Che is being treated by a neurologist. Neurologist. What does this specialist do, what research does he do, what pathologies does he treat? How does a neurologist treat?

It is important for patients to know what the neurologist treats. Having understood this issue, you can contact a specialist in time and prevent an aggravation of the situation. Not only adults, but also children need the services of a neurologist. So that during the reception there are no "surprises", it is important to understand how the doctor's examination is carried out.

Neurologist - what kind of doctor is this?

This doctor diagnoses and treats a huge variety of pathologies. All of them are connected with the activity of the nervous system. The specialization of a pediatric doctor is slightly different from that of an adult. A neurologist treats the following diseases:

• Alzheimer's disease;
• insomnia in its various manifestations;
• stroke;
• severe headaches;
• sciatica;
• lumbago pain;
• myopathy;
• polio;
• tunnel syndrome;
• hyperactivity;
• violation of cerebral circulation;
• Willis disease;
• neuropathy.

To what a neurologist treats, one can add tuberculous meningitis, encephalitis and meningitis. In fact, these infectious diseases are the specialization of an infectious disease specialist. However, after these diseases, serious consequences can occur that affect the functioning of the brain and spinal cord. All this is reflected in the coordination of movement, speech and memory. This specialist is engaged in the elimination of such consequences.

What is neurology?

This is a very deep science. Neurology is a discipline that studies the relationship between a patient's well-being and the state of his nervous system. The following treatments are used here:

• medication - involves taking medications;
• drug-free (acupuncture, diet, reflexology, herbal medicine);
• physical (magnetotherapy, myostimulation, laser therapy);
• surgical.

Neurologist and neuropathologist - what's the difference?

In our country, there is no difference between these terms. Until recently, a specialist dealing with these pathologies was called a neuropathologist. However, the list of tasks assigned to such a doctor was revised. Along with this, the name of the specialization has also changed. In European countries, a neurologist and a neuropathologist are two different names. The duties of the first include the treatment of pathologies associated with disruption of the nervous system. In addition, this doctor helps to cope with sleep disorders. A neuropathologist specializes in vascular and brain pathologies. In fact, their responsibilities are different.

How is an appointment with a neurologist?

At the first visit, the doctor will carefully listen to the patient's complaints. This will allow you to collect an anamnesis of the disease. A neurologist's consultation also involves a tactile and visual examination. During the appointment, the specialist will check the basic reflexes. To test some of them, special tools can be used. To assess individual reflexes and muscle condition, the doctor may ask the patient to partially remove clothing.

How is a neurological examination performed?

It is important for the patient to know what will happen in the doctor's office in order to prepare. Reception of a neurologist involves the following manipulations:

1. Using a special hammer, the doctor will check the condition of the optic nerve. The patient needs to follow the instrument without turning his head.
2. The doctor will be able to check some reflexes by facial expressions. In this case, you will need to wrinkle your forehead, say "A" or show your tongue.
3. To test the sensitivity of the face, the doctor uses a needle. During this procedure, the neurologist asks the patient how he feels.
4. To draw a conclusion about the state of muscles and reflexes, the doctor will ask the patient to bend his arm at the elbow. According to the results of what he saw, the doctor puts a score from 1 to 5.
5. To determine the condition of the spinal nerves and pain points, drawing on the skin of the back is used.
6. To test the deep reflexes of the legs and arms, the doctor taps the tendons with a hammer.
7. Movement coordination is tested with the Romberg pose.

Neurologist's diagnoses

To properly prescribe treatment, the doctor will recommend that the patient undergo a complete examination. Thanks to this procedure, the doctor can accurately diagnose. Instrumental and laboratory studies can be used. More often, the diagnosis of a neurologist is established after such research procedures:

• electroencephalography;
• x-ray;
• electroneuromyography;
• dopplerography;
• laboratory analyses.

When should you contact a neurologist?

