1. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR LABOR PROTECTION
1.1. To perform work from scaffolding, scaffolding, ladders and step-ladders, employees who have been trained and instructed in safe methods and techniques for performing such work and who are admitted to them by their immediate supervisor are allowed.
1.2. Work at height must be carried out from scaffolding means (scaffolding, platforms, decks, platforms, telescopic towers, suspended cradles with winches, ladders and other similar auxiliary devices and devices) that provide safe working conditions.
1.3. All scaffolding used to organize workplaces at height must be registered, have inventory numbers and plates indicating the date of the conducted and next tests.
1.4. The arrangement of flooring and work on random stands (boxes, barrels, etc.) is prohibited.
1.5. With a wind force of 6 points (10-12 m / s) or more, with a thunderstorm, heavy snowfall, sleet, work at a height in the open air is not allowed.
1.6. When performing work from scaffolding, scaffolding, ladders and step ladders, employees must comply with the safety requirements set forth in this instruction.
2. HEALTH REQUIREMENTS BEFORE STARTING WORK
2.1. Before starting work, you must:
- tidy up work clothes; fasten cuffs and all buttons of special clothing;
- check the serviceability of scaffolds, scaffolding, ladders, ladders;
- check, if necessary, their use, protective equipment (safety belts, cables, ropes, etc.), whether they have been tested and whether there are tags indicating the date of the last test;
– make sure that the work area is adequately lit.
2.2. Ladders and ladders must be inspected by the immediate supervisor of the work. Faulty ladders and ladders must be replaced.
2.3. Stairs must be strong, reliable and meet the following requirements:
- the total length of wooden portable ladders in all cases should not exceed 5 m, and ladders used to perform light work at height should be of such a length that it is possible to work from a step located at a distance of at least 1 m from the upper end of the ladder ;
- the wood used for the manufacture of ladders and step-ladders must be seasoned and dry, without knots and cracks and treated with antiseptic and fire retardant compounds;
- steps of wooden ladders and ladders must be firmly inserted into the slotted and drilled holes in the bowstrings. The distance between the steps should not exceed 0.4 m. The bowstrings of the stairs should be fastened with tie bolts at least every 2 m, as well as under the upper and lower steps;
- the lower support ends of the attached vertical and inclined ladders must have stops in the form of steel sharp tips or rubber shoes to prevent slipping of the lower base when installed on the ground, asphalt, concrete and other surfaces;
- ladders used for work on communication lines must have hooks in the upper part to prevent the ladder from falling from wind and accidental shocks;
– ladders with platforms should be pyramidal, strong, stable and easily moved.
- the lower ends of the bowstrings of the stepladders should be upholstered with rubber on one side, and equipped with wheels on the other side. 4-wheel ladders with platforms must be equipped with a device that allows the wheels to be sunk in the event that an employee steps onto the ladder;
- Sliding stepladders must have locking devices that protect them from spontaneous separation during operation.
2.4. Do not install ladders on the roof, flights of stairs and in other places that do not have a horizontal base.
2.5. It is not allowed to install ladders, supporting them with glass windows, stained-glass windows, etc.
2.6. Workers of all specialties to perform even short-term work at a height (1.5 m or more) from ladders should be provided with safety belts and, if necessary, safety helmets. Safety belts issued to workers must be tagged with a test mark.
2.7. In winter, when performing work outdoors, the means of paving must be systematically cleared of snow and ice and sprinkled with sand before and during work.
2.8. Electric wires located closer than 5 m from the stairs (scaffolds) must be protected or de-energized for the duration of the work.
3. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS DURING WORK
3.1. Simultaneous work in 2 or more tiers vertically is prohibited.
3.2. The loads on the scaffolds should not exceed the permissible values established by the project (passport).
3.3. It is forbidden to stack the tool at the edge of the platform, throw it and materials on the floor or on the ground. The tool must be stored in a special bag or box.
3.4. When ascending and descending from a height, it is forbidden to hold tools and parts in your hands, they must be raised and lowered on a rope, cable or in bags over your shoulder.
3.5. It is forbidden to toss any objects to serve to the worker at the top. Serving should be done with the help of ropes, to the middle of which the necessary items are tied. The second end of the rope should be in the hands of the worker standing below, who keeps the objects being lifted from swinging.
3.6. A person working at height must ensure that there are no people below his workplace.
3.7. When using ladders and ladders, it is prohibited:
- work on unreinforced structures and walk on them, as well as climb over fences;
- work on the top two rungs of the ladder;
- two workers should be on the ladder or on one side of the ladder;
- move up the stairs with a load or with a tool in hand;
- use stairs with steps sewn with nails;
- work on a faulty ladder or on steps doused with slippery substances;
- increase the length of the stairs, regardless of the material from which they are made;
– stand or work under stairs;
- install ladders near rotating shafts, pulleys, etc.;
- perform work with pneumatic tools;
- Perform electrical work.
