The number of appeals from citizens received by the Office of Rospotrebnadzor in the Tyumen region about the deterioration of living conditions due to exposure to excess noise levels is increasing every year.
In 2013, 362 appeals were received (in total for violations of peace and quiet, accommodation and noise), in 2014 - 416 appeals, in 2015 80 appeals have already been received.
According to the established practice, after the request of residents, the Department appoints measurements of noise and vibration levels in a residential building. If necessary, measurements are carried out in organizations located near apartments, where, for example, “noisy” equipment is operated - a source of noise (restaurant, cafe, shop, etc.). If noise and vibration levels are found to exceed the permissible values, in accordance with SN 2.2.4/2.1.8.562-96 "Noise at workplaces, in residential, public buildings and on the territory of residential development", to the owners of noise sources - legal entities, individual entrepreneurs - the Department issues an order to eliminate the identified violations of sanitary legislation.
How can the noise from the equipment listed above be reduced so that there are no complaints from the residents of the house during its operation? Of course, the ideal option is to provide for the necessary measures at the design stage of a residential building, then the development of noise reduction measures is always possible, and their implementation during construction is ten times cheaper than in those houses that have already been built.
The situation is quite different if the building has already been built and there are noise sources in it that exceed the current standards. Then, most often, noisy units are replaced with less noisy ones and measures are taken to isolate the units and the communications leading to them. Next, we will look at specific sources of noise and vibration isolation measures for equipment.
NOISE FROM THE AIR CONDITIONER
The use of three-link vibration isolation, when the air conditioner is installed on the frame through a vibration isolator, and the frame - on a reinforced concrete slab through rubber gaskets (in this case, the reinforced concrete slab is installed on spring vibration isolators on the roof of the building), leads to a decrease in penetrating structural noise to levels permissible in residential premises.
To reduce noise, in addition to strengthening the noise and vibration isolation of the air duct walls and installing a silencer on the air duct of the ventilation unit (from the side of the premises), it is necessary to fasten the expansion chamber and air ducts to the ceiling through vibration isolating hangers or gaskets.
NOISE FROM THE BOILER ROOM ON THE ROOF
To protect against noise from the boiler house located on the roof of the house, the foundation plate of the roof boiler house is installed on spring vibration isolators or a vibration isolation mat made of special material. The pumps and boiler units equipped in the boiler room are installed on vibration isolators and soft inserts are used.
The pumps in the boiler room must not be placed with the motor downwards! They must be mounted in such a way that the load from the pipelines is not transferred to the pump casing. In addition, the noise level is higher with a higher power pump or if several pumps are installed. To reduce noise, the foundation plate of the boiler room can also be placed on spring dampers or high-strength multilayer rubber and rubber-metal vibration isolators.
The current regulations do not allow the placement of a roof boiler directly on the ceiling of residential premises (the ceiling of a residential premises cannot serve as the base of the boiler room floor), as well as adjacent to residential premises. It is not allowed to design roof boiler houses on the buildings of preschool and school institutions, medical buildings of polyclinics and hospitals with round-the-clock stay of patients, on the sleeping buildings of sanatoriums and recreation facilities. When installing equipment on roofs and ceilings, it is desirable to place it in places farthest from the protected objects.
NOISE FROM INTERNET EQUIPMENT
According to the recommendations for the design of communication systems, informatization and dispatching of housing construction objects, it is recommended to install cellular antenna amplifiers in a metal cabinet with a locking device on technical floors, attics or stairwells of upper floors. If it is necessary to install house amplifiers on different floors of multi-storey buildings, they should be installed in metal cabinets in the immediate vicinity of the riser under the ceiling, usually at a height of at least 2 m from the bottom of the cabinet to the floor.
When installing amplifiers on technical floors and attics, in order to eliminate vibration transmission of a metal cabinet with a locking device, the latter must be installed on vibration isolators.
