Severe competition between manufacturers of one or another type of product forces the owners of industrial facilities to reduce the cost of their products by maintaining the optimal level of costs for the production process and organizing the marketing of products.
The problem of choosing the most economical option for heating production areas plays an important role in reducing costs.
Air heating of warehouse, industrial and domestic premises is one of the most efficient and cost-effective options for installing a heating system that allows you to maintain the required temperature throughout the entire working cycle.
In this article, we will consider the features of the design, installation and operation of air heating for industrial premises of various profiles (warehouse, workshop, etc.).
When heating large areas, you need to use more powerful equipment.
Air heating is a heat generator or a water heater that heats the air, and a system of branched air ducts designed to transport air flows to the heated areas of a workshop or warehouse.
Inside the production premises, heated air is distributed due to the operation of the fan or distribution heads, directing the air flows in the required direction.
Industrial air heating can be presented in the form of a mobile option for heating local areas of the workshop - portable heat guns that successfully perform the task of operational heating of certain areas.
Air recirculation additionally solves the issues of compliance of air parameters in the serviced or working area of industrial premises with sanitary and hygienic requirements and standards.
Advantages and disadvantages
Air heating of industrial and warehouse premises has a number of competitive advantages over other heating system schemes:
- High efficiency (up to 93%), no intermediate links (pipes, radiators, etc.).
- Maintaining a constant level of microclimate inside production facilities due to the possibility of integrating climate and heating systems.
- Low inertia, allowing for a short period of time to warm up the premises to the required level.
- Significant financial savings and reduced production costs.
Obvious advantages may slightly overshadow some disadvantages:
- The need for regular maintenance, the complexity of upgrading.
- The need to equip a backup power supply.
For the installation of an air heating system for a workshop and other industrial premises, the following sequence of actions must be followed:
- Development of a design solution.
- Heating system installation.
- Carrying out commissioning and testing by air and actuation of automation systems.
- Acceptance into operation.
- Exploitation.
Below we consider in more detail each of the stages.
Air heating system design
The correct location of heat sources around the perimeter will allow heating the premises in the same volume. Click to enlarge.
Air heating of a workshop or warehouse must be installed in strict accordance with a previously developed design solution.
You should not be engaged in performing all the necessary calculations and selecting equipment on your own, since design and installation errors can lead to a malfunction and the appearance of various defects: increased noise level, imbalance in the air supply to the premises, temperature imbalance.
The development of a design solution should be entrusted to a specialized organization, which, based on the technical specifications (or terms of reference) submitted by the customer, will deal with the following technical tasks and issues:
- Determination of heat losses in each room.
- Determination and selection of an air heater of the required power, taking into account the magnitude of heat losses.
- Calculation of the amount of heated air, taking into account the power of the air heater.
- Aerodynamic calculation of the system, made to determine the pressure loss and the diameter of the air channels.
After the completion of the design work, you should proceed to the purchase of equipment, taking into account its functionality, quality, range of operating parameters and cost.
Installation of air heating system
Work on the installation of the air heating system of the workshop can be performed independently (by specialists and employees of the enterprise) or resort to the services of a specialized organization.
When installing the system yourself, it is necessary to take into account some specific features.
Before starting installation, it will not be superfluous to make sure that the necessary equipment and materials are complete.
The layout of the air heating system. Click to enlarge.
At specialized enterprises producing ventilation equipment, you can order air ducts, tie-ins, throttle dampers and other standard products used in the installation of an air heating system for industrial premises.
In addition, you will need the following materials: self-tapping screws, aluminum tape, mounting tape, flexible insulated air ducts with a noise suppression function.
When installing air heating, it is necessary to provide for insulation (thermal insulation) of the supply air ducts.
This measure is intended to eliminate the possibility of condensation. When installing the main air ducts, galvanized steel is used, on top of which a self-adhesive foil insulation is glued, with a thickness of 3 mm to 5 mm.
The choice of rigid or flexible air ducts or their combination depends on the type of air heater determined by the design decision. The air ducts are connected to each other using reinforced aluminum tape, metal or plastic clamps.
The general principle of installation of air heating is reduced to the following sequence of actions:
- Carrying out general construction preparatory work.
- Installation of the main air duct.
- Installation of outlet air ducts (distribution).
- Air heater installation.
- Device for thermal insulation of supply air ducts.
- Installation of additional equipment (if necessary) and individual elements: recuperators, grilles, etc.
Carrying out commissioning tests, acceptance of air heating into operation
Air heating of an industrial warehouse or production workshop necessarily includes automatic control and protection systems.
Conducting commissioning tests of automation is an integral part of the comprehensive testing of newly installed equipment and its acceptance into operation (in the case when a third-party specialized organization was involved in the installation).
