.

The simplest apartment control panels

They are represented by the simplest models operating in single-channel mode, which is quite enough for the owner of the apartment. Even such a device is capable of transmitting information about the operation of sensors to the owner's mobile phone in the form of SMS.

Control panels intended for domestic purposes are accompanied by detailed manufacturer's technical documentation with instructions and connection diagrams. For them, the European standard EN54 has been introduced.

Fire alarm systems

In crowded buildings, a light and sound system is used to warn staff and visitors by alerting the “Alarm” command. At the same time, information is transmitted to the management of the enterprise and duty services for taking emergency measures.

An example of the distribution of various fire alarm devices and the organization of the warning system is shown in the picture.

Like all technical devices, fire alarms require periodic monitoring and performance checks, a set of maintenance measures, settings, and adjustments. In this case, it is necessary to follow the rules for their operation.

I would like to express my confidence that the initial information presented about the design of a modern fire alarm system will give the reader an idea: in practice, create an optimal system for yourself that excludes a fire in case of accidental ignition or deliberate arson.

To create an appropriate level of security at the facility, it is necessary to install security and fire alarms. The fire alarm system is a combination of technical means for detecting a fire and detecting attempts of illegal access to a protected perimeter. Two subsystems have common communication channels, similar algorithms for receiving, processing and transmitting information, alarm signals. In order to save money, it is best to combine them.

OPS systems are by far the most common. These protective lines allow you to create an appropriate level of security for the protected object.

Thanks to the combination of technological means, the operation of such subsystems is based on several types of alarms: security, fire and emergency. Security detects attempts of illegal entry, fire - the presence of fire, emergency warns of emergency situations (gas leak, rupture of water supply, etc.).

What are the main tasks of security and fire systems?

OPS systems are built on combinations that are integrated with each other. However, the goals set are individual for each subsystem. The following fire alarm tasks are distinguished:

• Reception, processing, transmission of information about the occurrence of a fire;
• Determining the location of the fire;
• Sending a command to the automatic fire extinguishing mechanism;
• Starting the operation of the smoke removal subsystem.

The tasks of the security alarm are:

• Detection of all attempts of illegal access to the protected area;
• Fixing the place and time of violation of access rules;
• Transfer of information to a computerized control panel.

Despite the fact that individual goals are distinguished for both subsystems, the installation of fire alarm systems in an enterprise is designed to fulfill one common task: to ensure a timely response to a conditioned factor and the transmission of relevant information about an ongoing event.

On the video - about how the fire alarm system works:

Complex composition of integrated security and fire systems

OPS systems in their complex composition may differ from each other. First of all, it depends on the tasks that the fire alarm system performs. As a rule, this complex includes three main categories of equipment:

• A device for centralized control and management of the operation of fire alarm systems (a computer equipped with specialized software, a central control panel, a receiving and control mechanism);
• Devices for receiving, collecting and analyzing information coming from OPS sensors;
• Signaling and sensory mechanisms (various types of sensors and notification devices).

Management of the operation of the FPS system and control over its implementation is carried out by a centralized device. Despite this, each alarm can be managed by separate enterprise security services. When installing such protective circuits, the autonomy of the operation of each subsystem as part of an integral complex is preserved.

Fire and security alarm systems are equipped with sensors that allow you to detect the occurrence of an alarm. As a rule, the technical characteristic of the sensor determines the parameters of the entire protection circuit. Mechanisms for receiving, collecting and analyzing information coming from sensors of the alarm system are actuating devices. They allow you to perform a programmed algorithm of actions in response to an alarm signal.

A feature of the fire and security alarm system is the possibility of its installation in two ways. The first is an alarm system with closed (local) protection, i.e. arming is carried out inside the facility with the transfer of relevant information to the security service of the institution. The second is arming in special units (private or non-departmental) and the fire service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations.

Classification of OPS system complexes

At the protected object, system complexes of security and fire alarms of various types can be installed:

• Conventional (analogue);
• Address (poll and non-poll);
• Combined (address-analog).

The non-address fire and security alarm system works according to a simple principle. The perimeter of the protected object is divided into several parts, in each of which a loop is laid. It combines several notification mechanisms. The loop receives information from the detector immediately after it is triggered. The disadvantage of this type of protective circuit is the possibility of false operation of the device. The operability of the loop and detectors can only be checked during a technical inspection. The control zone is limited by the limits of one loop, and it is impossible to determine the exact location of the emergency. Centralized control is performed by security and fire panel mechanisms. At large facilities, when installing such systems, it is necessary to perform a large amount of work on laying connecting wires.

The address system of the security and fire alarm system can be polling and not polling. When installing this type of protective line, addressable sensors are installed on the loop. When triggered, the code of a particular sensor is indicated. Non-interrogated lines by the principle of operation are threshold. If any notification device fails, there is no connection with the receiving and control mechanism. A feature of polling systems is the periodic submission of a request for the performance of the notification mechanism. In polling schemes, the level of false alarms is reduced.

To date, the most common and effective are the combined fire and security systems. In practice, they are called addressable analog.

It is possible to connect various types of sensors to this system. All information is processed by specialized electronic computers. The system independently determines the type of sensor and sets the algorithm for its operation. The combined line allows you to quickly process information and make an appropriate decision. The expansion of such a subsystem with additional protective lines is possible without much effort and expense.

Varieties of fire and security notification devices

The fire and security system must be equipped with sensors. Fire detectors are divided into:

• According to the method of transmission of the received information (analogue and threshold);
• According to the location on the protected perimeter (external and internal);
• According to the principle of fixing changes in space (volumetric, linear, surface);
• By the method of control of individual items (local or point);
• According to the method of signal formation (active, passive);
• According to the current factor (thermal, light, smoke, ionization, manual, combined);
• According to the principle of physical impact (capacitive, seismic, radio beam, closing).

Among the security sensors, the following subspecies are distinguished (according to the type of notification mechanisms used):

• Contact;
• Magnetic;
• Electrocontact;
• Infrared passive;
• Active;
• Volumetric radio wave;
• Volumetric ultrasonic;
• Microwave;
• Acoustic;
• capacitive;
• Vibrating;
• Barometric.

On the video - more information about the fire alarm:

Video surveillance and alarm systems - effective integration of devices

Video surveillance systems installed at the facility allow monitoring the protected area around the clock in real time. A modern solution is a combination of OPS and video control. The installation of such integrated systems will allow you to quickly and better detect the presence of a flame in a room or an attempt to illegally enter a protected area. To date, there are video cameras that can recognize smoke caught in the lens, the presence of fire, or other indicators of risk.

Thanks to the integration of a video surveillance device into the fire alarm system, the work of security and fire installations is greatly facilitated. Video cameras allow you to timely identify the location of smoke or the presence of a flame. Also, this combination helps to notify people about the danger in time and carry out evacuation measures. Video cameras allow you to continuously monitor the events taking place both inside the building and in the surrounding area.

All data in the installed video surveillance subsystem is archived. Access to the archive is open at any time.

When introducing such a system into the operation of an existing fire alarm system, cameras from various leading manufacturers are used. Video surveillance at the facility has a number of possibilities:

• Lighting control;
• Sending text messages to persons responsible for ensuring security, including fire safety, about the state of the facility or the occurrence of an emergency;
• Immediate notification of building security personnel;
• In the event of an emergency, it is possible to turn off engineering, communication and air conditioning subsystems;
• Recording and playback of video files;
• Mode setting;
• Setting the storage time for files in the archive;
• Performing scaling of individual frames;
• Search, view and analyze images according to the required parameters (by camera number, date, time, event, room).