Books were, are and remain actual gifts. They are still in demand, even despite the availability of modern technology and a huge number of electronic publications. Subject books (for example, manuals for cars) are also very popular, and the demand for them is stable. Why?
Everything is very simple. Any car owner wants to always have a manual or instruction with him on the road. And how else to learn about all the possibilities and features of the "iron horse", if not from the car's operating instructions? The growing demand for such literature allows our online store to constantly replenish its book showcase. On our site you can find a wide range of manuals that relate to the operation of the car, its maintenance and repair.
Fresh editions appear on the market, which accompany the novelties of the automotive world. But the old guidelines do not lose their relevance. Of course, in order for the "iron friend" to always be on the go, the owner often has to resort to the car's operating instructions, where he can gain the necessary knowledge and some useful repair tips.
You can make a purchase of a manual in our online store in a matter of minutes. Within a week, the instruction manual for the car will be brought to you. If you are interested in a special edition of the manual for a particular model, delivery may take longer.
Modern auto repair books have everything you need: clear and competent texts are accompanied by illustrations and diagrams. Our online store sells literature on the operation of cars, which is perfect for both beginners and experienced drivers. With such a hint, you can independently carry out a simple repair of any car.
Machine repair guides may be published several times. You should pay attention to this before buying. Usually those books that are popular are republished. Repair literature can be either a translation of the original or a domestic edition. All repair materials are conveniently located on the pages. If you are still lost in doubt and do not know what to give a car enthusiast, a repair guide will help you solve this problem.
Labor protection instruction
during the repair and maintenance of vehicles
1. General requirements for labor protection
1.1 Persons who have the appropriate qualifications, who have passed a medical examination, introductory briefing, initial briefing, training and internship at the workplace, testing knowledge of labor protection requirements, requirements for managing load-lifting mechanisms are allowed to independently work on the repair and maintenance of vehicles.
1.2 When working on the repair and maintenance of vehicles, the employee must:
1.2.1 Perform only the work specified in the work instruction;
1.2.2 Comply with the internal labor regulations;
1.2.3 Properly apply personal and collective protective equipment;
1.2.4 Comply with labor protection requirements;
1.2.5 Immediately inform your immediate or superior manager about any situation that threatens the life and health of people, about each accident that occurred at work, or about the deterioration of your health, including the manifestation of signs of an acute occupational disease (poisoning);
1.2.6 To be trained in safe methods and techniques for performing work and providing first aid to victims at work, instructing in labor protection, testing knowledge of labor protection requirements;
1.2.7 To undergo mandatory periodic (during employment) medical examinations (examinations), as well as to undergo extraordinary medical examinations (examinations) at the direction of the employer in cases provided for by the Labor Code and other federal laws.
1.2.8 Be able to provide first aid to victims of electric current and other accidents;
1.2.9 Be able to use primary fire extinguishing means;
1.3 During the repair and maintenance of vehicles of the following hazardous and harmful production factors:
- moving machines and mechanisms;
- falling of the suspended car or components and parts removed from it;
- increased voltage in the electrical circuit, the closure of which can occur through the human body;
- increased or decreased air temperature of the working area;
- sharp edges, burrs and roughness on the surfaces of workpieces, tools and equipment;
- insufficient or excessive illumination of workplaces;
leaded gasoline;
- the appearance in the work area of explosive, flammable environments;
- harmful substances (leaded gasoline, which causes poisoning by inhalation of its vapors, contamination of the body, clothing, ingestion with food or drinking water).
1.4 When working on the repair and maintenance of vehicles, the employee must be provided with overalls, safety shoes and other personal protective equipment in accordance with the Model Industry Standards for the free issue of special clothing, special footwear and other personal protective equipment and the Collective Agreement.
1.10 In cases of injury or indisposition, it is necessary to stop work, notify the work manager and contact a medical institution.
1.11 For non-compliance with this instruction, the perpetrators are held liable in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
2. Labor protection requirements before starting work
2.1 Put work clothes in order: fasten cuffs; fill the clothes so that there are no hanging ends; keep your hair under a tight-fitting headdress.
When repairing vehicles running on leaded gasoline, wear rubber boots, oversleeves, and rubber gloves.
It is forbidden to work in light footwear (slippers, sandals, etc.).
2.2 Check the availability and serviceability of hand tools, devices and personal protective equipment, namely:
- wrenches must match the size of the nuts and not have cracks and nicks, the jaws of the keys must be strictly parallel and not rolled up;
- sliding keys must not be loosened in moving parts;
- laying pads between the jaws of the keys and the head of the bolt, as well as lengthening the handles of the keys with the help of pipes and bolts or other objects is prohibited;
- metalwork hammers and sledgehammers must have a slightly convex, not oblique and not knocked down, without cracks, the surface of the striker, must be securely fixed on the handles by wedging with completed wedges;
- the handles of hammers and sledgehammers must have a smooth surface and be made of hard and viscous wood;
- percussion instruments (chisels, crosscuts, barbs, punches, center punches, etc.) should not have cracks, burrs and work hardening. Chisels must be at least 150 mm long;
- files, chisels and other tools should not have a pointed non-working surface, they should be securely fixed on a wooden handle with a metal end on it;
- the power tool must have good insulation of current-carrying parts and reliable grounding.
2.3 Carefully inspect the workplace, put it in proper order. Remove all foreign objects interfering with the work. Check the condition of the floor in the workplace. The floor must be dry and clean. If the floor is wet or slippery, wipe it down or sprinkle it with sawdust.
2.4 Make sure that the workplace is sufficiently lit and the light does not blind the eyes.
2.5 Prepare bedding for working under the car (beds or special carts).
2.6 Do not allow unauthorized persons to your workplace.
2.7 When starting to repair the car, make sure that the fuel tanks and fuel lines are free from gasoline residues.
2.8 Before using the portable lamp, check if the lamp has a protective net, if the cord and insulating rubber tube are in good condition. Portable lamps must be connected to the mains with a voltage not exceeding 42 V.
3. Labor protection requirements during work
3.1. While working on the repair and maintenance of vehicles, the employee must:
3.1.1. All types of maintenance and repair of vehicles on the territory of the enterprise should be carried out only at places (posts) specially designed for this purpose.
3.1.2. Start maintenance and repair of the car only after it has been cleaned of dirt, snow and washed.
3.1.3. After placing the car at the maintenance or repair station, it is imperative to check whether it is braked by the parking brake, whether the ignition is turned off (if the fuel supply is shut off in a car with a diesel engine), whether the gearshift lever (controller) is set to the neutral position, whether the consumable and main valves on gas-balloon vehicles, whether special wheel chocks (shoes) (at least two) are placed under the wheels. In case of non-compliance with the specified security measures, do it yourself.