It is best to entrust the work of conducting commissioning tests by air and actuation of automation to a specialized organization (if your company does not have specialists of this profile on its staff).
The reliability and efficiency of the entire air heating system of industrial premises will depend on the quality of the commissioning tests.
Operation of the air heating system
Air heating of a warehouse or production workshop is a modern heat supply system, the efficiency and performance of which depends on a set of measures for its timely maintenance in preparation for the heating season.
During operation, it is necessary to adhere to the recommendations of the manufacturers of the installed equipment and the requirements of regulatory legal acts.
ultra-term.ru
Air heating systems for industrial premises: pros and cons
Traditional water heating is widely used for residential and office buildings. But when it comes to the heat supply of large-scale facilities (production shops, warehouses, hangars, agro-industrial facilities, etc.), more economical and efficient solutions are required, such as air heating systems.
When Traditions Fail
Scheme of air heating, fig. one
First of all, it is worth understanding why water heating systems, so common for small residential and office premises, are not suitable for workshops, warehouses or hangars.
Scheme of the air heating system, fig. 2
The fact is that rooms in apartments and private houses, as well as offices, most often have a ceiling height of no higher than 3-4 m. Warm air flows from heating devices located under windows or along walls rise up. Because of this, the air temperature difference between the floor and the ceiling increases by 2°C with each meter. Thus, in living rooms this difference can reach 6-8°С, which is quite acceptable, since a comfortable temperature (+18-22°С) should be maintained only up to the height of human growth.
Air heating system, diagram, fig. 3
But the higher the ceiling, the more uneven heating increases. In a room heated by a convective method, warm air mainly accumulates under the ceiling, which naturally increases heat loss through ceilings or roofs. At the same time, at the height of human growth, the temperature remains much lower than comfortable.
Scheme of air heating, fig. 4
Due to the huge temperature difference between the floor and the ceiling, when using water heating systems in rooms with high ceilings, it is necessary to resort to additional measures to evenly heat the entire volume of air. These can be electric or water "warm floors" or ceiling fans, which further increases the already considerable costs of heating the building. All this makes water heating an extremely unprofitable and inefficient solution for heating buildings with high ceilings. So it is being phased out in favor of more economical air systems.
Scheme, fig. 5
Air heating system: pros and cons
Advantages
You can set the thermostat to a low maintenance (so that the water does not freeze) temperature, leaving the unit for a while. Upon returning, the regulator switches back, the building warms up.
If necessary, you can set a flexible temperature regime: at night - one, during the day - another.
Air heating can work alongside a humidifier in dry climates, while avoiding the problems associated with the accumulation of "static electricity".
In regions with a humid climate, air heating systems dry the air in the premises, which will prevent moisture condensation and the spread of fungus and mold.
Air heating systems with an air intake inside the building are equipped with purifying filters or ionizers, this allows you to remove polluting particles and allergens from the air.
During the warm season, air ducts of air heating systems with forced draft supply cold air to the premises.
Fans of air heating systems, in the presence of forced draft, are used in conjunction with solid fuel stoves, heating the house in case of unforeseen failures or planned interruptions in the operation of centralized heating. Such an alternative system, located near the air intake fan, is able to assist the main heating system in especially severe cold.
disadvantages
Air heating systems with the same forced draft "successfully" suck dust from the street into the room. Air filters do not capture all the dust. The problem can be alleviated by the use of air intake systems located inside the building.
Air filters require frequent replacement, if this is not done, the system loses its effectiveness.
If the fan fails, heat will not be supplied.
In the event of any malfunction with CO entering the air duct system, carbon monoxide will be carried throughout the building.
teplolivam.ru
Air heating system - simply ideal for heating industrial premises
Calculators SNiPs and GOSTs
Heating industrial premises is an important matter for the owner of a large enterprise. Because the first thing you need to think about is your employees. After all, when workers spend their workday in comfortable conditions, they, accordingly, get sick less and work better.
Advantages of air heating of industrial premises:
- This heating system is much more economical than, for example, gas;
- Installing air heating equipment will cost the owner in large institutions much cheaper than building their own separate boiler room;
- Also, this heating system can save a lot of money for electricity. The thing is that the air is heated, thanks to this equipment, much faster, and the heat lasts longer;
- The owner of any large premises will save money on the maintenance of this system. Since air heating of industrial premises requires fewer employees to service this heating equipment.
Installation options for this heating equipment
Air heating can be installed in 2 options. The first option is to install production units on the roof or near the wall. A special system goes inside from them, thanks to which the air is distributed to all blowers and evenly heats the room. This option is suitable if, in addition to heating the institution, it is also necessary to cool and ventilate it during the warm season.