There are symptoms that indicate that the patient needs medical attention. Here's when to see a neurologist:

• if convulsive seizures occur;
• in cases where memory lapses are observed;
• in case of sleep disturbance;
• if the eyes double or the image is perceived distorted;
• when movement coordination is impaired;
• with severe headaches;
• if some muscles are tense, while others (symmetrically located) are relaxed;
• with paralysis.

To strengthen the cardiovascular system and prevent the occurrence of VVD, osteochondrosis and other neurological pathologies, moderate physical activity is important. Swimming is especially effective. During such exercises, the nervous system relaxes and the pain subsides. In addition, the water reduces the load on the spine, joints and muscle corset. The stress accumulated during the day disappears.

For those who do not have the opportunity to visit the pool, a neurologist may advise you to perform special exercises for the joints and back according to the Pilates system. They are based on chest breathing, which helps to stretch and stabilize the spine. All exercises should be performed exclusively under the supervision of an experienced specialist, since an incorrectly calculated load can do more harm than good.

The advice of a pediatric neurologist is mainly aimed at normalizing sleep. Adults should sleep at least 8 hours a day. For children, the time should be increased to 9-10 hours (it all depends on the age of the baby). If sleep is disturbed, the state of health, brain activity and the work of all organs and systems worsen. This is especially dangerous in childhood. Because of this violation, babies can lag behind in growth and development. It is also important to spend at least 2 hours a day in the fresh air.

Neurology is a branch of medicine that studies the human nervous system, its structure and functions in normal conditions and in the development of a neurological disease.

The central system is represented by the spinal cord and brain. The peripheral system includes all kinds of structures that connect the central nervous system and other organs and tissues of the human body.

The nervous system is responsible for the normal functioning of the whole organism and the reaction to changes in the external and internal environment.

How is a diagnosis made?

A neurological examination for the purpose of making a diagnosis is based on three diagnostic “pillars”:

• collection of anamnesis;
• analysis of hereditary predisposition and general examination;

Examination by a neurologist is still the most important stage in the detection of a disease of the nervous system, despite the latest laboratory and instrumental diagnostic methods.

Upon receipt of the results of instrumental diagnostics and after the examination, the specialist will be able to prescribe conservative or surgical treatment to his patient.

Who is a neurologist and what does he check

A neurologist is a specialist who examines a neurological patient, prescribes and recommends methods of treatment for diseases of the nervous system.

The neurologist checks for the presence and, if necessary, treats the following:

Also, an examination by a neurologist is necessary if there are such symptoms:

• frequent;
• the occurrence of pain in the neck, chest, lower back, upper and lower extremities;
• after ;
• speech becomes slurred;
• decrease in motor activity.

Goals of the neurological examination

What the neurologist checks and evaluates:

• inspection and general assessment of the work of all organs and systems in the human body;
• examination of the skin is carried out;
• body type is determined;
• when communicating, the specialist pays attention to the shape, symmetry and size of the head;
• then the neck is diagnosed and the stiffness of the occipital muscles is checked;
• chest examination;
• the organs of the peritoneum are palpated;
• the spine is examined.

Specifically, the neurological examination includes the following parameters:

• assessment of the state of consciousness and its presence;
• how the patient can navigate in space, self and time;
• assessment of cerebral symptoms;
• checking the function of the cranial nerves;
• study of the motor sphere;
• reflexes are checked.

The nervous system performs many functions in the body and controls the work of all organs and systems. Therefore, the examination of a neurological patient, depending on the patient's condition and the necessary diagnostic methods, can last from 15 minutes to several hours.

The qualification of a specialist during the examination and diagnosis is very important.

Hammer - the main tool of a neurologist

The neurological hammer is intended to test the patient's reflexes during the initial examination by a neurologist.

This is the most important and indispensable tool of neurologists.

It is the pride of specialists who work in the field of development and research of the central nervous system, develop methods for diagnosing, treating and preventing diseases.

At the first appointment, the doctor gets acquainted with the patient, his passport data, occupation and collects an anamnesis. The active position here is given to the specialist, not the patient.