Hang a sign on the steering wheel "Do not start the engine - people are working!". On a car with a backup device for starting the engine, hang a similar plate next to this device.
3.1.4. After lifting the car with a lift, hang a sign on the lift control panel “Do not touch - people are working under the car!”, And when lifting with a hydraulic lift after lifting it, fix the lift with a stop against spontaneous lowering.
3.1.5. Car repairs from below outside the inspection ditch, overpass or lift should be carried out only on a sunbed.
3.1.6. For safe passage through inspection ditches, as well as for work in front and behind the vehicle, use walkways, and for descending into the inspection ditch, use ladders specially installed for this purpose.
3.1.7. Remove or install the wheel together with the brake drum using a special trolley. If the removal of the hubs is difficult, use special pullers to remove them.
3.1.8. All work on the maintenance and repair of the car to be carried out with the engine off, with the exception of work, the technology of which requires starting the engine. Such work should be carried out at special posts, where exhaust gas extraction is provided.
3.1.9. To start the engine and move the car, contact the driver, driver, foreman or mechanic appointed by order to perform this work.
3.1.10. Before starting the engine, make sure that the shift lever (controller) is in the neutral position and that no one is under the vehicle or near the rotating parts of the engine.
Inspection of the car from below is carried out only when the engine is not running.
3.1.11. Before turning the propeller shaft, check that the ignition is off, and for a diesel engine, that there is no fuel supply. Set the gearshift lever to neutral position and release the parking brake. After carrying out the necessary work, apply the parking brake again.
Turn the cardan shaft only with the help of a special tool.
3.1.12. Remove the engine from the car and install it on it only when the car is on wheels or on special stands - tragus.
3.1.13. Before removing the wheels, place under the suspended part of the car, trailer, semi-trailer traguses of the appropriate carrying capacity and lower the suspended part onto them, and install special wheel chocks (shoes) in the amount of at least two under the non-lifting wheels.
3.1.14. To drive the car to the parking lot inside the enterprise and check the brakes on the go, call an on-duty or assigned driver.
3.1.15. When disassembling and assembling and other fastening operations that require great physical effort, use pullers, wrenches, etc. Hard-to-remove nuts, if necessary, pre-moisten with kerosene or a special compound (Unisma, VTV, etc.).
3.1.16. Before starting work with the lifting mechanism, make sure that it is in good condition and that the weight of the lifted unit corresponds to the lifting capacity indicated on the stencil of the lifting mechanism, whether the test period has expired, and on removable load gripping devices, check for the presence of tags indicating the permissible weight of the lifted load.
3.1.17. To remove and install components and assemblies weighing 20 kg or more (for women 10 kg), use lifting mechanisms equipped with special devices (grabs), other auxiliary means of mechanization.
3.1.18. When moving parts manually, be careful, as the part (unit) can interfere with the view of the movement path, distract from observing the movement and create an unstable body position.
3.1.19. Before removing units and assemblies associated with power, cooling and lubrication systems, when liquid leakage is possible, first drain fuel, oil or coolant from them into a special container.
3.1.20. Before removing gas equipment, cylinders or tightening the nuts of the connections, make sure that there is no gas in them.
3.1.21. Before removing the spring, be sure to unload it from the weight of the car by raising the front or rear of the car and then installing the frame on the trestle.
3.1.22. When working on a tilting stand, securely strengthen the vehicle, first draining the fuel and coolant, close the oil filler tightly and remove the battery.
3.1.23. When repairing and servicing buses and trucks with high bodies, use scaffolds or stepladders.
3.1.24. To carry out work under the raised body of a dump truck or dump trailer and when replacing or repairing the lifting mechanism or its units, first free the body from the load, it is imperative to install an additional inventory device (stop, clamp, bar).
3.1.25. Before repair, tank cars for the transportation of flammable, explosive, toxic, etc. cargo, as well as tanks for their storage, must be completely cleared of the remains of the above products.
3.1.26. Carry out cleaning or repairs inside the tank or tank from leaded gasoline, flammable and poisonous liquids in special clothing, with a gas mask, a rescue belt with a rope; a specially instructed assistant should be outside the tank.
The gas mask hose must be brought out through the hatch (manhole) and fixed on the windward side.
A strong rope is attached to the worker's belt inside the tank, the free end of which must be brought out through the hatch (hole) and securely fastened. The assistant, who is at the top, must watch the worker, hold the rope, insuring the worker in the tank.
3.1.27. Repair fuel tanks only after complete removal of fuel residues and neutralization.
3.1.28. Before carrying out maintenance and repair work on vehicles running on gas fuel, first raise the hood to ventilate the engine compartment.
3.1.29. Drain (release) the gas from the cylinders of the car, on which work is to be carried out related to troubleshooting the gas supply system or its removal, at a specially designated place (post), and blow the cylinders with compressed air, nitrogen or other inert gas.
3.1.30. Work on the removal, installation and repair of gas equipment should be carried out only with the help of special devices, tools and equipment.
3.1.31. Check the tightness of the gas system with compressed air, nitrogen or other inert gases with the supply valves closed and the main valves open.
3.1.32. Fasten the hoses on the fittings with clamps.
3.1.33. Clean up spilled oil or fuel with sand or sawdust, which should be placed outdoors in metal boxes with lids after use.
3.1.34. During operation, position the tool so that there is no need to reach for it.
3.1.35. Correctly select the size of the wrench, preferably use box and socket wrenches, and in hard-to-reach places - wrenches with ratchet or with a hinged head.
3.1.36. Correctly apply the wrench to the nut, do not tighten the nut with a jerk.
3.1.37. When working with a chisel or other chopping tool, use goggles to protect your eyes from metal particles, and also put a protective washer on the chisel to protect your hands.
3.1.38. Press out tight pins and bushings only with the help of special tools.
3.1.39. Put the components and assemblies removed from the vehicle on special stable stands, and lay long parts only horizontally.
3.1.40. Check the alignment of the holes with a conical mandrel.
3.1.41. When working on drilling machines, place small parts in a vise or special devices.
4.1.42. Remove chips from drilled holes only after retracting the tool and stopping the machine.
3.1.43. When working on a grinding machine, you should stand on the side, and not against the rotating abrasive wheel, while using goggles or screens. The gap between the handpiece and the abrasive wheel should not exceed 3 mm.
3.1.44. When working with a power tool with a voltage of more than 42 V, use protective equipment (dielectric rubber gloves, galoshes, rugs) issued together with the power tool.
