Beam wiring of heating pipes. How to make a radiant heating system. Collector-beam wiring of the heating system

Thanks to the emergence of new materials and equipment, the modernization of traditional water heating systems has become possible. One of these innovations, which are gaining more and more popularity, we will discuss in this article. This is the so-called collector or beam heating system, which appeared relatively recently. Consider what it is and how to mount it in a private house.

Collector system device

Beam wiring is, in fact, a hybrid between a traditional two-pipe scheme and a water heated floor system. Just as in a two-pipe system, the coolant enters the distribution manifold and radiators through two pipelines - supply and return. The collector itself and the method of laying pipes were taken from the warm floors - in the floor screed or between wooden logs.

The structure of the system is as follows: from the boiler plant to the distribution manifold there is a main line. From it to each heater, a separate line is laid under the floors. The connection is straight, without any fittings and unnecessary turns. For clarity, below is a functional diagram of the radiant heating system of a private house:

The easiest way to implement it is in a one-story house of a small area. For the distributor, you need to choose a convenient place, better - somewhere in the center of the building, you can in the corridor. Bring the coolant from the boiler to it and lay pipes to the radiators. How it looks in terms of the house is shown in the sketch:

The versatility of beam systems lies in the fact that you can easily perform wiring in a private house of any number of storeys. To do this, a riser is laid from the boiler room from pipes of such a diameter as to ensure the required coolant flow for the entire building. On each floor, a collector is connected to the riser, and wiring is made from it to the radiators in a beam way. The diameter of the vertical section leading to the next floor is reduced in accordance with the hydraulic calculation. The wiring for a two-story house is shown in the sketch:

In cottages of a large area, in addition to the radiator heating system, heated floors are additionally arranged, buffer tanks and indirect heating boilers are installed. Then the radiant heating system of a two-story house becomes more complicated, a distribution comb is installed in the boiler room. Both the beam distribution riser and all other heat consumers are connected to it, as shown in the diagram:

Each circuit has an individual circulation pump installed on the supply pipeline extending from the comb. It turns out that all circuits function independently of each other and can be adjusted automatically.

Note. The diagram does not show the circulation pumps of the boiler circuit, since in wall-mounted boilers these units are located inside.

Pros and cons of a radiant heating system

I must say that the new collector-beam heating system took from its predecessors all their advantages and disadvantages. First about the good:

the most advanced scheme in terms of hydraulics. The coolant goes to each battery through an individual line, so they are absolutely independent of each other. The design of the manifold makes it easy to balance these branches;
all radiators receive water at the same temperature;
the number of connections is minimal, there are no tees;
it is convenient to introduce means of automatic control and manage the entire scheme as a whole;
you can always turn off any battery by opening the cabinet with the distributor and turning off the corresponding tap;
aesthetics. There are no pipes in sight.

As usual, it was not without drawbacks. The most unpleasant of them is the high cost of equipment and installation. Even the absence of fittings cannot compensate for the cost of a collector and increased pipe footage. If there are several floors, then the price doubles and triples, compared to a simple two-pipe system, this is very expensive. Well, the installation of wiring in the floor screed or between the lags involves additional work on the installation of the floor covering, which again leads to a rise in price.

Homeowners often ask themselves the question: why do I need a radiant heating scheme with radiators, if I still need to deal with the screed, then it’s better to make warm floors right away. And they are right, underfloor heating heats the room more evenly, and the cost will be slightly more expensive. The conclusion is simple: if there is a financial resource, warm floors are preferable.

There is one more nuance: collector wiring will not allow you to realize the natural circulation of the coolant due to the inability to withstand diameters and slopes. So you can forget about energy independence.

First of all, it is necessary to correctly determine the diameters of pipelines, especially for highways, here one cannot do without hydraulic calculation. It is a little easier with radial branches to radiators, their size can be taken according to this principle:

for batteries up to 1.5 kW, pipe 16 x 2 mm;
for a radiator with a power over 1.5 kW, a pipe 20 x 2 mm.

When wiring in the floor, all connections must be insulated, otherwise you will heat the screed sections, and the batteries will be cold. Do not scatter the pipes at random, arguing that they will still be flooded with mortar and no mess will be visible. This is a mistake, the branches must be laid carefully, distributing them in pairs, and at the end put down only noticeable marks for you in those places where the pipes lie. Subsequently, this will help to quickly find them in the event of an accident.

Do-it-yourself installation in a one-story house is relatively simple. Choose the optimal placement for a cabinet with a collector (ideally - in a wall niche), measure the distances and purchase pipes, install radiators. Balancing fittings do not need to be installed anywhere, only ball valves on batteries. By the way, if possible, vertical sections of pipes coming out of the floor can be hidden in the walls. Then the connections to the heating devices will not be visible at all.

Advice. Do not use polypropylene pipes in such networks. They do not bend and have a large linear elongation. Yes, and it is illogical to use cheap materials in an expensive system, it is better to take metal-plastic or cross-linked polyethylene.

In a house with two or more floors, it is necessary to install shut-off and control valves on each branch from the riser. A ball valve is installed on the supply pipeline, and a balancing valve is installed on the return pipeline. This will balance the entire system hydraulically, as well as cut off floors from heating if necessary.

Conclusion

As you can see, beam wiring is one of the most successful solutions, although in some situations it may not be practical. Despite all its advantages, the scheme belongs to a high price category, where it is difficult for it to compete with underfloor heating and other modern systems. Nevertheless, these types of wiring have the right to life and are used not only in private homes, but also in public and administrative buildings.

When deciding how to heat their own home, the owner can choose from a variety of heating technologies. What they have in common is a similar set of structural elements, which includes a boiler, a pipe system and heaters that directly heat the room.

There are differences in the schemes for connecting pipelines, one of its options is a radiant heating system, the characteristics and construction rules of which will be discussed in the article.

Significant advantages of beam wiring
The principle of organization of the beam scheme
- Choosing a circulation pump
- Rules for installing a circulation pump
- Is it possible without a pump?
- Choosing a distribution manifold
Beam wiring connection diagram
- What needs to be done before installation?
- Rules for installing beam wiring
Beam wiring and underfloor heating
For wooden houses
Analysis of the arguments "for" and "against"
Conclusions and useful video on the topic

Significant advantages of beam wiring

The main task of the heating system is to compensate for the heat that the building loses due to differences between the internal and external air temperatures, as well as due to the different degree of thermal conductivity of the external walls.

In practice, you can connect all heating devices together by the following methods:

tee connection;
radiation(manifold) connection, when a separate pair of pipes is supplied to each heater using a collector for direct and reverse supply of coolant.

A tee or perimeter type of pipe connection is cheaper. But due to the fact that the devices are connected to each other and connected by a pipeline to a single riser, the system will need to be completely turned off and freed from the coolant to repair a separate radiator or section. Or equip with bypasses and valves, which will significantly increase the cost of organizing heating.

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An indisputable argument in favor of the device of a radiant heating system is its efficiency, which is much higher than circuits with tee wiring.

The distribution of the radiant type of heating is carried out by floors. It is arranged mainly with a lower connection to devices

The construction of heating systems according to the ray principle became possible due to the development and implementation of metal-plastic and polypropylene reinforced pipes

Pipes are brought to each heating device in the form of rays emanating from the distribution comb - collector

The parallel principle of connecting devices to the pipeline provides almost equal temperature in them. The difference between the flow and return temperatures is also minimal, which significantly reduces the load on the system.

In the collector system there can be only one ring connected to the comb, or several secondary rings to which the coolant is supplied through the primary ring

For normal operation, the system is equipped with at least one circulation pump, although it is recommended to install them on each of the rings. Installed air vent, pressure gauge and pressure relief valve

The collector is placed in a closet, in two-story houses on the floor one collector is installed, which are interconnected by risers

With traditional perimeter wiring, the entire pipeline is most often installed in an open way, less often hidden. Radiant heating systems are mainly laid in walls or floors, because a large number of pipes laid on top of the structures negatively affects the interior.

Concealed installation is carried out by a system of pipes for underfloor heating, which, in accordance with the technological specifics, is arranged according to a beam scheme. The beam pipeline to the heating devices is also laid in the floor screed in a hidden way, because this is better for technological and architectural reasons.

The assembly of the pipeline according to the beam scheme will cost significantly more than the installation of the system along the perimeter method. However, due to the specifics of such wiring, the heated coolant is supplied to all points at the same time.

A large number of pipes when using the beam method of assembling pipelines can ruin the interior. Therefore, all heating communications are laid in the floor or walls. All connections remain on the surface, so there is practically no risk of leakage under the screed. With a tee system, this cannot be done, because. when the joints are worn, the walls and floor will have to be broken.

In order to reduce the consumption of pipes, the pipelines assembled according to the beam pattern are not laid along the perimeter, but in the shortest ways - from the collector to the device

The main disadvantage of the collector wiring is the high material consumption, which lies in the long length. And the main plus is that in each room you can set a different temperature, creating a comfortable microclimate in any room.

Each radiator or convector is connected independently, which is also convenient for service work and replacement of worn-out elements of the system without the need to turn off the heating in the entire house or apartment.

Concealed installation allows you to significantly improve the visual appearance of any room, leaving only heating radiators visible

The principle of organization of the beam scheme

One of the central elements of the beam system is the collector. If you are going to do heating in a house with several floors, then the collector should be located at each level. During installation, the collectors are placed in a collector cabinet, where a convenient system for the location of this element is provided for subsequent maintenance or adjustment.

The beam wiring diagram is used for one- and two-pipe systems. The first option assumes that the supply and collection of the coolant is carried out by one collector. The second option involves the use of two collectors for supply and return

The indisputable advantage of the beam system is the minimum number of connections, which positively affects the hydraulic stability of the entire heating system. The central working body is a boiler. To ensure high efficiency and safety, the owner needs to take into account the power of the unit, the consumption of thermal energy by heating appliances and the heat loss of the system. This must be done, regardless of what type of fuel the boiler is running on.