3.8. If, when working inside a building, it is not possible to securely fasten the top of the ladder, then a worker must be at its base to maintain the ladder in a stable position.
3.9. If it is necessary to work with simultaneous support of parts, step-ladders with upper platforms, fenced on 3 sides with railings with a height of at least 1 m, should be used. The height of the side railing of the platforms should be at least 0.15 m.
3.10. In order to prevent accidents in case of accidental drops of any objects, tools, etc. areas dangerous for finding people should be fenced off, have clearly visible warning signs and be guarded by a specially assigned worker.
3.11. When working on slatted platforms, a dense boardwalk should be arranged to prevent falling of tools and materials from them.
3.12. If any malfunctions, signs of incipient destruction are found, all work should be immediately stopped, workers should be evacuated from a height and reported to the immediate supervisor.
4. REQUIREMENTS OF LABOR PROTECTION IN EMERGENCY SITUATION
4.1. In the event of an emergency, stop work, disconnect the power tool from the mains, notify the surrounding people about the danger, report to the immediate supervisor about the incident and act in accordance with his instructions.
4.2. In case of fire or fire, immediately inform the fire brigade by phone - 01, start extinguishing the fire with the available primary fire extinguishing equipment, report the fire to the immediate supervisor.
4.3. Provide first aid to victims of injury, poisoning, sudden acute illness, following the instructions "" (I 01-2014), if necessary, call an ambulance by phone - 03.
5. REQUIREMENTS FOR HEALTH AND SAFETY AFTER THE END OF WORK
5.1. Clear scaffolding, scaffolding, ladders from debris, dirt, etc.
5.2. Remove ladders and tools to the place provided for their storage.
5.3. Report all detected shortcomings and malfunctions during work to the immediate supervisor.
When performing finishing or masonry work using scaffolding, it is necessary to strictly adhere to SNiP III-A, II-70 "Safety in Construction". Here, in a simple language, we will try to describe the main requirements during the execution of work.
- Scaffolding pin clamp frame wedge must necessarily comply with GOST 24258-88 and GOST 27321-87. This must be spelled out in the passport, which must be supplied to scaffolding. All elements must be inventory and made according to a standard project.
- It is permissible to carry out work from non-inventory scaffolding according to individual projects, but only after their acceptance by members of a specially created commission signed by the director. The height of the working platform of such scaffolding should be no more than 4m.
- The installation of scaffolding at the facility must be carried out strictly following the requirements of the Work Execution Project (PPR)
- The scaffolding is made of durable metal, and the choice of pipe for production is determined taking into account the safety factor = 4. Thanks to this, the scaffolding, the price of which will increase slightly, can guarantee safe work at the declared height.
- Small wooden scaffolding is made of wood, at least grade 2. All structures must be covered with an antiseptic.
- All scaffolding must be painted. The paint is applied to a previously primed surface. Resist the temptation to buy scaffolding inexpensively unpainted, as some manufacturers offer. All scaffolds sold by New Heights are powder coated.
- All structures must be designed so that moisture does not accumulate in the internal areas of individual elements.
- Scaffolding MUST be fixed to external structures. So, for frame scaffolding, anchor brackets are usually used, for pin scaffolding LSh and brickwork - wall supports. The number of places for fastening is usually written in the passport. Otherwise, it should be written in the PPR: at least once every 2 spans for the uppermost tier of scaffolding, and once for every 50m2 of projection on the facade. It is strictly forbidden to fix scaffolding to cornices, remote balconies, etc.
- Scaffolding must be equipped with ladders or special ladders that allow workers to rise to their full height. The maximum distance between stairs is 40m. Frame scaffolding LR uses frames with ladders welded into them. At pin scaffolding, one end of the ladder is hooked on the cross connection, and the other rests on the flooring. The slope of the ladder cannot be more than 1:3, and the slope to the horizontal - no more than 60 degrees. The worker's exit place on the upper tier should be equipped with fences.
- To give the scaffolding rigidity, it is necessary to connect them with spacers. Construction pin scaffolds LSh are equipped with clamps and diagonal braces for this purpose.
- When operating scaffolding, the presence of side railings is mandatory. In frame scaffolding of the Republic of Latvia, frames and ties act as fences.
- When working at a height above 6 m, it is necessary to install at least 2 tiers of flooring: working and safety. Each workplace must be equipped with a flooring installed 1 tier higher than the location of the worker. The heights of the working tiers should not be higher than 2m from each other. (Especially relevant for collar forests LH).
- Under the scaffolding, it is imperative to mark the passages. More detailed marking rules are specified in GOST 12.4.026-76.
- If scaffolding has not been used for more than 30 calendar days, then it is necessary to re-accept it for operation.
