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The presence of central heating in the apartment is, of course, convenient, since the owners "do not have a headache" in this regard. But, unfortunately, it is not always practical, since the temperature in the rooms begins to directly depend on the thermal regime established in the common boiler room. In addition, such a system is not immune from emergencies that may occur in any area. her length, as a result of which the entire house is often turned off from heating. A lot of difficulties also arise during the periods of the "off-season", when early cold snaps are ahead of planned the beginning of the heating season, or, conversely, the batteries are heated when the weather is too warm outside.

Despite violations of temperature regimes and temporary shutdowns of the house from heating, payment for it remains unchanged, which absolutely not beneficial ordinary users. Therefore, in recent years, a trend has been gaining momentum, when more and more owners of apartments in high-rise buildings resort to installing autonomous heating systems.

Those who decide to “separate” usually have numerous questions related to the various nuances of this procedure. Therefore, it will be further considered individual heating in an apartment building - necessary documents and installation rules for him.

Advantages and disadvantages of autonomous heating in an apartment

Before deciding on such a radical replacement, it is necessary to evaluate all the pros and cons of an individual heating system.

So, Benefits availability of an autonomous heating system are as follows:

• The possibility of heating the apartment in the off-season, when the central system is not yet turned on or already turned off, in accordance with the established regional standards, which are based on the ambient temperature, during these seasons it is very unstable and with large daily fluctuations.
• The ability to maintain the required temperature in the rooms, which is much more difficult to organize with central heating, since it does not take into account the location of the apartment and the degree of its insulation. Probably, it is not necessary to explain that the apartments located inside the house, and the corner ones, and even substituted for the prevailing winter winds, still require a differentiated approach to heating. However, to balance consumption spending, payment for warmth is charged in the same way, usually based on the area of ​​​​the apartment.

Therefore, by installing autonomous heating in apartments, you can and should immediately take into account the specifics of the location of the rooms, getting a comfortable microclimate in any of them, and considerable savings in money.

• Autonomous heating can be easily adjusted to individual operating modes. For example, it makes no sense to drown "to the full" if at the moment all the tenants are absent. It would be more logical to only maintain the required level of heating. But by the time the owners arrive, the automation will “catch up” with heat so that the rooms have the optimum temperature.

Many modern control systems, in addition, are able to independently respond to changing weather conditions. They can also be controlled remotely using GSM or IP communication channels.

• The reduction in operating costs will also occur due to significantly lower energy consumption, since modern gas or electric equipment is designed for optimal energy consumption - they have high efficiency rates approaching 100 percent.
• When installing, it is quite possible to refuse from the central hot water supply system, providing your family with hot water autonomously. This means that an apartment equipped with such a unit will not depend on hot water maintenance during the summer, and there will always be hot water in it.

• Another category of advantages is the fact that you have to pay for central heating in the summer, as it requires constant maintenance. By installing an autonomous heating option, payments will be made only by gas (or electric) meter, that is, it will be possible to directly control energy consumption and the cost of heating and hot water supply, analyze and find ways to further save.

However, there are considerable difficulties in transferring an apartment to individual heating, and they can be attributed to shortcomings its arrangement:

• All work must be carried out legally and in compliance with all the requirements necessary for this process. Unauthorized reconstruction, firstly, will not save you from paying utility bills for heating and hot water supply. And secondly, it also threatens with a serious administrative punishment in the form of a rather large fine.
• There will be difficulties associated with the preparation of documentation for disconnection from central communications, the development of a project, as well as obtaining permission to install equipment.
• It will be necessary to allocate or equip a room with a proper ventilation system for the installation of a heating unit.
• Installation of the system belongs to the work of a rather high category of complexity.
• Considerable costs will be required, both in the preparation of documents and in the acquisition of everything necessary for the arrangement of autonomous heating and hot water supply. And this is without taking into account the installation work.
• All responsibility for carrying out operational and preventive measures, as well as for the safety of the system, lies entirely with the owner of the apartment. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that all the named processes related to autonomous heating will be controlled by the relevant specialized organizations, whose representatives the owner of the apartment will have to provide access to the installed equipment.

However, even taking into account all the upcoming difficulties and significant initial costs, an autonomous heating system is in all respects much more profitable than central heating and hot water. In practice, it will quickly pay for itself and will serve reliably for many years.

A package of necessary documents for "autonomization"

In order to organize autonomous heating in an apartment, you will have to do some redevelopment, and this, as you know, is a fairly labour intensive. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that the execution of permits can take from three to five months, and installation work - about a week. In this regard, the preparation process must begin in advance.

Preliminary approvals and obtaining permits

So, the first step is to decide on the documents that will be required in order to start developing a project, purchasing equipment, and then installing an autonomous system. The list of documents approved by Art. 26 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation "The basis for the reconstruction and (or) redevelopment of residential premises."

Any reorganization of the residential premises is carried out taking into account the established requirements and in agreement with the local authorities. For approval, it is necessary to collect a package of documents, which includes standard constitutive documents for the ownership of this housing, which include the following:

• Application-petition for the reconstruction of housing. The application form is standard and approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.
• Certificate of State registration of the right to own an apartment - this may be the right of inheritance or an agreement on the transfer of housing ownership. You will need a copy of the document certified by a notary.
• Technical passport for the apartment - a photocopy certified by a notary.
• The project of the redevelopment of the apartment, made in accordance with the established form.
• A certified copy of the document, which indicates all the persons registered in the apartment.
• Consent to the reconstruction of the heating system from all residents of the apartment. This document is drawn up on one sheet, which lists all the persons living in the apartment, and then they put down their signatures, confirming their consent.
• A document from an organization for the protection of architectural monuments, if the house where the reconstruction is planned belongs to the category of architectural monuments.

The applicant should remember that self-government bodies do not have the right to demand other documents that are not provided for in this article. After accepting the package with documentation for consideration, the applicant must be issued a receipt of receipt, with a list of accepted documents.

Consideration and decision on consent or refusal should be carried out no later than through 45 days from the date of submission of documentation. The document developed by the commission must be issued to the applicant no later than 3rd working days after the decision.

According to the norms and rules for the technical operation of housing, which are approved by the State Construction Committee of Russia No. 170 of 27. 09.03. , a refusal to redevelop or reorganize the residential premises may follow if these actions worsen the living conditions of all or individual residents of the building where the applicant’s apartment is located.

However, that's not all. The list of documents indicates a redevelopment project, which must be approved by the controlling organizations of gas and heat supply, since permission must be obtained to disconnect from the central heating system and install gas equipment. And after obtaining such permits, a project for redevelopment and installation of an autonomous system is drawn up, which must be agreed with the relevant authorities.

Therefore, it is necessary to prepare all the above documents, since they will have to be presented in all organizations that directly affect the drafting of the project. Documentation is done in the following order:

• The first organization you need to contact is the city or district heating networks. It is there that they give permission to turn off the heating circuit of the apartment from the central heating system. Consent can be issued if the shutdown does not lead to disruption of the engineering equipment of nearby apartments or the entire house as a whole. In principle, there can be no other reasons for refusal.

If an unreasonable refusal is received from this organization, then this is a reason to apply to the courts. It should be noted that sometimes an application for disconnection is submitted through the self-government organization of the housing stock.

• Then, with the letter of consent received, you must contact the gas service of the district or city for technical specifications for the installation of autonomous heating. This document must be issued within 10 days from the date of the applicant's application.
• After receiving the technical specifications, taking all the documentation for the apartment, you can go to the design or energy organization that is involved in the preparation of such projects. If the boiler was purchased before the drafting of the project, and it meets all the requirements for installation in an apartment of a multi-storey building, then documentation for it should also be submitted to the design organization. The project will be prepared taking into account the technical conditions provided.

Most of the requirements imposed by regulatory organizations, including the gas service, are spelled out in the document “Heating, ventilation and air conditioning”, paragraph 6.2 “Individual heat supply systems” SNiP 41 - 01-2003.

To free yourself from going to all instances, you can entrust the execution and approval of all necessary documents to the design organization. In some regions of Russia, this function is taken over by the gas service. Naturally, all this additional work is carried out for a fee.