An increase in the length of the pipeline when creating a beam distribution is fraught with a slight increase in heat loss, which also needs to be taken into account for the power balance.

In a single-pipe beam distribution of heating circuits, the coolant prepared for heating devices is supplied by the same collector that collects the return and sends it to the boiler (+)

Choosing a circulation pump

Beam distribution of the pipeline is used mainly in horizontal circuits with a lower coolant supply. It requires a circulation pump that stimulates the movement of heated water through numerous branches.

Controlled circulation of the coolant makes it possible to reduce the temperature difference at the inlet and outlet of the heating circuit. As a result, it is possible to increase the heating efficiency, making the system more compact and less material intensive.

When selecting and installing a circulation pump, a number of features must be taken into account, using which you can achieve high efficiency of the entire system

This unit is selected according to several important parameters, including:

productivity, m 3 /hour;
head height, m

In order to choose the right pump for these parameters, it is necessary to take into account the diameter of the pipes, their length and the height of the location relative to the level of the pumping unit. When drawing up a project for the installation of a heating system, these parameters are calculated in advance.

Rules for installing a circulation pump

wet rotor circulation pumps are installed in such a way that the shaft has a horizontal position;
the device with a thermostat should not be close to hot surfaces (radiator or boiler) so that the readings are not distorted;
as a rule, it is installed on the return section of the pipeline due to lower temperatures. Modern models can also be mounted in the supply line, withstanding high temperature conditions;
the heating circuit must be equipped with an air bleed mechanism. If there is none, then the pump must have an air vent;
should be located as close as possible to the expansion tank;
before installing the pump, it is recommended to flush the system to remove solids;
before starting the pump, fill the system with water;

To avoid becoming a victim of excessive noise, select a pump according to the performance of the heating system.

Is it possible without a pump?

Of course, you can save money and not buy a pump, air vents, sensors, etc. But the natural circulation beam system requires several not very convenient conditions. Experts recommend this option in extremely rare cases. First, you need to install pipes of wide diameter. Secondly, the expansion tank must be installed at the highest point of the facility.

To save on components, you can do without a pump, but this is only possible under a number of conditions and only for small buildings

This option is suitable for a summer residence or other modest object, providing enough heat. The choice between natural circulation and forced circulation must be made at the design stage.

Choosing a distribution manifold

This device is also called a comb. It serves to supply the coolant to each heating device (warm floor, radiator, convector, etc.). The collector also drains the return, which then enters the boiler or is again mixed into the circuit to adjust the temperature. The collector can support from 2 to 12 circuits. Some manufacturers offer even more branches for complex projects.

The distribution manifold is the main transport terminal, which serves to distribute the coolant in the right amount for each room or heater

Combs are often equipped with additional shut-off and control and thermostatic elements. They allow you to adjust the optimal flow rate of the coolant for each heating branch. Existence of air removers guarantees more effective and safe work of system.

Beam wiring connection diagram

When choosing a heating scheme, in most cases they stop at the radial floor distribution of the pipeline. All pipes are hidden from view in the thickness of the floor. Collector - the main distribution body is installed in a niche of a wall fence, often in a special cabinet located in the center of the house / apartment.

In the vast majority of cases, the implementation of beam wiring requires the presence of a circulation pump, and sometimes several, installed on each ring or branch. Its necessity is described above. The beam wiring of the heating system assembly is most often performed on the basis of one- and two-pipe installation, almost completely replacing the tee type of connection.

On each floor, near the riser of the two-pipe system, the supply and return manifolds are mounted. Under the floor, pipes from both collectors run in the wall or under the floor and connect to each radiator within the floor. Each of the contours should have approximately the same length. If this cannot be achieved, then each ring must be equipped with its own circulation pump and automatic temperature control.

In this case, the change in the temperature regime will be completely independent on each circuit and will not affect each other. Because the pipeline will be under the screed, each radiator must be equipped with an air valve. The air vent can also be placed on the manifold.

What needs to be done before installation?

Before starting work, the task of the owner is to correctly select all the components and locations of the equipment, namely:

determine locations radiators;
choose the type of radiators, based on pressure indicators and the type of coolant, as well as determine the number of sections or the area of \u200b\u200bpanels (calculate heat losses and calculate the heat output required for high-quality heating of each room);
draw a diagram of the location of the radiators and pipeline routes, not forgetting about other elements of the heating system (boiler, collectors, pump, etc.);
make a paper list all items and make purchases. In order not to make a mistake in the calculation, you can invite a specialist.

So, in order to proceed to the next stage, it is necessary to take into account the rules for mounting the beam system

Rules for installing beam wiring

If you have chosen to lay pipes under the floor, follow a few rules that will help to avoid heat loss and freezing of the coolant. There should be enough space between the rough and finish floor (more on this later in the description).

When installing pipes in the floor, it is important to take into account several requirements, one of which is the presence of sufficient space between the finishing and subfloor

A concrete foundation slab can be used as a subfloor. A layer of insulation is first laid on it, then a pipeline is arranged. If pipes are laid without a heat-insulating substrate, then the water in these areas can freeze, losing a lot of heat.

As for pipes, it is better to opt for polyethylene or metal-plastic models, which are highly flexible. The polypropylene pipeline does not bend well, therefore it is not suitable for beam wiring.

In most cases, a pipe with a diameter of 16–20 mm is used (if the radiator power is more than 1.5 kW, then 20 mm), on which a heat-insulating corrugation is put on to reduce heat loss and compensate for thermal expansion. The pipeline must be attached to the base so that it does not float during pouring with a finishing layer of screed. You can fix it with mounting tape, plastic clamps or other available methods.

The pipe under the screed must be insulated to reduce heat loss to a minimum, and on the ground floor it is imperative to lay a layer of thermal insulation

Then, around the pipeline, we lay the insulation with a layer of 50 mm from foam or polystyrene. We also fasten the insulation to the base of the floor using dowels-nails. The final step is to fill the solution with a layer of 5-7 cm, which will serve as the base of the finishing floor. Any floor covering can already be laid on this surface.

If pipes are laid on the second floor and above, then the installation of a thermal insulation layer is optional. Remember one important rule, there should not be any connections on the sections of the pipeline under the floor.

If there is a pump of sufficient power and performance, the collector is sometimes placed one floor lower relative to the level of the radiators.

If the collector is located at the lower level (basement), then you need to take into account several rules for the correct piping from the comb to the radiators, which are located on the next level

From the collector pipes rise vertically to the ceiling. Then a bend is made and the pipeline along the ceiling is connected to each radiator with another 90 degree bend. Pipes must be fixed on the ceiling. Thus, a vertical pipe through the ceiling is connected to each heater.

Beam wiring and underfloor heating

The beam scheme can also be used to equip the “warm” floor system. With a well-designed project, taking into account all factors, it is possible to abandon radiators, making a warm floor the main source for heating.

Heat flows will be evenly distributed throughout the room, without creating a convection effect, unlike radiators. As a result, there is no circulation of dust in the air

Before embarking on the implementation of the idea of \u200b\u200binstalling water heated floors, it is important to consider the following features:

a reflective screen with a layer of thermal insulation is laid on a concrete or wooden base;
pipes are laid on top in a loop-like pattern;
before pouring concrete, a hydraulic pressure test of the system is carried out throughout the day;
the finishing layer is a screed or flooring.

The collector of each circuit must be equipped with flow meters and thermostatic valves, which allow precise control of the flow of the coolant and regulation of its temperature.

When distributing pipes, thermostatic heads and servomotors can be used. These devices allow you to automate the operation of a warm floor. The system will respond to changes in room temperature by adjusting the comfort mode for each room.

Radiant distribution for underfloor heating requires the collector to be equipped with several components that allow you to control, automate and manage underfloor heating to achieve maximum comfort and energy efficiency

During installation, it is extremely important to properly fix the pipes before pouring everything with a screed. To do this, you can use a heater with grooves, reinforcing mesh or staples. Before laying the pipeline, it is necessary to clearly define the route that the coolant will overcome to heat the floor (avoid crossing pipes). It is best to cut off the pipe only after complete installation and connection to the return and supply manifolds.

It is important that the pipeline is under pressure during filling. Until the concrete mixture has completely hardened and three weeks have passed, it is impossible to supply a coolant with a working temperature. Only then we start from 25ºС and after 4 days we finish with the design temperature.

For wooden houses

To lay the pipeline in a wooden base, it is necessary to drill holes in the wooden floor beams. In this case, the holes should be slightly larger than the diameter of the pipes so that the beam and the entire structure do not create pressure on the pipeline.

When installing beam wiring in wooden floors, it is important that the floor structure does not create pressure on the pipes, and the latter are securely fixed

In our example, the draft floor is wooden, on which the pipe system is located. Again, there should not be any connections in the thickness of the floor, because. they should be located exclusively above the level of the floor covering.

Analysis of the arguments "for" and "against"

Let's start with the cons. In addition to the material consumption, which affects the cost of the project, is the need to install a manifold cabinet, which will require additional space.

This is where the disadvantages of the beam system end, and a series of advantages begins:

simple design and installation, pipes of the same diameter are used within the system;
with hidden installation in the walls and floor there are no connections;
high installation speed due to the minimum number of connections;
expanding functionality by installing shut-off valves, sensors, air vents and thermal heads to automate the operation of the heating system;
temperature control in each individual room, using mechanical elements or automation;
the ability to cut off any radiator without stopping the heating process;
uniform heating of all rooms.

The external control panel allows you to program the heating operation, including automatic adjustment depending on the weather conditions outside. Thanks to the installed sensors, all residents can set any parameters that are comfortable for them, being in a particular room.

The beam system is financially expensive in terms of implementation, but it is ahead of all other options in terms of flexibility of settings and ensuring the efficiency of all heating

Thus, the beam wiring scheme allows you to achieve high controllability of the heating system and achieve optimal coolant flow.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

The video will help you visually understand the installation features and understand how the heating system with beam wiring works:

An energy efficient heating system is a balanced combination of all its components. The piping serves as a kind of circulatory system for heating. The beam method of pipeline installation allows you to deliver exactly as much coolant as each working device needs for its optimal operation.