3.1.45. Connect the power tool to the mains only with a working plug connector.
3.1.46. In the event of a power outage or a break in operation, unplug the power tool from the mains.
3.1.47. Remove dust and chips from a workbench, equipment, or part with a basting brush or metal hook.
3.1.48. Clean the used cleaning material in metal boxes specially installed for this purpose and cover with a lid.
3.1.49. If gasoline or other flammable liquid has come into contact with the body and personal protective equipment, do not approach an open flame, do not smoke or light matches.
3.1.50. When working with leaded gasoline or engine parts running on leaded gasoline, observe the following requirements:
neutralize parts with kerosene;
immediately remove spilled gasoline, and neutralize this place with a solution of bleach;
pour leaded gasoline using a special tool.
3.1.51. Move units hung on lifting and transport mechanisms using hooks and braces.
3.2. The employee is prohibited from:
- perform work under a car or a unit hung only on a lifting mechanism (except for stationary electric lifts) without tragus stands or other safety devices;
- lift the units with an oblique tension of the cable or chain of the lifting mechanism, as well as moor the units with a sling, wire, etc.;
- work under a raised body of a dump truck, dump trailer without a special inventory fixing device;
- use random stands and pads instead of a special additional stop;
- work with damaged or incorrectly installed stops;
- perform any work on gas equipment or cylinders under pressure;
- carry an electric tool, holding it by the cable, as well as touch the rotating parts with your hand until they stop;
- blow off dust and shavings with compressed air, direct a stream of air at people standing nearby or at yourself;
- store oiled cleaning materials at the workplace and store clean cleaning materials together with used ones;
- use leaded gasoline for washing parts, hands, etc.;
- suck gasoline with your mouth through a hose;
- wash units, components and parts, etc. with flammable liquids;
- block up the passages between the racks and exits from the premises with materials, equipment, containers, removed units, etc.;
- store used oil, empty containers from fuel and lubricants;
- take out special clothes contaminated with leaded gasoline from the enterprise, as well as enter the canteen and office premises in it;
- use ladders;
- release compressed gas into the atmosphere or drain liquefied gas to the ground;
- when opening and closing the main and consumable valves, use additional levers;
- use wire or other objects to fasten the hoses;
- twist, flatten and bend hoses and tubes, use oily hoses;
- use nuts and bolts with crumpled edges;
- hold small parts with your hands when drilling them;
- install gaskets between the jaw of the key and the edges of nuts, bolts, as well as increase the keys with pipes or other objects;
- use dry bleach to neutralize a sheet doused with leaded gasoline;
- push or pull the units hung on lifting mechanisms by hand;
- work when receiving a signal about the movement of the conveyor.
4. Labor protection requirements in emergency situations
4.1 In the event of accidents and situations that can lead to accidents and accidents, it is necessary:
4.1.1 Immediately stop work and notify the work manager.
4.1.2 Under the guidance of the work manager, promptly take measures to eliminate the causes of accidents or situations that can lead to accidents or accidents.
4.2 In the event of a fire, smoke:
4.2.1 Immediately inform the fire brigade by phone "01", notify the workers, notify the head of the unit, report the fire to the security post.
4.2.2 Open emergency exits from the building, turn off the power supply, close windows and close doors.
4.2.3 Start extinguishing the fire with primary fire extinguishing equipment, if this does not involve a risk to life.
4.2.4 Organize a fire brigade meeting.
4.2.5 Leave the building and be in the evacuation zone.
4.3 In the event of an accident:
4.3.1 Immediately organize first aid to the victim and, if necessary, deliver him to a medical organization.
4.3.2 Take urgent measures to prevent the development of an emergency or other emergency and the impact of traumatic factors on other persons.
4.3.3 Preserve prior to the investigation of the accident the situation as it was at the time of the incident, if it does not threaten the life and health of other persons and does not lead to a catastrophe, accident or other emergency circumstances, and if it is impossible to maintain it, record the current situation (draw up schemes, conduct other activities).
5. Labor protection requirements at the end of work
Upon completion of work, the employee must:
5.1.1 Disconnect electrical equipment from the mains, turn off local ventilation.
5.1.2 Tidy up the workplace. Remove fixtures and tools in the place provided for them.
5.1.3 If the car remains on special stands (tragus), check the reliability of its installation. It is forbidden to leave the car, the unit hung out only with a lifting mechanism.
5.1.4 Remove personal protective equipment and put them in the place intended for them.
5.1.5 Wash your hands with soap, and after working with parts and assemblies of an engine running on leaded gasoline, you must first wash your hands with kerosene.
5.1.6 Notify your immediate supervisor of all shortcomings found during work.
Unofficial edition
Instruction
on labor protection for
maintenance and repair personnel
thermal point.
1. General safety requirements.
1.1. Work on the repair and operation of the heating point is allowed for workers at least 18 years of age who have passed a medical examination and safety briefing.
1.2. Prior to being assigned to independent work, personnel must complete training and pass a knowledge test in the commission on electrical safety rules with the assignment of the first qualification group to them.
1.3. Personnel for the repair and maintenance of heat-consuming installations are allowed to work independently by a written order of the head of the site.
1.4. Periodic testing of knowledge of the personnel for the maintenance of the heating point is carried out by the commission of the enterprise once every 12 months.
Extraordinary examination of knowledge is carried out:
When new instructions come into force;
After an accident and an accident in boiler installations;
When establishing the facts of unsatisfactory knowledge of the instructions and safety rules by the driver.
1.5. Rights and obligations.
During the period of their duty, the personnel has the right to demand from the site management:
Provision of boiler instrumentation, tools, fixtures, inventory, operational logs and other means necessary for normal and safe operation;
Require the management of the site to timely eliminate equipment defects that arise in the course of work;
To carry out and stop equipment (boilers, pumps), depending on the situation, to ensure the normal supply of hot water to consumers;
Notify the management of the enterprise about all violations of the normal operation of the installation at any time of the day;
Requirement from the management of the provision of special Clothing and protective equipment in accordance with existing standards.
1.6. During the period of their duty, the maintenance personnel of the heating point are obliged to:
Uninterruptedly provide consumers with hot water at a temperature of 50-55 ° C with a minimum consumption of overheated water;
By systematic inspection of equipment and analysis of water parameters for the consumer, ensure its trouble-free operation;
If defects are found in the operation of the equipment, preventing its failure, put into operation the reserve equipment and stop the equipment with defects, in the absence of a reserve of defects, stop the equipment and organize its repair through the head of the section;
Monitor the temperature of the water coming from the boilers;
Maintain an operational (shift) journal, in which, with the indication of time, record the execution of operations for starting and stopping equipment, for switching in schemes, the nature of emergency situations, the main parameters of the boiler room during the shift, it is also necessary to record the contents of the oral orders of the enterprise management in the operational journal .