- It is strictly forbidden to load the scaffolding more than stated by the manufacturer. Frame scaffolding for 40m - LR-2000-40 - can withstand a load of 200 kg / m2, and when using a crossbar in the form of a farm - 500 kg / m2. It is unacceptable to load scaffolding with a conventional crossbar above 200 kg/m2. The load lying on the scaffolding must be set evenly over the entire surface of the tiers.
- Every day, before work is carried out, scaffolding must be inspected by a specially appointed worker or work supervisor. All results must be reflected in the Scaffold Acceptance and Inspection Log. le acceptance and inspection of forests.
Work at height is carried out from scaffolding, scaffolding or using other devices and means of scaffolding that provide conditions for safe work.
Scaffolding and scaffolding must comply with the requirements of GOST 24258-88 “Pavings. General technical conditions”, approved by the Decree of the State Construction Committee of the USSR of 11/28/1988. No. 237, and GOST 27321-87 “Rack-mounted scaffolding for construction and installation works. Specifications”, approved by the Decree of the State Construction Committee of the USSR dated July 3, 1987 No. 107.
scaffolding- a multi-tiered structure designed to organize places on different horizons.
Scaffold- a single-tier structure designed to perform work requiring the movement of jobs along the front.
Scaffolding, scaffolding and other devices for working at heights must be made according to standard designs and taken by the organization for inventory. Inventory scaffolding and scaffolding must have a manufacturer's passport. The use of non-inventory scaffolding is allowed in exceptional cases, and their construction must be carried out according to an individual project with calculations of all the main elements for strength, and scaffolding as a whole - for stability.
The project must be endorsed by an employee of the organization's labor protection service, approved by the chief engineer (technical director) of the organization.
Scaffolding means, the working platform of which is located at a height of 1.3 m or more from the ground or ceiling, are equipped with railings and side railings. The height of the fence is indicated in the standards for scaffolding of a particular type.
Scaffolding and scaffolding can be wooden and metal collapsible. Wooden scaffolding and scaffolding are made from dry coniferous and deciduous wood of at least grade 2 according to GOST 8486-86E “Softwood lumber. Specifications”, approved by the Decree of the USSR State Committee for Standards dated September 30, 1986 No. 2933, subjected to antiseptic protection.
The service life of inventory scaffolding made of steel pipes must be at least 5 years. Scaffolds are equipped with ladders or ramps securely fastened to them, providing safe ways for workers to enter and leave the scaffolding.
Forests and their elements:
must ensure the safety of workers during installation and dismantling;
must be prepared and mounted in accordance with the project, have dimensions, strength and stability corresponding to their purpose;
railings and other protective structures, platforms, floorings, consoles, supports, cross-beams, ladders and ramps should be easily installed and securely fastened;
Scaffolding is designed for maximum load with a safety factor of at least 4. Scaffolding not intended for independent use is rigidly attached to buildings, installations, structures with a horizontal and vertical fixing point spacing specified in the technical documentation of the manufacturer.
Scaffolding facilities located near the passages of vehicles are protected by fenders so that the size of the vehicles does not approach them at a distance closer than 0.6 m.
In places where workers climb onto scaffolding and scaffolding, posters are placed indicating the layout and values of permissible loads, as well as the scheme for evacuating workers in the event of an emergency.
The load on the decking of scaffolding, scaffolding of lifting platforms should not exceed the permissible values established by the project (passport). The accumulation of people on the decks in one place is not allowed. If it is necessary to transfer additional loads to scaffolding (from lifting mechanisms, lifting platforms, etc.), these loads must be taken into account in their design.
The width of decking on scaffolding and scaffolding should be: for stone work - at least 2 m, for plastering - 1.5, for painting and assembly - 1 m.
At the same time, scaffolding used for plastering or painting in places under which other work is being carried out or there is a passage must have flooring without gaps.
When performing work from scaffolding with a height of 6 m or more, there must be at least two decks: working (upper) and protective (lower). Each workplace on scaffolding adjacent to a building or structure must, in addition, be protected from above by a deck located at a height distance of no more than 2 m from the working deck.
Work in several tiers along one vertical without intermediate protective flooring between them is not allowed.
In cases where the performance of work, the movement of people and vehicles under the forests and near them is not provided, the installation of a protective (lower) flooring is optional.
Scaffolds are equipped with ladders or ladders for lifting and lowering people, located at a distance of no more than 40 m from each other. On scaffolds less than 40 m long, at least two ladders or ladders are installed. The upper end of the ladder or ladder is fixed to the crossbars of the scaffolding.
Openings in the scaffolding for exit from the stairs are fenced. The angle of inclination of stairs should be no more than 60 ° to the horizontal surface. The inclination of the ladder should be no more than 1:3.
Scaffolds with a height of more than 4 m are allowed for operation only after their acceptance by the commission with the execution of an act.