First of all, you need to draw a ray diagram on paper. Here you can not do without at least the minimum skills of the designer and an understanding of the basic principles of the functioning of the heating system. In the absence of experience in design, you can order a drawing from a design organization.

Scheme of radiation distribution of heating

For those who decide to do all the work on their own, it is recommended to divide the work into several successive parts:

Analysis of the characteristics of the premises. The basic rule for laying a pipeline is the absence of a fine surface finish, since the pipes are laid in a screed.
Locating batteries. Install radiators on the walls under the windows.
Drawing up a floor plan. It indicates the initial data, namely: the places where the batteries and the boiler are installed.
The plan should also include piping locations and the location of the central distribution manifold.
Indication of safety and shutoff valves. The necessary equipment includes pressure gauges, thermometers, Mayevsky cranes, ceiling cranes, etc. The plan should list all devices and specify the order in which they should be installed. You will also need air vents - one for each circuit. Air vents have an important function - preventing the formation of air pockets.

The collector is also popularly called a "comb", because this element of the heating system looks like a hair comb. At the base of the collector, a pipe is used, to which numerous nozzles fit. In a beam-type heating system, two collectors are used. One collector is installed on the supply, and the other on the return. The circulation pump is usually installed on the inlet manifold. A multi-way valve is also installed here, which is equipped with a thermometer. Depending on the set temperature, the thermometer interacts with a valve that increases or decreases the flow of heated coolant into the common heating circuit.

After the coolant has given off heat to the heating devices, it returns to the outlet manifold through the pipeline. Accordingly, after that, the coolant rushes to the heating boiler, where it is again saturated with heat. Balancing elements are also installed on the inlet manifold. These elements regulate the amount of coolant that can pass through the collector. In general, these two collectors are responsible for the correct heating of the room and the optimal balance of heating.

Answers to frequently asked questions about the beam system

What pipe diameter to choose?

Most often, when installing a beam system, pipes of 16 diameters are enough for the eyes. In rare cases, a larger diameter is used. Now we are talking of course about the diameter of the pipes from the collector.

How to do in a two-story house?

Many are wondering how to make a beam system in a two-story house. We can make a beam system even in a skyscraper. The main thing is to use your own heating collector on each floor.

Is it possible to make a beam system in an apartment?

Yes, you can. It is unlikely that this can be done directly from the CHP. But if you have your own heating system or connect to the CHP through a heat exchanger, then everything will work.

Better two-pipe system or beam?

Grade

Advantages

Why is a radiant heating system better than a sequential one? Here is a typical list of arguments of its supporters:

Minimum temperature spread between heaters. They are powered from a common collector and are fed from one supply thread;
Ease of management. From the manifold cabinet you can change the temperature of any part of the heating system;

Collector cabinet - heating control unit throughout the house.

Independent temperature control of devices. If you cover or completely turn off any of them, it will not affect the operation of the remaining batteries in any way;
Hidden liners. Laid in a screed or gates, they will not spoil the design of the living space.

The heating pipes will be hidden by the floor laid on the logs.

disadvantages

First - a few critical comments on the properties of the collector wiring, which I mentioned among its advantages.

In a two-pipe series system, it is also possible to obtain the same temperature of the batteries. With dead-end wiring, it is achieved by balancing the system (that is, by throttling the connections of the batteries closest to the boiler), with passing wiring, the temperature on all heaters will be the same without balancing;

Tichelman's loop, or a two-pipe system with a passing movement of the coolant. The temperature of all radiators is the same without balancing.

It is most convenient to control the air temperature in the room directly from it. If you need to go through the whole house to the collector cabinet in order to reduce the heating of the battery - this, you see, does not look like an advantage at all;
Independent temperature control of radiators is possible in any two-pipe system. With single-pipe wiring, it is also achievable: it is enough to connect the batteries not to the filling gap, but in parallel to it.

Connecting a radiator parallel to filling in a one-pipe Leningrad plant. Taps on the supply line allow you to reduce the heating of the battery without affecting the operation of other heating devices.

And the disadvantages:

Expensive. The total length of the heating pipes in the case of a radial pipe layout will be several times greater than when the batteries are connected in series;
Complicated. Chasing walls or pouring a screed with collector wiring is possible only at the stage of a major overhaul of a private house or apartment. Meanwhile, it is possible to sequentially separate the batteries even after the completion of the final repair: from the dirty work, only drilling of the walls for bottling is to be done;

Heating with a serial connection of radiators can be diluted after finishing the fine finish.

unreliable. To operate the heating system, a circulation pump is needed, which makes it volatile. When the circulation stops (for example, in the event of a long power outage), the water in the pipes will freeze. It is much more difficult to warm up the eyeliners hidden in the floor or walls than openly laid bottlings.

Note that when laying pipes in a screed, they cannot be completely drained and defrosting prevented. Each eyeliner forms a bracket bent upwards, in which water will constantly stand.

The connection below the radiator connection is filled with water. It is completely impossible to drain it.

findings

In my opinion, beam wiring is justified only in one case: if you are installing water-heated floors.

Arguments? At your service:

The length of one underfloor heating circuit cannot exceed 120 meters due to the high hydraulic resistance of the pipes, so in any case there will be several parallel circuits in the house;
Parallel circuits are most conveniently connected to the terminals of the distribution manifold. Alternative mounting methods include open laying of fillings and open mounting of chokes or thermal heads, which, you know, goes against the aesthetics.

Water heated floor: collector wiring is fully justified.

A high-temperature radiator heating system is cheaper, easier and more reasonable to install in series.

Comparison with other heating wiring diagrams

Heating systems have been improved over the decades and, according to the wiring diagram, they are no longer at all like their predecessors. In modern homes, we have long since moved away from classic wood-burning stoves - a modern person needs automation and does not need extra worries with heating a house.

Single pipe system

In this type of wiring, one pipe is used, which goes in series to the heating radiators, from one to the other and returns to the heating boiler. A circulation pump can be used to move the coolant through the heating pipes.

Two-pipe system

Unlike a single-pipe system, in a two-pipe system, heating radiators are connected in parallel. A pipe with a hot coolant goes to each heating radiator and a pipe with a cooled one leaves. A circulation pump can be used to move the coolant through the heating pipes.

Installation rules

How to do beam wiring with your own hands?

Here are some basic rules.

Pipes of the minimum commercially available diameter (15 mm for corrugated stainless pipe and 16 mm for metal-plastic, polypropylene, PEX and PERT) can be used as connections;

Correspondence table for pipe diameter and heat load on the circuit section. As you can see, a diameter of 15 mm is enough for any heater.

All serviced connections must be available after installation is completed, so they are brought out of the screed or strobe;
To connect the hoses to the radiators, use Americans. Quick connectors will save you a lot of time and effort if the battery has to be removed for some reason;
Install chokes and/or ball valves on both manifolds (supply and return). Each circuit must be completely disabled independently of the others. This instruction will help you not to be left without heating in the whole house in winter due to a single battery leak;
When installing radiator heating, lay the pipes in thermal insulation (for example, in pipes made of foamed polyethylene). This way you will reduce untargeted heat losses.

The heating pipes are laid out in polyethylene foam tubes.

Automatic collector-beam system

The supply of coolant to radiators connected by beam wiring can be made automatically adjustable. In this case, a small-sized electromechanical servo drive is installed on the thermal valves of the return manifold (item 2 in the figure “Complete manifold block”) instead of a plastic cover for manual control (position 4 in the figure “Complete manifold block”), connected by a cable to an analog thermostat or controller. Radiators are connected to heating pipes without fittings at all (ball valves can be installed).

Thermal valve actuator dimensions.

Such a scheme has an increased capital cost, while providing an increased level of comfort. the air temperature desired by the user can be set from the control panel of the room thermostat, the signals of which are processed by servomotors on the thermal valves of the “return” manifold. The system can be controlled by the so-called chrono-thermostat, which provides the user with the opportunity to set a temperature control program for a week with differentiation by day of the week and time of day.

Conclusion

The heating system with collector-beam piping provides the user with the possibility of hydraulic balancing and individual adjustment of the operating modes of heating devices. Some increase in the length of the pipes with beam wiring is obviously compensated by a decrease in their diameter and ease of installation.

Design and principle of operation

One of the main elements of the collector heating system is a collector (comb, collector block), which distributes the coolant coming from the boiler over several circuits. The number of circuits corresponds to the number of taps on the manifold, how many taps on the manifold, so many radiators in the house.

The collector allows you to evenly distribute the coolant over each heating device, so that all radiators heat up to the same temperature. Uniform heating is ensured by the fact that each radiator has its own supply and return lines.

The collector design consists of several outlets and one inlet/outlet through which the coolant enters/returns from/to the heat source. Often a distribution manifold, an automatic air vent, flow meters and thermostats.

Is it worth it to do the collector wiring of heating

Let's start with the disadvantages. They must be taken into account when deciding on the choice of the type of wiring for heating pipes. The collector system is considered expensive due to the material consumption. In addition, you need to find a place to arrange cabinets, which is sometimes difficult. If the costs and the need to allocate space for collectors are not scary, then the homeowner receives the following benefits:

Stable operation of the heating system. The equipment is not exposed to water hammer, which increases the life of the radiators.
Simplified design. The system uses pipes of the same diameter, which eliminates unnecessary calculations.
Convenient repair. If damage appears in any area, this circuit is simply turned off and troubleshooting. The rest of the "rays" work in the same mode, an acceptable temperature is maintained in the house.
Concealed installation. Pipes are located in the floors, walls or ceilings, and the comb and automation are in the manifold cabinet. Heating elements do not spoil the interior.

This is what the manifold pipe looks like

Whether to opt for beam wiring or prefer the good old tee - it's up to you. Weigh the advantages and disadvantages, calculate the installation costs of different types of systems and start designing. Warmth for your home!