2. Responsibilities before starting work.
2.1. The personnel for the maintenance of heating points is obliged to arrive at the shift in advance and must, by inspection, familiarize themselves with the condition of the equipment both according to the K.I.P. and according to the entries in the operational log with the operating mode of the boiler room.
2.2. Personnel are obliged to check the availability and serviceability of instrumentation, tools, inventory, diagrams, instructions, fire extinguishing equipment.
2.3. The personnel must receive from the shift manager information about the operation of the installations and the order of higher managers.
2.4. The personnel handing over the shift is obliged, before handing over the shift, to prepare the boiler room for work without violating the regime and safety rules, to ensure cleanliness and order in the workplace.
2.5. Acceptance and delivery of the shift during the emergency mode is not allowed.
2.6. For all violations and omissions not identified when accepting a shift, the responsibility is borne by the personnel who carelessly accepted the shift.
2.7. Acceptance and delivery of the shift is made out by hand in the shift log.
3. Responsibilities during work.
3.1. The workplace of the personnel for servicing the boiler plant is the entire room in which the equipment and communications necessary to obtain hot water are located, as well as the adjacent territory, if there are tanks - accumulators and shut-off and control valves.
3.2. The regulation of the temperature of hot water to the consumer in the boiler room, which does not have automatic regulators, is carried out manually by the operator, by changing the degree of opening of the valves at the water inlet to the boiler.
3.3. When the temperature of hot water rises above 60 ° C, close the valves, when it drops below 50 ° C, open.
3.4. When the pressure of hot water on the consumer drops to 3 kg / cm 2, put the feed pump into operation.
3.5. At low consumption of hot water by consumers, it is provided using only the pressure in the water supply, preventing unnecessary consumption of electricity for make-up.
3.6. With the complete cessation of the analysis of hot water (at night), the valves at the inlet of superheated water in the boiler are completely closed. In summer, to ensure the circulation of superheated water in the system, the valves before and after the boilers must be left open.
4. Safety requirements in emergency situations.
4.1. In the event of a rupture of the superheated water pipeline within the boiler room, the appearance of fistulas, a violation of the tightness of the joints, accompanying a strong leak of hot water, the operator is obliged to urgently turn off the damaged section of the heating network and notify the management, and the operator must, if possible, take measures so that water does not get on electrical equipment.
4.2. If smoke or fire appears from the electric motor, turn off the electric motor immediately, start extinguishing the fire using a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher or sand.
After removing the voltage from the electric motor by an electrician, it is allowed to eliminate the fire with water.
4.3. In the event of a fire in the boiler room, take measures to eliminate it with primary fire extinguishing equipment, call the fire brigade, notify the management.
4.4. In case of burns, it is necessary to free the affected area from clothing, shoes. Bandage the burnt surface with a sterile bandage and contact a medical institution. Notify the master.
4.5. In case of severe mechanical injuries, put the victim in a safe place, give him a comfortable and calm position and call an ambulance (notify the work manager).
4.6. In case of electric shock, first of all, release the victim from the action of electric current (disconnect the equipment from the mains, separate the victim from current-carrying parts with insulating devices (boards, dry clothes, rubber gloves, rubber mats). If the victim has lost consciousness, but breathes, he must be laid in a comfortable position, unfasten the collar, give fresh air.If there is no breathing, the pulse is not palpable, the victim should immediately start artificial respiration, preferably using the "mouth to mouth" method before the doctor arrives.
5 Responsibilities at the end of work (shift)
5.1. Hand over the shift to the partner, sign in the journal of acceptance and delivery of shifts.
5.2. To take a shower
Responsibility.
For violation of this instruction, the boiler room operator bears disciplinary and material liability in accordance with the internal regulations of the enterprise, if his actions and the consequences of the violation entail stricter liability up to criminal.
instruction
made up
Agreed
HSE Engineer
1. General Provisions
This instruction defines the maintenance procedure for industrial ventilation and is common to all shops and services of OAO Baltika.
The instruction was developed in accordance with the Rules for Acceptance, Testing and Operation of Ventilation Systems for Oil Refineries and Petrochemical Enterprises PV NP-78, PB 09-170-97, RD 16.407-95 PUMBEVV-85, SniP 2.04.05-91*.
General control, as well as supervision of the technical condition and proper operation, timely and high-quality repair of ventilation units is carried out by the OGE of the enterprise.
Responsibility for the correct operation of ventilation units in accordance with the operating instructions, as well as for the good condition and safety of ventilation devices, lies with the heads of departments.
Starting and stopping of ventilation units is carried out by shift personnel specially trained and instructed for this purpose, they also monitor the operation of ventilation units. In the event of breakdowns and other deviations from the normal operation of the ventilation units, the shift personnel informs the mechanic or power engineer of the workshop about the noted malfunctions and takes measures to eliminate them.
Maintenance of ventilation installations and devices, maintaining them in good condition, maintaining technical documentation, carrying out current repairs of ventilation systems is assigned to mechanics or power engineers of workshops.
Ensuring the uninterrupted supply of ventilation installations of the entire plant with electricity and heat carrier, as well as repairs of electric motors, is entrusted to the service of the chief power engineer of the enterprise.
Current repairs - overhaul maintenance is carried out by the repair personnel of the production shops and the mechanics of the shops are responsible for their quality.
Current repairs include the following types of work:
Revision and cleaning of fans, air ducts, heaters, filters
lubrication of moving parts
changing and tightening belts
fastening of fences
Inspection of electric motors on site
replacement of starting equipment, wiring and grounding
Adjustment of air intake control devices.
If it is impossible for the workshop to perform any type of work, the unit, in the prescribed manner, seeks help from the ventilation unit section of the TSC and the OGE service.
Capital repairs include the following types of work:
change or restoration of ventilation equipment (fans, electric motors, heaters, filters)
replacement of air ducts, air distribution devices.
Repair or reconstruction of the construction part of the ventilation chambers is carried out by the head of the unit and the OGM.
After the overhaul, testing and adjustment of the ventilation system is carried out by the group for adjustment of the ventilation systems of the ventilation systems section of the TSC, the data with the conclusion of the efficiency of the ventilation system are entered in the technical passport of the installation.
The mandatory scope of work performed during scheduled preventive repairs is determined by the "Classifier of Repairs of Ventilation Units".