First, the neurologist listens to the patient's complaints. Each complaint is a symptom of the disease. History plays an important role in making a diagnosis. It is very important to listen carefully to the patient.

The doctor asks questions about the occurrence of patient complaints:

• when the first symptoms of the disease appeared;
• disease progression;
• the duration of the pathology;
• rehabilitation period;
• frequency of exacerbations.

When collecting an anamnesis, the specialist focuses on the following symptoms of the disease:

• pain sensations;
• the presence of depression;
• decreased function of the cranial nerves;
• sphincter disorder;
• signs of dysfunction of the limbs.

Also, the specialist finds out all the chronic pathologies in the patient, the presence of hereditary factors, what he had previously suffered infectious diseases. An experienced doctor immediately evaluates the patient's gait, movements, facial expressions during examination and history taking. All of these indicators play a leading role in the diagnosis.

Standard optimum neurological examination:

• examination of the neck and head;
• palpation of the abdominal organs;
• study of brain functions;
• study for the presence of twilight consciousness.

General inspection

In the process of collecting anamnesis, there is a need for additional methods for examining other systems of the patient's body. It all depends on the presence of chronic processes and the individual characteristics of the body. But there is a mandatory minimum neurological examination of the patient.

Objective diagnosis begins with an examination and evaluation of the following systems:

• cardio - vascular;
• respiratory;
• digestive;
• endocrine;
• musculoskeletal;
• urinary.

Study of higher brain functions

When collecting an anamnesis, the doctor will be able to quickly determine the mood of the patient, his attention, his manner of answering the questions posed, the nature of the clothes. When the patient listens attentively to the neurologist, specifically answers the questions, understands their meaning, then such behavior of the patient is assessed as normal, and there is no point in further testing.

If, on the contrary, the patient behaves inappropriately, his thoughts are confused, aggression is manifested, then an in-depth study of cognitive functions should be prescribed. The task of a specialist is to conduct a differential diagnosis between impaired brain functions and mental disorders.

In addition, the patient is prescribed a study:

• cranial nerves;
• arbitrary movements;
• coordination of movements;
• sensitivity;
• movement pathology;
• autonomic nervous system.

Conducting laboratory research methods are used in the field of anamnesis and general examination of the patient. If necessary, the patient is carried out. It is assigned for the following purposes:

• measurement of cerebrospinal fluid pressure and to obtain a sample of cerebrospinal fluid for a number of studies;
• as a therapeutic manipulation for the introduction of a number of drugs directly into the spinal cord;
• the introduction of air during the passage.

Checking reflexes and assessing syndromes

The most common reflexes include checking the patellar tendon reflex. The doctor uses a hammer to strike the tendon just below the kneecap. In a normal reaction, the leg straightens.

The reflex on the biceps muscle in the area of ​​the elbow joint is checked in the same way. As a result, the arm twitches and resembles a bend. You can check the presence of reflexes yourself. But such a diagnosis is difficult, a person cannot carefully bend, bend over. Reflex testing is painless and in a short period of time.

Meningeal Syndrome - Evaluation

Meningeal syndromes begin to manifest themselves with inflammation of the meninges (), with hemorrhage of blood in the subarachnoid region, and increased intracranial pressure. This includes neck stiffness, Kernig's syndrome. The study is carried out lying on your back.

During the clinical examination of the patient, the neurologist checks for the following symptoms:

• skin;
• tendon;
• vegetative;
• periosteal;
• mucosal reflexes.

Symptoms characteristic of meningeal syndrome:

• the patient cannot flex and straighten the muscles of the neck;
• Kernig's symptom is observed, the patient cannot straighten his leg, which he bent at a right angle;
• the patient cannot bear bright lights and loud voices;
• Brudzinsky's symptom appears;
• the patient constantly wants to cry;
• impaired coordination of movements and the onset of temporary paralysis.

On the arm, the doctor checks the biceps and triceps reflexes, as well as the carporadial reflex.