Structure of a radiant heating system

Any heating system has in its structure a heat source (boiler, stove, boiler), heating devices (radiators, convectors), pipes, shut-off and control valves, and in most cases a circulation pump

The beam scheme also implies the use of the above elements, as well as important equipment that distinguishes it from others - the collector.

Many of the listed structural components are standard, so it is inappropriate to dwell on their description. Below we will consider only those for which special requirements are imposed.

Heat sources

As you know, this is the main unit of any home heating system, the choice of which should be approached reasonably. The beam scheme is structurally quite complex and, accordingly, requires powerful equipment.

When choosing the power of the boiler, it must be taken into account that an extensive network of pipelines laid in radiant heating, as a rule, in the floor structure, causes somewhat large heat losses that affect the efficiency of the system as a whole.

Heating manifold

The second most important element in such a heat supply system is collector. It is a device in the form of a short pipe with numerous nozzles for connecting radiators. In the literature, you can often find another name for it - comb.

Figure 2 - Heating manifold

The dimensions of the collector can be adjusted during operation, adding new sections as new heaters are connected.

Its main function is to centrally distribute the coolant from the heat source to the heaters. It also allows you to adjust the heating intensity of each of them, as well as turn off a separate circuit for repair or scheduled replacement without affecting the operation of the system due to the installation of various types of shut-off and thermostatic valves.

Radiant heating, as a two-pipe system, involves the use of two collectors: supply and discharge, which are usually installed in pairs. And to accommodate the entire assembly, it is recommended to use a special cabinet, which will not only provide free access to the equipment, but also hide its unaesthetic appearance.

It should be noted that the use of collectors in the heating circuit makes it easily modernizable and allows it to be connected to the Smart Home system. Specially installed sensors provide the ability to automatically control the degree of heating of the coolant depending on temperature fluctuations in the premises, as well as remote control of home heating.

Circulation pump

A radiant heating system, as a rule, implies forced circulation of the coolant, therefore it necessarily requires the installation of a pump.

When choosing a model of a circulation pump, one should take into account not only its power, but also such a parameter as the speed of pumping water per unit time.

Depending on the complexity of the configuration of the circuit, as well as the length of the pipelines, two devices may be required, mounted both on the supply and on the return.

Pipes

Metal, metal-plastic and polypropylene pipes can be used to organize a radial heat supply scheme. When choosing a particular type, one should proceed not only from the cost of products, but also from the complexity of installation and repair. In this regard, the plastic version has found the greatest use.

When purchasing pipes, it must be taken into account that their diameter must correspond to the dimensions of the inlets and outlets of the boiler and collector. If necessary, the use of adapters is allowed.

Distribution header selection

It is also called a comb. It is necessary for supplying liquid to a warm floor, radiators, convectors, etc. With the help of it, an outflow is carried out along the return circuit, from where the liquid is then sent to the boiler or mixed again in the circuit for temperature adjustment. The collector copes with a maximum of twelve branches.

As a rule, combs have redundant locking-regulating and temperature-regulating elements. With the help of them, it is possible to adjust the rational flow of the heat carrier for all heating circuits. The presence of air blowers can guarantee the quality and stability of the system.

Quite a lot of time has passed since the time of the Russian stove, and although it is ideal option for radiant heating at home, but at present, its installation in a city apartment is nonsense. But technologies are developing every day, so all heating systems, including radiant ones, installed both in private houses and in apartments, for the most part, are the most modern and adapted to the needs of each person.

Heating systems, first of all, are divided according to how the pipes are connected from the collector to the radiators. These are several types of systems such as;

Single pipe;
Two-pipe;
Radiation;

The principle of radiant heating is that the wiring from the collector, the main distributor of the coolant, is meant for each radiator separately. This is the most significant plus in this system - radiators can be turned on and off, both individually and as a group.

Besides, heat supply valve can be adjusted. For example, if the kitchen does not require such an amount of thermal radiation, due to the operation of household appliances that serve as an additional source of heat, then the valve can be screwed on. This can be done so that heat enters the kitchen, but not in the same quantity as in other rooms. The same can be done with those rooms that are not used for their intended purpose, but they must be kept warm. By regulating the heat supply, increases and fuel economy, and due to this, the readings of the heat meter are also pleasing.

Features of beam wiring

All heating systems are produced with one purpose - to heat the room, that is, to restore the heat that is lacking in the house due to the temperature difference inside and outside (outside).

There are only two options for combining all heating devices:

Trinity connection.
Beam wiring of the heating system (collector connection). In this case, a separate pair of pipes is connected to each device with the help of a collector for direct and reverse supply of the heat carrier.

The first version of the pipeline system is budgetary. However, due to the special connection of pipes and connection to one riser, if it is necessary to install a battery or a separate section, the system will have to be turned off entirely and the liquid drained.

Of course, you can also buy stop valves, but the installation will cost much more.

As a rule, the classical distribution of the pipeline around the perimeter is open. Fan heating systems are mainly located in the walls or in the floor, because many pipes lying on the structure do not look very attractive in the interior.

Concealed installation looks good in any room. After all, only heating batteries remain in sight.

The collector-beam heating system is not cheap compared to the perimeter device of the system. However, the advantage of this installation is that the warm liquid will spread to all points at once and evenly heat the rooms.

Collector heating system at home

Pros and cons of a collector heating system

You need to get acquainted with all the advantages and disadvantages of this heating system in advance.

Disadvantages of fan-shaped piping:

there is only one strong argument against - the beam system has many elements in its design. including pipes. In addition, it uses a lot of connecting elements.
A large number of parts in this system can result in high repair costs. A classic heating system costs less and is cheaper to repair.

It is required to take a very responsible approach to connecting all heating devices of the fan circuit, because errors can cause frequent breakdowns of the system as a whole.

Against the background of the advantages of a radiant heating system, the disadvantages lose their weight. Indeed, in the shortest possible time, a well-mounted system will definitely pay for its installation. In addition, it has many useful features.

Advantages:

The fan system allows you to establish heating separately in each room. Thus, the heat in the premises will be distributed more efficiently, and energy carriers will be saved.
When installing a radiant heating system, you have access to pipe connections, you can identify and fix problems in time.
The pipes of a classic heating system are quite difficult to hide. With fan-shaped wiring, the pipes are hidden in the walls or in the field. If the installation is of high quality and correct, then the elements will not be visible to the eye.

A correctly designed scheme of a radiant heating system makes it possible to rationally distribute heat over all areas of the house.

for batteries up to 1.5 kW tube 16 x 2 mm;
for a radiator with a power over 1.5 kW, a pipe 20 x 2 mm.

Advice. Do not use polypropylene pipes in such networks. They do not bend and have a large linear elongation. Yes, and it is illogical to use cheap materials in an expensive system, it is better to take metal-plastic or cross-linked polyethylene.

Modern heating systems

The main design feature of the scheme, in this case, is the presence of one or more vertical type risers with branches for arranging heating for each individual room.

The piping to the radiators is carried out horizontally.

Currently, both open and hidden pipeline laying is practiced, but the second option is the most preferable:

branched dead-end heating system it is supposed to level the pipes with the minimum length and hydraulic resistance by means of mutual crossing of the pipeline, which becomes the main reason for increasing the thickness of the screed;
in perimeter wiring the heating system provides for the laying of pipelines along the walls along the perimeter of the entire room, and it is also allowed to perform hidden laying in the floor structure;
collector circuit provides for the parallel connection of all heating devices to the supply and return pipelines.

It is the latter method that is optimally suited for arranging combined type heating, that is, a combination of traditional radiator heating with a “warm floor” system.

The most budgetary and simplest option is the traditional one-pipe system, in which all heaters are sequentially filled with a heat carrier, which does not guarantee uniform heat distribution.

Varieties of connecting radiators

The main ways to connect heating system devices are several types:

Lateral (standard) connection;
Diagonal connection;
Bottom (saddle) connection.

Side connection

Lateral radiator connection.

Connection from the end of the device - supply and return are on the same side of the radiator. This is the most common and effective connection method, it allows you to remove the maximum amount of heat and use the full heat transfer of the radiator. As a rule, the supply is at the top, and the return at the bottom. When using a special headset, it is possible to connect from the bottom down, this allows you to hide the pipelines as much as possible, but reduces the heat transfer of the radiator by 20 - 30%.

Diagonal connection

Diagonal radiator connection.

Connecting diagonally to the radiator - the supply is on one side of the device from above, the return is on the other side from below. This type of connection is used in cases where the length of the sectional radiator exceeds 12 sections, and the length of the panel radiator is 1200 mm. When installing long radiators with side connection, there is an uneven heating of the radiator surface in the part most remote from the pipelines. In order for the radiator to warm up evenly, a diagonal connection is used.

Bottom connection

Bottom connection from the ends of the radiator

Connection from the bottom of the device - supply and return are located at the bottom of the radiator. Such a connection is used for the most concealed installation of pipelines. When installing a sectional heating device and connecting it in the lower way, the supply pipeline fits on one side of the radiator, and the return pipeline on the other side of the lower pipe. However, the heat transfer efficiency of radiators with this scheme is reduced by 15-20%.

Bottom radiator connection.

In the case when the bottom connection is used for a steel panel radiator, then all pipes on the radiator are located at the bottom end. At the same time, the design of the radiator itself is made in such a way that the supply flows through the manifold first to the upper part, and then the return is collected in the lower radiator manifold, thereby the heat transfer of the radiator is not reduced.

Bottom connection in a single-pipe heating circuit.

Radiant system with underfloor heating

As many may have noticed, the radiant heating system is mounted on the same principle as a water heated floor. In theory, you can connect a warm floor with radiators through one comb. This method will be especially in demand by those who want to install underfloor heating in some rooms, and radiators in the rest.

If you make a beam system along with underfloor heating, it will work. But keep in mind that underfloor heating is a low-temperature system, and radiators are high-temperature ones.