The scaffold acceptance certificate is approved by the chief engineer (technical director) of the organization accepting the scaffolding for operation. It is allowed to approve the act of acceptance of scaffolding, constructed by the contractor for its own needs, by the head of the site (workshop) of this organization. Until the approval of the act, work from the scaffolding is not allowed.
Scaffolding and scaffolding up to 4 m high are allowed for operation after they are accepted by the work manager or foreman with an entry in the log of acceptance and inspection of scaffolding and scaffolding.
In construction and installation organizations, scaffolding is inspected daily by the work foreman (foreman) and at least once every 10 days by a foreman or foreman before starting work. The results of the inspection are recorded in the log of acceptance and inspection of scaffolding and scaffolding.
Work from random supports (boxes, barrels, etc.), as well as from trusses, rafters, etc. not allowed.
During work at height, the passage under the work site must be closed, the danger zone fenced and marked with safety signs in accordance with GOST 12.4.026-76.
Suspended scaffolding and scaffolding after their installation can be allowed for operation after testing with a static load that is 20% higher than the standard, with exposure under load for 1 hour and with positive results - after a subsequent test in the dynamic loading mode with a load that is 10% higher than the standard .
The test results are reflected in the act of acceptance into operation of scaffolding, scaffolding or in the log of acceptance and inspection of scaffolding and scaffolding.
Strengthening of hooks, clamps and fingers of suspended scaffolding on mounted or repaired structural elements is carried out before they are lifted. Hooks for hanging scaffolding before installation are subjected to a static load test exceeding the working load by 2 times, with exposure under load for 15 minutes. The test results are documented in an act.
Suspended cradles must comply with the requirements of GOST 27372-87 “Cradles for construction and installation works. Technical words”, approved by the Decree of the State Construction Committee of the USSR of August 14, 1987 No. 173.
Suspended cradles are equipped with a four-sided fence with a height of at least 1.2 m, from the side of the front of work - at least 1.0 m and an onboard fence around the perimeter with a height of at least 0.15 m.
The device of doors in the fence of the cradle is not allowed. Hook for suspension of the cradle is supplied with a safety lock to prevent its falling.
The cradles must be equipped with a limit switch that automatically turns off the drive motor when the cradle approaches the console installed at the top, at a distance of 0.5 ... 0.6 m.
Winches of cradles are equipped with two brakes operating; automatically and independently of each other when the winch motor is turned off. The cradle drive must have a device for its manual
lowering. Every day before work, the condition of cradles, mobile scaffolding and ropes is checked and a test is carried out to simulate a break in the working rope.
Testing of support and hanging scaffolds after the control assembly is carried out evenly distributed over the upper tier | load 2.5 kPa (250 kgf / m 2) with exposure under load for I 10 min. After the test, the forests are sorted out. All their elements must | | understand without much effort. In the elements, the value is checked | flatness of welds, absence of residual deformations, invariability of geometric shapes and sizes. Found defects must be eliminated and the tests repeated. An act is drawn up on the test results.
The cradles are tested with a static load exceeding the calculated one by 50%. When testing, the cradle rises to a height of 100-200 mm and is kept in this position for 10 minutes. After that, the cradle is lowered and the condition of its components (frame, drive, catchers, etc.) and parts is checked. Residual deformation is not allowed. During dynamic testing with a load exceeding the calculated one by 10%, it is necessary to lower and raise the cradle evenly (without contact with the floor) to check the interaction of units, drives and braking devices. When testing the safety gear, at least three tests should be carried out to simulate the breakage of each cargo (working) rope, while the safety rope should be clamped by the safety gear. The cradle catchers are tested with a load equal to the capacity of the cradle, and at least three times at different lifting heights of the cradle.
After the test, the cradle must be lowered and the condition of its components and parts checked. The detected defects are eliminated and the test is repeated. An act is drawn up on the results of the test. Mobile scaffolds are tested in the same way as cradles.
Mounted hanging scaffolds are allowed for operation only after they have been tested for 1 hour with a static load exceeding the calculated one by 20%.
Mobile scaffolding, in addition, are tested with a dynamic load exceeding the calculated one by 10%. The results of scaffolding tests are reflected in the act of their acceptance and in the log of acceptance and inspection of scaffolding and scaffolding. During breaks in work, it is not allowed to leave mobile scaffolding in a raised state.
Mobile scaffolds must comply with the requirements of GOST 28012-89 “Mobile collapsible scaffolds. Specifications”, approved by the Decree of the State Construction Committee of the USSR dated 01/05/1989 No. 1.
The scaffolding as a whole, the flooring of the working platform and other load-bearing elements of the scaffolding must withstand a static load 1.25 times higher than the standard 2000 N/m 2 (200 kgf/m 2).