Autonomous heating project

Separately, it must be said about the project for the reconstruction of heating. First of all, before contacting the specialists who will perform the design work, you need to carefully study the technical conditions used in the preparation of the project, and it is desirable to draw up a preliminary sketch of the approximate location of the heating elements.

Its exact location can be determined after specialists study the plan of the apartment, which is in the technical passport.

So, the project is a necessary document when carrying out any reconstruction of a dwelling. Based on it, a new heating circuit and a heating boiler will be installed. How correctly and accurately this document will be drawn up, and then, according to it, the equipment will be installed, how efficiently it will work.

The project includes data on external and internal factors that determine the type of heating:

• The climatic conditions of the region in which the house is located.
• Engineering and technical characteristics of the building.
• Available energy sources on which the heating system can operate.
• Technical characteristics of heated housing - the number of rooms, the presence of loggias, as well as the area and volume of the premises.
• The financial side of the issue.

Based on these data, not only the installation location of the heating unit is selected, but also its type, as well as power.

To make heating efficient and economical, it is recommended to entrust the development of its project to specialists. This stage is best handled by energy companies that themselves control or interact with organizations approving the heating sector, with whom the project will subsequently be coordinated, which will accurately ensure the correctness of its preparation, and hence approval.

To get a positive result and an optimal technical solution, the customer must work closely with the organization that develops the project. In the process of creating a project, several options are usually considered. The customer chooses the one that suits him the most, after which the technical parameters of the unit and all the necessary equipment are determined. The project is being developed in several stages:

• If the customer did not provide his own version of the sketch, then work begins with it.
• A heating circuit diagram is being developed, on the basis of which the system will be installed.
• Documentation for the designed heating system is being prepared.
• An estimate is being made.

If this work is entrusted to professionals, then at each specific stage of project development, specialists in the field of heat supply, ventilation, architecture, as well as energy supply will participate in it.

The project consists of several parts, which present certain data from different aspects of the project:

• Descriptive part gives information about the content and significance of the project. This section of the document, in turn, is divided into several paragraphs, where the following technical data is placed:

- the location of the apartment or house, if it is planned to mount it in the private sector;

- the location of residential premises and features of the layout.

In the descriptive section of the document, the data on the technical characteristics of the premises are specified, taking into account their location and the climatic features of the region where the building is located. This description is necessary in order to determine the types and types of heating equipment. This information will subsequently be used to carry out calculations and determine the power that the heating system should have, as well as the temperature parameters in the apartment.

• Technological calculations - this is the main part of the project, which summarizes the parameters of the volume of the required energy carrier when the unit is operating in different modes, as well as the optimal temperature of the coolant, which provides the necessary heating of the apartment's rooms. It is especially important to determine the power of the heating and hot water supply boiler, since on the basis of these calculations, equipment and accessories for it are selected.

In the same part, heat losses during space heating are calculated, on the basis of which it will be possible to draw conclusions about the efficiency of the system.

The calculated parameters will also show how appropriate this or that wiring and the type of connection of radiators to the system circuit. The calculations also include the use of automatic control devices in the heating system.

Further, all the data obtained is necessarily reflected in the scheme of the heating system, which will become a guide for the installers during the work. Deviations from the scheme developed by specialists and approved can lead to a failure to put the system into operation, which is allowed by the selection committee.

• Specification . This section contains data on the main materials and elements of the heating system, and their main technical characteristics. This part of the project also includes a diagram of the heating system with marked nodes and devices listed in the list.

This information is key to calculating the hydrostatics of the system, as well as the required heating temperature. If these calculations are carried out incorrectly, then the system will be inefficient, and the gas flow will be exceeded.

• Graphic image - this is an important section of the project, which visually represents how the overall design of the heating system will look like. This part of the project is carried out with the help of special computer programs, most often in three-dimensional projection.

When submitting an application for the development of a project, it is necessary to clarify for specialists the reasons for switching to an autonomous type of heating. The more justifications there are, the more accurate the calculations will be, since specialists will know what to pay special attention to when carrying out them.

A copy of the project documents must be submitted to the gas company, which will continue to service the installed equipment.

Gas boiler for autonomous heating of an apartment

When drawing up a project, experts will offer options for boilers that can be used for installation in an individual apartment heating system. However, you need to independently study some information related to the choice of the unit.

First of all, it is worth referring to Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 307, paragraph 44 of 16. 04.12. , which considers the connection of heat supply systems. This resolution provides a list of heat and power devices that do not meet the established requirements, and therefore are prohibited for installation in apartments of multi-storey buildings. After studying this document, it will be possible to immediately decide which devices of which designs cannot be installed in an autonomous heating system of an apartment.

So, the list of boilers that can be used in apartments of multi-storey buildings includes units that operate on natural gas and meet the following requirements:

• Having a closed (sealed) combustion chamber.
• Mandatory availability of automatic shutdown of the fuel supply in the event of a power outage, extinction of the burner flame, if there are malfunctions in the protection circuit, with insufficient pressure inside the system, which may fall below the limit value, when the coolant is heated above the limit temperature, as well as in case of malfunctions in the flue system .
• With an allowable coolant temperature in the system not higher than 95˚.
• The coolant pressure is not more than 1 MPa.

In addition, boilers are single-circuit, used only for heating an apartment, and double-circuit, designed for both heating and water heating. When applying and collecting documents, this factor should also be indicated. This is due to the fact that the heating networks must give consent to disconnect the apartment not only from heating, but also from the hot water system.

Next, you need to decide on the design of the heating unit, as it can be wall or floor. For installation in a modern apartment, the wall-mounted version of gas equipment is most often chosen, since such boilers are compact in size and quite aesthetic design, reminiscent in appearance. Since the chimney from the heating boiler must go outside, it will be convenient to place it on an external wall, with this installation there will be no problems with the location of the pipe in the room. As a rule, there is a window on the outer wall, which will solve the problems with the ventilation of the room. Usually, the power of a wall-mounted boiler is sufficient to heat a standard apartment with proper wall insulation and the presence of euro windows with double-glazed windows.

Rooms in the apartment where a gas boiler can be installed

Separately, a few words must be said about the room for installing a gas boiler, since it cannot be placed in any room, according to the preference of the owners.

The room for the placement of gas heating equipment must meet certain safety requirements, which include the following:

• Do not install gas equipment in a residential area.
• The area of ​​the room should not be less than 4 square meters.
• The entrance door to the room with the installed boiler must be at least 800 mm wide.
• The room should be equipped with a window facing the street.
• The boiler is mounted on the wall or installed on the floor, at a distance, which must be at least 300 mm from other gas equipment, such as a gas stove.
• Indoors, it is necessary to find the possibility of output to the street, that is, through the wall. The outlet of the pipe into the general house ventilation duct is not allowed.
• Some heating units require forced ventilation in the room, that is, you will have to install an exhaust fan on the window. This will be specified in the specifications.
• A wall-mounted boiler must be fixed to a wall built of non-combustible material, and for a floor boiler it is necessary to make fire-resistant flooring, for example, lay ceramic floor tiles.

Without fulfilling these requirements, the commission signing the acceptance certificate will not give its consent to the commissioning of an autonomous heating system.

Based on the characteristics of the room, we can conclude that the unit can be installed in the kitchen or in a pre-insulated loggia combined with it. Since the gas boiler is tied to the main energy supply pipeline, which is connected to the kitchen room of the apartment, it is this one that is optimal for the location of the heating unit.

In addition, the kitchen is necessarily equipped with a window facing the street and a door of the required width. And, besides, a general house ventilation channel is connected to it, which is also necessary for placing an apartment "boiler room".

How to choose a gas heating boiler?

In order for the purchased boiler to fully meet the to its parameters of the created system heating, was reliable and easy to use, it is necessary to be guided by a number of criteria for evaluating such equipment when purchasing. - read in a separate publication of our portal.

Autonomous electric heating

The arrangement of electric heating is much simpler than gas heating. If only because there is a wider choice of where to install the boiler or other equipment, since the power supply is distributed throughout the apartments, and ventilation and exhaust systems for combustion products are not required.

When planning the installation of electric heating, first of all, you need to consult the institution of Energonadzor (or a similar organization). It is necessary to check the availability of resources in the house for the allocation of additional energy. If a written consent is received in this organization, then with it and with a request to disconnect the apartment from the centralized heat supply, it is necessary to contact the heating network service.