The following reflexes are evaluated:

1. Biceps reflex. Above the elbow, the doctor hits the tendon with a hammer. The patient's arm should be bent at the elbow joint.
2. Triceps reflex. With a hammer, the neurologist hits the tendon a couple of centimeters above the elbow joint. The patient's forearm should freely fall 90 degrees or the doctor himself supports the patient under the elbow.
3. Carporadial reflex. With a hammer, the neuropathologist strikes the styloid bone of the radius. The patient should bend the arm at the elbow to 100 degrees. The radius is on weight and the doctor holds it. Also, such a reflex can be checked in the supine position.
4. Achilles reflex test. The doctor, using a neurological hammer, strikes the Achilles tendon, which is located on the calf muscle. In this case, the patient can lie down and bend the leg alternately at a right angle or kneel on a chair so that the feet hang down.

Diagnostic methods and studies

Neurological examination of the patient also includes instrumental research methods and additional tests:

Neurological examination of infants

An important role in the diagnosis of a newborn is played by the collection of anamnesis during pregnancy. Next, all functions and reflexes are checked, according to the plan:

• examination of the cranial nerves;
• motion;
• checking reflex spheres;
• sensitivity testing;
• meningeal symptoms.

You can learn about how a pediatric neurologist conducts an examination and what he checks from the video clips:

On examination, the child should not cry, the temperature in the room should not exceed 25 degrees, the newborn should be fed.

The examination is carried out lying on the back. The neuropathologist conducts an examination, starting from the head and ending with the lower limbs. If necessary, the doctor prescribes an additional examination.

Modern research methods and qualified neuropathologists will help to diagnose and undergo treatment in time, in order to avoid serious complications and the transition of the disease to a chronic form.

Neurology is that branch of medicine, the main principles of which are focused on the study of the causes and mechanisms that contribute to the development of diseases of the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. Naturally, this also includes the development of appropriate methods for the treatment of this type of disease. As for the doctor who treats diseases of this group, then, you guessed it, he is a neuropathologist (or neurologist). It should be noted that this discipline is in close connection with neurosurgery, psychiatry and pediatrics.

A neurologist (aka neuropathologist) is a doctor who has received a higher medical education, as well as trained in the relevant specialization in this area (that is, in neurology). Delving deeper into the specialization under consideration, or rather into the possibility of realizing oneself as a specialist in this profile, we note that one can become a neuropathologist in Russia by graduating from the medical institute with a degree in pediatrics or general medicine, as well as having completed residency (neurology ).

Now let's take a closer look at what exactly a neurologist does, and he is engaged in the diagnosis and subsequent treatment of diseases associated with the activity of the nervous system. As we noted above, this is the central nervous system (spinal cord, brain), as well as the peripheral nervous system (that is, nerve fibers). In particular, among the diseases related to this profile, one can single out neuralgia, tumor formations of the spinal cord / brain, epileptic seizures, strokes, neuritis, encephalopathy and various types of circulatory disorders that are relevant to the brain. It is noteworthy that the vast majority of diseases of this type manifest themselves in combination with changes in behavioral and mental states, which, accordingly, requires the involvement of psychiatrists (in some cases, psychotherapists) in the treatment.

As far as child neurology is concerned, it differs significantly from the specifics of adult neurology. In particular, she focuses on diseases of the pediatric nervous system. A significant part of chronic diseases characterized by a severe course occurs during childhood (for example, it can be epilepsy), but the nervous system of children is so different from the characteristics of the adult nervous system that, for this reason, it provides for separating it into a separate field of medicine that, Of course, based on the above features, it is quite logical.

What diseases does a neurologist treat?

Diseases treated by a neurologist quite often occur in combination with paralysis, as well as loss of sensitivity (temperature, pain, etc.), mental disorders and convulsions. The immediate competence of specialists in the field of neurology includes the following conditions:

• facial, headache (Bell's palsy, migraine, tremor, tics, etc.);
• convulsions, epileptic seizures (impaired consciousness, loss of consciousness, etc.);
• back pain (sciatica, hernia, osteochondrosis, etc.);
• back and head injuries, including their consequences;
• stroke with its inherent consequences;
• Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, etc.