All types of repairs, reconstruction with indication of changes are reflected in the repair log of the ventilation units of the workshop (see Appendix 1).
Each ventilation unit must have an abbreviated
designation and serial number.
The abbreviated designation and number of the ventilation unit are applied with bright paint on the fan casing and next to the start button.
Ventilation units can be put into operation if the following documents are available:
Act on pre-launch testing and adjustment of ventilation systems (see Appendix 3);
· the passport of the ventilation unit, compiled according to the data of technical tests;
air handling unit repair log (see Appendix 1);
· Operating Instructions.
2. Purpose and device of ventilation
The ventilation and air heating system is designed to create normal sanitary and hygienic conditions in the working area of industrial premises by properly organizing air exchange, assimilation of released hazards and preventing the formation of explosive atmospheres.
Ventilation systems are divided into:
supply - to supply outside air to the working premises in order to ensure the required air exchange and maintain the temperature required by the standards in the winter period;
exhaust - intended for removal from working rooms of harmful toxic gases, vapors and dust;
aspiration - designed to create a rarefaction of air in the shelters of technological equipment, remove dust from the places of its release and clean the air before being released into the atmosphere;
air curtains - designed to block the penetration of cold air into the premises;
emergency - designed to remove harmful and toxic gases, vapors and dust from working premises in emergency cases when the gas content of the working premises is higher than the permissible norm.
As a heat carrier for supply ventilation systems combined with air heating of working premises, mains hot water with a temperature of up to 130 ° C is used, which is passed through special heating devices of air heaters and heats the air passing through the annular spaces, ensuring the air temperature inside the premises in accordance with sanitary standards.
3. The main provisions of labor protection during testing and operation of ventilation equipment
Personnel servicing and testing ventilation equipment should not be allowed to work without appropriate training.
Maintenance of ventilation units is allowed for persons appointed by order for the unit, who have passed the examinations of the qualification commission, carry out daily checks of the technical serviceability of ventilation equipment, air duct chambers, eliminate identified malfunctions and monitor the correct position of control devices.
All platforms located above the floor level, on which ventilation equipment is mounted, must be fenced, and stationary stairs to them must have railings.
Lifting umbrellas and other ventilation devices must be equipped with devices for securing them in the open working position.
Sufficient lighting must be provided at the installation sites of ventilation equipment.
It is forbidden to clutter up the ventilation chambers, channels, platforms with foreign objects.
The mains voltage, wire protection and the type of electrical fittings must comply with the general safety rules for industrial enterprises and the "Electrical Installation Rules".
Temporary electrical devices during the entire period of their operation must meet the same safety requirements that apply to permanent devices.
In rooms with industries of categories A, B and E, all metal air ducts and equipment for supply and exhaust installations must be grounded in accordance with the "Rules for the protection against static electricity in the production of the chemical, petrochemical and oil refining industries."
In case of shock, extraneous noise or unacceptable vibration on the fan, it must be switched off immediately.
Ventilation equipment can only be put into operation if there is a solid or mesh fence for drive belts, couplings and other rotating parts.
Before cleaning or repairing (including tightening the bolts) of the fan or electric motor on site, it is necessary to remove the fuses to prevent accidental starting of the electric motor, hang a warning poster on the starter button “Do not turn on! People are working! (follow the operating instructions for cleaning ventilation systems).
When temporarily disconnecting electric motors from the network for repairs, the ends of the supply wires must be insulated.
It is forbidden to remove and put on drive belts during rotation, the rotor of the electric motor.
It is forbidden to carry out work inside air ducts, bunkers, coolers, etc., devices until the fan stops completely and the bins are freed from dust, and the internal parts of the installations are ventilated.
During the repair of equipment, air ducts, umbrellas, shelters, etc. at a height, it is not allowed for strangers to be in places where these works are carried out.
In the event of a fire in one of the rooms of any category, all ventilation systems serving this room must be remotely switched off (by starting devices located at the main entrance doors) (except for the ventilation systems of tambour locks and industrial electric motors installed in rooms of category A, B and E, the shutdown of which must be interlocked with the shutdown of the electric motor). In the event of a fire, the ventilation systems can be stopped by any person according to the emergency response plan. After turning off the ventilation systems, call the fire brigade by calling 01, 10-55 or the fire detector.
4. Acceptance of ventilation systems by completed installation
Upon completion of all construction and installation work on the installation of ventilation systems, representatives of the installation organization, enterprise and workshop carry out a thorough inspection of ventilation units to determine their compliance with the project and identify defects in construction and installation works.
The following are subject to inspection: air duct networks, control devices, local exhausts and shelters, supply and exhaust pipes and shower nozzles, air heaters, fans, vibration-noise bases, supply and exhaust chambers, devices for starting and stopping ventilation systems, cyclones, self-cleaning oil filters, sleeve and other filters
After a thorough external examination and elimination of identified shortcomings, a trial run of ventilation units and units is carried out.
5. Trial run, pre-start tests and adjustment of ventilation systems
During the test run, the fan should run:
without vibration and noise exceeding the norm;
without overheating of the motor and bearings;
No slippage or slippage of the belts from the pulleys.
After elimination of all detected defects, they proceed to pre-start tests and adjustment of ventilation systems.
In the process of pre-start tests of newly installed ventilation units, the actual parameters of their operation are revealed, and as a result of adjustment, these parameters are brought to design values.
During pre-launch tests, the following is performed:
check of conformity and speed of fans;
Identification of leaks in air ducts and other elements of systems that were not detected during visual inspection;
Checking the uniformity of heating of heaters;
measuring the temperature of the supplied air in the head section of the air duct (the section of the air duct located directly behind the fan);
Checking the compliance with the design of the volumes of air supplied or removed by general exchange ventilation systems in individual rooms;
Checking the compliance of the volumes of air moved through individual air inlets and outlets with local ventilation systems serving individual production posts and process equipment;
Checking the normal functioning of all equipment
Deviations from the indicators provided for by the project, identified during the testing of systems, should not exceed:
· in terms of the volume of air passing through the air outlet and air inlets ± 20%, and through the head sections of the air duct ± 10%, for the ventilation system and pneumatic transport ± 10%;
· according to the temperature of the supplied air during the cold period of the year ± 2°С.
When the actual fan performance is greater than or equal to the design one, the installation is adjusted.
Adjustment of ventilation units consists in bringing the actual flow rates of air distributed (sucked in) through openings or moved in individual branches of air ducts to the corresponding design values using control devices, i.e. throttle valves, gate valves, diaphragms, etc.