All bearing horizontal scaffold elements must withstand a concentrated static load of 1300 N (130 kgf) applied in the middle of the element, railings - 700 N (70 kgf).
The height of the railing of the scaffold railing must be at least 1.1 m, the side railing of the working platform flooring - at least 0.15 m. For lifting and lowering people, the scaffolds are equipped with ladders.
8.8.1. When performing work at height, strong scaffolding should be arranged to organize jobs at different horizons and scaffolds for performing work that requires moving jobs along the work front.
8.8.2. Scaffolding, scaffolding and other devices for working at height must be made according to standard designs and taken for inventory. Inventory scaffolding and scaffolding must have a manufacturer's passport. The use of non-inventory scaffolding is allowed in exceptional cases and their construction must be carried out according to an individual project.
8.8.3. Scaffolding means, the working platform of which is located at a height of 1.3 m or more from the ground or ceiling, must have a railing and side railing. The distance between the horizontal elements of the fence should be no more than 0.45 m or the fence should have mesh, lattice, etc. filling. The distance between the handrail posts should be no more than 2 m. The railing elements should be attached to the posts from the inside.
The height of the railing of the fence must be at least 1.1 m.
The height of the side railing is not less than 0.15 m.
The load-bearing elements of the working platform fencing must withstand a load of at least 70 kgf.
Wooden shields and side railings of scaffolding and scaffolding, made of coniferous boards subjected to antiseptic protection, must be subjected to deep impregnation with a fire retardant composition.
8.8.4. The flooring on the scaffolds must have a flat surface with gaps between the boards of no more than 5 mm. Lap jointing of shields is allowed only along their length, and the ends of the joined elements must be located on the support and overlap it by at least 20 cm in each direction. To avoid thresholds, the upper ends of the overlapped shields are bevelled.
8.8.5. For flooring, boards with a thickness of at least 50 mm should be used.
8.8.6. Communication between the tiers of scaffolding is carried out by rigidly fixed ladders.
8.8.7. When installing scaffolds with a height of more than 2.5 m, they must be fixed to the wall.
8.8.8. The gap between the wall of the building and the working deck of the scaffold should not exceed 50 mm for masonry and 150 mm for finishing work, otherwise the gap must be closed.
8.8.9. The width of the decking on the scaffolds must be at least 2 m for stone ones; 1.5 m - for plaster; 1 m - for painting and installation work. When supplying bricks directly to the workplace, a platform width of at least 1.5 m is allowed.
8.8.10. In places where workers climb onto scaffolding and scaffolding, posters should be posted indicating the layout of their placement and the values of permissible loads. The working platform of the scaffold should be painted red and the railing yellow.
8.8.11. Tubular metal scaffolding must be provided with grounding devices and lightning protection.
8.8.12. Assembly and disassembly of scaffolding must be carried out under the guidance and supervision of the foreman or foreman.
8.8.13. The surface of the soil on which the scaffolds are installed must be planned, compacted and ensured the removal of atmospheric precipitation from it.
8.8.14. The foreman of the work inspects the scaffolding before the start of work of each work shift, the person appointed responsible for the safe organization of work at height inspects the scaffolding at least once every 10 work shifts.
The results of the inspection are recorded in the log of acceptance and inspection of scaffolding and scaffolding.
8.8.15. When inspecting forests, it is established:
8.8.16. Scaffolding and scaffolding up to 4 m high are allowed for operation only after acceptance by their supervisor of work with a note in the log of acceptance and inspection of scaffolding and scaffolding.
8.8.17. Periodic scaffold inspections should be carried out daily by the work manager (foreman) and the work foreman before starting work.
8.8.18. Before the approval of the scaffolding acceptance results, work from the scaffolding is not allowed.
8.8.19. When inspecting scaffolding and scaffolding, it is checked for compliance with the manufacturer's passport:
The presence or absence of defects and damage to scaffolding structural elements that affect their strength and stability;
Strength and sustainability of forests;
Availability of necessary barriers;
Serviceability of working decks and fences, verticality of racks. The curvature of the racks should be no more than 1.5 mm per 1 m of length;
Reliability of reference platforms;
Availability of grounding (for metal scaffolding);
Suitability of forests for further work.
8.8.20. Scaffolding, from which no work has been carried out for a month or more, is re-accepted before the resumption of work.
8.8.21. Floors and ladders of scaffolding and scaffolding must be periodically cleaned of debris during work and daily after work is completed, and in winter - cleaned of snow and ice and, if necessary, sprinkled with sand.
8.8.22. Work from random supports (boxes, barrels) is not allowed.
8.8.23. The loads on the scaffolds should not exceed the permissible values established by the project (passport).
8.8.24. The accumulation of people on the decks in one place is not allowed.
8.8.25. It is not allowed to clutter up the approaches to the ladders and step-ladders of the scaffolds.
8.8.26. Access of people to the area where the installation or dismantling of scaffolding and scaffolding is carried out must be closed.