Neurologist's office: reception features

Probably, many are interested in what exactly the neurologist does, and therefore we will consider this issue in some more detail. So, the appointment of a neurologist implies, first of all, a patient's questioning about complaints regarding his well-being, as well as finding out the specific reasons and circumstances that contributed to his past visits to medical institutions. An anamnesis is also taken (that is, a study of the medical history) and an examination. Already after the initial consultation of a neurologist, which consists in the above points, this specialist decides what additional studies are needed to determine the complete picture of the patient's condition. So, a referral for MRI, a comprehensive analysis of functions relevant to the nervous system, etc. can be issued. Already on the basis of the examination, examinations and analyzes by the neurologist, the appropriate treatment for the patient is determined.

As for how a neurologist treats, everything here, of course, depends on the characteristics and specifics of the disease. So, for some diseases, the use of conservative therapy is sufficient, while for others, surgical intervention is indispensable. The required treatment tactics are selected strictly individually.

When to go to the neurologist?

Some symptoms may indicate that the consultation of a neurologist on the part of the patient is not only not superfluous, but also extremely necessary. So when should you see a neurologist? Let's highlight these symptoms:

• migraines, severe and frequent headaches;
• sleep disturbances in the form of frequent awakenings, insomnia and other things;
• tingling, numbness of the extremities;
• noise in ears;
• violations of coordination of movements;
• memory impairment;
• back pain;
• disorders of consciousness, fainting, dizziness.

The listed symptoms, despite their generalization, should not be ignored. When they appear, you should contact a neurologist or a therapist, a visit to which will allow you to determine the specialist you need in a particular case.

What does a neurologist see?

When visiting any doctor, naturally, any of us is interested in what exactly this doctor does and what exactly he looks at. Whether fears or a desire to avoid embarrassing situations - the peculiarities of experiences are a personal matter for everyone, however, the neurologist does not bypass this issue. We note right away that there is nothing over specific here. So, a consultation with a neurologist involves an initial examination of the patient while collecting information corresponding to the definition of his condition, which, in fact, we have already determined earlier. The survey implies a standard type of questions regarding age and marital status, characteristics of labor activity and other things. In addition, narrower questions may also be asked that relate to the identification of specific symptoms of a neurological disease, as well as the relevance of a genetic predisposition in relation to its subsequent development. The neurologist also listens to specific complaints from the patient in relation to the symptoms that disturb him and evaluates the general condition of his nervous system. Additionally, as we also previously identified, specific research methods can be prescribed, regarding the features of which the specialist will notify the patient in advance.

Reception of a neurologist: what does it include?

Medical services related to the mandatory range are as follows:

• collection of anamnesis (that is, a medical history) in case of relevance of the pathology or pathology of the peripheral nervous system;
• palpation, visual examination of the patient;
• manipulations regarding the study of the motor and sensitive areas, aimed at identifying pathologies in a specific profile of interest.

As for additional services, these may include ultrasound of the brain, as well as the appointment of the required drug therapy and dietary therapy for the patient in combination with a suitable therapeutic regimen for the existing pathology.

About 3 thousand years ago BC, for the first time, information flashed that the healers of those times had identified a disease in which paralysis of varying severity and a violation of sensitivity were found. They began to pay attention to the fact that patients have fainting, anxiety without any reason, nervousness, etc.

Since ancient times, such ailments as epilepsy and migraine began to appear and be investigated (as far as possible).

In the modern world, as a rule, there have been few changes and symptoms such as fainting, the inability to be in stuffy rooms, nervousness is a reason to worry seriously about your health and, first of all, seek advice from a neurologist.

In order to become a neurologist, it is not enough just to pass the entrance exams, You must have completed higher education in one of the following specialties:

• Pediatrics.
• Medical business.