The list of other documentation should be clarified with the energy company and with self-government bodies. The fact is that when installing electric heating in different regions of the country, the requirements for its installation can vary significantly. The only thing to note is that the number of documents and approvals will be much less compared to the gas option for heating an apartment.

Thanks to modern technology, today you can choose one of two options for electric heating. One involves the use of a heating unit with a conventional piping for the circulation of the coolant. The second involves direct heating by separately installed devices or systems - electric convectors, infrared heaters, "" systems.

Heating using an electric boiler

The system using a coolant, that is, piping and radiators remain in place. But they are connected to an electric heating boiler, and the coolant will be heated from it, and not from the central heating main.

Most modern models of electric heating units are equipped with automatic control. Therefore, the system can be programmed in such a way that the heating of the premises to the required temperature indicators will not occur constantly, but only at the time set by the owners. You can save a lot on this function, for example, using a nightly reduced rate for “charging” heat accumulator.

Wall-mounted electric boilers are on sale, which can have a power of 5 ÷ 60 kW, as well as floor options, their power exceeds 60 kW.

Which one to choose, experts will tell you when submitting documents for drafting an electric heating system, in which there will be a diagram of its arrangement. The choice of the boiler will depend on the area and location of the apartment in the house, the degree of its insulation, the number of windows and balconies, as well as the frame material. Usually, when choosing the power of the boiler, they rely on the established technological standards, that is, 1 kW of electricity per 10 "squares" of area.

We must not lose sight of the fact that if a unit with a power exceeding 9 kW is purchased, then there will be a need to re-equip the apartment electrical network and install a three-phase meter. If it is planned to install a heating boiler of a larger capacity, then before purchasing it, it is necessary to consult and obtain written permission from the local energy company.

It should be borne in mind that household electric boilers are not designed for a large number of radiators, respectively, their installation is optimal for heating small areas, up to 80 - 90 m². In addition to the boiler, "warm floor" systems can be used, which consume electricity quite economically.

Electrical units operate according to a standard automatic heating system. The coolant (water or antifreeze) is heated, passing through the boiler, and then enters the heating circuit with radiators installed in it. Passing this path, the coolant cools down and returns to the boiler for heating, etc. In order for the circulation to be more intense and the radiators to warm up faster, a circulation pump is installed in the heating circuit.

Electric boiler, unlike gas equipment, can be installed in any utility room where it is convenient to draw a power line, and from where it will be easier to carry out the general wiring of the heating circuit pipes. Most often, a kitchen or a bathroom is also chosen for this. But sometimes it is also mounted in the corridor, sinking the wiring of the circuit pipes into the wall surfaces.

What is an electric heating boiler?

The variety of such devices is quite large, and, not only in terms of size, power and other operational parameters, but even in terms of the principle of heating. Read more about this in a special article on our portal dedicated to.

Direct space heating with electrical appliances

Heating using separate electrical appliances or underfloor heating, which can be combined or operated separately, is called a direct heating system.

This option is preferable to choose if there is a desire to get rid of numerous pipes and volumetric radiators, since, for example, electric convectors have a more aesthetic appearance and compact size. The "warm floor" system can be cable rod or film - but in any case, it is generally invisible to the eye.

When combining individual devices into a single system, it is possible to connect it to a common control unit, with the help of which the temperature regimes are set by time of day and by day of the week, taking into account the daily routine of the family.

When choosing any type of electric heating, for safety reasons, it is necessary to provide grounding, without which a permit to put the system into operation will not be issued.

The advantage of electric heating is that it is safer than gas heating. And compared to the central system, it can be easily and very accurately regulated, setting the required temperature.

The main disadvantage of the electrical system is that in the event of a power outage, the apartment will be left not only without lighting, but also without heating. Therefore, if in a particular locality this phenomenon is repeated with frightening constancy, then it is better to opt for autonomous gas heating of an apartment. In addition, the obvious "minuses" include very high tariffs for electricity.

Features of the arrangement of electric heating are the observance of certain conditions that are not provided for the gas version of heating. So, experts recommend:

• Conduct for electric heating system from distribution shield a separate power cable, which stabilizes the load on the general house electrical network.
• RCD systems are installed today in all apartments of new buildings equipped with autonomous electric heating. If it is not there, then you will have to attend to the acquisition of such a block. It - reliable protection against electric shock when it leaks to the instrument case.
• It is highly desirable to install a two-tariff meter, which will help save money if the heat supply to the premises takes place during preferential hours.

Devices and systems for direct space heating - what to choose?

The variety of such devices is extremely wide. With you can get acquainted in a special article of the portal. Another publication will describe in detail the varieties and specific features various systems.

Installation of an autonomous heating system

Disconnecting the apartment from the central heating and hot water supply lines, as well as installing a gas and electric boiler, is carried out only by specialists from energy companies who have a special documented permit to carry out such work.

Such rules have been introduced to comply with all safety conditions both during installation and during the operation of the equipment. We must not forget that in an apartment building there are many neighboring apartments with people in them. Don't put your life and theirs in danger.

You can take on the laying of pipes and the arrangement of heating radiators, the installation of other necessary elements of the system. But even then - only if you have good skills in conducting such operations.

In this publication, dwelling on the installation order does not make much sense. The fact is that with all the details it is set out in a special article of the portal.

The nuances of installing a water heating system

Whether a gas boiler is installed, or an electric one, otherwise the wiring of the pipe circuit, the installation of radiators, additional appliances and parts are almost the same. How it is carried out in a house or apartment - the recommended link will lead you to the corresponding detailed instructions.

Before deciding to abandon centralized heating and hot water supply, it is necessary to weigh all the positive and negative aspects of autonomous heating of the apartment. And only after such a comparison and a thoughtful analysis - to start collecting documents.

One more small clarification. It may also happen that, having disconnected the apartment from heat supply and hot water supply, you still have to pay for general house heating. But these amounts will be quite miserable, compared to those that were indicated on a monthly basis in the payment order earlier.

And in conclusion - a short video that will also help weigh all the "pros" and "contras" of an autonomous heating system in an apartment

Video: Advantages and disadvantages of an autonomous apartment heating system

Saving money and energy resources largely depends on the method of supplying energy to apartments. The issue of choosing a system is considered one of the most relevant for the owners of modern apartments. This is due to rapidly rising fuel prices, significant heat losses, inefficient use of heat energy and an unstable heat supply schedule. Most of these problems can be solved by autonomous heating in an apartment building.

The most optimal solution is considered to be heating with connection to the central gas pipeline or electrical network. For apartments, it is advisable to use wall-mounted boilers, which are also divided into gas and electric.

Benefits of an autonomous system

With decentralized heating, the quality of services does not depend on external conditions, but on the power of the equipment used, which allows you to get a comfortable temperature at any time of the year. Compared to a centralized system, individual heating has a number of advantages:

1. Reducing the cost of paying for heat. Autonomous equipment can be used if necessary, independently adjusting the heating indicators. In the event of departure, the system can be completely turned off, which will significantly save money.
2. Service quality improvement. Everyone who decides to transfer housing to autonomous heating, note the improvement in the quality of heating. This is due to the absence of heat leakage, which often occurs in a centralized system. In addition, the installed heating element is located in close proximity to the apartment, which reduces the time for supplying resources, reduces the cost of maintaining, servicing and repairing networks.
3. Independence from general city traffic and the beginning of the heating season, as well as accidents on the highway, problems with the work of utilities and other factors.
4. Saving natural resources, which is achieved through the rational use of energy.

Disadvantages of autonomous heating systems

1. The need for repair. Any heating system requires regular checks and maintenance. The efficiency of the equipment may be reduced due to the long absence of maintenance, which should be carried out annually. Some owners often forget about this or avoid expenses, which often leads to serious breakdowns.
2. Reduced efficiency of equipment due to lack of heating in neighboring apartments. This problem is relevant for new apartment buildings, where a large number of apartments are empty for a long time. Common walls with neighboring empty rooms remain cold, which reduces the level of heating in the occupied apartments. The owners solve this problem by installing modern heating systems in each apartment, the equipment ensures automatic maintenance of the minimum heat level without constant monitoring.
3. Transfer to autonomous heating requires obtaining permits for the installation of the selected equipment.