If you do not think over the temperature control, then in one case with warm floors in the room you will be hot, in the other case with radiators it will be cold. Keep this in mind.

There is another positive side property of the collector heating system. Namely, a comfortable warm floor. The fact is that when radiant heating systems are mounted, the distributor is mounted closer to the risers or the center of the room. At the same time, pipelines from the distributor to the radiator in 99 percent of cases pass along the corridors, enter the rooms through doorways.

Yes, the pipes in this case are insulated with pipe insulation in one layer. But many installers know that 6-9 mm thick insulation allows up to 30 percent of heat to pass through.

That is why, where the pipes of the radiant heating system of the house pass, the floors are not cold, but comfortably warm. One heating system we catch two birds with one stone. We get a reliable heating system without joints in building structures and comfortable underfloor heating.

Significant advantages of beam wiring

In practice, you can connect all heating devices together by the following methods:

tee connection;
radiation(manifold) connection, when a separate pair of pipes is supplied to each heater using a collector for direct and reverse supply of coolant.

Image Gallery

An indisputable argument in favor of the device of a radiant heating system is its efficiency, which is much higher than circuits with tee wiring.

The distribution of the radiant type of heating is carried out by floors. It is arranged mainly with a lower connection to devices

The construction of heating systems according to the ray principle became possible due to the development and implementation of metal-plastic and polypropylene reinforced pipes

Pipes are brought to each heating device in the form of rays emanating from the distribution comb - collector

The parallel principle of connecting devices to the pipeline provides almost equal temperature in them. The difference between the flow and return temperatures is also minimal, which significantly reduces the load on the system.

In the collector system there can be only one ring connected to the comb, or several secondary rings to which the coolant is supplied through the primary ring

For normal operation, the system is equipped with at least one circulation pump, although it is recommended to install them on each of the rings. Installed air vent, pressure gauge and pressure relief valve

A significant advantage of the beam system

Floor diagram of the device

The use of flexible polymer pipes

Radiator piping options

Technical advantages of the beam option

The principle of primary and secondary rings

Technical equipment of beam wiring

Collector in a dedicated cabinet

In order to reduce the consumption of pipes, the pipelines assembled according to the beam pattern are not laid along the perimeter, but in the shortest ways - from the collector to the device

Concealed installation allows you to significantly improve the visual appearance of any room, leaving only heating radiators visible

Circulation pump selection

Beam piping is usually used in horizontal type systems with a bottom supply of heat carrier. It requires a pump that stimulates the circulation of warm liquid through all branches.

Circulation pump equalizes the temperature readings at the inlet and outlet of the heating circuit. Thus, the quality of heating is improved. The system becomes more compact and less material intensive.

The pump is selected based on performance, as well as head height.

For the correct choice of the circulation device in connection with these characteristics, it is necessary to know the diameter of the pipes, their length and distance from the pump itself. It is necessary to calculate these indicators already at the stage of drafting the project.

How to install the pump

To achieve maximum efficiency and quality heating, the following must be taken into account:

Glandless pumps are mounted with the shaft horizontal.
The equipment is usually installed on the return line of the pipeline system, since the temperatures are lower there. Newer devices can also be installed on the supply circuit, they are not afraid of high temperatures.
Should be as close as possible to the expansion tank.
The thermostatic pump must be kept away from hot objects.
The heating circuit must be equipped with a de-airing device. In the absence of it, the circulation pump is bought with air vent.
To remove solids before installation, experts advise flushing the system.
Before starting the pump, it is worth filling the system with coolant.

In order to avoid noise, it is worth selecting circulating equipment based on the performance of the heating system.

Many are interested in the question of whether it is possible to do without a pump, sensors and air vents. The answer is yes. However, it will be necessary to organize some conditions, because the circulation of the coolant will be natural.

A small cottage or other small facility may be optimally suited for a system with natural fluid circulation. However, no matter which version of the heating system is chosen, everything should be thought out at the stage of drafting the project.

About views circulation pumps can be read in.

Beam diagram of the heating system features of the application in a two-story house

The heating scheme with a distributor (this is the radiant one) is very convenient and effectively suitable for installation in a two-story house. The thing is that this heating system of a private two-story house implies an individual supply of coolant from the distributor to various heating devices.

One- and two-pipe heating systems

Due to the design features, as well as reasonableness, the premises in the house (including those on the second floor) heat up much faster than when using the more affordable one-pipe heating system. And aesthetically, this heating scheme is very good, because the pipeline for supplying hot coolant and the return can be hidden under the floor covering.

The main (but not the only) advantage of the radiant heating scheme is the absence of multiple connections on the pipes (this also simplifies installation work). Also, such a system assumes the most uniform distribution of heat throughout the main line, without losses and other troubles.

Radiant heating systems with natural and forced circulation

As a rule, the Leningradka heating system in a two-story house is not preferable today, as it does not allow achieving maximum heating and savings.

It is being replaced by a double-circuit beam system, which can be installed both with natural and forced circulation of the coolant along the main

It should be noted that both of these methods have their own characteristics, which are important to consider before starting installation with your own hands.

Radiant heating system

Natural circulation (gravity heating system) - today it is not used as widely as it was 10-15 years ago. The decline in popularity is due to the fact that the instructions for such systems involve the use of large diameter pipes, which is not always possible.

A two-pipe heating system with natural circulation must also be equipped with an expansion tank, which acts as a compensator for the expansion of the coolant. Installation of such equipment is carried out at the highest point of the house and, at times, it is quite inconvenient.

But be that as it may, it is the natural circulation in the two-pipe heating system of a two-story house that saves money. Such a two-circuit system does not require the installation of additional equipment, in particular, expensive pumps.

Heating system with natural circulation

Tip: If the property is used, for example, as a dacha or is it some kind of long-term construction where there is no electricity, then natural circulation in the heating system will be the most appropriate solution.
Even without automation and additional pumping of the coolant, the house will always be quite warm and comfortable.

Systems with forced circulation today are very common. Even 5-10 years ago, such a heating option did not receive approval among consumers due to its high cost.
Today, when the price of automation and equipment has decreased, everyone can afford two-pipe heating systems with forced circulation.

The main advantage and feature of forced circulation is the artificial "running" of the coolant through the pipes. Such a process is carried out using special equipment - a pump - installed in the supply line or return line.

It should be noted (and this can be seen in many photos and videos on the network) that two-pipe heating systems for two-story country houses with forced circulation are not at all demanding on the geometry of the house, the length of the branches and the hydraulic resistance of pipelines. Automation also helps to maintain the optimum temperature in the premises of the house.

Forced circulation heating system

Pipe selection

Pipes should be made of sufficiently flexible material - this will help to avoid joints. The best option for a private house is cross-linked polyethylene.
Since the pipeline should not have joints (or their number should be minimized), therefore, again, polyethylene pipes, which are offered in coils, are the best choice. Joints are undesirable for the following reason: any connection is the weakest point in the system, and since the pipes are in the screed, their rupture will bring many problems.
Pipes made of cross-linked polyethylene must have an air-tight layer. If this condition is violated and oxygen molecules penetrate through polyethylene into the heat carrier, the development of corrosion on the metal elements of the system - batteries and heat exchanger - is inevitable.
If we are talking about apartment buildings, stainless steel pipes will be the best choice, as they are able to withstand the extreme loads that often occur during the operation of networks. In addition, stainless steel is resistant to corrosion.
When implementing the beam scheme, pipes of a relatively small diameter are used (compared to the inlet pipe). The diameter of the pipes, as a rule, ranges between 24 and 32 millimeters.
To ensure the protection of the pipeline from mechanical influences, it is laid in a cement screed. In this case, the screed must be done very carefully so as not to transfer the line.
It is possible to apply a decorative coating to the floor only after a check has been made for the absence of leaks in the cement screed.

Beam wiring and underfloor heating

Heat flows will be evenly distributed throughout the room, without creating a convection effect, unlike radiators. As a result, there is no circulation of dust in the air

Before embarking on the implementation of the idea of \u200b\u200binstalling water heated floors, it is important to consider the following features:

a reflective screen with a layer of thermal insulation is laid on a concrete or wooden base;
pipes are laid on top in a loop-like pattern;
before pouring concrete, a hydraulic pressure test of the system is carried out throughout the day;
the finishing layer is a screed or flooring.

The collector of each circuit must be equipped with flow meters and thermostatic valves, which allow precise control of the flow of the coolant and regulation of its temperature.

Mounting Features

Any radiant heating system for a home is developed and installed individually, depending on the area of the house, the number of rooms, the selected coolant and radiators, and other conditions.

However, there is a generally accepted instruction that every installer follows.

First of all, it should be noted that radial piping is never done in city apartments. This is due to the fact that the supply of coolant in high-rise buildings is carried out through vertical risers connecting all apartments - from the first floor to the last.

It is impossible to install a collector in the apartment, since the upper floors will remain without heating

As a result of connecting powerful collectors, hot water will not reach the rooms located above, which will disrupt the operation of the heating network. Residents will complain to the service organization, which, sooner or later, will force you to dismantle the collectors and return to the tee heating organization system.

Note!
The above does not apply to cases where an autonomous boiler is used to heat the apartment.
He independently heats up the coolant, which will be enough to meet the needs of the home without affecting the interests of neighbors. . When arranging radiant heating in a private house, it is necessary to pay attention to such nuances:

When arranging radiant heating in a private house, it is necessary to pay attention to such nuances:

On the collectors supplying and discharging water for batteries, valves must be installed to prevent the formation of air locks. During operation, all the air remaining in the system will come out through them.

Valves must be installed on the return pipelines to bleed air

The heating circuit must be equipped with an expansion tank, the volume of which is 10% of the amount of coolant circulating through the pipes. It is advisable to buy closed-type membrane containers.
It is desirable to mount the tank on the pipeline that connects the outlet manifold to the boiler. This is due to the fact that the hermetic expansion tank does not like turbulent water flows, and they rarely appear on the return line.