Similar information.
INSTRUCTIONS
ON LABOR SAFETY No. __________
WHEN WORKING ON SCAFFOLDS AND STANDS
1. General Provisions
1.1. The instruction was developed on the basis of DNAOP 0.00-8.03-93 “Procedure for the development and approval by the owner of regulations on labor protection, valid within the enterprise”, DNAOP 0.00-4.12-99 “Model regulation on training on labor protection”, SNiP III-4- 80 “Safety in construction”, GOST 24258-88 “Paving means. General technical conditions”, GOST 27321-87 “Building scaffolding for construction and installation works. Specifications”, GOST 28012-89 “Mobile collapsible scaffolding. Specifications”.
1.2. The instructions apply to all departments of the enterprise.
1.3. When operating scaffolds and scaffolds, in addition to this manual, you should also be guided by the manufacturer's instructions.
1.4. This instruction applies to standing scaffolding made of steel pipes, as well as to metal collapsible mobile (not having a drive) scaffolds that are used in the construction, reconstruction and repair of buildings and structures to accommodate workers and materials directly in the area of construction and installation work .
1.5. Scaffolding and platforms must be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of the approved design documentation and installed in accordance with the work execution plan (PWR).
1.6. The main load-bearing elements of scaffolding must be marked. It is applied in a way that persists throughout the life of the scaffold.
1.7. The marking must contain the following data:
Designation (brand) of the product;
Scaffold set number;
1.8. Each scaffold must have a plate containing the following data:
Trademark (if any) and name of the manufacturer;
Conventional designation of scaffolds;
Serial number of the product according to the numbering system of the manufacturer;
Date of manufacture (month, year).
1.9. The service life of scaffolding should be no more than 5 years, and scaffolding no more than 6 years.
1.10. The surface of the soil on which the scaffolding is installed must be planned, compacted and ensured the removal of surface water from it.
1.11. Risers, frames, supporting ladders and other vertical scaffolding elements must be installed in height and fastened with braces according to the project. Under the ends of each pair of scaffold risers in the transverse direction, a solid (uncut) lining from a board with a thickness of at least 5 cm should be enclosed. It is not allowed to install scaffolding on the ground.
It is forbidden to level the lining with bricks, stones, scraps of boards, wedges and other objects.
1.12. Tubular risers should be installed on shoes that are attached to the supporting linings and laid in accordance with clause 1.11.
1.13. Scaffolding must be attached to the building under construction, structure. Places and methods of fastening are indicated in the PVR.
In the absence of special instructions in the project or the manufacturer's instructions, the scaffolding should be fixed to the walls of buildings and structures at least through one tier for the extreme risers, through two runs - for the upper tier and one fastening for every 50 m of the projection of the scaffolding surface onto the facade of the building .
1.14. It is forbidden to fasten scaffolding to parapets, cornices, pipes, balconies and other protruding structures of the building.
1.15. Near driveways, scaffolding should be installed at a distance of at least 0.6 m from the dimensions of vehicles.
1.16. Scaffolding means must have equal working platforms with a gap between the boards of not more than 5 mm, and if the stand is located at a height of 1.3 m or more - a fence and side elements.
The connection of the flooring boards in the overlap is allowed only along their length, and the joining ends of the elements must be on the support and overlap it by at least 0.2 m in each direction.
1.17. The railing of the fence must be at least 1.1 m high, have at least one intermediate horizontal element or mesh.
1.18. The height of the side railing of the scaffolding flooring must be at least 15 cm.
1.19. The railing of the fence must withstand a concentrated static load of 700 N (70 kgf) applied in the middle of the element in a direction perpendicular to its axis alternately in the horizontal and vertical planes.
1.20. All load-bearing horizontal scaffolding elements must withstand a concentrated static load of 1300 N (130 kgf) applied in the middle of the element.
1.21. The width of decking on scaffolding and platforms should be at least 2 m for stone, 1.5 m for plastering, 1 m for painting and installation work.
1.22. For lifting and lowering people onto scaffolds and platforms, they must be equipped with ladders, which are fixed with the upper end to the crossbars of scaffolding, platforms. The angle of inclination of the ladders should be no more than 60 degrees.
1.23. On the scaffolding, ladders are located at a distance of no more than 40 m from each other. With a length of scaffolding less than 40 m, they must be equipped with at least two ladders.
1.24. The distance between the bowstrings should be from 0.45 m to 0.80 m, the distance between the screeds from 0.30 m to 0.34 m, and the distance from the first screed to the installation level (flooring, etc.) - no more than 0.40 m .
1.25. The slats of wooden ladders must be cut into strings, which must be fastened with tie bolts at least every 2 m. It is forbidden to use ladders knocked down with nails, without inserting screeds.