Adjustment of ventilation units is carried out by separate air outlet or air inlet openings of each branch of the unit's air ducts.
In cases where the design performance of the ventilation unit cannot be achieved while maintaining the installed fan or electric motor, the replacement of this equipment must be confirmed by the calculation of the organization conducting the tests and agreed with the organization that developed the project.
6. Acceptance of ventilation systems for operation
Ventilation units may be admitted for acceptance into operation after their continuous and proper operation for 7 hours.
Acceptance of newly assembled ventilation units from the installation company is carried out by a commission appointed by order of the enterprise, and individual ventilation units after their reconstruction by a commission appointed by the chief engineer of OAO Baltika
After the completion of individual testing and testing of the installed equipment, the ventilation units are accepted by the working commission. The results of testing and the conclusion of the working commission are drawn up in an act.
From the moment of signing the specified act, ventilation units are considered accepted by the "Customer" and he is responsible for their safety.
Documentation presented upon acceptance of ventilation systems must contain:
certificate for pre-launch tests;
an act on hidden work and acts of intermediate acceptance of the structure;
passports for each ventilation unit, as well as for all dust and gas trapping devices.
Tests for the sanitary and hygienic effect and adjustment of ventilation systems (determination of the content of harmful gases and dust in the air of working premises, measurements of temperature and relative humidity of air at workplaces and identification of the compliance of the air environment with current sanitary standards) should be carried out at full technological load of ventilated premises.
Operation of ventilation units
7.Mechanical ventilation.
To ensure the smooth and efficient operation of ventilation units in industrial enterprises, their proper operation must be carried out.
Ventilation units (except for local ones) must operate continuously in industrial premises where harmful and explosive substances are constantly present in equipment and pipelines.
In rooms where the release of harmful and explosive substances is possible only during the course of the technological process, ventilation installations must operate continuously during all hours of the workshop, section.
Local ventilation units interlocked with process equipment must operate during the entire time of operation of process equipment.
Local exhaust ventilation units that are not interlocked with process equipment turn on 3-5 minutes before the start of process equipment operation and turn off 3-5 minutes after the end of work.
The inclusion of supply and general exchange exhaust ventilation units is carried out 10-15 minutes before the start of the work of the workshop (department), while first the exhaust and then the supply ventilation units are turned on.
Switching off the supply and general exchange exhaust units is carried out 10-12 minutes after the end of the workshop. First, the supply air and then the exhaust units are turned off.
The inclusion of CCGT cyclone towers is carried out in the following order:
Turn on the augers, after starting, make sure how the gearboxes, roller chains work, the correct rotation of the auger;
Turn on the cyclone dispensers and make sure by lightly tapping whether dust has hung in the cyclone body;
· turn on the filters in operation, also having previously checked whether there is dust in the sleeves and bins of the filters.
It is necessary to check whether the augers and shaking mechanisms of the filters are working properly. After all this, the fans turn on.
Before putting the equipment of cyclone towers into operation, it is necessary to know the condition of the unloading hoppers. Is there dust there, are the vibrators and dispensers in good order.
During the operation of the CCGT, the operator is obliged to constantly monitor the correct operation of the equipment, maintain cleanliness and order in the premises of the cyclone towers.
CCGT equipment shutdown is carried out in the following order:
Stop the machines
Stop the fans
stop filters;
stop dispensers;
stop the augers.
Dust in augers, cyclones, filters, hoppers must be removed.
8. Ensuring the normal operation of ventilation units
In order for the fan to operate in a given mode, it is necessary to comply with the basic requirements.
Before starting the fan, check whether the doors, hatches and manholes of the supply and exhaust chambers are tightly closed, whether they are securely fastened. fans and electric motors on foundations and foundations.
Make sure that the drive couplings are in good condition, the tension of the drive belts and their condition, the correct rotation of the fan impeller. Starting the fan with an incomplete set of drive belts is prohibited.
When starting the fans of the supply systems, gradually open the insulated damper at the air inlet of the supply units, as well as gradually open the damper and throttle valves.
After the operation of the fans of the supply systems, check the temperature and humidity of the supplied air for 5-40 minutes.
When the fan stops, turn off the electric motor and close the valves (or doors) on the air intake duct of the supply unit or on the exhaust duct of the exhaust unit.
The fan and motor bearings must be lubricated: ball bearings are lubricated at least once every two months and the oil level in the bath of plain bearings with ring lubrication is checked daily: insufficient lubrication of ball bearings is detected by the knocking of the shaft in the bearings, and for plain bearings with ring lubrication by the rattling of dry lubricating ring: - replenish the lubricant: when filling the bearing housing with liquid mineral oil - at least once every 3-4 months; to perform a complete change of lubricant with flushing of the bearing housing with kerosene: when using liquid oil - at least once every six months, when using grease lubricants - at least once a year.
Ensure that the temperature of the bearing housing does not exceed 70 ° C, at higher temperatures, stop the fan, inspect the bearings, clean them of dirt and fill them with fresh grease.
Cleaning of ventilation chambers, air ducts, filtering devices and external surfaces of ventilation equipment shall be carried out within the time limits established by the working instructions.
Fans located outside buildings should be painted at least once a year (in summer), and those located inside the building – in accordance with the repair schedule.
Make sure that the fan motor and its drive are in good condition, and the motor housing and electric starting equipment are grounded.
Chamber doors must be tightly closed.
If, when turned on, the electric motor does not work or works, but does not give the required speed and a strong hum is observed, you must immediately turn off the ventilation unit and report the malfunction to an electrician.
After turning off the ventilation, it is necessary to close the damper on the suction duct, turn off the heaters, unless a partial passage of the coolant through them is provided or a valve is not installed on the return line.
During the operation of ventilation units, it is necessary to periodically monitor:
during operation of the fan motor (see requirements above);
for the operation of the fans (smooth running, the correct direction of rotation of the impeller);
for the position of throttles and valves on the air ducts;
for the serviceability of the fences, for the state of the transmission.
All deviations from the normal operation of ventilation units are recorded in the shift log.
9. Heaters
Turning on and off calorific installations, their maintenance.
The efficiency of ventilation installations during the cold period of the year largely depends on the operation of heaters. Therefore, the correct switching on and off of heaters, as well as regular maintenance of heater installations, is of great importance.
The bypass valve at the heater must be completely closed in winter and completely open in summer.
In winter, before starting the supply ventilation units, warm up the heaters for 1.0-15 minutes.