OUTPUT - VIBRATION ISOLATORS AND FLOATING FLOORS
For ventilation, refrigeration equipment on the upper, lower and intermediate technical floors of residential buildings, hotels, multifunctional complexes or in the vicinity of noise-rated rooms where people constantly stay, you can install the units on factory vibration isolators on a reinforced concrete slab. This slab is mounted on a vibration-isolated layer or springs on a "floating" floor (an additional reinforced concrete slab on a vibration-isolation layer) in a technical room. It should be noted that fans, outdoor condensing units, which are now produced, are equipped with vibration isolators only at the request of the customer.
"Floating" floors without special vibration isolators can only be used with equipment that has an operating frequency of more than 45-50 Hz. These are, as a rule, small machines, the vibration isolation of which can be provided in other ways. The efficiency of floors on an elastic foundation at such low frequencies is low, therefore they are used exclusively in combination with other types of vibration isolators, which provides high vibration isolation at low frequencies (due to vibration isolators), as well as at medium and high frequencies (due to vibration isolators and a “floating” floor). ).
The floating floor screed must be carefully isolated from the walls and the supporting floor slab, since the formation of even small rigid bridges between them can significantly impair its vibration isolation properties. In places where the "floating" floor adjoins the walls, there must be a seam made of non-hardening materials that does not allow water to pass through.
NOISE FROM THE GARBAGE DUCT
To reduce noise, it is necessary to comply with the requirements of the norms and not design the trunk of the garbage chute adjacent to residential premises. The trunk of the garbage chute should not adjoin or be located in the walls enclosing residential or service premises with normalized noise levels.
The most common measures to reduce noise from garbage chutes are as follows:
- in the premises for collecting garbage, a “floating” floor is provided;
- with the consent of the residents of all apartments in the entrance, the garbage chute is welded (or liquidated) with the placement of wheelchair garbage chambers, concierge rooms, etc. in the room. (the positive point is that in addition to noise, odors disappear, the possibility of rats and insects, the likelihood of fires, dirt, etc. is eliminated);
- the loading valve bucket is mounted with framed rubber or magnetic seals;
- decorative heat and noise protective lining of the waste chute shaft made of building materials is separated from the building structures of the building with soundproof gaskets.
Today, many construction companies offer their services, various designs to increase the sound insulation of walls and promise complete silence. It should be noted that in fact, no structures can remove structural noise transmitted through the floors, ceilings and walls when dumping municipal solid waste into the garbage chute.
NOISE FROM ELEVATORS
In SP 51.13330.2011 “Noise protection. Updated edition of SNiP 23-03-2003 "says that it is advisable to place elevator shafts in the stairwell between flights of stairs (clause 11.8). In the architectural and planning solution of a residential building, it should be provided that the built-in elevator shaft adjoins premises that do not require increased protection against noise and vibration (halls, corridors, kitchens, sanitary facilities). All elevator shafts, regardless of the planning solution, must be self-supporting and have an independent foundation.
Shafts should be separated from other building structures with an acoustic joint of 40-50 mm or vibration-isolating pads. As the material of the elastic layer, slabs of acoustic mineral wool on a basalt or fiberglass base and various foamed polymeric roll materials are recommended.
To protect against structural noise of an elevator installation, its drive motor with a gearbox and a winch, usually mounted on one common frame, is vibration isolated from the supporting surface. Modern elevator drive units are equipped with appropriate vibration isolators installed under metal frames, on which motors, gearboxes and winches are rigidly mounted, and therefore additional vibration isolation of the drive unit is usually not required. At the same time, it is additionally recommended to make a two-stage (two-link) vibration isolation system by installing the support frame through vibration isolators on a reinforced concrete slab, which is also separated from the floor by vibration isolators.
The operation of lift winches installed on two-stage vibration isolation systems showed that the noise levels from them do not exceed the standard values in the nearest residential premises (through 1-2 walls). For practical purposes, care must be taken to ensure that vibration isolation is not disturbed by random rigid bridges between the metal frame and the supporting surface. The supply cables must have sufficiently long flexible loops. However, the operation of other elements of elevator installations (control panels, transformers, car and counterweight shoes, etc.) may be accompanied by noise above the normative values.