Owners of enterprises will no longer need to think about the purchase of air conditioners and their installation. You can save a lot by connecting only one heating system, but in the end you get 2. Such heating of industrial premises is often used in shopping centers and department stores. Humidifiers and antibacterial lamps can be connected to the heating equipment, which contribute to the creation of an ideal microclimate in the room.
The second installation option is when the production facilities are heated by local air heaters. Such equipment is perfect for various warehouses and premises in which goods are stored. Air heaters should be installed in the right places around the perimeter and just turn them on. If the temperature drops sharply, then the sensor will record this, and the units will start their work again.
How to proceed when installing air heating in warehouses and other institutions
As always, before starting absolutely any work, you need to think carefully about everything. In this case, you need to make a good project so that after installing the heating equipment there are no problems. Of course, the owner of the production establishment will not do all this. Therefore, the best way to cope with this task is to hire competent workers in this field.
So, what actions should be followed before installing this design:
- First you need to make a project before proceeding with the installation of air heating in the enterprise;
- Next, you need to install the heating system;
- Then all devices should be tested. These will be both tests of all automatic systems and air tests;
- If the check was successful, then you can hand over the “work” for use;
- The last point is, directly, the use of this heating system.
The calculation of all units, spare parts and their quantity should be done by an experienced person in this area in order to protect themselves from "extra" purchases.
Heating of industrial premises and enterprises requires absolute compliance with the project itself. You should not do all the calculations yourself, even if you are well versed in this. After all, one small mistake can ruin the entire system. Various defects may also appear, which are accompanied by an increased noise level (and for shopping centers this is an unacceptable situation), an imbalance in the air supply to various rooms, an imbalance in the temperature regime, etc.
A specialized organization (namely, here the customer needs to apply for a heating system project) must solve the following issues:
- Determine heat losses in each individual room;
- Having learned the heat losses, the employees of a specialized organization select air heaters of the required power, taking into account all heat losses;
- Calculate the amount of heated air and take it into account with the power of the air heater;
- Make a calculation of the aerodynamic system, which determines the pressure loss and the diameter of the air channels.
And only after all this, you can proceed to the purchase of all the necessary materials, and then begin to install the heating system for industrial premises.
Rice. 2 Calculation of heating of the production room Air heating system and its installation
Work on the installation of equipment for heating industrial premises can be undertaken by both “all their own” and workers from a specialized organization. Before starting the installation of air heating in the room, you need to make sure that all the materials for work are available.
In addition to the heating system, it is also necessary not to forget about self-tapping screws, aluminum tape, mounting tape, flexible insulated air duct and other additional materials. All air heating blowers in the room must be insulated. This must be done in order to avoid condensate blowers in production areas.
Rice. 3 Air heating system in industrial establishments An air heating system with main blowers requires special approaches to insulation. The material used for these blowers is galvanized steel, so self-adhesive insulation (foil) must be glued on top of it. The thickness of the insulation should be 3-5 mm.
It is best to hire experienced workers to install a heating system in large rooms who will install all the necessary equipment without any problems.
kotlomaniya.ru
Home > Air heating of industrial premises
Today, many commercial and industrial organizations face the issue of cost savings. In winter, heating a production facility with a constant increase in electricity prices can cost a pretty penny, so the demand for efficient heating methods increases - first of all, direct air heating using the cheapest fuel today - natural gas. Air heating systems for industrial and commercial premises offered by our company are among the most efficient, profitable and advanced on the Russian market. Let us consider the main characteristics of such systems. For industrial premises requiring heating and ventilation, systems are used in which air is supplied to the premises through air ducts. It is most expedient to use such systems if it is necessary not only to heat, but also to ventilate and / or air-condition the room - since in this system it is possible to combine all these functions. A similar system is mounted using large industrial units, usually located on the roof. This is how the heating, ventilation and air conditioning system is built in large shopping centers, office buildings, as well as production workshops. The system allows you to maintain the desired climatic parameters in the room - temperature, humidity, purify the air from microbes, dust and other harmful impurities, creating the most favorable environment for people in the room. If the task is only to heat production facilities at minimal cost, then the most optimal way is to install local gas air heaters. This is a compact and inexpensive equipment operating on the principle of a fan heater. Local air heaters are controlled by thermostats that regulate the temperature in the room and give a signal to turn on if it drops to a certain value. In both cases, the heating system of an industrial or warehouse space has several undoubted advantages: - use of a cheap energy source (gas)
- the absence of an additional coolant, as well as the bulky system associated with it (pipes, boilers, pumps)
- exceptionally low inertia - no time is required for heat transfer from the coolant to the battery, the heated air immediately enters the room
- exceptionally high efficiency - up to 93%
- creation of a more even distribution of heat due to the constant circulation of air in the room
"How to choose the optimal heating"? - this question is asked by the owners of industrial premises, workshops and warehouses. The large size of the buildings, combined with Russia's harsh climate, scare young entrepreneurs. In this review, we will talk about "optimal" heating. First, let's understand what is meant by the word "optimal". Usually, this word is understood as a suitable ratio for the building "cost / reliability / convenience".