In the photo - a membrane-type expansion tank for a heating system

Unlike, the installation location of circulation pumps is not so important. But it is also desirable to connect them to a pipe that drains the cooled coolant. In this case, the equipment will work for a longer amount of time.
During installation, make sure that the shafts of the electric pumps are located strictly horizontally. Otherwise, due to distortions, the bearings will quickly fail, and you will have to change or repair equipment.

One-pipe scheme of heating systems

One-pipe heating system: vertical and horizontal wiring.

In a single-pipe scheme of heating systems, the hot coolant is supplied (supply) to the radiator and the cooled coolant is removed (return) through one pipe. All devices are connected in series with respect to the direction of movement of the coolant. Therefore, the temperature of the coolant at the inlet to each subsequent radiator in the riser is significantly reduced after the removal of heat from the previous radiator. Accordingly, the heat transfer of radiators decreases with distance from the first device.

Such schemes are mainly used in old central heating systems of multi-storey buildings and in autonomous systems of the gravitational type (natural circulation of the heat carrier) in private residential buildings. The main defining disadvantage of a single-pipe system is the impossibility of independently adjusting the heat transfer of each radiator individually.

To eliminate this drawback, it is possible to use a single-pipe circuit with a bypass (a jumper between the supply and return), but in this circuit, the first radiator on the branch will always be the hottest, and the last the coldest.

In multi-storey buildings, a vertical single-pipe heating system is used.

In multi-storey buildings, the use of such a scheme allows you to save on the length and cost of supply networks. As a rule, the heating system is made in the form of vertical risers passing through all floors of the building. The heat dissipation of radiators is calculated during system design and cannot be adjusted using radiator valves or other control valves. With modern requirements for comfortable indoor conditions, this scheme for connecting water heating devices does not meet the requirements of residents of apartments located on different floors, but connected to the same riser of the heating system. Heat consumers are forced to “tolerate” overheating or underheating of the air temperature during the transitional autumn and spring periods.

Single-pipe heating in a private house.

In private houses, a single-pipe scheme is used in gravitational heating networks, in which hot water is circulated due to the differential density of the heated and cooled coolants. Therefore, such systems are called natural. The main advantage of this system is energy independence. When, for example, in the absence of a circulation pump connected to the power supply networks in the system and, in the event of power outages, the heating system continues to function.

The main disadvantage of the gravitational one-pipe connection scheme is the uneven distribution of the coolant temperature over the radiators. The first radiators on the branch will be the hottest, and as you move away from the heat source, the temperature will drop. The metal consumption of gravity systems is always higher than that of forced systems due to the larger diameter of pipelines.

Video about the device of a single-pipe heating scheme in an apartment building:

Heating circulation methods

The heating system can have several types of coolant circulation. These include:

Forced circulation method;

With the natural type of circulation, the coolant is spontaneously distributed through convection to all elements of the heating system. To ensure the best circulation in a natural way, large diameter pipes are used in the heating system. The natural method of circulation of the coolant, due to its lower efficiency, has some limitations in terms of the area of the heated room. Usually this method is used in small private houses.

The forced circulation method has proven itself for a long time and very well. Today on the market you can find a huge number of circulation pumps that are very compact and very efficient. These pumps have a fairly long service life.

When installing a beam system, it is important to correctly adjust the circulation rate of the coolant. The pump can be installed both on the supply and on the return

With the help of a circulation pump, it is possible to ensure the supply of coolant to a fairly decent height. When selecting a pump, this parameter must also be taken into account.

Today, forced circulation, due to its undeniable advantages, is undoubtedly the most popular way to transfer the coolant. The advantages also include the very affordable cost of circulation pumps.

How to make fan wiring

The collector is the most important element of the system under consideration. When it is planned to organize a fan heating system in a two-story house, the collector must be installed on all floors. Collectors are hidden in a special closet. In the future, they will be easy to maintain or adjust if necessary.

The number of connections is reduced to a minimum, which has a good effect on the hydraulic stability of the entire heating system.

The boiler is the heart of the whole system. In order for the efficiency to always tend to the maximum indicator, it is necessary to take into account the power of the boiler equipment, the consumption of heat energy by heating devices and the heat losses of the system

This applies to all boilers, no matter what type of fuel they operate on.

Some of the heat can be lost with a large length of the pipeline system, which must also be remembered.

Combined heating piping layout

Often, not only one heating device is installed in the room, but several. It is irrational to bring a separate two-pipe loop-branch to each radiator with a collector-beam wiring. It is better to lay a separate branch to each room, which will bypass several heating devices indoors, implementing a dead-end or passing scheme.

Scheme of the combined wiring of the heating system.

Such a system is calculated as a beam system. Branches supplying several radiators with coolant are subject to a separate calculation as dead-end or associated. In modern systems, radiators are equipped with thermal valves (thermostats), which are adjusted by users to different temperatures, based on the current requirements for comfort in the room. The stability of the temperature regime in the room becomes difficult to maintain.

It turns out that it is possible to get rid of instability while simultaneously reducing the cost of connecting radiators by connecting them according to the so-called. "through circuit".

"Pass-through" scheme for connecting radiators.

The thermal valve is installed only on the first radiator in the circuit, regulating the coolant flow for all heaters connected in series. They are perceived as one radiator. Difficulties in balancing will arise with multi-section devices (10 or more sections each).

Elements

Main

What are the required elements of a radiant heating scheme?

Image	Heating system element
	Filling supply and return. They connect the heat source (boiler, heat pump, central heating riser, etc.) to the collectors.
	Supply and return manifolds. They connect to the spills of the eyeliner of heating devices. Each outlet of the collector is supplied with shut-off and throttling valves - a ball valve, a throttle or a thermal head. The fittings make it possible to independently switch off and adjust each individual device.
	Eyeliners. Each radiator or convector is connected to the collector by its own pair of pipes. As a rule, eyeliners are laid in a screed, under a flooring or in strobes.
	air vent(faucet Mayevsky or ordinary tap). It is placed in the top plug of each radiator. The heater is mounted above the supply line and will be air-filled when the circuit is reset.
	Circulation pump, creating a hydraulic pressure in the heating circuit and inducing the circulation of the coolant. Thin and long pipes have high hydraulic resistance and are unable to work with natural circulation. Typically, the pump is installed on the heating return, between the collector and the heat source.

Additional

A home heating system with two heating circuits with different operating temperatures (underfloor heating and radiators) additionally includes:

Hydrogun. It is a bypass pipe between supply and return, which allows you to synchronize the operation of several circuits and minimize their influence on each other;

The hydraulic arrow synchronizes several heating circuits with different operating modes.

Three-way thermostatic mixer, which limits the flow of hot water from the high-temperature circuit to the low-temperature one.

Underfloor heating mixing unit with three-way thermostatic valve (top left).

The main advantages and disadvantages of a radiant heating system

The organization of the radiant heating scheme predetermined a number of its benefits, among which should be noted:

reliable operation - the system eliminates the possibility of hydraulic shocks; there are few weak points in it, since the number of pipeline connections from the collector to the radiator is minimized, or they are completely absent;
independence from the configuration and size of the building (flexibility) - it allows for efficient heating of a house of any layout and number of storeys;
balance - all heaters heat up evenly;
the possibility of regulation, including automated, temperature in each of the premises;
ease of repair and maintenance work - the replacement of damaged areas does not require opening the floor covering; to carry out such events, the required circuit (beam) is turned off without affecting the functionality of the system;
the possibility of modifying the system at any stage of creation and operation;
aesthetic appearance - pipelines are usually laid in the floor structure, and collectors are installed in special cabinets or niches.

Despite its high efficiency, the radiant heating scheme has several shortcomings:

high material consumption and, accordingly, price - due to the significant total length of pipelines, as well as the need to purchase a large number of connecting elements, control valves, manifolds, pumps, sensors, etc.;
the need for competent and high-quality installation in order to avoid problems in the future.

Analysis of all the pros and cons of doing or not doing

When preparing an estimate and a heating layout project, you need to weigh all the pros and cons of a radiant system. Its shortcomings are heard by everyone who is at least a little interested in individual construction:

material consumption and, accordingly, higher cost compared to tee wiring;
the need to allocate space for a manifold block or a special cabinet.

Some principles of operation of this type of wiring can be peeped on the video:

And as for the pluses, everyone knows that they are, but they find it difficult to name them specifically. Most often you can hear that the beam wiring is simply better and that's it. But it gives a lot of opportunities and advantages:

ease of design and installation: pipes of the same diameter are used from the distribution manifold to radiators;
with hidden laying of pipes in the floor there are no connections;
ease of installation due to a small number of connecting elements;
hydraulic stability of the beam system. This is especially important for those who use plumbing, mostly imported, whose working pressure is three atmospheres;
the system is balanced, all rooms are heated evenly;
a damaged pipe fragment can be replaced without opening the floor;
shutdown of only one radiator with supply and return lines (the rest of the radiators are working);
the ability to adjust the temperature in each individual room mechanically or electronically;
the possibility of installing control and shutoff valves (flow and temperature sensors, air vents, stopcocks and thermal heads).

Read about ways to adjust the temperature in heating systems in our next material: https://aqua-rmnt.com/otoplenie/radiatory/regulirovka-temperatury.html.

The beam system is effective not only due to its flexibility, but also due to the possibility of installing modern automation. With the help of the external control panel and the communication contact, the temperature can be changed automatically according to the weather conditions. And the sensors in the rooms allow you to set individual parameters that are convenient for residents.

What's the bottom line

An insignificant minus of the beam system can be attributed to the fact that space is required to install the collector. And in fact, it is not always present. Plus, it is desirable to put the collector in the middle of the house.

If we consider these two systems in terms of efficiency, economy, then they have absolute parity. Both systems do their job remarkably well.

Just if your budget is limited, then you should look towards the two-pipe system. You can also use polypropylene if you wish. The beam system will add to you some conveniences and peace of mind, that under the screed, in which case, nothing will leak.

It is important to understand the main thing. In both cases, your choice will be absolutely correct! .