1.26. The gap between the wall of the building and the working platform of the scaffolding installed near it should not exceed 50 mm for masonry and 150 mm for finishing robots.
When performing thermal insulation work, the gap between the surface to be insulated and the working platform must not exceed double the insulation thickness plus 50 mm.
The specified gaps larger than 50 mm in all cases, if no work is being done, must be closed.
1.27. Scaffolds and scaffolds up to 4 m high are allowed for operation only after they are accepted by a foreman or foreman and registered in the work log, and above 4 m - after acceptance by a commission appointed by the head of the construction and installation organization and registration by an act.
1.28. Metal scaffolding must be grounded and provided with lightning protection.
1.29. Posters should be hung in places where people rise and fall onto scaffolds and platforms indicating the magnitude and layout of the loads.
1.30. When performing work on scaffoldings with a height of 6 m or more, there must be at least two decks - working (upper) and protective (lower), and each workplace on the scaffolds adjacent to a building or structure must, in addition, be protected from above by a deck placed at a height distance of not more than 2 m from the working platform.
1.31. On the power line located closer than 5 m from the metal scaffolding, it is necessary (during the installation or dismantling of the scaffolding) to remove the voltage or take it into wooden boxes.
1.32. The entrance to the building, which has scaffolding, must be protected from above by a canopy, and from the sides - by solid boarding. The canopy and side protection must protrude beyond the dimensions of the scaffolding by at least 1 m.
1.33. Openings in the scaffolding for exit from the ladders must be fenced on three sides.
2. Safety requirements before starting work
2.1. Before starting work, the worker must:
2.1.1. Check the serviceability of scaffolding and platforms - inspect the condition of joints, decking, fences, ladders.
2.1.2. Tidy up the workplace in accordance with the work to be performed, free it from foreign objects.
2.1.3. Get a tool, and, if necessary, a warning belt, check their serviceability and reliability.
2.1.4. Check the presence of warning signs and posters that indicate the permissible load of scaffolding and platforms.
2.1.5. Determine the materials needed for the job and locations on scaffolds or scaffolds.
2.1.6. Make sure that the workers who are part of the brigade, due to their health condition, can work on scaffolds and platforms.
3. Safety requirements during work
3.1. Mounting and dismantling of scaffolding must be carried out by workers who have the right to work at height, provided with warning belts that are attached to reliable elements and structures at the direction of the foreman (foreman).
3.2. Dismantling of scaffolding should be carried out under the guidance of a foreman or foreman in compliance with the procedure specified in the TRP.
3.3. By the beginning of the scaffolding work, the technical staff must inspect the structures to be dismantled, familiarize the workers with the possible danger and give instructions on the consistent method of dismantling and safety measures.
3.4. Access by unauthorized persons who do not take part in the dismantling of scaffolding should be prohibited.
3.5. Before removing the scaffolding flooring, it should be freed from materials, debris, containers (do not remove from the scaffolding) and close access to the scaffolding. It is forbidden for people to be under the flooring during its movement.
3.6. During the dismantling of scaffolding, the lowering of the elements should be carried out using cranes or other lifting devices. It is forbidden to remove individual elements from the scaffolding.
3.7. When dismantling the scaffolding, all doorways of the first floor and exits to the balconies of all floors (within the boundaries of the site to be dismantled) must be closed.
3.8. The load on scaffolding and scaffolding should not exceed the allowable values established by the passport (project).
3.9. Concentration on the flooring of people in one place is not allowed.
3.30. The transfer of additional load from machines for lifting materials to scaffolding and scaffolding, leading to their overload is not allowed.
3.11. When transporting materials with trolleys, rolling passages should be laid along the scaffolding decks, their joints should not coincide with the transverse joints of the decking boards.
3.12. When lifting materials, you must:
3.12.1. Securely sling parts, packages, boxes, etc.
3.12.2. Raise and lower small parts and materials in a special container.
3.12.3. Adhere to the established signaling during the lifting and lowering of loads.
3.12.4. The lowering of the load onto the deck should be carried out at the lowest speed, smoothly, without jerks.
3.13. In order to avoid hitting the scaffolding by a load suspended on the hook of a tower or jib crane, turning the crane boom simultaneously with lifting the load in the immediate vicinity of the scaffolding is prohibited.
3.15. It is forbidden to lift bricks on scaffolding and scaffolding in packages laid with cross dressing or in a “Christmas tree” without special fencing devices.
3.16. Empty pallets should be lowered from scaffolding and platforms in batches prepared in advance and properly slinged.
3.18. It is forbidden to make any changes to the scaffold frame on your own initiative, as well as to remove the fasteners.
3.19. Periodically clean the floorings from construction debris, and in winter from snow, ice, then sprinkle with sand.
3.20. During operation, the scaffolding must be inspected by a foreman or foreman at least every 10 days.
3.21. Scaffolding, from which no work has been carried out for a month or more, must be accepted before starting work in accordance with clause 1.27.