Significant difficulties can also be caused by the choice of a place for a separate boiler room, most often the system has to be installed in the courtyard of a multi-storey building. For a gas boiler house, you will need to make an auxiliary unit for removing exhaust gases.

Boiler houses

To organize decentralized heating for an entire apartment building, it is necessary to install a boiler room. The best option in this case is to use a separate room at a short distance from the house. There are also projects that involve placement in the basement or in the attic. In such systems, several massive boilers are combined with collectors and heaters, often using several heating circuits.

A full-fledged freestanding boiler room is an expensive system that pays off after a long time. A popular alternative is a modular or block design. For such a boiler house, a separate small platform is allocated, on which blocks are installed and connected into a single system. All elements are completed at the factory, each device is selected in accordance with the technical parameters.

The most important thing is to correctly connect all the blocks, perform commissioning and commission the system.

Features of wall equipment

Wall-mounted gas and electric boilers are the most popular and efficient solution for autonomous heating. The expediency of using such installations is due to the following factors:

1. Due to its compact size, the equipment can be installed even in small-sized kitchens, while their appearance does not violate the integrity of the interior.
2. By its design, the boiler is a mini-boiler room, it consists of a circulation pump, an expansion tank and sensors that ensure maximum safety in use.
3. Modern equipment is designed for high power for 35 kW, which is enough to heat 100 sq.m.
4. The choice is represented by single-circuit and double-circuit boilers. The latter option also serves to heat water.

Electrical heating systems

To date, electrical equipment for decentralized heating is considered the most economical. In the operation of such devices, as a rule, the principle of water polarization under the influence of alternating current is used.

Connecting one apartment involves a simple autonomous system with the installation of an electric boiler with an anode operating principle. The use of double-circuit systems implies the possibility of arranging underfloor heating through a separate circuit. For small rooms, the best option would be special batteries with individual heating, which allow you to independently adjust the heat indicators.

A more complex process is the transfer of the entire residential building to an autonomous electrical system. To do this, you should first resolve issues with the substation, calculate the expected load on the power grid in accordance with the power of the transformer. If necessary, switchgears should be replaced. This event must be coordinated with the energy company.

Important! Most older systems and wiring will not be able to handle the heavy loads. Therefore, in a house converted to autonomous heating, it is recommended to replace incandescent lamps with LED sources, as well as to reduce other energy costs.

Gas equipment

It is quite difficult to install gas equipment for decentralized heating systems, since the installation requires a pre-prepared technical project, permits and high competence of specialists.

Connection of one apartment involves the installation of a gas boiler, in which the specialist seals the equipment and records it in the logbook. Installation of gas appliances requires a powerful ventilation system. It is this factor that in most cases is the reason for refusals to issue permits. This problem can be solved with the help of a separate chimney, which is brought out with the installation of a filter. A conventional ventilation system will not work in this case; an additional supply valve must be added to it.

For the apartment, wall-mounted installations with two circuits are used - they provide enough power to heat a small room and at the same time serve as a boiler for heating water. The gas boiler is equipped with an open or closed combustion chamber and does not require additional installation of a flue. The fan performs the function of supplying and extracting air from the street, and the combustion products are eliminated through special pipes. The device does not need a separate room and can be installed in the kitchen, as this is the most ventilated room.

The economical use of heat resources already over the next few years of operation makes it possible to recoup the cost of the boiler. A multi-stage safety system protects the equipment from overheating in the event of a water pump breakdown, and the burner automatically shuts off. External temperature sensors with the help of external control keep the optimum level of heat and stabilize the intensity of water heating.

Conditions for placing wall-mounted heating boilers

Certain requirements are imposed on the premises in which a wall-mounted gas or electric boiler will be placed.

1. Compliance with the conditions ensures the maintenance of a comfortable temperature in the cold season, as well as a high level of safety during operation.
2. The room should not be less than 4 square meters. m in area, the ceiling height is more than 2.5 m, and the width of the entrance opening is more than 80 cm.
3. The room should have at least one window for natural light.
4. Other gas or electrical appliances are not recommended to be placed closer than 40 cm near the boiler.
5. In addition to arranging ventilation, it is necessary to install a layer of fireproof material between the boiler and the wall.

Important! Individual heating of an apartment building is an effective system, but its work will be fruitless if you do not reduce heat losses that have arisen from the structural problems of the building. To do this, it is necessary to replace obsolete window blocks, insulate the walls of the building from the outside, as well as the roof and attic floor.

Features of installation work

The installation of a gas boiler differs from an electric one, first of all, by the need to equip a chimney and a ventilation system. In the case of electrical equipment, only a separate water and drain connection is required.

The equipment must be installed on a solid load-bearing wall, a certain height is selected before installation, marks are placed and the strips are fixed in the places of future fastening. The recommended installation height from the floor is 1 to 1.5 m. The equipment is supplied with wiring diagrams and manufacturer's instructions, which must be followed during installation work. Depending on the installed pipes, a coupling, threaded or flanged connection method is used. Compression fittings and cold welding are also used.

An autonomous heating system is a high-performance module of an apartment building, which can significantly reduce the cost of paying for heat energy. Boilers for the whole house and boilers for individual apartments require special measures for the maintenance and repair of equipment, but all costs are offset by savings in money and resources. One system is able to fully meet the needs of residents in high-quality heating and timely supply of hot water.

Instead of a preface

September was always the worst month for me, the nights were already getting cold, it was starting to rain, the temperature in the apartment fluctuated around 20 degrees, or even less, but the heating was always turned on in early October. Until they had to hold out. How?

I took out my faithful home “fur coat” from the closet - a bathrobe, put on woolen socks and bought packs of green tea. All this arsenal helped to somehow warm up until October. Especially this article will be appreciated by hypotensive patients, and in general by people with problematic vessels, who even in the heat have cold feet and hands.

A few years ago I decided to improve my living conditions and bought an apartment in a new building. But I became the owner of not a simple apartment, but with individual heating, or in a simple way - with a boiler.

Today there are more and more such projects. Not only townhouses are equipped with boilers, but also ordinary low- and mid-rise apartment buildings. In my house, by the way, 9 floors. In Moscow, all new buildings with central heating, but in New Moscow and, especially in the Moscow region, there are projects with individual heating: LCD "May", LCD "Pavlovsky Quarter" (OPIN), LCD "ZaMitino", LCD "Novogorsk Park", etc. .

So, if you live in an apartment with central heating, but are looking for an apartment (or townhouse) with a boiler, you need to know a few things about it. I will say right away that in this text there will be no praises for the boiler, because this type of heating is not suitable for everyone. But, if it does, then it will be impossible to get away from the boiler.

Advantages of an apartment with a boiler

I have a German Buderus boiler installed in my apartment. There are other common brands: Viessmann, Baxi, Bosch, Vaillant, Navien. There are also domestic brands - Rostovgazapparat, Lemax, ATON. As the owner of an apartment with a boiler, I now “sit” on several specialized forums where we all share useful information, pluses and minuses.

First, about the good, about the benefits. I have only 3 meters in my apartment: for cold water, for gas and for electricity. All. I don't pay for central heating or hot water. That is why I am not afraid of planned and emergency shutdowns of hot water. Operation "basin" is a thing of the past.

I am no longer afraid of September, when the apartment becomes uncomfortable, cold and I have to walk in three pants, socks and a bathrobe to stop chattering my teeth. I can set the thermostat to the temperature I want, whenever I want, and heat the apartment. When the thermostat fixes the set temperature, the boiler turns off by itself. And it turns on again when the thermostat "understands" that the apartment has cooled down.

But the main advantage of the boiler is, of course, savings. In the very first month after the move, I could not believe my eyes when I calculated how much gas I spent - I had to pay 400 rubles for April. This, along with heating water and taking into account cooking (and I often use an oven, which is also gas). In an old apartment (an ordinary panel house) in winter, I had to pay 2500-2800 only for central heating. Yes, the batteries were red-hot, and the apartment was always around 27-28 degrees (the guests said “well, you have Africa!”), But isn’t it preferable to make 25 degrees and pay less?