Choosing and creating a heating scheme for large rooms is not an easy task. Each building is universal - size, height, purpose. Equipment for production is often an obstacle to laying pipes. But without heating anywhere. A well-built heating system protects equipment from hypothermia (often this factor leads to equipment breakdown), creates favorable working conditions for workers. In addition, without the right temperature, some products will deteriorate many times faster. That is why it is so important to choose a reliable space heating system.
Choosing a heating system for industrial buildings
Almost every warehouse needs heating. Usually use centralized heating systems. They are:
- Water;
- Air.
When choosing heating, the following characteristics should be considered:
- The area and height of the building;
- The amount of heat energy required to maintain the desired temperature;
- Ease of equipment for heating in technical terms, its wear resistance.
Central water heating
The main thermal resource is the central heating system or boiler room. Water heating includes:
- Boiler;
- Heating devices;
- Pipeline.
The principle of operation is simple. The liquid is heated in the boiler and goes through the pipes, giving off heat.
Types of water heating:
- Single-pipe (it is impossible to regulate the water temperature);
- Two-pipe (temperature control is possible. It is carried out using thermostats on radiators).
The central heating element is the boiler. To date, there are quite a few types of boilers: liquid fuel, solid fuel, gas, electric and mixed. The boiler should be chosen taking into account the possibilities. A gas boiler is convenient when you can connect to a gas source. Keep in mind that the price of this resource is growing every year. Interruptions in gas supply will lead to sad consequences.
Oil-fired boilers need a separate room and a container for storing fuel. In addition, it will be necessary to constantly replenish fuel supplies, which means that additional hands are needed for transportation and unloading. And these are additional costs.
Solid fuel boilers are not suitable for heating large industrial premises. Caring for a solid fuel boiler is not an easy task (loading fuel, cleaning the chimney and furnace). On the modern market, you can find partially automated models with the possibility of mechanized fuel loading. Other components (firebox, chimney) require human care. Sawdust, pellets, wood chips, etc. act as fuel. Despite the fact that the operation of such boilers is a laborious process, these models are the cheapest on the market.
Electric boilers are not the most suitable option for heating large rooms (up to 70 square meters). The electricity used will cost the owner dearly. It should be borne in mind that planned and unscheduled power outages negatively affect the system.
Combined boilers can be called universal samples.
The water heating system is a stable and efficient space heating. Despite the fact that combined boilers cost more than their counterparts, but with it you will not depend on external troubles (various interruptions in gas and electrical systems). Combined samples of boilers have two or more heaters for different types of fuel. Due to the built-in types of burners, boilers are divided into:
- Gas-wood - are not afraid of interruptions in the gas supply system and rising fuel prices)
- Gas-diesel - ideally heat a large room)
- Gas-diesel-wood - a functional boiler with low efficiency and low power)
- Gas-diesel-wood-electricity is an almost universal unit that is completely independent of external problems
The situation with the boilers is explained. Now you need to find out if the water type of heating fits the previously described criteria. It is worth noting that the heat capacity of water is thousands of times higher than the heat capacity of air. This means that water will need a thousand times less than air. Another point: the water heating system will allow you to set the desired temperature at different times. For example, during standby heating of production, the temperature will be +10 C, and during working hours you can set a higher temperature.
air heating
People have been using air heating for a long time. The system is efficient and popular. Has the following advantages:
- Instead of radiators and pipes, air ducts are installed.
- Air heating has a higher efficiency compared to a water system
- The heated air is evenly distributed over the entire area of the room
- It is convenient to connect the air system with ventilation and air conditioning (you can get clean air instead of warm air)
- The constant change of air has a positive effect on the well-being of workers; increases work efficiency.
If you want to save money, it is better to choose mixed industrial air heating. It consists of natural and mechanical air stimulation.
- The "natural" motivation is to take the warm air of their atmosphere at any temperature.
- Mechanical impulse - taking cold air through the duct for its subsequent warming and supply to the room.
It is believed that an air heating system is the best option for heating large industrial premises.
infrared heating
It is possible to heat the production room in non-traditional ways. Infrared heaters are a modern invention of engineers. The principle of their operation is as follows: radiators produce energy above the heating zone and give off heat to objects that heat the air. The functionality of such heaters is compared with the sun. It also heats the surface of the earth with the help of infrared waves, and then the air heats up from the heat exchange. Thanks to this principle, the heated air will not accumulate under the ceiling, evenly distributed over the area of the room.