Neurology- a rather complicated and difficult profession in which the doctor must know all the subtleties of his activity. The doctor must more than carefully know the causes of damage to the nervous system, symptoms, signs of diseases.

You should know all the subtleties of the nerve endings of the spinal cord and brain, the peripheral system and understand all the subtleties quite well

These include:

• Seizures.
• Sharp and sharp pains.
• Paralysis.
• Loss of sensation in the limbs (numbness).
• Movement inconsistency.

If the doctor is experienced, he should be able to do the following:

• Examine the patient.
• Interrogate him thoroughly.
• Determine which tests should be given to the patient for a more accurate diagnosis.
• Make the right choice of treatment.
• Determine which procedures need to be prescribed to the patient.
• To be able to talk with the patient, explain to him the cause of the disease, explain how to treat.
• Have experience in profiling the nervous system.

Surgical intervention procedures are not included in the duties of a neurologist, this work is assigned to the shoulders of a neurosurgeon.

What diseases are treated by neurologists?

A neurologist diagnoses and treats diseases that are directly related to the nervous system.

Among the ailments of this stage, the following stand out:

• Neuralgia.
• Epilepsy attacks.
• The formation of a tumor in the brain or spinal cord.
• Strokes.
• Violation of the blood circulation of the brain of the head.
• encephalopathy.

The main part of such ailments requires the involvement of neurologists, since they arise in close connection with changes in the mental state of the patient

Diseases that specialists closely deal with are closely related to the following disorders:

• Paralysis.
• Loss of sensation.
• Seizures.
• Headache.
• Pain in the face.
• Loss and impairment of consciousness.
• Stroke with consequences.
• Injuries that occurred in the back, head and consequences after them.
• Pain in the back area (hernia, osteochondrosis, sciatica, and others).

What symptoms should be referred to a neurologist?

This specialist should be contacted in many cases, namely:

• If you experience frequent, severe and unreasonable headaches.
• Migraines.
• With dizziness.
• The occurrence of tinnitus.
• With sleep disorders (frequent awakening at night, insomnia).
• Memory loss.
• Movement coordination is markedly impaired.
• With numbness of the hands or feet.
• Fainting.
• Manifestation of pain in the back.
• Tingling.
• Disorders of consciousness.

How is an appointment with a neurologist?

During the examination of the patient, the doctor clarifies in detail with him, the following nuances:

• Age.
• Having a family.
• Place of work and features of labor activity.
• Investigation of health complaints.
• Determination of reasons for contacting medical institutions.
• hereditary predisposition.

The doctor studies the history of the disease in great detail, then thoroughly examines the patient, examines the state of the nervous system.

At the first examination, an experienced doctor determines what additional studies will be needed to identify a more correct diagnosis. Thanks to the results of the tests, the patient is determined by a detailed and correct treatment.

The tactics of treatment are selected on an individual basis, based on it, it is revealed what kind of treatment the patient needs - surgical or medical

Methods of examination in neurology

The doctor examines the patient's condition, paying attention to various points, as a rule, he evaluates and checks the following:

• Examines and gives a qualified assessment of the activity of all organs and systems in the human body.
• Thoroughly examines the condition of the skin.
• Determines what body type.
• The specialist peers into the shape, size and symmetry of the head.
• The condition of the neck is diagnosed and the stiffness of the muscles at the back of the head is checked.
• Thorough examination of the chest.
• The organs of the peritoneum are carefully palpated.
• The spinal system is examined.

The doctor conducts an examination in detail and carefully, pays attention to the following:

• Checking the state of vision and the presence of various disorders.
• Examination of how the patient can be defined in space, time and own activities.
• Brain function is assessed.
• The functions of the cranial and cerebral nerve endings are being studied.
• It is checked how freely the patient can move in space.
• Checking the reflex system.

The nervous system performs many functions in the body, controls the work of the whole organism. Therefore, based on the patient's condition, his complaints, the examination can last from 15 minutes to several hours.