Isn't it great that the batteries can be turned off when it's a warm day? In a word, in a new apartment with a footage of 70 square meters. meters, I pay 350-400 rubles for gas per month in the spring, while in the former apartment of 50 square meters. meters almost 3 thousand rubles. Of course, even a cold spring is not a winter with 30-degree frosts, so I “tortured” the craftsmen who did the repairs for me - did they freeze in this harsh winter? Was the boiler working well? According to reviews, it was normal, they worked in T-shirts, no one died.

A big plus of apartments with boilers is that according to the project, the owner of the apartment can make himself not an electric, but a water floor. The heat-insulated floor is as batteries only horizontal. My friends who live in a townhouse did just that. According to them, the air in the premises warms up so quickly that a warm floor can easily replace batteries. I can only dream about it, because. i got an apartment with a screed, in which pipes were already laid (beam wiring), but, for example, the central part of the hallway turned out to be with this very warm floor, because. there are pipes to the radiators in the nursery and to the heated towel rail in the bathroom.

The consumption of cold water, of course, is more, but not by much. If in my previous apartment it took me 3-4 cubic meters of cold water and 2-3 hot ones (for two), then in this apartment I get 8-9 cubic meters of cold water per month.

Speaking of cold water. Recently a cold water pipe burst a block away. And that's all - there was no water in the taps, and the repair of the pipe took almost 6 hours (well, the day turned out to be warm). But this problem is also true for houses with central heating, where, when repairing pipes in the yards, absolutely everything is blocked: both water in taps and batteries.

A big plus: heating in an apartment with a boiler does not depend on accidents - the water in the system (in batteries) is hermetic (monitor the pressure in the system - it should ideally be 1.5 bar), so even if a pipe breaks in the yard - you have apartment, the water will spin in the batteries, passing through the boiler and heating up there, i.e. the apartment will be warm whenever you want.

But, yes, here I smoothly move on to the minuses of individual heating. Minus the second - if you live in an old area, there is a high probability that communications are outdated, which means that electricity can “jump”, unfortunately, boilers are dependent on power surges. Therefore, you will have to buy and additionally install a voltage stabilizer (in Leroy Merlin from 5 thousand rubles).

As for the fears that the boilers “eat” a lot of electricity, then you should not be afraid, on average, the boiler consumes 120 watts, i.e. like one light bulb (“washer” or slow cooker eat much more). But as for hard water, then you should be wary. Advertising about washing machines, where the heating element, which can become scaled and fail, is also relevant for boilers.

Craftsmen write amazing stories on the forums about how to clean the heating element of the boiler with citric acid and other sentimental posts on how to get rid of scale. I do not advise you to engage in "self-treatment", I entered into an agreement with a service company (accredited at Gazprom), whose employees come and service the boiler once a year. It includes descaling, dust removal and diagnostics of "electronics". The issue price is 2-2.5 thousand rubles. There are many companies that service gas equipment, you can find it cheaper.

You can also just install a filter and change it after a while - depending on how hard the water is in your area. Our developer did it easier - he installed a water treatment plant for all 200 apartments under the house. As soon as the house was 60-70% occupied, it was launched. But, as you understand, maintenance once a year does not cancel this. Dust, which accumulates a lot during repairs in the boiler, is just as harmful to it as scale on the heating element (tubular electric heater).

Some brands of boilers can work quite noisily - this is another minus. For example, my Buderus works quietly, but my acquaintances have a Baxi boiler, and although they have already got used to it for 3 years of living with it, they do not deny that the boiler makes noise from time to time (when you have to heat both water and batteries, i.e. work at full capacity). When I asked them - how noisy is the boiler? They answered that it was a little stronger than a refrigerator. So a small 1-room apartment with a boiler for an elderly person, especially if he is sensitive to noise, may not be the best option for living.

Well, the last disadvantage of boilers is that it is difficult to “hide” it when buying a kitchen. This, in my opinion, is both fair and wrong. In the process of selecting a kitchen set, I turned to 4 companies. Two of them drew beautiful kitchens for me, but the functionality of the boiler was ignored. I mean that when a specialist from a service company or just a gasman comes to you with a routine check - he should easily gain access to the boiler. Therefore, various doors and cabinets must be opened or quickly removed so that a person does not have to diagnose the boiler in a half-bent form.

Keep in mind that gas workers can also be fined if you "brick up" the boiler, because "but it's so beautiful." Unfortunately, aesthetics take a backseat here. In addition, if due to a beautiful, but incorrect design, the boiler fails in winter, I'm afraid that beauty in a 20-degree frost will not warm you.

However, today the market for kitchen design is diverse, and hiding the boiler so that it is always accessible is easy enough. The cheapest and most minimalistic way, in my opinion, is an ordinary roller blind (pull the string, the boiler will open), however, there is a nuance: it is advisable not to install anything butt-to-butt to the boiler, and also not to attach at the top.

So, let's sum up.

Boiler advantages:

Hot water outages are not terrible;

You can turn on the batteries and heat the apartment at any time;

You can heat your home by setting an individual (convenient) temperature;

Possibility to make a warm water floor;

Savings, significant monetary savings;

Now the cons:

Dependence of the boiler on power surges, due to which the electronics may fail and repairs will be required;

Water hardness can damage the heating element, and it will have to be changed;

Some brands of boilers are quite noisy;

- you need to “hide” the boiler in the kitchen set so that it has easy access on demand.

Now a few numbers - we have a text about personal experience. Now, in the spring, I spend no more than 10 cubic meters of gas per day (take at least the recently ended April), because. I heat the apartment before going to bed and in the morning, after I air it out. On warm days, when heating is not required at all, 1-2 cubic meters of gas per day are consumed. The price of one cubic meter of gas is 4.7 rubles - consider for yourself (in September 2018, a cubic meter of gas costs already 5.3 rubles - approx. Novostroy-M).

A cube of cold water costs a little more than 20 rubles, if it takes 8-10 cubic meters per month, then we get 200 rubles with kopecks. Boiler maintenance is carried out once a year and costs, as I wrote above, 2-2.5 thousand rubles, that is, as much as I paid per month for central heating.

Of course, in modern new buildings, there are heat meters at the entrance to the apartment. However, here it’s like with ODN for electricity - no matter how much electricity is “burned”, the rest of the common house will be scattered over all the apartments, and you will have to pay. With the boiler, everything is strict - how much gas they used up, they paid for that much.

This text should not be taken as propaganda “buy apartments with individual heating!” Even I couldn't live in a small apartment with a noisy boiler. But the very fact that the modern market of new buildings offers an alternative to central heating is very pleasing. Tomorrow, here again they promise no higher than +4 degrees, I'll go hug my boiler.

Every year, the cost of utilities, whether it be electricity or, is growing rapidly. Alas, this happens both because of the usual inflation and the rise in the cost of energy, and because of the banal greed of service providers. That is why today more and more people are looking for an alternative to reduce fees, which, apparently, in a few years will become simply unbearable.

Autonomous boiler room in an apartment building

And many people find a solution to this problem. One boiler house for an apartment building is able to fully satisfy the needs of all residents, providing them with high-quality heating, as well as supplying the right amount of hot water. However, installing your own autonomous boiler house is an extremely serious decision that cannot be made without thinking everything through and weighing all the pros and cons a hundred times. And for this you should be aware of both the pros and cons of this solution.

So, you are thinking about the possibility of installing your own boiler room, which would heat the entire apartment building and supply hot water to each of the apartments. What strengths and weaknesses do you need to be aware of in order to make the right decision that will not make you repent in the future?

To begin with, it is worth talking about the shortcomings, since there are much fewer of them.

On this, the main disadvantages of an autonomous boiler house are exhausted. Of course, they are very significant, which is why today not every house has a mini-boiler room installed. But still, the number of such mini-boilers is growing rapidly. Why? Due to the following advantages of independent heating.