The order of inclusion of calorific installations heated by water:
1) close all devices for draining water at the lowest points of the pipeline of the calorific unit;
2) check whether the air outlets are open at the upper piping points of the heaters;
3) open the shut-off valves on the supply line to the heaters;
4) after filling the heaters with water, close the air outlets;
5) check the readings of measuring instruments, if the temperature and pressure are below the required ones, do not turn on the fan and find out the reasons for the inefficient operation of the heaters.
When heating heaters with steam:
1) close the main line of the steam trap and open the passage through the bypass line;
2) fully open the control valve and gradually open the manual valve on the common steam line to the heaters;
3) close the bypass line of the steam trap and open the main line.
Shutdown of water-heated air heaters:
close the shut-off and control valves on the supply and return pipelines to the heaters;
open devices for draining water at the lowest points of the pipeline;
open the air vents.
Shutdown of calorific units heated by steam:
1) close the shut-off and control valves on the steam pipeline to the heaters;
2) open the bypass line and close the main line of the steam trap;
unscrew the plug at the bottom of the steam trap to drain the accumulated condensate. After draining the condensate, tighten the plug. To ensure the smooth operation of the heaters, it is necessary:
Regularly check if air has accumulated in the upper part of the heaters, and if accumulated, it must be removed;
before turning on the heaters, check whether the insulated valve is closed from the openings of the air intake channel of the flow chamber;
when turning off the calorific unit, in order to avoid freezing of the pipes, close the insulated valve on the opening of the air intake channel tightly;
daily check air heater installations and immediately eliminate the causes of steaming or leakage in air heaters, flange connections, fittings and pipelines;
monitor the serviceability of control and measuring devices;
10. Emergency ventilation
Particular attention must be paid to the maintenance of emergency ventilation installations, the purpose of which is to eliminate the created dangerous concentration of vapors and gases in the shortest possible time.
It is not allowed to operate emergency ventilation installations during the normal course of the technological regime;
Emergency ventilation units must be interlocked by signaling devices commercially produced by the industry and automatically switched on from these devices. In addition to automatic activation, emergency ventilation must also have manual activation.
For the purposes of emergency ventilation, air inflow through window and door openings is allowed with the possibility of temporary cooling of the room in the cold season.
Emergency ventilation installations must be in constant readiness and no inspections and checks before start-up are carried out.
Before accepting a shift, the host must make sure that the emergency fans are in good condition, that they rotate correctly by external inspection and that they are put into operation for a short time. If aeration devices are used as emergency ventilation, it is necessary to make sure before accepting a shift (especially in winter) that the devices for opening the lantern flaps are in good condition.
For emergency ventilation, main and backup ventilation and local suction systems are used to provide the air flow required for emergency ventilation.
11. Natural ventilation
In the warm season, the inflow is carried out through the lower opening of window frames, as well as gates and entrance doors.
Aeration devices (deflectors) must be
equipped with reliable mechanisms for their adjustment and maintenance in the proper position. The deflector control mechanisms must be systematically checked for trouble-free operation. The rubbing parts of the mechanisms must be lubricated.
412 Repair of ventilation systems
Repair of ventilation units is carried out in accordance with the annual plan (schedule) of the PPR.
The Rules provide for:
· Maintenance;
major overhaul.
The annual plan (schedule) of the PPR is drawn up on the basis of the mileage rate, for each production workshop, for each ventilation unit and provides for the number of current and major repairs.
Current repairs should be carried out to eliminate defects and damage, restore and replace worn-out elements and parts, as well as periodically clean individual units of ventilation units.
Before the overhaul, a defective statement is drawn up, on the basis of which the overhaul is carried out.
After the overhaul of the ventilation systems, it must be re-tested and adjusted to the parameters corresponding to its operational characteristics. All parameters of the ventilation unit are recorded in the passport.
All types of repairs, indicating the changes, are reflected in the repair log of the ventilation units of the workshop.
Repair of natural ventilation devices is carried out as needed in the summer season.
Ventilation units that are very worn out, technically outdated, not giving the desired effect when changing the technological regime or replacing technological equipment, must be reconstructed and, after installation, be handed over to the shop, like new units after they have been tested.
This safety instruction has been developed for the safe repair and maintenance of vehicles and tractors.
1. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR LABOR PROTECTION
1.1. This instruction provides for the basic requirements for labor protection and safe work on the repair and maintenance of vehicles and tractors.
1.2. Persons over 18 years of age who have the appropriate qualifications, have passed a medical examination, theoretical and practical training, and have tested their knowledge of labor safety requirements in the prescribed manner are allowed to independently work on the repair and maintenance of vehicles and tractors.
1.3. When carrying out repair work, it is necessary to comply with the Internal Labor Regulations approved by the enterprise.
1.4. The most dangerous and harmful production factors operating during the maintenance and repair of vehicles are:
- components and parts of vehicles (during the repair process, a suspended vehicle may fall or components and parts removed from it);
– garage repair and technological equipment, tools, fixtures. It is forbidden to use tools, fixtures, equipment without training and instruction;
- electricity;
- insufficient illumination of the workplace and the serviced (repaired) unit, unit.
1.5. It is necessary to follow the rules of fire safety, be able to use fire extinguishing equipment. Smoking is allowed only in designated areas.
1.6. You must report any violations of safety requirements at your workplace, as well as malfunctions of devices, tools and personal protective equipment to your immediate supervisor and do not start work until the violations and malfunctions are eliminated.
2. HEALTH REQUIREMENTS BEFORE STARTING WORK
2.1. Before starting work, it is necessary to put on overalls, safety shoes; inspect and prepare your workplace, remove all unnecessary items without cluttering up the aisles.
2.2. Check the availability and serviceability of tools, devices, while:
- wrenches should not have cracks and nicks, the jaws of the keys should be parallel and not rolled up;
- sliding keys must not be loosened in moving parts;
- metalwork hammers and sledgehammers should have a slightly convex, not oblique and not knocked down, without cracks and work hardening, the surface of the striker, should be securely fastened to the handles by wedging with pointed wedges;
- the handles of hammers and sledgehammers must have a smooth surface;
- percussion instruments (chisels, crosscuts, barbs, cores, etc.) should not have cracks, burrs and work hardening. Chisels must be at least 150 mm long;
- files, chisels and other tools should not have a pointed non-working surface, be securely fixed on a wooden handle with a metal ring on it;
- the power tool must have good insulation of live parts and reliable grounding.
2.3. The floor in the workplace must be dry and clean.
2.4. A portable lamp must have a protective grid, a serviceable cord and an insulating rubber tube. Portable lamps must be connected to the mains with a voltage not exceeding 42 V.