There are many types of IR heaters, differing in the following characteristics:
- Installation location (floor, portable floor, wall, ceiling);
- Type of emitted waves (shortwave, medium wave and light);
- Type of energy consumed (diesel, gas, electric).
The most profitable are gas and diesel infrared models of heaters. Their efficiency is often above 90%. But they are characterized by burning air and changing the characteristics of its humidity.
- Type of heating element (halogen - not very durable models; carbon - a fragile model, but consumes less energy; ceramic - the heater is assembled from ceramic tiles. Inside it is a mixture that heats the environment).
Infrared heaters are used for heating industrial buildings, various structures, workshops, greenhouses, greenhouses, farms and apartments.
Benefits of infrared heating
Infrared heating can provide spot heating, that is, there can be different temperatures in different parts of the building. Infrared heaters do not come into contact with air, heating surfaces, objects, organisms. This means that there will be less drafts in the room. IR heating is economical. High efficiency and low power consumption - just a dream. Long service life, ease of installation, low weight, the possibility of local efficient heating - these are just the main positive aspects of IR heaters.
In this extensive article, we reviewed the popular types of space heating. Which type is the best is up to you. We hope that this article was useful and informative.
Industrial premises, workshops, warehouses, due to their spacious size and taking into account the climatic conditions of Russia, often need to solve such an urgent issue as optimal heating. The word "optimal" means the price/reliability/comfort ratio that is appropriate for an industrial building.
That's what we'll talk about in our article.
In general, creating a heating scheme for industrial premises is a rather difficult task. This is due to the fact that each individual production facility is built for specific technological processes, and has a very large size and height.
Plus, the equipment that is used in production sometimes complicates the laying of pipes for ventilation or heating. But, despite this, the heating of industrial buildings is an important function, which is impossible to do without.
And that's why:
- a well-thought-out heating system provides comfortable working conditions for employees and directly affects their performance;
- it protects equipment from hypothermia, which can cause damage, which in turn will lead to monetary costs for repairs;
- warehouses must also have an appropriate microclimate so that the goods produced retain their original appearance.
Note!
By choosing a simple, but at the same time reliable heating system, you will reduce the cost of its repair and maintenance.
Plus, to control it, it will take much fewer employees.
Choosing a heating system for industrial premises
For heating industrial buildings, central heating systems (water or air) are most often used, but in some cases it is more rational to use local heaters.
But in any case, when choosing a production heating system, you need to rely on the following criteria:
- The area and height of the room;
- The amount of heat energy needed to maintain the optimum temperature;
- The ease of maintenance of heating equipment, as well as its suitability for repair.
And now let's try to deal with the positive and negative sides that the types of heating of industrial premises mentioned above have.
Central water heating
The source of the heat resource is the central heating system, or a local boiler house. Water heating consists of a boiler, (radiators or convectors) and pipelines. The liquid heated in the boiler is transferred to the pipes, while giving off heat to the heaters.
Water heating of industrial buildings can be:
- Single-pipe - here it is impossible to regulate the water temperature.
- Two-pipe - here temperature control is possible and is carried out thanks to thermostats and radiators installed in parallel.
As for the central element of the water system (that is, the boiler), it can be:
- gas;
- liquid fuel;
- solid fuel;
- electric;
- combined.
You need to choose based on the possibilities. For example, if it is possible to connect to a gas main, a gas boiler would be a good option. But keep in mind that the price of this type of fuel increases every year. Plus, there may be interruptions in the central gas supply system, which will in no way benefit the manufacturing enterprise.
Requires a separate secure room and fuel storage tank. In addition, you will have to regularly replenish fuel reserves, which means taking care of transportation, unloading - additional costs of money, labor and time.
Solid fuel boilers are hardly suitable for heating industrial premises, except perhaps small ones. The operation and maintenance of a solid fuel unit is a rather laborious process (fuel loading, regular cleaning of the furnace and chimney from ash).
True, at present there are automated solid fuel models that do not need to be loaded with fuel by hand; a special automatic intake system has been developed for this. Also, automated models allow you to set the desired temperature.
However, you still have to take care of the firebox. Pellets, sawdust, wood chips are used here as fuel, and when manually laying, also firewood. Although this type of boiler involves labor-intensive operation, it is the most inexpensive.
Electric boilers are also not the best option for large industrial enterprises, since the spent electricity costs a decent "penny". But the heating of industrial premises of 70 square meters in this way is quite acceptable. However, do not forget that in our country, periodic power outages for several hours are a common occurrence.
As for combined boilers, they can be called truly universal units. If you have chosen a water heating system and want to get efficient and uninterrupted heating of production as a result, then take a closer look at this option.