How qualified a specialist is when registering a patient, this plays a very important role

Causes of nervous diseases

The nervous system is the most vulnerable place in the human body, even minor disruptions in its activity significantly worsen the patient's life.

Illnesses can be an important impetus for the development of cardiovascular diseases and the gastrointestinal tract, so ignoring the signals that the body gives is simply a crime. Even when the first symptoms appear, it is a reason to immediately contact a specialist.

The causes of the lesion can be very different, any of the symptoms can cause their manifestation:

• Vascular disorders.
• received infections.
• Consequences of the defeat of all kinds of poisons and toxins
• Injuries received.
• The defeat of the body with both infectious and colds.
• Fatigue from physical labor and mental stress.
• Transferred stress.
• Heredity.

Classification of nervous diseases

Recently, the problem of the occurrence of vascular lesions of the nervous system has been quite acutely felt.

Such ailments are becoming more frequent, age is getting younger, and mortality will increase, many patients do not fully recover after illnesses, hence the maximum number of disabled people.

These types of diseases include stroke and cerebrovascular insufficiency chronic nature. Doctors consider hypertension or atherosclerosis to be the main causes.

Distinctly characterized by high fever, vomiting, nausea, impaired motor function.

An injury that entails a severe bruise, a concussion of the brain, can quite seriously affect the nervous system in a negative way and lead to a disorder of consciousness and memory, the onset of headaches, insomnia, very frequent awakening at night, bouts of vomiting and nausea.

Quite often there are diseases of a peripheral nature.

These include: sciatica, neuritis, plexitis - they all occur for one reason - hypothermia, various intoxications, past infections. They are expressed in frequent dizziness, nausea, pain in the head is quite strong.

The treatment and rehabilitation procedure is quite long. It can require a lot of time from the patient, doctor and relatives of the patient, mostly patience. Only an experienced doctor can prescribe a treatment technique, and quite often a consultation meeting is required to help choose which treatment may be required.

A neurologist is a specialist who deals with problems of the brain. An obsolete title is a neuropathologist. The specialty is subdivided into several profiles, for example, into a neurologist and a neurologist-epileptologist.

A neurologist specializes in the treatment of diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system.

What is the competence of a doctor

The doctor examines the brain, cerebrospinal fluid, nervous and peripheral systems. The services of a neurologist include solving problems such as:

• Recovery of patients after heart attacks, strokes and heart attacks.
• Diagnosis of diseases of the nervous system and the appointment of therapeutic therapy.
• Restoring the normal functioning of the brain.
• Restoration of nutrition and blood circulation of the brain.
• Appointment of sanitary-resort treatment.

A pediatric neurologist examines children up to a year old at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 months. An appointment with a neurologist in the first months of life is not needed.

A pediatric neurologist conducts a preventive examination every 3 months

Neurologist services include massage, reflexology and therapeutic exercises.

What diseases does a neurologist treat?

An adult and pediatric neurologist fixes such diagnoses as:

• Headaches.
• Migraine.
• Facial pain, including nervous tics, muscle tremors.
• Neuritis of the nerve of the face.
• Trigeminal neuralgia.
• Pain in the cervical region (for example, a herniated disc).

You should consult a neurologist if you experience pain in the cervical spine

• Pain in the chest.
• Heart attack, stroke and postoperative recovery.
• Back pain (osteochondrosis, hernia, sciatica).
• Diseases of the spine (lumbalgia, lumbago, pinched sciatic nerve).
• Muscle cramps.
• Epilepsy.
• various neuroses.
• Head injuries, craniocerebral injuries, concussion and brain bruises.
• Vegetative-vascular dystonia (VVD), dystonic syndrome.

The competence of the neurologist includes the treatment of vegetative-vascular dystonia

• Parkinson's disease.
• Polyneuropathy.
• Depression.
• Feelings of anxiety, panic attacks.
• Chronic fatigue.
• Insomnia.
• Scoliosis.