3. REQUIREMENTS OF LABOR PROTECTION DURING WORK
3.1. All types of maintenance and repair of the vehicle on the territory of oil depots should be carried out only at places specially designed for this purpose.
3.2. Start maintenance and repair of the vehicle only after it has been cleaned of dirt, snow and washed.
3.3. After placing the vehicle at the maintenance or repair station, it is imperative to check whether it is braked by the parking brake, whether the ignition is turned off, whether the gear lever is set to the neutral position, and whether special wheel chocks are placed at least two under the wheels. Hang a sign on the steering wheel "Do not start the engine - people are working!".
3.4. After lifting the vehicle with a hydraulic lift, it is necessary to fix the lift with a stop against spontaneous lowering.
3.5. Repair of the vehicle from below outside the inspection ditch, overpass or lift should be carried out only on a sunbed.
3.6. For safe passage through the inspection ditch, as well as for work in front and behind the vehicle, use walkways, and for descending into the inspection ditch, use ladders specially installed for this purpose.
3.7. Remove or install the wheel together with the brake drum using a special trolley. If the removal of the hubs is difficult, use special pullers to remove them.
3.8. All work on the maintenance and repair of the vehicle to be carried out with the engine off, with the exception of work, the technology of which requires starting the engine. Such work is carried out at special posts, where exhaust gas is provided.
3.9. Before starting the engine, make sure the shift lever is in neutral and that no one is under the vehicle or near the rotating parts. Inspection of the vehicle from below is carried out only when the engine is not running.
3.10. Before turning the propeller shaft, check that the ignition is switched off. Set the gearshift lever to neutral position and release the parking brake. After carrying out the necessary work, apply the parking brake again. Turn the cardan shaft only with the help of a special tool.
3.11. Remove the engine from the vehicle and install it on it only when the vehicle is on wheels or on special stands.
3.12. Before removing the wheels, place tragus of the appropriate carrying capacity under the suspended part of the vehicle or trailer and lower the suspended part onto them, and install special wheel chocks in the amount of at least two under the non-lifting wheels.
3.13. When disassembling and assembling and other fastening operations that require great physical effort, use pullers, wrenches, etc. If necessary, pre-lubricate nuts that are difficult to loosen with kerosene or special liquids.
3.14. Before removing units and assemblies associated with power, cooling and lubrication systems, when liquid leakage is possible, first drain fuel, oil or coolant from them into a special container.
3.15. Before removing the spring, be sure to unload it from the weight by raising the front or rear and then installing the frame on the trestle.
3.16. To carry out work under the raised body of a dump trailer and when replacing or repairing the lifting mechanism, first free the body from the load and be sure to install an additional inventory device (stop, clamp, bar).
3.17. Before repairing the tank for the transportation of oil products, completely clean it of oil product residues.
3.18. Repair of fuel tanks should be carried out after complete removal of fuel residues and neutralization.
3.19. Spilled oil or fuel should be removed with sand or sawdust, which after use must be poured into special metal boxes with lids.
3.20. Correctly select the size of the wrench, preferably use ring and socket wrenches, and in hard-to-reach places - wrenches with ratchet or swivel head.
3.21. Correctly apply the wrench to the nut, do not tighten the nut with a jerk.
3.22. When working with a chisel or other chopping tool, it is necessary to use goggles to protect the eyes from damage by metal particles, and also to put a protective washer on the chisel to protect hands.
3.23. It is necessary to press out tightly seated fingers and bushings using special tools.
3.24. Units and assemblies removed from the vehicle must be placed on special stable stands, and long parts should only be placed horizontally.
3.25. When working on drilling machines, small parts should be installed in a vise or special devices.
3.26. When working on a grinding machine, you should stand on the side, and not against the rotating abrasive wheel, while using goggles or screens. The gap between the handpiece and the abrasive wheel should not exceed 3 mm.
3.27. When working with a power tool with a voltage of more than 42 V, use protective equipment (dielectric rubber gloves, galoshes, rugs) issued together with the power tool.
3.28. Connect the power tool to the mains only if there is a working plug connector.
3.29. In the event of a power outage or a break in work, the power tool must be disconnected from the mains.
3.30. It is necessary to remove dust and chips from the workbench, equipment or part with a sweeping brush or a metal hook.
3.31. It is forbidden:
- perform work under a vehicle or a unit hung only on a lifting mechanism without a support for tragus or other safety devices;
- lift the units with an oblique tension of the cable or chain of the lifting mechanism, as well as moor the units with a sling, wire, etc.;
- work under a raised body of a dump trailer without a special inventory fixing device;
- use random coasters and linings instead of a special additional emphasis;
- work with damaged or incorrectly installed stops;
- perform any work on cylinders under pressure;
- carry the power tool holding it by the cable, as well as touch the rotating parts with your hand until they stop;
- blow off dust and chips with compressed air, direct a stream of air at people standing nearby or yourself;
- store oiled cleaning materials at the workplace and store clean cleaning materials together with used ones;
- wash units, components and parts, and the like with flammable liquids;
- block up the passages between the racks and exits from the premises with materials, equipment, containers, removed units, etc.;
- store used oil, empty containers from fuel and lubricants;
- use ladders;
- twist, flatten and bend hoses and tubes, use oily hoses;
- use nuts and bolts with crumpled edges;
- hold small parts when drilling them;
- install gaskets between the link of the key and the faces of nuts, bolts, as well as increase the keys with pipes or other objects.
4. REQUIREMENTS FOR LABOR PROTECTION IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS
4.1. In case of emergencies (fire, fire) it is necessary:
- stop work;
- Notify the supervisor.
4.2. When extinguishing a fire, remember:
- sand is used to extinguish small fires of solid and liquid substances;
- asbestos cloth, tarpaulin, felt mat is used to extinguish small burning surfaces and clothes on a person.
4.3. If it is impossible to eliminate the source of fire on your own, use the fire warning system and call the fire brigade by calling 101.
4.4. In case of injury or sudden illness of employees, immediately organize first aid, if necessary, call an ambulance by calling 103.
5. REQUIREMENTS FOR HEALTH AND SAFETY AFTER THE END OF WORK
5.1. Disconnect electrical equipment from the mains, turn off local ventilation.
5.2. Tidy up your workspace. Remove fixtures and tools in the place provided for them.
5.3. If the vehicle remains on special stands, check the reliability of its installation. It is forbidden to leave the vehicle, the unit suspended only by the lifting mechanism.
5.4. Remove personal protective equipment and put them in the place intended for them.
5.5. Wash your face and hands with soap or take a shower.
5.6. Report any deficiencies found during work to the immediate supervisor.