The variety of schemes for heating buildings that exists today makes it easy to choose the best option for heat supply. However, not all of them can be sufficiently effective in the case of providing heat to houses with a complex configuration or multi-room layout. And in difficult projects, the modern radiant heating system has proven itself well, while not very popular, but gradually gaining recognition from both specialists and property owners.

Unlike others, such a scheme provides for individual heating of each of the installed heating devices, i.e. both supply and removal of the coolant are carried out in parallel through pipes separately connected to the radiator. Externally, the configuration of this system resembles rays diverging in different directions from a heat source, which gave it its name.

Radiant heating can be organized with one or two pipes. The second option finds the greatest application, which is distinguished by higher heat transfer rates, and, consequently, greater efficiency.

Figure 1 - General scheme of a radiant heating system

Structure of a radiant heating system

Any heating system has in its structure a heat source (boiler, stove, boiler), heating devices (radiators, convectors), pipes, shut-off and control valves, and in most cases a circulation pump. The beam scheme also implies the use of the above elements, as well as important equipment that distinguishes it from others - the collector.

Many of the listed structural components are standard, so it is inappropriate to dwell on their description. Below we will consider only those for which special requirements are imposed.

Heat sources

When choosing the power of the boiler, it must be taken into account that an extensive network of pipelines laid in radiant heating, as a rule, in the floor structure, causes somewhat large heat losses that affect the efficiency of the system as a whole.

Heating manifold

Figure 2 - Heating manifold

The dimensions of the collector can be adjusted during operation, adding new sections as new heaters are connected.

It should be noted that the use of collectors in the heating circuit makes it easily modernizable and allows it to be connected to the Smart Home system. Specially installed sensors provide the ability to automatically control the degree of heating of the coolant depending on temperature fluctuations in the premises, as well as remote control of home heating.

Circulation pump

A radiant heating system, as a rule, implies forced circulation of the coolant, therefore it necessarily requires the installation of a pump.

When choosing a model of a circulation pump, one should take into account not only its power, but also such a parameter as the speed of pumping water per unit time.

Depending on the complexity of the configuration of the circuit, as well as the length of the pipelines, two devices may be required, mounted both on the supply and on the return.

Pipes

When purchasing pipes, it must be taken into account that their diameter must correspond to the dimensions of the inlets and outlets of the boiler and collector. If necessary, the use of adapters is allowed.

The main advantages and disadvantages of a radiant heating system

The organization of the radiant heating scheme predetermined a number of its benefits, among which should be noted:

reliable operation - the system eliminates the possibility of hydraulic shocks; there are few weak points in it, since the number of pipeline connections from the collector to the radiator is minimized, or they are completely absent;
independence from the configuration and size of the building (flexibility) - it allows for efficient heating of a house of any layout and number of storeys;
balance - all heaters heat up evenly;
the possibility of regulation, including automated, temperature in each of the premises;
ease of repair and maintenance work - the replacement of damaged areas does not require opening the floor covering; to carry out such events, the required circuit (beam) is turned off without affecting the functionality of the system;
the possibility of modifying the system at any stage of creation and operation;
aesthetic appearance - pipelines are usually laid in the floor structure, and collectors are installed in special cabinets or niches.

Despite its high efficiency, the radiant heating scheme has several shortcomings:

high material consumption and, accordingly, price - due to the significant total length of pipelines, as well as the need to purchase a large number of connecting elements, control valves, manifolds, pumps, sensors, etc.;
the need for competent and high-quality installation in order to avoid problems in the future.

Existing schemes and nuances of mounting the beam system

The classic version of such heat supply provides for the installation of heating collectors on each of the floors or parts (with a complex configuration) of the building.

In this case, the collectors are mounted on the walls (in existing or previously provided niches) or placed in special cabinets, and the piping system is laid along the subfloor, as a rule, before the screed is made.

Figure 3 - Scheme of installation of a radiant heating system

If the collector is located above the radiators, air will accumulate in it over time. To eliminate this, the mandatory installation of automatic air vents is required.

There is also an option in which the heaters are placed at a higher level, i.e. the comb is mounted on the basement or basement. In this case, the pipelines are laid along the walls, which are subsequently sheathed with structures of various types (plasterboard sheets, PVC panels, etc.) to give them an aesthetic appearance.

Figure 4 - Radiant heating with the lower location of the collector

In two-story, small-sized houses, one can sometimes find a scheme using one collector unit, which provides heating for both levels. In this case, it is required to purchase a sufficiently powerful pump capable of pumping the coolant to all floors. But since the cost of the corresponding equipment is quite high, this option is practically not used.

Figure 5 - Scheme of radiant heating of a two-story house with one collector node

System.

Another striking advantage of the scheme is the use of pipes of small diameters. An apartment (floor of a private house) will be required to use pipes d = 25 and d = 32 mm for the perimeter wiring diagram. Based on this, the thickness of the screed, the diameter of the tees, which connect the heating devices, become larger. The cost of such an element is commensurate with the cost of the pipe.

When collecting

scheme.

flexible;
elastic;
heat resistant.

Manifold boxes and blocks

plastic;
nickel-plated brass;
copper;
stainless steel.

The supply to heating devices connected via the collector wiring can be created automatically regulated. In this case, a small electromechanical servo drive is placed on the return manifold thermal valves (position 2 in the figure "Complete manifold block") instead of the plastic cover for manual control (position 4 in the figure "Complete manifold block"), connected by a cable to an analog thermostat or controller. Heating appliances are connected to heating pipes without fittings at all (valves with a spherical locking element can be supplied).

Conclusion

Related publications:

Methods for filling closed-type heating systems. Standard errors allowed during this operation. Councils for the choice of size.

Heating system Leningradka with forced circulation: important points. "Binding" of a heater with one-pipe heating, specifics.

Many owners of real estate are thinking about how to implement an alternative heat supply for a private house. Housing heating systems, plus to this.

Beam distribution system of heat supply

Collector distribution of heat supply

Excellent conditions in a house or in a summer cottage are determined not only by the presence of a boiler. All heating elements acquire significance. People are increasingly refusing the tee system, because it is very slow and uncomfortable. With its help, you can not change the temperature and make repairs without creating inconvenience. Collector wiring of heat supply, on the contrary, is gaining very great popularity. Previously, it provided excessive costs, and because of this, few people were willing to buy it.

Differences between and tee systems.

Radial type heat supply wiring has the ability to connect heating devices to the distribution system. Pipes run from each point to the battery. There are two of them: the one that supplies the heat carrier and removes it. The heater itself is a large technical device, in fact, due to this, it is mainly stored in a specialized building.

A typical tee system takes into account a small number of pipes, but without paying attention to this, there will be many more connections. This will complicate the installation, and the possibility of the unit failing has many chances.

When the collector is divorced, the number of pipes becomes larger, but all joints are easily accessible, which means that removing the problem takes a small amount of time. Each individual branch of the heating system can be simply turned off and this will not disturb the heating of other rooms. The distribution of heat supply of the beam type, supplied in a pair of storey building, as a rule, has forced and gravitational circulation.

A key plus of a radiant heating system is the availability of its installation under pipes. With a tee system, it is considered impossible to fit pipes in an inaccessible place, because if repairs are necessary, walls and floors will have to be destroyed.

Domestic collector wiring - circuit function

An alternative heating system that has the function of forced circulation.

About 10 years ago, a very small number of people could afford this device. In our time, the cost of technical devices has decreased significantly, and this has made heating systems of this type publicly available.

The key advantage of forced circulation is the unnatural circulation of the coolant through the batteries. The water lock can be installed both on the output and on the receiving paths. The radiant heating system does not require a special construction of housing rooms.

The real circulation of the coolant in the heating system provides for the operation of large-section pipes and the installation of a specialized tank. Very often this is considered inconvenient, because the coolant compensation part should be installed at a higher point in the room.

The distribution of heat supply of the beam type with a real circulation of the coolant makes it possible to save on additional elements. Parts that have a very high price are not needed for the real functioning of such a heating system.

If the room works as a building in the country, then the real circulation would be the best choice. Even without additional devices, the house will be heated very efficiently.

Radial type heat supply wiring in a private house - its advantages and disadvantages

Pros and cons of the heating system.

When creating a project for diluting batteries of a heating system, it is necessary to consider all the pros and cons of this type of heat supply to a room. Radial type heat supply wiring has disadvantages, anyone who is at least a little bit competent in this field knows them, but few people are familiar with its good qualities. The disadvantages include: a high cost of materials for construction and, of course, much higher costs than with the construction of a tee dilution of pipes; the need to allocate space of a significant area for a specialized tank or block for it.

Also, collector wiring also has advantages, everyone knows that they undoubtedly exist, but there are problems with their clear definition. Very often you can hear that the radiant heating system is simply better, and that's the point. Although she, for her part, provides a large number of destinations and good sides.

They consist in the elementary creation of a project for a heat supply device; very often you can use pipes of the same section, which is very comfortable; the banality of mounting, due to the insufficient number of joints between the pipes; the possibility of the same circulation of the coolant.

This is very important for people who use plumbing equipment, mainly brought from other countries, which basically has three atmospheric pressures. The radiant heating system is very rational and the heating of the dwelling is carried out in exactly the same way.

The broken part of the pipe can be simply replaced with a new one, without resorting to dismantling the floor; the ability to turn off one of the batteries, while the others will fully work; devices for adjusting the temperature level in any of the rooms, such regulators are mechanical and automated.

This heating system is good because of its own flexibility, as well as the general availability of mounting an automated control system.

Radiant heating system in a house with several apartments

Perimeter or collector wiring of the heating system: what to choose?

Being a variation of the methods of laying heating pipes for two-pipe horizontal systems of modern private and apartment buildings, the collector wiring of the heating system has a number of undeniable positive qualities. Each circuit of the system with a similar pipe layout is separately connected to the heating manifold, which makes it possible to set a personal operating mode for it that meets the condition of comfort for a person in a certain area of the room.

Heating pipes laid in the thickness of a concrete screed or under a wooden floor on wooden blocks must be reliable, excluding (or minimizing) the likelihood of leaks, deterioration in throughput and other breakdowns.

Wiring diagrams of modern horizontal heating systems

Modern apartment buildings for housing and private country houses of any number of storeys are very often equipped with horizontal heating systems. An obligatory element of such a scheme is one or more (in a house with several apartments - in each entrance) vertical two-pipe risers, which have branches / inputs to separate rooms / apartments on each floor. The subsequent laying of pipelines is carried out in a "horizontal" way.

Making such systems, workers invariably encounter the difficulty of laying heating pipes to heating appliances. Highways from pipes of vertical systems, laid along the walls from top to bottom, did not interfere with the residents. Horizontal pipes laid openly under the walls become an argument that interferes with the natural process of exploiting the premises, they do not fit well into their interiors. Due to this, different methods of horizontal hidden laying are used.

Branched dead-end wiring diagram with pipes in the screed

Piping layout with a branched dead-end scheme.

Very small pipe lengths and hydraulic resistance of the circuit are leveled by mutual crossing of pipelines, leading to an increase in the thickness of the screed (each centimeter of it costs from 40 rubles / m2).

Perimeter wiring heating systems

Dead-end scheme with pipelines in the screed or under the plinth.

Piping layout for a two-pipe dead-end system.

The absence of crossing pipes in the scheme is leveled by the need to make holes in the walls (in the above scheme, five holes must be drilled).

Piping layout according to the scheme with the associated movement of water (Tichelman's scheme).

Piping layout according to the Tichelman scheme.

Here the first heater of the heating circuit has the shortest length of the "supply" and the largest length of the "return", the final heater - vice versa. The hydraulic resistance experienced by the heat carrier when flowing around the devices of the circuit is constant, which makes it possible to balance any number of heating devices in the branch.

Collector-beam wiring heating systems

Piping layout for a collector system.

The popularity of this scheme is constantly growing. The pipes here are laid in a floor screed in pairs (“supply” plus “return”), approaching each heater from the collectors (based on this “supply” and “reverse”). The advantage of the scheme is ease of installation (no crossing of pipes and wall holes). Minus - very high costs due to excessive consumption of pipes and additional costs for collectors.

The use of collector wiring, which increases the length of the pipes, gives the ultimate benefit due to the reduction in their diameter.

General requirements for the process of installing collector wiring

With collector wiring, the method of laying pipes in the floor in a screed is common, its thickness is 50-80 mm. Plywood is laid on top, covered with a final floor covering (parquet, linoleum). This thickness of the screed is quite sufficient for the free "embedding" of the intra-apartment (intra-house) collector wiring of the heating system. It is possible to lay pipes externally under the walls under decorative plinths, which inevitably increases the length of the pipelines. Known options for laying pipes for collector wiring in the space of a false (suspended) ceiling, in strobes.

Connecting heating devices with a collector circuit.

Metal-plastic or PEX pipes (Pipes made of cross-linked polyethylene) are used, laid in a corrugated pipe or in thermal insulation. Pipes made of cross-linked polyethylene have an absolute advantage here. According to SNiP, only inextricable joints can be “embedded” in concrete. XLPE pipes are connected using tension connectors, which are inseparable connections. Pipes made of metal-plastic use connectors for crimping with union nuts. To “monolichize” them means to violate the SNiP. Each wedge pipe connection must be accessible for physical and technical maintenance (tightening).

Even without connectors, not every metal-plastic pipe is definitely suitable for laying in a floor screed. Manufacturers' products suffer from a serious defect: layers of aluminum and polymeric ethylene delaminate under the influence of repeatedly changing temperatures. After all, metal and plastic have different coefficients of volumetric increase. Due to this, the adhesive composition that unites them should be:

internally strong (cohesive);
adhesive to aluminum and polymeric ethylene;
flexible;
elastic;
heat resistant.

Not all adhesive compositions of even popular manufacturers from Europe of pipes made of metal-plastic meet such requirements, which delaminate for some time, the layer inside the polyethylene in this pipe “collapses”, reducing its cross section. The normal operation of the system is disrupted, and it is usually impossible to find the place of the breakdown - in most cases, they “sin” for breakdowns of thermostats, pumps and other products with moving parts.

In the light of the foregoing, we advise readers to pay their own attention to metal-plastic pipes from VALTEC, which uses the American DSM adhesive, which ensures a reliable metal / plastic connection, adhesion and the complete absence of delaminations.

Manifold boxes and blocks

In an apartment with a horizontal collector distribution of heat supply (on the floors of privatized houses), distribution-type collectors (supply and "return") are organized, collecting all the supply and return lines from pipes at their own outlets. They are placed in iron cabinets of a specialized design, very often built into the partitions of bathrooms and opening inside them. It is also possible to install distribution manifolds in intentionally arranged wall niches. Often, the collector node is connected to the heat metering station in one collector cabinet.

Box for collectors with heat energy metering unit.

Collectors can be complete, they are sections of thick pipes with outgoing pipes, or they can be assembled on tees. The material for these devices will be:

plastic;
nickel-plated brass;
copper;
stainless steel.

Most well-known manufacturers of heating equipment (VALTEC, etc.) produce ready-made manifold blocks that combine the supply and return manifolds, manual adjustment valves (on the supply manifold), thermostats (on the return manifold), Mayevsky automated taps, drainage valves and mounting holders .

Complete manifold block.

The task of personal adjustment of the thermal regime of each single-radiator branch of the collector-heating systems is solved by control valves with installed flow meters. The branches are obtained in various lengths, and the heat carrier tends to flow in the shortest way with very little hydraulic resistance. It flows around short branches more intensively, warming up the heaters installed there more strongly.

Adjustment valves on the supply manifold change the consumption of water (antifreeze), narrowing their conditional passages in short circuits, and expanding in long ones. Adjustment is a laborious process, and the adjustment valve is not intended to quickly close or open the flow along the circuits. Thermostats perform a similar function.

Thermal valves on the manifold - "return" - are valves that slowly shut off the flow manually or automatically. The radiant heating system is easily hydraulically balanced.

Combined wiring diagram for heat supply pipelines

Often, more than one device for space heating is installed in the room, but several. It is not advisable to bring a separate two-pipe loop-branch to each heater when collecting wiring. It is better to carry out a separate branch to any room, which in the middle of the room will bypass several radiators, performing a dead-end or passing scheme.

Scheme of combined wiring of heating systems.

A system of this kind is calculated as a beam system. Branches supplying several heaters with a heat carrier are subject to separate calculation as dead ends or passing ones. In modern systems, heating devices are equipped with thermal valves (thermostats), which are adjusted by customers to different temperatures, based on the current requirements for the comfort of being in the room. The stability of the temperature regime in the room becomes very problematic to maintain.

It turns out that you can get rid of instability, at the same time reducing the cost of connecting heating devices, combining them according to the so-called. "through circuit".

"Pass-through" scheme for connecting heating devices.

The thermal valve is placed exclusively on the first heater in the circuit, regulating the flow rate for all gradually turned on devices for space heating. They are perceived as one heating device. Balancing difficulties will appear with multi-section devices (10 or more sections each).

Automatic collector-beam system

The supply to heating devices connected via the collector wiring can be created automatically regulated. In this case, a small electromechanical servo drive is placed on the return manifold thermal valves (position 2 in the figure “Complete manifold block”) instead of the plastic cover for manual control (position 4 in the figure “Complete manifold block”), connected by a cable to an analog thermostat or controller. Heating appliances are connected to heating pipes without fittings at all (valves with a spherical locking element can be supplied).

Thermal valve actuator dimensions.

A similar scheme has a very high capital cost while providing a high level of comfort. The ambient temperature desired by the client can be set from the control panel of the room thermostatic valve, the signals of which are processed by servomotors on the thermal valves of the “return” collector. The system can be controlled by the so-called chronothermostat, which provides the client with the opportunity to set a temperature control program for 7 days with differentiation by day of the week and time of day.

Conclusion

The heating system with a collector-pipe distribution provides the client with the possibility of hydraulic balancing and personal adjustment of the operating modes of the radiators. A certain increase in the length of pipes with collector wiring is compensated in advance by a decrease in their diameter and ease of installation.

Collector heating system of a private house - pros and cons

Radiant heating system

Radiant heating: a simple scheme of actions
Installation like aerobatics
You can hardly do without a circulation pump

Heating systems ask for tasks, especially when it is necessary to include both the personal tastes of the owners and the originality of the building that needs heating. Those who live in apartment buildings are familiar with the pattern: the higher the floor, the less heat will be, which means that the degree of convenience will decrease, and the health of the families living there will become worse. The reason is the methodical reconnection of heat exchangers to one, passing and connecting together riser. The consumption of purchased pipes allows you to save on them, but it is unrealistic to achieve a homogeneous temperature in any apartment. The temperature will also be different in the rooms, the details of the room for housing.

Time shows that the radiant heating system is the most optimal for balanced temperature control. To define it, use a synonym for collector. This system of modern heat supply has proven itself with its own operating parameters and safe parameters for residents.

Radiant heating system - the best solution

Scheme of heating systems.

Anyone who owns his own house naturally wants to organize a good system of excellent heat supply with his own hands. He must know for sure: a wonderful heating system has not yet been invented, which is why it is necessary to select what is the most functional and has received positive approval. The heating system, nicknamed, can be given your own preference. Its romantic-geometric name is absolutely explained: every heating device gets its own beam as a pipeline.

If the owner owns a comfortable, not very large and heavy house, which consists of 2 floors, then the heating system construction scheme using collectors provides for the presence of its own collector on each floor. They are connected together in a parallel way, then they put the boiler, then the expansion tank. This heating system is sometimes referred to as a two-pipe. And it is right. A pair of pipelines runs through all the rooms that need to be heated. One line of pipes is formed for the direct movement of fluid -, the other is responsible for the way back.