1. Full independence from city monopolists in housing and communal services. Everyone is well aware that in each city there is only one company that provides heating and hot water services to residential apartment buildings. And they can almost uncontrollably increase the cost of their services. If you install your own boiler house, then the monopolists will no longer have leverage over you.
2. Minimizing heat loss. As practice shows, passing through many kilometers of heating mains, the coolant (hot water) loses up to 30% of the heat received (depending on the distance from the city boiler house). An example of heat loss in an apartment building

   And end users also have to pay for this heat. In autonomous heating systems, heat losses are measured in fractions of a percent. So already due to this, the payment is reduced by a third.

3. A boiler room that heats one house, not thousands, is easy to set up. If it gets too hot in the apartments, you can easily reduce fuel consumption, and on frosty days - increase it. Thanks to this, the temperature in the rooms will always be optimal, suiting each of the inhabitants. You do not have to ventilate the premises, lowering the temperature and at the same time releasing heat into the street, for which a lot of money has been paid. But at the same time, you do not have to use additional heat sources (electric heaters) to maintain a sufficiently high temperature in the apartment.
   
4. To be kept in perfect order, it is enough to hire one dispatcher who monitors the readings of all devices, as well as one or two incoming adjusters who are involved only when breakdowns are detected. If your house is connected to the city heating main, you will have to pay for the services of not only dozens (or even hundreds) of ordinary installers, but also hundreds of accountants, directors, their deputies, secretaries, drivers and many others. This also saves a lot of money.
5. In most cases connected to the city heating plant, it starts from October 15 and ends by April 15. And even if autumn and spring are unusually cold or warm for a given area, no one will change the start and end dates of the heating season.
   Therefore, in the off-season, it is often too hot or too cold in apartments. The presence of an autonomous boiler room allows you to turn on and off the heating exactly when it is needed. Most often, such decisions are made by the council of the tenants of the house. Of course, this allows not only to reduce heating costs, but also to maintain the optimum temperature in the premises, regardless of the temperature outside the walls of the house.

What conclusion can be drawn from all of the above?

An autonomous boiler room needs more attention and constant care from residents or specially hired specialists.

But it allows you to save a lot of money every month. Therefore, all initial costs will be compensated fairly quickly, and very soon you will notice that you have free money that used to go to pay utility bills.

Where should the boiler be located?

A very serious issue is the correct location of the boiler room. Most often, in apartment buildings, boiler rooms are installed either on the roof or in the basement. provide for the presence of the latter only in the basement or.

True, sometimes you can also see boiler rooms located in small buildings, standing a few tens of meters from the house. This can be a good solution: there is no need to lift and install equipment on the roof of the building, but at the same time there is no danger of explosion due to fuel leakage and accumulation in the basement of the building.

But still, this method is not very popular: the need for additional construction, pouring the foundation and carrying out a large amount of land work scares away many potential owners of autonomous heating boilers. Therefore, only two options are usually considered - a boiler on the roof and in the basement. And it is worth talking about them in a little more detail.

What is good about the boiler room in the basement

Installation of a boiler room in the basement usually delivers much less hassle and problems: you do not need to lift equipment that weighs many centners onto the roof of a five-story (or higher) building. In addition, there is no need to carry out a number of complex calculations to determine whether the roof can withstand additional load, and if not, how much and how best to strengthen the supporting structures.

However, there are certain restrictions: the boiler room in the basement should not run on explosive fuel.

Therefore, gas and diesel boilers cannot be installed in the basement. The fact is that the fire and explosion of fuel tanks in the basement of the building endanger the integrity of the entire apartment building, as well as the life and health of residents. Only solid fuel and electric boilers can be installed in the basement.

The latter is inconvenient due to the high cost of electricity: the cost of maintaining an electric heating boiler is almost impossible to recoup. Solid fuels are difficult to maintain: fuel (wood, coke, coal, peat) must be loaded manually, 2 to 4 times a day.

It is also worth noting that when installing a boiler room in the basement, serious problems can arise when. Its highest point should be higher than the house in the basement of which the boiler room is installed, as well as higher than the houses nearby. Although some consider this problem.

Individual heating boilers are now installed in many private homes. Often this is the only way to guarantee heat in the home and provide it with hot water. But is it possible to install autonomous heating in an apartment building?

More and more owners of housing in apartment buildings began to think about this issue. After all, bills for paying for heat energy are constantly growing, and it is quite difficult to find justice for power engineers. I would like to somehow reduce these costs.

Existing options for arranging autonomous heating

Today, there are many ways to ensure thermal autonomy in a private cottage. You can choose a boiler for liquid or solid fuel, or a gas or electric boiler. If renewable energy is more desirable, then any cottage roof has enough space for solar panels or a solar collector.

But autonomous heating in an apartment can be organized in fact in only two ways, using:

• gas boiler from the main pipeline;
• and one or another option for heating with electricity.

After all, the installation of a liquid and solid fuel boiler will require the arrangement of a boiler room with high-quality ventilation and fuel storage. Gas in cylinders is much more expensive than main gas and is much more explosive. It is generally forbidden to mount a water heated floor in an apartment building.

Option one: gas

An ideal option for an apartment is a gas double-circuit boiler. It will allow you to separately heat water for heating and for domestic consumption.

Modern models with a closed combustion chamber, as well as a full set of automatic ignition and combustion support, allow you to program the desired temperature. And then everything will function independently. In a large apartment, it is also desirable to put a storage boiler. It will allow you to shower and wash dishes at the same time.

Among the disadvantages of gas autonomous heating in an apartment building are:

1. Explosiveness. Although much smaller than in the version with cylinders, accidents cannot be ruled out.
2. Ventilation. A professional ventilation system must be installed in the room with the gas boiler. And its channels periodically require cleaning, otherwise they will quickly become clogged with greasy soot.
3. Smell and soot. For the operation of a gas boiler, a constant supply of fresh air and removal of combustion products is necessary. For this purpose, a coaxial chimney with a twin pipe is mounted. Street air is drawn in one at a time, and smoke is removed through the second. And although gas is considered a clean fuel, nevertheless, when it is burned, soot with an unpleasant odor is still formed. The latter will annoy both the owners of the apartment and the neighbors.

For the installation of individual gas heating, it will be necessary to purchase and install a gas boiler. Disconnect radiators from central heating risers. Then make the piping from the boiler and connect the batteries to it. Heating appliances and pipes can be used old, but it is better to replace them.

Lightweight aluminum radiators and polypropylene pipes are ideal for an apartment. Aluminum appliances are good for high heat dissipation, and the strength of polypropylene is quite enough for an autonomous heating system. At the end of everything, the boiler is connected - here you will need to call a representative of the gas service.

The best option for connecting batteries to a gas autonomous boiler is to connect them in parallel to a circuit with a diagonal power supply circuit. Heated water is supplied from above on one side, and the return pipe is connected from below on the other.

A valve is installed at the inlet, and a thermal head is installed at the outlet to control the temperature of the coolant. A Mayevsky valve should be installed on the free upper pipe, which will allow you to bleed air from the radiator.

In order for an autonomous system to function normally and smoothly, it must have:

• expansion tank;
• circulation pump;
• safety, emergency valves
• manometer.

Modern models of gas boilers, for the most part, already have everything you need in the kit.

Option 2: Electricity

Autonomous heating in an apartment using electricity as fuel can be arranged by installing:

• electric boiler, the same double-circuit version;
• warm floor;
• infrared heaters;
• and heat pump.

With an electric hot water boiler, the whole sequence of actions is the same as with a gas counterpart. Only there is no need to equip ventilation and a chimney.

Heating elements of a heat-insulated floor evenly warm up a floor covering which then already gives off heat to air. IR devices emit waves that heat the floor, walls and furnishings. The air in the room is heated already from them. Compared to traditional batteries, heat is required to create comfortable temperatures with these methods much less.

But the greatest benefit in the apartment will bring heat pumps. Electricity is consumed only for the operation of pumps that pump outdoor air to extract thermal energy from it. In fact, this is a kind of air conditioner, it is only aimed at heating indoor air or water in a heat exchanger. You should also install high-quality air conditioners in the house. The cost of installing an air conditioner varies depending on the amount of work that you need.

It is a pure renewable source of heat energy. But you need to know that this equipment is effective only in climatic zones where outdoor temperatures do not fall below minus 20-25 C.

Results

How to make autonomous heating in an apartment, which option to prefer can only be decided by the owner of the dwelling.