Although the combined boiler costs several times more than the previous units, it gives a unique opportunity - to practically not depend on external problems (interruptions in the centralized heating system, gas supply and electricity supply). Such units are equipped with two or more burners for different types of fuel.
Built-in types of burners are the main parameter for dividing combined boilers into subgroups:
- Gas-fired heating boiler- you can not be afraid of interruptions in gas supply and rising fuel prices;
- Gas-diesel- provide high heating power and comfort in a large area;
- Gas-diesel-wood- has extended functionality, but it has to be paid for with lower efficiency and low power;
- Gas-diesel-electricity- a very effective option;
- Gas-diesel-wood-electricity- improved unit. It can be said that it provides complete independence from possible external problems.
Everything is clear with boilers, now let's see if water heating in production fits the selection criteria that we initially outlined. It should immediately be said that the heat capacity of water, compared to the heat capacity of the same air, is several thousand times greater (at normal air (70°C) and water (80°C) temperatures in the heating system).
In this case, the water consumption for the same room will be thousands of races less than the air consumption. And this means that less connecting communications will be required, which, of course, is a big plus, given the design of industrial premises.
Note!
The water heating system allows you to control the temperature: for example, you can set the on-duty heating of production (+10 ° C) during non-working hours, and set a more comfortable temperature during working hours.
air heating
This type is the very first artificial space heating. So air heating systems have been proving their effectiveness for quite a long time and, it should be noted, are in constant demand.
All this thanks to the following positive aspects:
- Air heating assumes the absence of radiators and pipes, instead of which air ducts are installed.
- Air heating shows a higher level of efficiency compared to the same water heating system.
- The air in this case is heated evenly, throughout the volume and height of the room.
- The air heating system can be combined with the supply ventilation and air conditioning system, which allows you to get clean air instead of heated air.
- It is impossible not to mention the regular change and cleaning of the air, which has a beneficial effect on the well-being and performance of employees.
In order to save money, it is better to choose combined industrial air heating, which consists of natural and mechanical air induction. What does it mean?
The word "natural" means the intake of already warm air from the environment (warm air is everywhere, even when it is -20°C outside). Mechanical impulse is when the air duct takes cold air from the environment, heats it up and delivers it to the room.
For heating a large area, air heating systems for industrial premises are perhaps the most rational option. And in some cases, for example, in chemical plants, air heating is the only permitted type of heating.
infrared heating
How to heat a production room without resorting to traditional methods? With the help of modern infrared heaters. They work according to the following principle: radiators produce radiant energy over the heated area and transfer heat to objects, from which the air is heated in turn.
Information! The functionality of infrared heaters can be compared with the Sun, which also heats the earth's surface with the help of infrared waves, and as a result of heat transfer from the surface, air is heated.
This principle of operation eliminates the accumulation of heated air under the ceiling and, as a result, large temperature drops, which is very attractive for heating industrial enterprises, since most of them have high ceilings.
IR heaters are divided into the following types according to the installation site:
- ceiling;
- floor;
- wall;
- portable floor.
By type of emitted waves:
- shortwave;
- medium wave or light (their operating temperature is 800 ° C, so during operation they emit soft light);
- long-wavelength or dark (they do not emit light even at their operating temperature of 300-400 ° C).
By type of energy consumed:
- electrical;
- gas;
- diesel.
Gas and diesel infrared systems are more profitable and their efficiency is 85-92%. However, they burn oxygen and change the humidity in the air.
By type of heating element:
- Halogen- the only drawback is that if dropped or hit hard, the vacuum tube can break;
- Carbon– the main heating element is made of carbon fiber and placed in a glass tube. The biggest plus compared to other IR devices is lower power consumption (about 2.5 times). Dropping or strong impact may break the quartz tube.
- Shadow;
- Ceramic– the heating element is made of ceramic tiles assembled into one reflector.
The principle of operation is the flameless combustion of the gas-air mixture inside the ceramic tile, as a result of which it heats up and transfers heat to surrounding surfaces, objects, people.
IR heaters are most often used for heating:
- industrial premises;
- commercial and sports facilities;
- warehouses;
- workshops;
- factories;
- greenhouses, greenhouses;
- livestock farms;
- private and apartment buildings.
Advantages of infrared heating:
- First of all, it should be noted that IR heaters are the only type of devices that allow zone or spot heating. Thus, different temperature conditions can be maintained in different parts of the production facility. Zone heating can be used to heat workplaces, parts on a conveyor, engines in a car, young animals on livestock farms, etc.
- As mentioned above, IR heaters heat surfaces, objects and people, but do not affect the air itself. It turns out that there is no circulation of air masses, which means that there is no loss of heat and drafts and, as a result, there are fewer colds and allergic reactions.