3.22. Forests are subject to additional inspection after rain or thaw, as well as after mechanical impact.
In case of detection of deformations, scaffolding must be repaired and accepted in accordance with clause 1.27.
3.23. The establishment of inventory scaffolds one on another is allowed in accordance with the passport or after checking the lower scaffolds for strength.
When installing scaffolds with a height of more than 2.5 m, they must be attached to the wall in accordance with the PVR.
4. Safety requirements after finishing work
4.1. Free scaffolding from materials, mechanisms and tools, containers and construction debris.
4.2. Remove workplace.
4.3. Block the lifts and entrances to the scaffolding with a special fence, hang out forbidden inscriptions and signs.
4.4. Remove overalls, wash hands, face with soap, take a shower if possible.
4.5. Report to the head of work on the condition of scaffolding and scaffolding and on all shortcomings that occurred during work.
5. Safety requirements in emergency situations
5.1. Immediately stop work, take people to a safe area, fence off the danger area.
5.2. Report what happened to the supervisor.
5.3. If there are victims, provide them with first aid, if necessary, call an ambulance.
5.4. First aid in case of accidents.
5.4.1. First aid for electric shock.
In case of electric shock, it is necessary to immediately release the victim from the action of electric current by disconnecting the electrical installation from the power source, and if it is impossible to turn it off, pull him away from the conductive parts by clothing or using improvised insulating material.
If the victim has no breathing and pulse, it is necessary to give him artificial respiration and indirect (external) heart massage, paying attention to the pupils. Dilated pupils indicate a sharp deterioration in the blood circulation of the brain. In this state of recovery, it is necessary to start immediately, and then call an ambulance.
5.4.2. First aid for injury.
To provide first aid in case of injury, it is necessary to open an individual package, apply a sterile dressing, which is placed in it, to the wound and tie it with a bandage.
If somehow the individual package was not found, then a clean handkerchief, a clean linen rag, etc. must be used for dressing. On a rag that is applied directly to the wound, it is advisable to drip a few drops of tincture of iodine to get a stain larger than the wound, and then apply the rag to the wound. It is especially important to apply the tincture of iodine in this way to contaminated wounds.
5.4.3. First aid for fractures, dislocations, shocks.
In case of fractures and dislocations of the limbs, it is necessary to strengthen the damaged limb with a splint, plywood plate, stick, cardboard or other similar object. The injured arm can also be hung with a bandage or handkerchief from the neck and bandaged to the torso.
In case of a skull fracture (unconscious state after a blow to the head, bleeding from the ears or mouth), it is necessary to apply a cold object to the head (a heating pad with ice, snow or cold water) or make a cold lotion.
If a fracture of the spine is suspected, it is necessary to put the victim on the board, without lifting him, turn the victim on his stomach face down, while observing that the body does not bend, in order to avoid damage to the spinal cord.
In case of a fracture of the ribs, a sign of which is pain during breathing, coughing, sneezing, movements, it is necessary to tightly bandage the chest or pull them off with a towel during exhalation.
5.4.4. First aid for thermal burns.
In case of burns with fire, steam, hot objects, in no case should you open the formed blisters and bandage the burns with a bandage.
For first-degree burns (redness), the burned area is treated with cotton wool soaked in ethyl alcohol.
For second-degree burns (blister), the burnt area is treated with alcohol or a 3% manganese solution.
For third-degree burns (destruction of skin tissue), the wound is covered with a sterile dressing and a doctor is called.
5.4.5. First aid for bleeding.
In order to stop bleeding, you must:
5.4.5.1. Raise the injured limb up.
5.4.5.2. Close the wound with a dressing (from a bag), folded into a ball, press it from above, without touching the wound itself, hold for 4-5 minutes. If the bleeding stops without removing the applied material, put another pad from another bag or a piece of cotton on top of it and bandage the wounded area (with some pressure).
5.4.5.3. In case of severe bleeding that cannot be stopped with a bandage, squeezing of the blood vessels that feed the wounded area is applied by bending the limb at the joints, as well as with fingers, a tourniquet or a clamp. In case of heavy bleeding, you should immediately call a doctor.
5.5. If a fire occurs, call the fire department and start extinguishing the fire with the available fire extinguishing equipment.
5.6. In all cases, follow the instructions of the head of work to eliminate the consequences of an emergency situation.
________________________ ________________ _________________
(head position
divisions
/organizations/ - developer)
AGREED:
Head (specialist)
security services
labor of the enterprise ______________ _______________
(personal signature) (surname, initials)
Legal Counsel ______________ _______________
(personal signature) (surname, initials)
Chief technologist ______________ _______________
(personal signature) (surname, initials)