It is forbidden to design the floor of the elevator engine room as a continuation of the floor slab of the ceiling of the living room of the upper floor.
NOISE FROM TRANSFORMERSUBSTATIONSON THE GROUND FLOOR
To protect against noise transformer substations of residential and other premises with standardized noise levels, the following conditions must be observed:
- premises of built-in transformer substations;
- should not be adjacent to noise-protected rooms;
- built-in transformer substations should
- located in basements or on the first floors of buildings;
- transformers must be installed on vibration isolators designed in an appropriate way;
- electrical panels containing electromagnetic communication devices and separately installed oil switches with an electric drive must be mounted on rubber vibration isolators (air disconnectors do not require vibration isolation);
- ventilation devices of the premises of built-in transformer substations must be equipped with noise suppressors.
To further reduce noise from the built-in transformer substation, it is advisable to treat its ceilings and internal walls with sound-absorbing lining.
In built-in transformer substations, protection against electromagnetic radiation must be made (a grid of special material with grounding to reduce the level of radiation of the electrical component and a steel sheet for magnetic).
NOISE FROM ATTACHED BOILERS,BASEMENT PUMPS AND PIPES
Boiler room equipment (pumps and pipelines, ventilation units, air ducts, gas boilers, etc.) must be vibration-isolated using vibration foundations and soft inserts. Ventilation units are equipped with silencers.
In order to isolate the pumps located in the basements, elevator units in individual heating points (ITP), ventilation units, refrigeration chambers, the specified equipment is installed on vibration foundations. Pipelines and air ducts are vibroisolated from the structures of the house, since the predominant noise in the apartments located above may not be the base noise from the equipment in the basement, but the one that is transmitted to the building envelope through the vibration of pipelines and equipment foundations. It is forbidden to arrange built-in boiler rooms in residential buildings.
In piping systems connected to the pump, it is necessary to use flexible inserts - rubber-fabric sleeves or rubber-fabric sleeves reinforced with metal spirals, depending on the hydraulic pressure in the network, 700-900 mm long. If there are pipe sections between the pump and the flexible connector, the sections should be fixed to the walls and ceilings of the room on vibration-isolating supports, hangers or through shock-absorbing pads. Flexible connectors should be located as close as possible to the pumping unit, both on the discharge line and on the suction line.
To reduce noise and vibration levels in residential buildings from the operation of heat and water supply systems, it is necessary to isolate the distribution pipelines of all systems from the building structures of the building at the points of their passage through the supporting structures (input into and out of residential buildings). The gap between the pipeline and the foundation at the inlet and outlet must be at least 30 mm.
Prepared based on the materials of the journal Sanitary and epidemiological interlocutor (No. 1 (149), 2015
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You can also separately order the following boiler equipment:
- gas boilers (small and medium power),
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Boiler houses are designed and installed in accordance with a number of rules, for example:
- GOST 21.606-95 SPDS "Rules for the implementation of working documentation for thermal mechanical solutions for boiler rooms"
- GOST 21563-93 Hot water boilers. Main parameters and technical requirements
- PU and BE "Rules for the design and safe operation of steam boilers"
- PB 12-529-03 "Safety Rules for Gas Distribution and Gas Consumption Systems".
If you have a task to get a valid object by the beginning of the heating season we offer you the option "Block-modular boiler house" based on standard solutions. Modular boiler houses supplied under this program have the following advantages: a) the use of a standard project reduces the time for designing and coordinating the project, b) it becomes possible to purchase the main equipment in parallel with the development of individual parts of the project.
We also translate steam boilers in hot water mode. With this operation steam boilers lose from the rated power, while solving certain heating problems. These are solutions mainly for Russian boilers. The advantage of this operation is that existing steam boilers do not have to be replaced with new ones, which can be beneficial in the short term from an economic point of view.