In warm areas, a heat pump will be most beneficial. And although it is much more expensive than other options, everything pays off over time. In cities with severe winters, a gas boiler is preferable. You can also combine gas heating with electric heaters. During frosts, heat with gas, and during warming, turn on a heat pump or other electrical heating device.

otopleniedomov.com

Pros and cons of autonomous heating in an apartment building

Many people, getting their hands on monthly utility bills, are wondering: how can you save? There are various ways to reduce waste and, first of all, autonomous heating. This option will allow you to save a significant part of the family budget. We often hear that energy prices are constantly rising in price, and it really is time to make a decision that will bring only savings.

If you live in an apartment building, then you have two ways to heat your apartment:

1. The first way to heat your home is central heating. For this type of heating, a sufficiently large amount of energy is expended, heat loss occurs during its delivery to one or another apartment. Therefore, this type of heating is expensive and thoroughly hits the pockets of many residents of our country.
2. The second way is autonomous heating, which is now very popular in our country. People who have tried this type of energy saving immediately appreciated its merits.

Of course, autonomous heating is a great idea for energy saving, but it also has its pros and cons.

Advantages of autonomous heating

Now we will consider in detail the second heating option and evaluate its merits. But first, we need to figure out what exactly an autonomous heat point is.

So, the heating point must be a separate room where the boiler equipment will be located. It must be of good power so that it can afford to provide heating and hot water to the entire apartment building.

In appearance, it is a mini-boiler room with a complete set of necessary equipment, systems and fixtures.

See also: Registration and payment of individual heating in the apartment

Modern technologies for providing heat to residential buildings began to be used in autonomous systems. The latter worked for one or more houses, which was doubly beneficial. This can be explained by the following reasons:

1. First of all, the distance from the heat generator to each individual apartment is significantly reduced. Heat losses are reduced due to the rapid transportation of heat carriers, which, in turn, is very economical due to a reduction in energy consumption for heating. Accordingly, the payment is reduced.
2. The time of heat supply from the boiler house to the consumer is reduced, which again affects energy overruns and heating.
3. Losses for the repair of heating networks will also be reduced, since their volume will decrease significantly. In this option, it will be much easier to repair and install networks than in a centralized heating system.

Following the foregoing, it is worth concluding that this heat supply system is very economical. And this means that the price for using this system can decrease significantly (up to a minimum).

Now it is clear that an autonomous system for an apartment building significantly outperforms a centralized heat supply system. It is much more economical, which is of great interest and demand among consumers. This heating system is advantageous due to the fact that the coolant is located very close to the consumer, namely, it reduces transportation costs and an excess of energy for heating, which makes autonomous heating a leader.

There is another significant benefit to this issue. A person himself determines for himself the beginning and end of the heating season. The heating temperature can also be easily adjusted, allowing you to save energy on the days you need it.

For example, frosts begin outside the window, but the heating season is still far away. In order to start the central heating, you need some permission and a long period of time. While you are waiting for all this, you will have to sit in a cold apartment. And if you have autonomous heating, then at any time without any permissions you can start it and enjoy a warm apartment. You can also install thermostats to select the desired temperature. This is an additional opportunity to save money.

Another advantage of autonomous heating is the ability to use it when building a new house. When a new object crashes into centralized heating, a lot of permits and documents are required. Therefore, in these situations, most developers choose autonomous heating, which attracts the attention of new buyers.

Freed up space is also considered an advantage of autonomous heating, because any other structure can be placed on the site where the boiler house for the whole microdistrict is located. If every house in the area switches to autonomous heating, then a centralized boiler house will no longer be needed. It is advisable to use this territory for the construction of a new house, clinic, school or kindergarten, which in turn will also be relevant for any area.

Disadvantages of autonomous heating

In this matter, of course, there are certain shortcomings. However, they are much less than the advantages, but you should not forget about them.

Among the disadvantages of autonomous heating are the following:

1. The boiler room, which will autonomously heat a detached apartment building, should be located in a separate building. It is necessary to allocate a small area for it (usually it looks like an extension near the house and does not take up a huge space).
2. Such mini-boiler rooms pollute the environment, so special filters should be purchased for them, which should also be spent on.
3. The equipment is not particularly popular due to the fact that it has not yet been delivered to conveyor production. Therefore, its price is quite high.

Types of decentralized heating

There are two types of decentralized heating:

The modular boiler house (block) is of great interest to consumers. The structure here is mounted quite quickly: a room is being built from prefabricated blocks, and it is already ready for the installation of heating equipment. The main thing is to correctly arrange this building and only experienced specialists should perform such work. Only with high-quality work performed, the boiler room will be able to serve for a long period.

1. Wall-mounted boilers for heating one apartment.

Independent heating of each apartment separately is very economical and efficient. For this, wall-mounted boilers are used, which can work both on gas and on electricity. Most consumers tend to choose wall-mounted boilers rather than floor-standing ones.

This can be explained by a number of reasons:

• wall-mounted ones practically do not take up any space, unlike floor-standing boilers;
• the wall-mounted boiler in some way replaces the mini-boiler room, as it is equipped with all the necessary appliances;
• such boilers are able to heat an apartment up to 100 m2;
• modern manufacturers can offer single-circuit and double-circuit boilers, which makes it possible to additionally use hot water.

An important factor is the correct choice of the boiler. It must be equipped with a pump, tank, automation and other very important elements, without which its work will not be as productive.

See also: What does the housing office do before the heating season

Summing up, it can be noted that the high cost of installing such equipment does not frighten the inhabitants of our country, and the majority seeks to spend money now, and then live in peace and enjoy profitable savings.

When planning for the future, many citizens want to switch to this type of heating, because it will enable the country to reduce energy consumption and help get rid of existing debts.

zhkhinfo.ru

Organization of autonomous heating in an apartment building

An increasing number of their owners are thinking about such an organization for heating their homes. Unlike tenants, they can transform the available "square meters" at their own discretion, within certain limits. Heating is a rather painful issue for all of us. If you look at the "payment", then the most impressive amount in the last column (payable) is indicated in the line precisely for this energy resource. Is it possible to somehow solve this issue by improving the situation both in terms of the quality of the service provided and its cost? All the advantages of individual heating systems in an apartment building, options, problems that will have to be dealt with when switching to this type are described below.

1. Varieties and their description
2. Preparation stage
3. Boiler selection criteria

It is pointless to explain that the specifics of arranging autonomous heating depends not only on the characteristics of the apartment and house itself, but also on the region. In each of them, the administration is empowered to establish its own rules, including in the housing and communal services sector. Therefore, further - only general recommendations on the choice of an individual heating scheme and installation features.

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantages of such a solution for an apartment:

• Complete independence from utilities. The owner himself sets how to adjust the heating in order to achieve a comfortable temperature regime.
• The possibility of heating the home at any time, even after the end of the official season. For families with small children - a weighty argument.
• Lack of dependence on external factors - accidents on the highway, sluggishness of public utilities and the like.
• Reducing heating costs, and quite significant.

First, the total includes all Gcal consumed by an apartment building, although some of them are lost even before they enter the system. Uninsulated heating mains are a common phenomenon. Therefore, we pay not only for the heating of our apartment, but also for the environment. And not through their own fault. And if we add here the maintenance of heating networks (maintenance, repair), the salaries of the personnel and administration involved, it becomes clear that all this is at our expense.

Secondly, public utilities are trying to choose their own to the maximum. It is for this reason that radiators literally blaze with heat even at positive temperatures outside the windows. We can't really change anything. Having equipped autonomous heating, the owner pays only for the energy resource (depending on the scheme) used up in fact.

• Perhaps not everyone will agree with this statement, but the main drawback of such heating (if we are talking about a water circuit) is in the design of a package of permits.
• For an apartment building, depending on the year of construction, there are a number of restrictions on the choice of scheme. More on this below.
• Additional financial investments. Although when selling an apartment, this minus turns into a plus, as its market value rises.

System Options

1. Electrical diagrams.

They are positioned as one of the cheapest and most effective. But how acceptable are they for heating the entire apartment, and not just for floor heating? Consider their shortcomings, since the plus in terms of autonomy is obvious.