Neurologist treats pinched sciatic nerve

A pediatric neurologist often treats juvenile and childhood scoliosis, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, Tourette's syndrome, adolescent depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, perinatal posthypoxic encephalopathy in newborns.

In what cases it is necessary to apply

An adult patient and children over 14 years of age can make an appointment with a neurologist if the following symptoms are detected:

• Noise in ears.
• Aching drawing pain in spine.
• Insomnia, accompanied by awakenings more than three times a night.
• Loss of coordination during movement.
• Fingers and/or toes become numb and tingle.

Tingling fingers - a symptom of a malfunction of the nervous system

• Frequent tics and spasms of the limbs.
• Frequent headaches, dizziness, migraines.
• Weakness and lethargy.
• Memory disorders.
• Deterioration of the sense organs, such as hearing and smell.

You should immediately make an appointment with a doctor if even a single fainting has occurred. Such signs can indicate many diseases.

Loss of consciousness in history requires consultation with a neurologist

You need to make an appointment with a pediatric specialist if you have the following symptoms:

• Sleep disturbed.
• Cases of twitching of the limbs (especially with an increase in temperature) have become more frequent.
• Light sleep, insomnia, frequent awakenings (especially at night).
• General distraction.
• The child gets tired quickly.
• There are complaints of dizziness.
• There was irritation.
• Frequent regurgitation in the chest.
• The baby's chin and limbs are shaking.
• Pinching fingers.

An examination by a pediatric neurologist is required if the child does not sleep well and gets tired quickly

What tests and diagnostic methods does

After a consultation with a neurologist is received, a specialist gives a referral for examinations to confirm the diagnosis. Depending on the results of the reception, this may be:

• Doppler ultrasound of the arteries of the arms and legs.
• Doppler ultrasound of the veins of the arms and legs.
• Ultrasound duplex scanning of the cervical vessels.
• Ultrasound duplex transcranial scanning of the cervical and head vessels.
• Ultrasound of the brain (often used by a pediatric neurologist for patients under one year old).
• Neuroorthopedic examination.
• Orthopedic diagnostics.
• Electroneuromyography of the upper and lower extremities.

To diagnose diseases, a neurologist may prescribe dopplerography of the veins of the legs.

• Electroencephalography of the brain.
• Magnetic resonance imaging.
• CT scan.
• Radiography.
• Neurosonography.
• Ultrasound of the cervical and lumbar spine.

A pediatric neurologist often uses the stem auditory evoked potential method. It is often necessary to sign up for examinations 1-2 weeks in advance.

For diagnostic purposes, a neurologist prescribes an ultrasound scan of the cervical spine

How is the reception

When making an appointment with a neurologist, you must request your medical card. First of all, the doctor will get acquainted with previous diagnoses and complaints.

The standard reception scheme is as follows:

The reception of a pediatric neurologist is as follows: the baby is placed on the changing table. The specialist pays attention to the condition of the skin, the shape and size of the head, the position in which the baby is comfortable. The doctor fixes the reaction to sound and light, the activity of the child.

Pediatric neurologist at the reception reveals the degree of activity of the child

Where does the specialist take? You can go through a neurologist at the clinic at the place of residence (it is necessary to make an appointment). Also, the services of a neurologist are provided in private clinics (a doctor can take without an appointment).

In order to less often seek the advice of a specialist, the following rules should be observed:

• Refuse to take any alcohol and tobacco. Such bad habits adversely affect the state of the nervous system.
• Sleep and wakefulness should be observed. The optimal sleep schedule is 9 hours.
• Every day after waking up, you should do gymnastics.

To prevent the development of diseases of the nervous system, morning exercises should be performed daily.

• It is necessary to limit TV viewing and computer work. Breaks of 10-15 minutes should be taken every hour.
• In the daily routine you need to include walking for 40-60 minutes.
• You need to try to reduce the emotional and mental stress, avoid stressful situations.
• To strengthen the nervous system, you need to eat fresh vegetables and fruits, take vitamins.

What diseases are within the competence of a neurologist, you will learn from the video: