For normal atmospheric pressure, it is customary to take the air pressure at sea level at a latitude of 45 degrees at a temperature of 0 ° C. Under these ideal conditions, a column of air presses on each area with the same force as a column of mercury 760 mm high. This figure is an indicator of normal atmospheric pressure.
Atmospheric pressure depends on the height of the area above sea level. On a hill, the indicators may differ from ideal, but at the same time they will also be considered the norm.
Atmospheric pressure standards in different regions
As altitude increases, atmospheric pressure decreases. So, at an altitude of five kilometers, the pressure indicators will be approximately two times less than at the bottom.Due to the location of Moscow on a hill, the pressure here is considered to be 747-748 mm of column. In St. Petersburg, normal pressure is 753-755 mmHg. This difference is explained by the fact that the city on the Neva is located lower than Moscow. In some areas of St. Petersburg, you can meet the ideal pressure rate of 760 mm Hg. For Vladivostok, the normal pressure is 761 mmHg. And in the mountains of Tibet - 413 mm of mercury.
The effect of atmospheric pressure on people
A person gets used to everything. Even if the normal pressure is low compared to the ideal 760 mmHg, but is the norm for the area, people will.A person's well-being is affected by a sharp fluctuation in atmospheric pressure, i.e. decrease or increase in pressure by at least 1 mmHg for three hours
With a decrease in pressure, there is a lack of oxygen in the human blood, hypoxia of the cells of the body develops, and the heartbeat quickens. Headaches appear. There are difficulties in the respiratory system. Due to poor blood supply, a person may be disturbed by pain in the joints, numbness of the fingers.
An increase in pressure leads to an excess of oxygen in the blood and tissues of the body. The tone of blood vessels increases, which leads to their spasms. As a result, the blood circulation of the body is disturbed. There may be visual disturbances in the form of the appearance of "flies" before the eyes, dizziness, nausea. A sharp increase in pressure to large values \u200b\u200bcan lead to rupture of the ear tympanic membrane.
Pascal (Pa, Pa)
Bar (bar, bar) is approximately equal to one atmosphere.
One bar is equal to 105 N/m² or 106 dynes/cm² or 0.986923 atm.
Also used millibar
PSI (lb.p.sq.in.)
millimeter of water column inch of mercury (inHg)
micron (micron,μ )
| Pascal | Bar | technical atmosphere | physical atmosphere | millimeter of mercury | Pound-force per square inch | Micron | inch of mercury | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Pa, Pa) | (bar, bar) | (at, at) | (atm, atm) | (mmHg, torr, torr) | (psi) | (μκ, micron) | ("Hg, inHg) | |
| 1 Pa | 1 N m2 | 10-5 | 10.197 10-6 | 9.8692 10-6 | 7.5006 10-6 | 145.04 10-6 | 7,5 | 29.53 10-5 |
| 1 bar | 105 | 1 106 dynes/cm2 | 1,0197 | 0,98692 | 750,06 | 14,504 | 7.5 105 | 2,953 |
| 1 at | 98066,5 | 0,980665 | 1 kgf/cm2 | 0,96784 | 735,56 | 14,223 | 7.356 105 | 28,96 |
| 1 atm | 101325 | 1,01325 | 1,033 | 1 atm | 760 | 14,696 | 7.6 105 | 29,9222 |
| 1 mmHg | 133,322 | 1.3332 10-3 | 1.3595 10-3 | 1.3158 10-3 | 1 mmHg | 19.337 10-3 | 1000 | 39.37 10-3 |
| 1psi | 6894,76 | 68.948 10-3 | 70.307 10-3 | 68.046 10-3 | 51,715 | 1lbf/in2 | 5.171 104 | 0,2036 |
| 1 micron | 0,1333 | 1.333 10-6 | 1.3595 10-6 | 1.3158 10-6 | 10-3 | 19.337 10-6 | 1 μκ | 39.37 10-6 |
| 1"Hg | 3.386 103 | 0,33864 | 34.531 10-3 | 33.42 10-3 | 25,4 | 4,9116 | 25.4 103 | 1 inHg |
Alexey Matveev,
You will need
- - calculator;
- - a computer;
- - the Internet.
Instruction
- When converting pressure to pascals, keep in mind that when measuring blood pressure, in meteorological reports, as well as among vacuum engineers, the name “mm Hg” is often abbreviated. Art. " to "mm" (sometimes millimeters are omitted). Therefore, if the pressure is given in millimeters or just a number, then most likely it is mm Hg. Art. (please specify if possible). When measuring very low pressures, instead of mm Hg. Art. "vacuum workers" use the unit "micron of mercury", which is usually referred to as "μm". Accordingly, if the pressure is indicated in microns, then simply divide this number by a thousand and get the pressure in mmHg. Art.
- When measuring high pressures, the unit often used is "atmosphere", which corresponds to normal atmospheric pressure.
millimeter of mercury
One atmosphere (atm, atm) is equal to 760 mm Hg. Art. That is, to obtain pressure in mm Hg. Art. multiply the number of atmospheres by 760. If the pressure is indicated in "technical atmospheres", then to convert the pressure to mm Hg. Art. multiply this number by 735.56.
- Example.
505400 Pa (or 505.4 kPa).
CompleteRepair.Ru
When installing the air conditioner, it is necessary to measure the pressure in the system. Pressure gauges use different pressure units, which, in turn, may differ from those indicated in the technical specifications of the air conditioner itself. How to avoid confusion in this diversity?
To help beginner installers, below is a brief description of the various pressure units.
Pascal (Pa, Pa)- is equal to the pressure of a force of one newton per square meter.
Bar (bar, bar)
Also used millibar(mbar, mbar), 1 mbar = 0.001 bar.
Technical atmosphere (at, at)- equal to a pressure of 1 kgf per 1 cm².
Atmosphere standard, physical (atm, atm)- equal to 101,325 Pa and 760 millimeters of mercury.
PSI (lb.p.sq.in.)- pound-force per square inch (English pound-force per square inch, lbf / in²) is equal to 6,894.75729 Pa.
Millimeter of mercury (mm Hg, mm Hg, Torr, Torr)- equal to 133.3223684 Pa. Also used millimeter of water column(1 mm Hg = 13.5951 mm water column) and inch of mercury (inHg).
millimeter of mercury to pascal
1 inHg = 3.386389 kPa at 0°C.
micron (micron,μ ) - equal to 0.001 mm Hg. Art. (0.001 Torr).
Pressure units conversion table:
| Pascal | Bar | technical atmosphere | physical atmosphere | millimeter of mercury | Pound-force per square inch | Micron | inch of mercury | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Pa, Pa) | (bar, bar) | (at, at) | (atm, atm) | (mmHg, torr, torr) | (psi) | (μκ, micron) | ("Hg, inHg) | |
| 1 Pa | 1 N m2 | 10-5 | 10.197 10-6 | 9.8692 10-6 | 7.5006 10-6 | 145.04 10-6 | 7,5 | 29.53 10-5 |
| 1 bar | 105 | 1 106 dynes/cm2 | 1,0197 | 0,98692 | 750,06 | 14,504 | 7.5 105 | 2,953 |
| 1 at | 98066,5 | 0,980665 | 1 kgf/cm2 | 0,96784 | 735,56 | 14,223 | 7.356 105 | 28,96 |
| 1 atm | 101325 | 1,01325 | 1,033 | 1 atm | 760 | 14,696 | 7.6 105 | 29,9222 |
| 1 mmHg | 133,322 | 1.3332 10-3 | 1.3595 10-3 | 1.3158 10-3 | 1 mmHg | 19.337 10-3 | 1000 | 39.37 10-3 |
| 1psi | 6894,76 | 68.948 10-3 | 70.307 10-3 | 68.046 10-3 | 51,715 | 1lbf/in2 | 5.171 104 | 0,2036 |
| 1 micron | 0,1333 | 1.333 10-6 | 1.3595 10-6 | 1.3158 10-6 | 10-3 | 19.337 10-6 | 1 μκ | 39.37 10-6 |
| 1"Hg | 3.386 103 | 0,33864 | 34.531 10-3 | 33.42 10-3 | 25,4 | 4,9116 | 25.4 103 | 1 inHg |
Alexey Matveev,
technical specialist of the Raskhodka company
In order to find out how many atmospheres are in a millimeter of mercury, you need to use a simple online calculator. Enter in the left field the number of millimeters of mercury you are interested in that you want to convert. In the field on the right you will see the result of the calculation. If you need to convert millimeters of mercury or atmosphere to other units, just click on the appropriate link.
What is "millimeter of mercury"
The non-systemic unit millimeter of mercury (mm Hg; mm Hg), sometimes called "torr", is equal to 101 325 / 760 ≈ 133.322 368 4 Pa. Atmospheric pressure was measured with a barometer with a column of mercury, hence the name of this unit of measurement. At sea level, atmospheric pressure is approximately 760 mm Hg. Art. or 101 325 Pa, hence the value - 101 325/760 Pa. This unit is traditionally used in vacuum technology, in measuring blood pressure and in weather reports. In some instruments, measurements are made in millimeters of water column (1 mmHg = 13.5951 mmHg), and in the USA and Canada there is also an “inch of mercury” (inHg) = 3.386389 kPa at 0 ° C.
What is "atmosphere"
A non-systemic unit of pressure that approximates atmospheric pressure at world sea level. Equally, there are two units - the technical atmosphere (at, at) and the normal, standard or physical atmosphere (atm, atm). One technical atmosphere is a uniform perpendicular pressure of a force of 1 kgf on a flat surface with an area of 1 cm². 1 at = 98,066.5 Pa.
Pressure Calculator
The standard atmosphere is the pressure of a 760 mm high mercury column at a mercury density of 13,595.04 kg/m³ and zero temperature. 1 atm = 101 325 Pa = 1.033233 at. In the Russian Federation, only the technical atmosphere is used.
In the past, the terms "ata" and "ati" were used for absolute and gauge pressure. Gauge pressure is the difference between absolute and atmospheric pressure when absolute is greater than atmospheric pressure. The difference between atmospheric and absolute pressure, when the absolute pressure is lower than atmospheric pressure, is called rarefaction (vacuum).
Millimeters of mercury and pascals are used to measure pressure. Although the pascal is the official system unit, non-systemic millimeters of mercury are in no way inferior to them in their prevalence. "Millimeters" even have their own name - "torr" (torr), given in honor of the famous scientist Torricelli. Between the two units there is an exact relationship: 1 mm Hg. Art. \u003d 101325 / 760 Pa, which is the definition of the unit “mm Hg. Art.
You will need
- - calculator;
- - a computer;
- - the Internet.
Instruction
- To convert the pressure given in millimeters of mercury to pascals, multiply the number of mmHg. Art. by the number 101325, and then divide by 760. That is, use the simple formula: Kp \u003d Km * 101325 / 760, where:
Km - pressure in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg, mm Hg, torr., torr)
Kp - pressure in pascals (Pa, Ra). - Using the formula above gives the closest match between the two measurement systems. For practical calculations, use a simpler formula: Kp \u003d Km * 133.322 or simply Kp \u003d Km * 133.
- When converting pressure to pascals, keep in mind that when measuring blood pressure, in meteorological reports, as well as among vacuum engineers, the name “mm Hg” is often abbreviated. Art. " to "mm" (sometimes millimeters are omitted). Therefore, if the pressure is given in millimeters or just a number, then most likely it is mm Hg. Art. (please specify if possible).
How to convert Pa to mm. rt. Art.?
When measuring very low pressures, instead of mm Hg. Art. "vacuum workers" use the unit "micron of mercury", which is usually referred to as "μm". Accordingly, if the pressure is indicated in microns, then simply divide this number by a thousand and get the pressure in mmHg. Art.
- When measuring high pressures, the unit often used is "atmosphere", which corresponds to normal atmospheric pressure. One atmosphere (atm, atm) is equal to 760 mm Hg. Art. That is, to obtain pressure in mm Hg. Art. multiply the number of atmospheres by 760. If the pressure is indicated in "technical atmospheres", then to convert the pressure to mm Hg. Art. multiply this number by 735.56.
- Example.
The pressure in a car tire is 5 atmospheres. What will this pressure be equal to, expressed in Pascals? Solution.
Convert pressure from atmospheres to mm Hg. st.: 5 * 760 = 3800.
Convert pressure from mmHg. Art. in pascals: 3800 * 133 = 505400. Answer.
505400 Pa (or 505.4 kPa). - If you have a computer or mobile phone with Internet access, then just find any online service for converting physical units of measurement. To do this, type in a search engine a phrase like “translate from mmHg to Pascals” and follow the instructions on the service website.
CompleteRepair.Ru
Convert pascals to millimeters of mercury
When installing the air conditioner, it is necessary to measure the pressure in the system. Pressure gauges use different pressure units, which, in turn, may differ from those indicated in the technical specifications of the air conditioner itself. How to avoid confusion in this diversity?
To help beginner installers, below is a brief description of the various pressure units.
Pascal (Pa, Pa)- is equal to the pressure of a force of one newton per square meter.
Bar (bar, bar) is approximately equal to one atmosphere. One bar is equal to 105 N/m² or 106 dynes/cm² or 0.986923 atm.
Also used millibar(mbar, mbar), 1 mbar = 0.001 bar.
Technical atmosphere (at, at)- equal to a pressure of 1 kgf per 1 cm².
Atmosphere standard, physical (atm, atm)- equal to 101,325 Pa and 760 millimeters of mercury.
PSI (lb.p.sq.in.)- pound-force per square inch (English pound-force per square inch, lbf / in²) is equal to 6,894.75729 Pa.
Millimeter of mercury (mm Hg, mm Hg, Torr, Torr)- equal to 133.3223684 Pa. Also used millimeter of water column(1 mm Hg = 13.5951 mm water column) and inch of mercury (inHg). 1 inHg = 3.386389 kPa at 0°C.
micron (micron,μ ) - equal to 0.001 mm Hg. Art. (0.001 Torr).
Pressure units conversion table:
| Pascal | Bar | technical atmosphere | physical atmosphere | millimeter of mercury | Pound-force per square inch | Micron | inch of mercury | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Pa, Pa) | (bar, bar) | (at, at) | (atm, atm) | (mmHg, torr, torr) | (psi) | (μκ, micron) | ("Hg, inHg) | |
| 1 Pa | 1 N m2 | 10-5 | 10.197 10-6 | 9.8692 10-6 | 7.5006 10-6 | 145.04 10-6 | 7,5 | 29.53 10-5 |
| 1 bar | 105 | 1 106 dynes/cm2 | 1,0197 | 0,98692 | 750,06 | 14,504 | 7.5 105 | 2,953 |
| 1 at | 98066,5 | 0,980665 | 1 kgf/cm2 | 0,96784 | 735,56 | 14,223 | 7.356 105 | 28,96 |
| 1 atm | 101325 | 1,01325 | 1,033 | 1 atm | 760 | 14,696 | 7.6 105 | 29,9222 |
| 1 mmHg | 133,322 | 1.3332 10-3 | 1.3595 10-3 | 1.3158 10-3 | 1 mmHg | 19.337 10-3 | 1000 | 39.37 10-3 |
| 1psi | 6894,76 | 68.948 10-3 | 70.307 10-3 | 68.046 10-3 | 51,715 | 1lbf/in2 | 5.171 104 | 0,2036 |
| 1 micron | 0,1333 | 1.333 10-6 | 1.3595 10-6 | 1.3158 10-6 | 10-3 | 19.337 10-6 | 1 μκ | 39.37 10-6 |
| 1"Hg | 3.386 103 | 0,33864 | 34.531 10-3 | 33.42 10-3 | 25,4 | 4,9116 | 25.4 103 | 1 inHg |
Alexey Matveev,
technical specialist of the Raskhodka company
Note, there are 2 tables and a list. Here's another useful link:
| In units: | |||||||||
| Pa (N / m 2) | MPa | bar | atmosphere | mmHg Art. | mm w.st. | m w.st. | kgf / cm 2 | ||
| Should be multiplied by: | |||||||||
| Pa (N / m 2) | 1 | 1*10 -6 | 10 -5 | 9.87*10 -6 | 0.0075 | 0.1 | 10 -4 | 1.02*10 -5 | |
| MPa | 1*10 6 | 1 | 10 | 9.87 | 7.5*10 3 | 10 5 | 10 2 | 10.2 | |
| bar | 10 5 | 10 -1 | 1 | 0.987 | 750 | 1.0197*10 4 | 10.197 | 1.0197 | |
| atm | 1.01*10 5 | 1.01* 10 -1 | 1.013 | 1 | 759.9 | 10332 | 10.332 | 1.03 | |
| mmHg Art. | 133.3 | 133.3*10 -6 | 1.33*10 -3 | 1.32*10 -3 | 1 | 13.3 | 0.013 | 1.36*10 -3 | |
| mm w.st. | 10 | 10 -5 | 0.000097 | 9.87*10 -5 | 0.075 | 1 | 0.001 | 1.02*10 -4 | |
| m w.st. | 10 4 | 10 -2 | 0.097 | 9.87*10 -2 | 75 | 1000 | 1 | 0.102 | |
| kgf / cm 2 | 9.8*10 4 | 9.8*10 -2 | 0.98 | 0.97 | 735 | 10000 | 10 | 1 | |
| 47.8 | 4.78*10 -5 | 4.78*10 -4 | 4.72*10 -4 | 0.36 | 4.78 | 4.78 10 -3 | 4.88*10 -4 | ||
| 6894.76 | 6.89476*10 -3 | 0.069 | 0.068 | 51.7 | 689.7 | 0.690 | 0.07 | ||
| Inches Hg / inches Hg | 3377 | 3.377*10 -3 | 0.0338 | 0.033 | 25.33 | 337.7 | 0.337 | 0.034 | |
| inches w.st. / inchesH2O | 248.8 | 2.488*10 -2 | 2.49*10 -3 | 2.46*10 -3 | 1.87 | 24.88 | 0.0249 | 0.0025 | |
| To convert pressure in units: | In units: | |||
| pounds per sq. pound square feet (psf) | pounds per sq. inch / pound square inches (psi) | Inches Hg / inches Hg | inches w.st. / inchesH2O | |
| Should be multiplied by: | ||||
| Pa (N / m 2) | 0.021 | 1.450326*10 -4 | 2.96*10 -4 | 4.02*10 -3 |
| MPa | 2.1*10 4 | 1.450326*10 2 | 2.96*10 2 | 4.02*10 3 |
| bar | 2090 | 14.50 | 29.61 | 402 |
| atm | 2117.5 | 14.69 | 29.92 | 407 |
| mmHg Art. | 2.79 | 0.019 | 0.039 | 0.54 |
| mm w.st. | 0.209 | 1.45*10 -3 | 2.96*10 -3 | 0.04 |
| m w.st. | 209 | 1.45 | 2.96 | 40.2 |
| kgf / cm 2 | 2049 | 14.21 | 29.03 | 394 |
| pounds per sq. pound square feet (psf) | 1 | 0.0069 | 0.014 | 0.19 |
| pounds per sq. inch / pound square inches (psi) | 144 | 1 | 2.04 | 27.7 |
| Inches Hg / inches Hg | 70.6 | 0.49 | 1 | 13.57 |
| inches w.st. / inchesH2O | 5.2 | 0.036 | 0.074 | 1 |
Detailed list of pressure units:
- 1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 0.0000102 Atmosphere "metric" / Atmosphere (metric)
- 1 Pa (N/m 2) = 0.0000099 Atmosphere (standard) = Standard atmosphere
- 1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 0.00001 Bar / Bar
- 1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 10 Barad / Barad
- 1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 0.0007501 Centimeters of mercury. Art. (0°C)
- 1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 0.0101974 Centimeters in. Art. (4°C)
- 1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 10 dyne / square centimeter
- 1 Pa (N/m 2) = 0.0003346 Foot of water / Foot of water (4 °C)
- 1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 10 -9 Gigapascals
- 1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 0.01
- 1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 0.0002953 Dumov Hg / Inch of mercury (0 °C)
- 1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 0.0002961 Inches of mercury. Art. / Inch of mercury (15.56 °C)
- 1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 0.0040186 Dumov w.st. / Inch of water (15.56 °C)
- 1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 0.0040147 Dumov w.st. / Inch of water (4 °C)
- 1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 0.0000102 kgf / cm 2 / Kilogram force / centimetre 2
- 1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 0.0010197 kgf / dm 2 / Kilogram force / decimetre 2
- 1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 0.101972 kgf / m 2 / Kilogram force / meter 2
- 1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 10 -7 kgf / mm 2 / Kilogram force / millimeter 2
- 1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 10 -3 kPa
- 1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 10 -7 Kilopound force / square inch / Kilopound force / square inch
- 1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 10 -6 MPa
- 1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 0.000102 Meters w.st. / Meter of water (4 °C)
- 1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 10 Microbar / Microbar (barye, barrie)
- 1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 7.50062 Microns of mercury / Micron of mercury (millitorr)
- 1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 0.01 Milibar / Millibar
- 1 Pa (N/m 2) = 0.0075006 Millimeter of mercury (0 °C)
- 1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 0.10207 Millimeters of w.st. / Millimeter of water (15.56 °C)
- 1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 0.10197 Millimeters w.st. / Millimeter of water (4 °C)
- 1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 7.5006 Millitorr / Millitorr
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 1N/m2 / Newton/square meter
- 1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 32.1507 Daily ounces / sq. inch / Ounce force (avdp)/square inch
- 1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 0.0208854 Pounds of force per sq. foot / Pound force/square foot
- 1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 0.000145 Pounds of force per sq. inch / Pound force/square inch
- 1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 0.671969 Poundals per sq. foot / Poundal/square foot
- 1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 0.0046665 Poundals per sq. inch / Poundal/square inch
- 1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 0.0000093 Long tons per sq. foot / Ton (long)/foot 2
- 1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 10 -7 Long tons per sq. inch / Ton(long)/inch 2
- 1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 0.0000104 Short tons per sq. foot / Ton (short)/foot 2
- 1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 10 -7 Tons per sq. inch / Ton/inch 2
- 1 Pa (N / m 2) \u003d 0.0075006 Torr / Torr
Everyone knows that air pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury, since this unit of measurement is used in everyday life. In physics, in the SI system of units, pressure is measured in pascals. The article will tell you how to convert millimeters of mercury to pascals.
Air pressure
First, let's deal with the question of what air pressure is. This value is understood as the pressure that the atmosphere of our planet exerts on any objects located on the surface of the Earth. It is easy to understand the reason for the appearance of this pressure: for this you need to remember that each body of finite mass has a certain weight, which can be determined by the formula: N \u003d m * g, where N is the weight of the body, g is the value of the acceleration of gravity, m is the mass of the body . The presence of weight in the body is due to gravity.
The atmosphere of our planet is a large gaseous body, which also has some mass, and therefore has weight. It has been experimentally established that the mass of air that exerts pressure on 1 m 2 of the earth's surface at sea level is approximately equal to 10 tons! The pressure exerted by this air mass is 101,325 pascals (Pa).
Pascal conversion millimeters of mercury
When viewing a weather forecast, atmospheric pressure information is usually presented in millimeters of a column of mercury (mmHg). To understand how mm Hg. Art. convert to pascals, you only need to know the ratio between these units. And remember this ratio is simple: 760 mm Hg. Art. corresponds to a pressure of 101 325 Pa.
Knowing the above figures, you can get the formula for converting millimeters of mercury to pascals. The easiest way to do this is to use a simple proportion. For example, some pressure H is known in mm Hg. Art., then the pressure P in pascals will be: P \u003d H * 101325/760 \u003d 133.322 * H.
The above formula is easy to use. For example, at the top of Mount Elbrus (5642 m), the air pressure is approximately 368 mm Hg. Art. Substituting this value into the formula, we get: P = 133.322*H = 133.322*368 = 49062 Pa, or approximately 49 kPa.
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1 pascal [Pa] = 0.00750063755419211 millimeter of mercury (0°C) [mmHg]
Initial value
Converted value
pascal exapascal petapascal terapascal gigapascal megapascal kilopascal hectopascal decapascal decipascal centipascal millipascal micropascal nanopascal picopascal femtopascal attopascal newton per sq. newton meter per sq. centimeter newton per sq. millimeter kilonewton per sq. meter bar millibar microbar dynes per sq. centimeter kilogram-force per sq. meter kilogram-force per sq. centimeter kilogram-force per sq. millimeter gram-force per sq. centimeter ton-force (short) per sq. ft ton-force (short) per sq. inch ton-force (L) per sq. ft ton-force (L) per sq. inch kilopound-force per sq. inch kilopound-force per sq. inch lbf/sq. ft lbf/sq. inch psi poundal per sq. ft torr centimeter of mercury (0°C) millimeter of mercury (0°C) inch of mercury (32°F) inch of mercury (60°F) centimeter of water column (4°C) mm w.c. column (4°C) inch w.c. column (4°C) foot of water (4°C) inch of water (60°F) foot of water (60°F) technical atmosphere physical atmosphere decibar walls per square meter pieze barium (barium) Planck pressure meter sea water foot sea water (at 15 ° C) meter of water. column (4°C)
More about pressure
General information
In physics, pressure is defined as the force acting per unit area of a surface. If two identical forces act on one large and one smaller surface, then the pressure on the smaller surface will be greater. Agree, it is much worse if the owner of studs steps on your foot than the mistress of sneakers. For example, if you press the blade of a sharp knife on a tomato or carrot, the vegetable will be cut in half. The surface area of the blade in contact with the vegetable is small, so the pressure is high enough to cut through the vegetable. If you press with the same force on a tomato or carrot with a blunt knife, then most likely the vegetable will not be cut, since the surface area of \u200b\u200bthe knife is now larger, which means the pressure is less.
In the SI system, pressure is measured in pascals, or newtons per square meter.
Relative pressure
Sometimes pressure is measured as the difference between absolute and atmospheric pressure. This pressure is called relative or gauge pressure and it is measured, for example, when checking the pressure in car tires. Measuring instruments often, although not always, indicate relative pressure.
Atmosphere pressure
Atmospheric pressure is the air pressure at a given location. It usually refers to the pressure of a column of air per unit surface area. A change in atmospheric pressure affects the weather and air temperature. People and animals suffer from severe pressure drops. Low blood pressure causes problems in people and animals of varying severity, from mental and physical discomfort to fatal diseases. For this reason, aircraft cabins are maintained at a pressure above atmospheric pressure at a given altitude because the atmospheric pressure at cruising altitude is too low.
Atmospheric pressure decreases with altitude. People and animals living high in the mountains, such as the Himalayas, adapt to such conditions. Travelers, on the other hand, should take the necessary precautions so as not to get sick because the body is not accustomed to such low pressure. Climbers, for example, can get altitude sickness associated with a lack of oxygen in the blood and oxygen starvation of the body. This disease is especially dangerous if you stay in the mountains for a long time. Exacerbation of altitude sickness leads to serious complications, such as acute mountain sickness, high-altitude pulmonary edema, high-altitude cerebral edema, and the most acute form of mountain sickness. The danger of altitude and mountain sickness begins at an altitude of 2400 meters above sea level. To avoid altitude sickness, doctors advise avoiding depressants such as alcohol and sleeping pills, drinking plenty of fluids, and ascending altitude gradually, such as on foot rather than in transport. It's also good to eat plenty of carbohydrates and get plenty of rest, especially if the climb is fast. These measures will allow the body to get used to the lack of oxygen caused by low atmospheric pressure. If these guidelines are followed, the body will be able to produce more red blood cells to transport oxygen to the brain and internal organs. To do this, the body will increase the pulse and respiratory rate.
First aid in such cases is provided immediately. It is important to move the patient to a lower altitude where atmospheric pressure is higher, preferably lower than 2400 meters above sea level. Drugs and portable hyperbaric chambers are also used. These are lightweight, portable chambers that can be pressurized with a foot pump. A patient with mountain sickness is placed in a chamber in which pressure is maintained corresponding to a lower altitude above sea level. Such a chamber is used only for first aid, after which the patient must be lowered.
Some athletes use low blood pressure to improve circulation. Usually, for this, training takes place under normal conditions, and these athletes sleep in a low-pressure environment. Thus, their body gets used to high altitude conditions and begins to produce more red blood cells, which in turn increases the amount of oxygen in the blood, and allows them to achieve better results in sports. For this, special tents are produced, the pressure in which is regulated. Some athletes even change the pressure throughout the bedroom, but sealing the bedroom is an expensive process.
suits
Pilots and cosmonauts have to work in a low pressure environment, so they work in spacesuits that allow them to compensate for the low pressure of the environment. Space suits completely protect a person from the environment. They are used in space. Altitude compensation suits are used by pilots at high altitudes - they help the pilot breathe and counteract low barometric pressure.
hydrostatic pressure
Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure of a fluid caused by gravity. This phenomenon plays a huge role not only in engineering and physics, but also in medicine. For example, blood pressure is the hydrostatic pressure of blood against the walls of blood vessels. Blood pressure is the pressure in the arteries. It is represented by two values: systolic, or the highest pressure, and diastolic, or the lowest pressure during the heartbeat. Devices for measuring blood pressure are called sphygmomanometers or tonometers. The unit of blood pressure is millimeters of mercury.
The Pythagorean mug is an entertaining vessel that uses hydrostatic pressure, specifically the siphon principle. According to legend, Pythagoras invented this cup to control the amount of wine he drank. According to other sources, this cup was supposed to control the amount of water drunk during a drought. Inside the mug is a curved U-shaped tube hidden under the dome. One end of the tube is longer, and ends with a hole in the stem of the mug. The other, shorter end is connected by a hole to the inner bottom of the mug so that the water in the cup fills the tube. The principle of operation of the mug is similar to the operation of a modern toilet tank. If the liquid level rises above the level of the tube, the liquid overflows into the other half of the tube and flows out due to the hydrostatic pressure. If the level, on the contrary, is lower, then the mug can be safely used.
pressure in geology
Pressure is an important concept in geology. Without pressure, it is impossible to form gemstones, both natural and artificial. High pressure and high temperature are also necessary for the formation of oil from the remains of plants and animals. Unlike gems, which are mostly found in rocks, oil forms at the bottom of rivers, lakes, or seas. Over time, more and more sand accumulates over these remnants. The weight of water and sand presses on the remains of animal and plant organisms. Over time, this organic material sinks deeper and deeper into the earth, reaching several kilometers below the earth's surface. The temperature increases by 25°C for every kilometer below the earth's surface, so at a depth of several kilometers the temperature reaches 50-80°C. Depending on the temperature and temperature difference in the formation medium, natural gas may be formed instead of oil.
natural gems
The formation of gemstones is not always the same, but pressure is one of the main components of this process. For example, diamonds are formed in the Earth's mantle, under conditions of high pressure and high temperature. During volcanic eruptions, diamonds move to the upper layers of the Earth's surface due to magma. Some diamonds come to Earth from meteorites, and scientists believe they were formed on Earth-like planets.
Synthetic gems
The production of synthetic gemstones began in the 1950s and has been gaining popularity in recent years. Some buyers prefer natural gemstones, but artificial gemstones are becoming more and more popular due to the low price and lack of problems associated with natural gemstone mining. Thus, many buyers choose synthetic gemstones because their extraction and sale is not associated with the violation of human rights, child labor and the financing of wars and armed conflicts.
One of the technologies for growing diamonds in the laboratory is the method of growing crystals at high pressure and high temperature. In special devices, carbon is heated to 1000 ° C and subjected to a pressure of about 5 gigapascals. Typically, a small diamond is used as the seed crystal, and graphite is used for the carbon base. A new diamond grows from it. This is the most common method of growing diamonds, especially as gemstones, due to its low cost. The properties of diamonds grown in this way are the same or better than those of natural stones. The quality of synthetic diamonds depends on the method of their cultivation. Compared to natural diamonds, which are most often transparent, most artificial diamonds are colored.
Due to their hardness, diamonds are widely used in manufacturing. In addition, their high thermal conductivity, optical properties and resistance to alkalis and acids are highly valued. Cutting tools are often coated with diamond dust, which is also used in abrasives and materials. Most of the diamonds in production are of artificial origin due to the low price and because the demand for such diamonds exceeds the ability to mine them in nature.
Some companies offer services to create memorial diamonds from the ashes of the deceased. To do this, after cremation, the ashes are cleaned until carbon is obtained, and then a diamond is grown on its basis. Manufacturers advertise these diamonds as a memory of the departed, and their services are popular, especially in countries with a high percentage of wealthy citizens, such as the United States and Japan.
Crystal growth method at high pressure and high temperature
The high pressure, high temperature crystal growth method is mainly used to synthesize diamonds, but more recently, this method has been used to improve natural diamonds or change their color. Different presses are used to artificially grow diamonds. The most expensive to maintain and the most difficult of these is the cubic press. It is mainly used to enhance or change the color of natural diamonds. Diamonds grow in the press at a rate of approximately 0.5 carats per day.
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