- The low inertia of infrared heaters allows you to feel the effect of their action immediately after starting, without preheating the room.
- Infrared heating is very economical due to its high efficiency and low power consumption (up to 45% less energy than traditional methods). Probably, it is not necessary to explain that this significantly reduces the financial costs of the enterprise and quickly pays off all the funds invested in infrared heating.
- Infrared heaters are durable, lightweight, space-saving, easy to install (detailed installation instructions are included with each product), and require virtually no maintenance during operation.
- Infrared heaters are the only type of heating devices that can provide effective local heating (that is, without resorting to centralized heating systems).
Finally
Finally, I would like to suggest that you familiarize yourself with the photo table, which indicates the specific heating characteristic of industrial buildings.
We examined the main types of heating industrial premises. Which will be the most optimal in your case - it's up to you. And we hope that this article has become useful for you. You will find additional information on this topic in a specially selected video material.
For the comfortable work of employees of production and storage facilities, it is necessary to equip an efficient heating system. In addition, the normal temperature regime has a positive effect on equipment, machines and the building itself. Consider what are the ways of heating production and storage facilities. After all, someone chooses heating boilers, and someone prefers heaters for space heating. In our article we will talk about the features and efficiency of different heating systems.
How to heat non-residential premises
For rooms with large areas, 3 types of heating systems are usually used: air, water and radiant. When using water heating, it is necessary to arrange heating radiators. Such a system is beneficial, as it has a large selection of heating equipment. But with such a heating system, there is a large thermal inertia and high costs are required. Not all commercial premises can be equipped with heating radiators, as they must be installed on the wall. And usually in retail outlets in these places they arrange racks.
Radiant and air heating have a higher demand. Consider in detail each heating system.
air heating
Air heating appeared one of the first types of heating systems. And until now, such a system is popular due to its effectiveness. Air heating has the following advantages:
- In such a system, the efficiency is greater than that of water heating.
- There is no need for piping and heating radiators. In the air system, it is necessary to install only air ducts.
- An air heating system is often used in conjunction with an air conditioning system. Therefore, you can get clean air instead of heated.
- The heated air is distributed evenly throughout the room.
- The air is cleaned and changed regularly. Therefore, there will always be a comfortable atmosphere in the room, which positively affects the performance of employees.
In order to save money, it is better to use combined air heating for industrial premises. Such a heating system consists of mechanical and natural air induction.
With natural intake, warm air will be taken from the environment. It will be warm even when it is very cold outside. Mechanical impulsion - cold air intake by an air duct for heating and supply to the room.
Air heating is the most optimal for heating large industrial premises. And in chemical enterprises, only air is allowed to be used as a heating system.
Water heating
Not all production and storage facilities are suitable for a water heating system. Since for its device it is necessary to equip a boiler room, arrange a piping system, install heating radiators in the premises. In addition to these elements, it is still necessary to purchase pressure gauges, valves and other control devices. In order to maintain the operation of the heating system, the presence of specialists is necessary.
Water heating is of two types according to the principle of the device: one-pipe and two-pipe.
In the first type, it will not be possible to regulate the water temperature. Since all heating radiators are installed in series. And there is no way to turn off only one device.
In a two-pipe system, the temperature can be controlled. This can be done using thermostats that are installed on radiators in parallel.
The heating boiler serves as a source of heat in the water system. Boilers are divided according to the type of fuel: solid fuel, gas, electric, liquid fuel and combined. If the production room has a small area, then a furnace with a water circuit can be used.
The type of boiler should be chosen from the desires and possibilities. Not everyone has the ability to connect gas, so a gas boiler cannot be used. Many people choose solid fuel or diesel heating boilers.
Electric boilers are often used, but in small rooms. Since heating with electricity is not cheap.
Unforeseen situations often happen. And there may be any accidents in the electricity or gas supply. Therefore, it is desirable to have a backup version of the heating system.
Combined heating boilers are more expensive. Such devices can have several types of burners: gas-diesel, gas-wood and gas-electricity-diesel.
infrared heating
Infrared heating can be divided into two types: light and dark heaters.
In the first form, the gas is burned with a burner. And its surface temperature can be 900oC. The required radiation comes from a hot burner.
The second type of heater is radiators with reflectors. They are designed to direct radiant energy to the required areas. Dark infrared devices cannot heat up like light ones. The maximum heating temperature is 500°C. Such heaters differ in radiation, it is not so hard. Therefore, tubular heaters have a large scope.
The most convenient and economical heating is suspended radiant panels. Such panels work with the help of an intermediate coolant. It is made up of steam and water. Water can be heated in the device up to 60-120 ° C, and steam is heated up to 100-200.