All supplied boiler equipment is certified and has permissions for use on the territory of the Russian Federation - gas boilers, heating boilers, burners, heat exchangers, valves etc. The specified documentation is included in the scope of delivery.
Sound insulation of a boiler room. In this publication, we will consider the causes of increased noise and vibration levels from gas boilers and boiler rooms, as well as ways to eliminate them in order to achieve standard indicators and the level of comfort of residents.
The installation of autonomous modular gas boilers on the roofs of apartment buildings is becoming increasingly popular among developers. The advantages of such a boiler house are obvious. Among them
No need to erect a separate building for boiler room equipment
Reduction of heat losses by 20% due to the small number of heating mains in comparison with heating from the central heating network
Savings on the installation of communications from the coolant to the consumer
No need for forced ventilation
The possibility of full automation of the system with a minimum of staff
One of the disadvantages of a rooftop boiler is vibrations from the boiler and pumps. As a rule, they are the result of shortcomings in the design, construction and installation of boiler room equipment. Therefore, the responsibility for eliminating the increased noise level and soundproofing the boiler room lies with the developer or housing management company.
The noise from the boiler house is low-frequency and is transmitted through the structural elements of the building directly from the source and through communications. Its intensity in a room equipped for a boiler room is 85-90dB. Noise insulation of a rooftop boiler room is justified if it is produced from the source side, and not in the apartment. Soundproofing the ceiling and walls in an apartment with such noise is expensive and ineffective.
Causes of increased noise level in the rooftop boiler room.
Insufficient thickness and massiveness of the base on which the boiler room equipment stands. This leads to the penetration of airborne noise into the apartments through the floor slab and the technical floor.
Lack of proper vibration isolation of the boiler. At the same time, vibrations are transmitted to ceilings and walls, which radiate sound into apartments.
Rigid fastening of pipelines, communications and their supports is also a source of structural noise. Normally, pipes should pass through building envelopes in an elastic sleeve, surrounded by a layer of sound-absorbing material.
Insufficient thickness of the pipeline, as a design error, leading to high water velocity and the creation of an increased level of hydrodynamic noise.
Soundproofing of the rooftop boiler room. List of events.
Installation of vibration isolating supports under the equipment of the boiler room. The calculation of materials for vibration isolation is made taking into account the area of \u200b\u200bthe support and the weight of the equipment;
Elimination of "hard links" in the places of fastening of pipeline supports with the help of material silomer, thermosound insulation or installation of vibration fasteners on studs fixing communications;
In the absence of elastic sleeves, expansion of the passage of the pipeline through the supporting structures, wrapping with elastic material (k-flex, vibrostack, etc.) and a heat-resistant layer (basalt cardboard);
Wrapping the pipeline with a material that reduces heat loss and has sound insulation properties: , Texound 2ft AL;
Additional sound insulation of enclosing structures of the roof boiler room;
Installation of rubber compensators to reduce the transmission of vibrations through the pipeline;
Installation of silencers in the exhaust gas duct;
Installation of noise-absorbing materials based on basalt (Stopsound BP) or fiberglass (Acustiline fiber) allows you to reduce background noise in the boiler room by 3-5dB.
SOUND INSULATION OF A BOILER IN A WOODEN HOUSE.
Building codes and fire safety regulations dictate the installation of the boiler in a special room equipped with a separate entrance. As a rule, it is located in the basement or basement. With this arrangement, complaints about an increased noise level from the boiler are rare.
A boiler installed on the same floor with living rooms, which has a high noise level with complete silence in a country house, can cause inconvenience to residents. Therefore, the soundproofing of the boiler may be relevant.
The reasons for the increased noise level can be similar to those of a rooftop boiler, but on a smaller scale. They also include
Features of the design of the outer box of the boiler. In most models of boilers, the burner and fan are closed with a separate damper, which reduces the noise produced by the burner. If the only soundproofing protection is the plastic box of the boiler, the noise from the burner can be noticeable.