• Heating cables. The main disadvantage is the installation only in the screed.
• Mats. The option is more acceptable, but the uniformity of heating is in question.
• IR films. The optimal view, but there are some difficulties here. For example, in rooms with excessive humidity.

A common drawback of all electrical circuits is the need to completely replace the wiring (it is not designed for the power of heating devices) and devices in the power panel (AB, RCD or others).

2. Water circuit.

Starting its installation in the apartment does not make sense. First of all, due to an excessive increase in the load on the slab (screed + pipes). Permissions are given extremely rarely, with numerous reservations.

3. Individual gas heating.

What should be done:

• Purchase a low-power boiler (wall-mounted version).
• Crash inside the apartment into the common house circuit.
• Install bypass, elements of shutoff valves.
• Install a heat meter at the pipe inlet. This is the main thing that public utilities cannot resist.

What does such an autonomous heating scheme give:

• The ability to set an acceptable temperature in the apartment.
• Security in emergency situations. If the boiler fails (for example, the power supply is cut off), you can immediately switch to central heating.
• Reduced utility costs. You will have to pay for heat only according to an individual meter.
• You can turn on the heating at any time, even in summer, if it is cold outside (and in the house).

The disadvantage in the form of material investments is quickly leveled by profitability. Yes, and getting permission (when installing the meter) is much easier.

Where to begin?

1. "Shoe" in legal terms.

You should start with the legal "literacy program". Officials are very sensitive to the wishes of apartment owners to switch to individual heating. And this is understandable, knowing how much they “have” from only one apartment building under this article. They operate with the Federal Law “On Heat Supply” (No. 190), while keeping silent about the fact that there is also a Government Decree (No. 307 of 2012). The last document is more interesting for the owner. In particular, it provides a list of equipment that is prohibited for installation in an apartment building. This a priori means that everything else for heating is allowed.

2. Contact a specialist.

It is not entirely correct to suspect public utilities of greed alone. If we analyze this aspect from a technical point of view, it becomes clear why they are so reluctant to give permission for the transition to autonomy.

Firstly, the general house scheme ensures uniform heating of all apartments without exception. In them, initially, all heaters (radiators) are the same, and some temperature difference in the rooms (and insignificant) is caused only by the number of storeys, the quality of the insulation of the rooms (mainly window openings) and their location in the house (corner or not). When switching to autonomy, the owner of the dwelling regulates the microclimate in it at his own discretion. There is a possibility that he will set the temperature lower than that of the neighbors. In this case, part of the heat will “leave” from them through the ceilings and walls to it. In this regard, public utilities, assessing the feasibility of installing individual wiring in a separate apartment, take into account the interests of all residents of the house.

Secondly, who will monitor the system if the owner leaves, and for a long time? After all, most likely, he will turn it off. As a result - cooling of the room, freezing of partitions and engineering structures in this part of the route. First of all, plumbing.

When planning the installation of individual heating, you need to get substantive advice from a professional. It will help you choose the most suitable equipment and circuit. Without this, it is hardly worth starting anything. Yes, you will have to pay for the project. But it is he who will become a weighty argument in defending his right to such heating.

3. Prepare a package of documents.

The list is specified in the Housing Code (Article 26). Nevertheless, you should first contact the service organization (MC) and clarify what needs to be prepared to obtain permission to switch to individual heating, since, most likely, some other documents will be needed in addition to those noted in the LCD.

• Statement of the owner of the apartment.
• Ownership document.
• Technical / passport of the dwelling.
• A project (and autonomous heating scheme) drawn up by a certified specialist.
• Written consent of the persons registered in this apartment.

It makes no sense to list all the nuances, especially since the administration will suggest a further algorithm of actions, based on local specifics.

How to choose the right boiler?

There is nothing difficult in this. What to pay attention to?

1. Option - wall equipment. Even for a large apartment, 24 - 28 kW is enough. Those who are interested in the issue of an accurate calculation of power will easily find the relevant information. But it makes no sense to install more than 28 kW in a high-rise building.

2. The heating unit must have an open combustion chamber. Then you do not have to break the wall to bring out the coaxial chimney.

3. The boiler must be double-circuit. It will ensure both the functioning of the system and the supply of hot water - there is no need for a geyser.

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Autonomous heating in an apartment building: pros and cons

Not every public utility can boast of good or even sufficient quality of heating. There are many reasons for this, both objective and subjective, but the result is the same - heating the apartment becomes a personal matter of its owner. You can solve this problem with the help of additional heat sources - oil radiators, convectors, and so on, or capitally: install an autonomous heating system for your own home.

Autonomous heating: pros and cons

The independence of the system is its main advantage. All advantages and disadvantages are consequences of autonomy.

• Heat supply mode - are set according to the desire and capabilities of the people living in the apartment, and not the capabilities of the communal household of an apartment building. Extend the heating season or make it shorter, turn it off if the home is left for a long time, or set it to the minimum heating level - any option is available and doable.
• Heating regulation - the air temperature in the apartment is determined by its inhabitant. In most cases, an independent system allows you to install a thermostat on each radiator, which makes it possible to create an individual thermal regime.
• Savings - despite the hefty initial costs - if we are not talking about an electric boiler, the cost of heating in an apartment and maintaining the system itself is significantly reduced compared to paying for centralized heating services.
• In the case of installing a double-circuit water-heating boiler, it is possible to independently provide the home with hot water all year round.

The disadvantages of autonomous heating are associated with the fact of its installation and the need to independently take care of its normal functioning.

• Installation - all elements of the system are purchased independently, installed by hand or with the help of specialists. The initial expense is quite significant. The photo shows the working moment.
• The installation of the heating system is associated with the partial destruction of wall partitions, the integrity of the floors, and so on. Most likely, in the dwelling after this it will be necessary to carry out at least cosmetic repairs.
• Repair of devices and maintenance - is carried out by representatives of service centers on various conditions. But in any case, paying them is only the problem of the owner. Deciding whether this is a disadvantage or an advantage is sometimes difficult.
• Installation of autonomous heating requires permission. Of the above, this circumstance is perhaps the most difficult and tedious, judging by the reviews. However, these requirements are not only a product of bureaucratic activity, but also prevent the installation of illegal non-certified equipment, which poses a serious danger to all residents of an apartment building.

The convenience and efficiency of any version of an independent system so much exceeds the costs of effort, time and money for its installation that there can be no two opinions: if installation is fundamentally possible, then it is worth implementing it without delay.

Autonomous heating: water

The most common option for housing in an apartment building is water heating with a gas boiler as a heat source. There are several reasons for this.

Alternatively, an electric boiler can be used. Its advantage is expressed in a much simpler installation, a much smaller amount of permits, and it practically does not need preventive maintenance. The boiler takes up less space, the double-circuit version provides hot water. However, paying for electricity costs often negates all of these benefits.

• Water is an available coolant with high heat capacity. When the system is turned off, heat is retained for some time, providing time to organize alternative heating methods. In the photo - a water radiator.

The disadvantages of the system are the same as those of a conventional centralized water system: it takes time to warm up the premises, pipes become clogged over time, which reduces the efficiency of the system, the material of the pipeline, radiators and boiler wears out, and the like.

The second important drawback is that permission is required to use a gas boiler. In no case can the installation of the latter be done by hand. Installation by non-specialists - "local craftsmen" acting without the permission of the relevant organizations is not allowed. The penalty for such spontaneous action is the smallest of the possible consequences, since the incorrect functioning of the boiler threatens with a serious danger to others.

Autonomous heating: gas convector

This option is more common in country houses, judging by the reviews, while it can also be used in apartments. The basis is the use of natural gas, but the heating scheme is somewhat different.

A gas convector or heater is placed directly in the room and heats the room "directly": cold air is taken in through the slots in the lower part of the device, heated in the heat exchanger and supplied to the room.

Advantages.

• Since the actual air of the room is heated, that is, there is no intermediate link in the form of heated water, the room is warmed up much faster.
• Again, due to the absence of an intermediate heat carrier, heating costs are lower: the air heats up faster and circulates faster.
• Installation of devices is simpler - there is no need to lay a water pipeline and calculate the mutual influence of supply and return pipes.
• The efficiency of a fairly large number of models is higher than that of gas boilers.

Flaws.