Consider the benefits of radiant heating:
- Warm zones can be created in unheated rooms;
- Rapid space heating. Depending on the area, the approximate heating time is from 15 to 20 minutes;
- Since there is no need to check or repair pumps, replace filters and other elements that are in other heating systems, this factor allows you to save a lot;
- No loss of thermal energy;
- The floor is also heated, so it is an additional source of heating;
- Comfortable microclimate. The air does not dry out
Such heaters cannot be installed indoors: with a ceiling height of less than 4 m, in production, where radiation can affect the quality of products, as well as in rooms that have fire categories A and B.
The infrared heating system is easy to use and more economical than an air system. Infrared heaters do not spread dust, do not dry the air and create thermal zones in the room. But in those rooms where radiant heating cannot be used, an air system would be the best option.
Air heating is a method of heating rooms without the participation of a coolant. The implementation of this method of heating is possible both with the help of direct methods (heat gun, fan heater, Buleryan furnace), and with the help of traditional ones (, electric boilers, etc.).
Heating with direct heat sources is relevant for small industrial premises with one room, and heating with traditional heat sources is relevant for premises with several rooms. An air circulation pump is used for air injection.
For large facilities, such a method as air heating of industrial premises is one of the most economical and efficient heating methods.
The calculation of air heating depends on the type of heating scheme chosen and taking into account some nuances, but otherwise it differs little from the calculation methods when organizing other heating systems.
Schemes of air heating systems
Depending on where the heat source is located, possible air schemes are divided into two types:
- central system
- local system.
Local heating scheme
When the area of operation of the heating system extends to only one room, in which the heating center itself is located, the scheme is called the local scheme for air heating of industrial premises. The calculation and selection of the scheme are made depending on the specifics of the production facility, taking into account a number of operational requirements.
Central heating circuit
Another name for this scheme is channel. Its meaning lies in the fact that the air is heated to the desired temperature in the thermal center, and then supplied to the premises through the air ducts. Thermal installation can be placed both inside the building and outside.
Built according to the central type, in turn, they are recirculating, direct-flow, partially recirculating.
Recirculation system. Requires relatively low initial costs, operating costs are also low.
It is used in rooms where air circulation is allowed.
System with partial recirculation. It is a more flexible system, implemented due to mechanical impulses of air movement. It is able to work in different modes: with partial air replacement or complete. It can work in combination with ventilation units.
Straight line system. The use of such a system is relevant for premises in which explosive, toxic or flammable substances are released - in cases where the ingress of these substances into other premises is unacceptable.
Advantages and disadvantages of air systems
Air heating of industrial premises is the best way to heat large spaces, due to the fact that:
- It has a high heating rate. If we are talking about water heating of industrial premises, then only the exit of water to the radiators and its heating to an acceptable temperature takes at least 3-4 hours. In the case of air heating, the heating of the premises occurs very quickly - on average, already after 20 minutes from the start of the air heating system.
- Low cost of equipment and materials. in terms of their cost, they differ little from similar water devices, but the cost of wiring is ten times cheaper for the owners of the premises. This is explained by the fact that the organization of the heating system does not require the use of expensive heating radiators, pipes, taps and fittings. For wiring, aluminum sleeves and ventilation grilles are sufficient, the cost of which is ten times lower.
- Insensitivity to low temperatures. The heating system is not afraid of freezing in the event of a forced shutdown, so production facilities can be turned off without fear of defrosting pipes and radiators.
- The organization of air heating is often carried out together with ventilation and air conditioning systems.
- Ease of starting the system. To start air heating, there is no need for tedious setup of devices, since balancing occurs once at the first start. In the future, the issue of bleeding air masses is solved automatically.
Despite the abundance of advantages, the system has some disadvantages.
Here it should be said about the noise of the system, the occurrence of drafts and the need to use air ducts with a large diameter, which are often not economically feasible to hide under the ceiling.
Calculation of air heating
Before proceeding with the installation work, it is necessary to solve a number of important issues. In particular, air heating of industrial premises, the calculation for which is required, is carried out depending on:
- the amount of heat loss in each individual room;
- the material of the walls of the building and their thickness;
- the number of windows and their area;
- type and power of the heating device;
- the number of people who will work in the heated room;
- additional heat sources;
- the required amount of heated air;
- sections of air ducts;
- possible pressure losses in the system.
As a result of the analysis of these parameters, possible heat losses in kilowatts and the need for the amount of thermal energy for air heating of industrial premises are clarified. The calculation in the presence of these data is simple: it is required to compensate for the calculated losses of thermal energy by additional production.
As a rule, about 700 W of thermal energy is required for every 10 m2. If heat losses exceed the average values, then this figure can reach up to 1 kW for every 10 m2.
At the same time, for premises located in the northern regions, the calculation is carried out with an increased coefficient equal to 1.5-2.0.
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