Noisy fan from the manufacturer.
Unbalance of the fan, dirt sticking due to dust from outside and neglect of maintenance measures.
Air entering the heating system.
Incorrect gas burner setting.
Rigid system for fastening the boiler and outlet pipes.
The soundproofing of the boiler begins with identifying the causes of the increased noise level and is associated with the work of the gas service employees serving it or the company involved in soundproofing the premises.
If the operation of the boiler and the system is adjusted, then
We mount the boiler on a vibration-isolated platform on mounts with a force meter
We install rubber compensators in the places where the pipes exit from the boiler body
We purchase a noise-protective casing for the boiler
We make additional soundproofing of the walls of the boiler room
To reduce background noise in the boiler room
Welcome to the Comfort Zone!
To eliminate each of these noises, different methods are required. In addition, each type of noise has its own properties and parameters, and they must be taken into account when manufacturing low-noise refrigeration chillers.
You can apply a large amount of different insulation and not achieve the desired result, but on the contrary, using the minimum amount of the “right” material in the right place, using insulation according to the technology, achieve excellent low noise.
To understand the essence of the soundproofing process, let's turn to the main methods for achieving low-noise industrial water coolers.
First you need to define the basic terms.
Noise — undesirable, unfavorable for the target human activity within the radius of its propagation sound.
Sound — wave propagation of particles oscillating due to external influence in some medium - solid, liquid or gaseous.
There are other less common and significantly more expensive and cumbersome solutions to achieve near-absolute silence, if required by the chiller installation site. For example, sound insulation of the technical room where the compressor-evaporative unit of the chiller is located, the use of water condensers or wet cooling towers without the use of fans, and some other more exotic ones, but they are rarely used in practice.
NOISE LEVEL
Sound power is measured in decibels (dB) in the frequency range from 31.5 to 16000 Hz and in the middle of each frequency band, i.e. at frequencies 31.5; 63; 125; 250 Hz etc. A person perceives sound in the range from 63 to 800 Hz.
Sound power in dB is divided into levels A, B, C and D. The permissible norm of the general noise level is considered to be level A, which is closest to the human sensitivity range. To designate this characteristic, we most use the term "Sound pressure level".
NOISE SOURCE
A running engine is a source of mechanical noise originating in
gas distribution mechanism, fuel pump, etc., as well as appearing in the combustion chambers, as a result of vibration, air intake and fan operation, if installed. Generally, intake air and radiator noise is less than mechanical noise. Noise data can be found in the Product Information Manual if required. Noise can be reduced by using a sound-absorbing coating. If the mechanical noise is attenuated to the level 5 mentioned in the Noise Level section, attention should be paid to the air and fan noise.
An effective and relatively cheap way is to cover the engine with a casing. At a distance of 1 m from the housing, sound attenuation reaches 10 dB(A). Only specially designed housings are effective, so it is advisable to consult with experts regarding its parameters.
If there are certain requirements for noise outside the premises in which the units are located, the following conditions must be observed:
1) Building structure
The outer walls are made of double bricks with
voids.
Windows - double glazing with spacing
between panes 200 mm.
Doors - double doors with tambour or
single, with screen wall opposite
doorway.
2) Ventilation
Openings for fresh air intake and heated air exhaust must be equipped with noise barriers. These issues should be discussed by the Owner with the Manufacturer.
Screens should not reduce the cross section of the ducts, as this will increase the resistance on the fan. For larger engines requiring more air, screens need to be correspondingly larger and the building needs to be able to fit them properly.
3) Vibration isolation mounts
Mounting the units on anti-vibration mounts prevents the transmission of vibration to walls, other parts of the unit, etc. Vibration is often one of the causes of noise. (See anti-vibration mounts).
4) Exhaust damping
It allows attenuating noise by 30...35 dB(A) at a distance of 1 m from the outer wall of the room, provided that high-quality sound absorbers and exhaust silencers are used at the inlet and outlet.
