Parsing the relative pronoun what. How to make a morphological analysis of a pronoun

The school regularly performs morphological analysis of various parts of speech. Students need not only to know the basic requirements for parsing, but also to be well versed in grammatical categories, be able to correctly identify them and immediately correctly attribute the word to the corresponding part of speech. Only in this way can the morphological analysis of the pronoun be done correctly. You should not consider the pronoun as a part of speech too easy to parse, giving it less attention. It should not be confused with adjectives, numerals, nouns and adverbs. Knowledge of the main features of the grammatical categories of pronouns, the nuances of parsing and the algorithm will help to make a morphological analysis without errors.

We do a morphological analysis of the pronoun: correctly, consistently, exactly
First of all, pay attention to the semantic load of the pronoun, its meaning in the text. Perform morphological analysis carefully, do not be distracted. Remember all the features of the analysis, analyze thoughtfully. Make initial notes on a draft. When the morphological analysis is fully completed, you have checked it and are sure of the result, you can rewrite everything to a clean copy.

Do not forget about the sequence of parsing: first you need to write out the word form, the initial form, invariable signs, then the grammatical categories that change, and the final point will be the analysis of the syntactic function of the pronoun in the sentence.

1. Make sure you have a real pronoun in front of you. Do not confuse them with nouns: the pronoun only indicates the subject, but does not name it specifically. Words like language units otherwise, in my opinion, in no way, where, it is important to distinguish from adverbs: they indicate a sign of an action, but do not designate it.
   
2. Distinguish pronouns from conjunctions. If in doubt, you need to find out the syntactic role of the analyzed word. The pronoun will perform a syntactic function, being one of the members of the sentence, indicating the subject, the sign of the action, and the union cannot be a member of the sentence.
   
3. Be sure to consider individual requirements to morphological analysis. Every school and university has special guidelines, where there is information about the accepted standards for all types of language parsing. Some details may vary. For example, in D.E. Rosenthal’s manual, a group of pronouns is called pronominal adverbs, and in a number of school textbooks it also has the name of a pronoun-adverb. You will need to morphologically parse the pronoun as required by the standards of your educational institution. When entering a university, it is also necessary to familiarize yourself with these standards, otherwise an analysis performed differently may be considered incorrect.
   
4. Despite the apparent simplicity of parsing the pronoun, associated with a small number of grammatical categories, difficulties can arise almost immediately. Carefully consider the definition of the initial form of the pronoun, otherwise you will continue to conduct an erroneous analysis in the future, indicating the constant features of a completely different word.
   • Not all pronouns have an initial form. For example, the reflexive pronoun itself does not have a nominative case, although it varies by case. Therefore, it has no initial form.
     
   • Remember about suppletivism, which is typical for the declension of personal pronouns (that is, the whole word changes, and not just its ending, suffix, etc.). So, when determining the initial form of the pronoun me, you must write down the word “I”, and it is on it that you analyze, denoting permanent grammatical categories.
     
   • There are a number of traditional mistakes that students make regularly when making a morphological analysis of a pronoun. Make it a rule, when considering a word, to return to the beginning. For example, they often incorrectly determine the initial form of the pronoun, because they mistakenly attribute it to another group. Suppose, when you see the word “nothing”, you can automatically write “nothing”, since you took the unit for an adjective pronoun. Since it is actually a noun pronoun, the correct initial form for it is "nothing". In order not to be mistaken, check once again which group the pronoun belongs to, and return to the initial form: make sure that it is defined correctly.
     
5. It is important to memorize all groups in relation to other parts of speech in order to make a morphological analysis of the pronoun accurately.
   • Pronouns-nouns are often called in the school curriculum simply "pronouns", omitting their relationship with nouns. Even if this is your custom, remember that these pronouns correspond to nouns so as not to confuse them with other groups. Words from this group indicate the subject, but do not name it. In a sentence, they are most often subjects, objects. The group includes relative, interrogative, personal, indefinite, negative pronouns and the reflexive pronoun itself.
     
   • Pronouns-adjectives indicate a feature of an object, but do not designate it specifically. In sentences, they usually perform the syntactic role of a definition. Adjective pronouns include relative, interrogative, possessive, indefinite and negative pronouns.
     
   • Adverb pronouns do not name the sign of the action, but point to it. They become circumstances in sentences. The group of pronouns-adverbs includes indefinite, negative, relative, interrogative and possessive pronouns.
     
   • Numeral pronouns indicate a number, quantity, but do not name it. They can be part of the subject, object in the sentence. These include negative, relative, indefinite and interrogative pronouns.
     
6. Learn to distinguish between pronouns of different categories, not to confuse them:
   • personal: I, you, he, we, you, they;
     
   • reflexive: oneself;
     
   • indefinite: something, someone, something;
     
   • negative: nothing, nobody;
     
   • possessive: mine, in my opinion, ours. your;
     
   • relative: how much, who, what, where;
     
   • interrogative: which, where, when.
     
   Pay attention to relative and interrogative pronouns: they can have the same form, but are used differently in sentences. Interrogative pronouns refer to a question, while relative pronouns refer to something. For example:
   • What will you watch? (interrogative pronoun).
     
   • My friend doesn't understand what I like about him so much (relative pronoun).
     

Remember all the features of grammatical categories, carefully analyze each pronoun in order to avoid mistakes.

The sequence of morphological analysis of the pronoun
Follow the algorithm to correctly morphologically parse the pronoun.

1. Write out the word form of the pronoun - this is the word in the form in which it is used in the text.
   
2. Determine the initial form of the pronoun by putting it in Nominative case, singular, masculine, if any. Consider the meaning of the word, its correlation with other parts of speech.
   
3. Find out which group the pronoun belongs to.
   
4. Determine and write down the category of the pronoun.
   
5. If your pronoun is personal, you should mark its face. This sign is permanent.
   
6. Reflect all the non-permanent features of the pronoun that it has:
   • case;
     
   • number;
     
   • genus.
     
   Use the wording "the pronoun is used in the form":
   
7. Write down which part of the sentence the pronoun is.
   

Perform morphological analysis consistently and carefully, try not to confuse groups and categories of pronouns, correctly identify all grammatical categories.

Question Morphological analysis pronouns. given by the author European the best answer is Something tells me that you are wrong in your reasoning.
Something is a pronoun.
I Points to an object, but does not name it: what? something.
N. f. - something.
II Morphological features: constant - indefinite; inconstant - in the nominative case.
III (What?) something (underline with one line, since this is the subject).
Me is a pronoun.
I Points to an object, but does not name it: to whom? to me.
N. f. - I.
II Morphological features: permanent - personal, 1 person, singular; inconstant - in the dative case.
III (To whom?) to me (underline with a dotted line, since this is an addition)
You are a pronoun.
I Points to an object, but does not name it: who? you.
N. f. - you.
II Morphological features: permanent - personal, 2 persons, singular; inconstant - in the nominative case.
III (Who?) you (underline with one line, since this is the subject).
(In) their (arguments) - pronoun.
I Indicates the sign of the object by belonging, but does not name it: in whose reasoning? their own.
N. f. - mine.
II Morphological features: permanent - possessive; inconstant - in plural prepositional(gender in the plural of pronouns-adjectives is not determined).
III (In whose reasoning?) Your own (underline with a wavy line, since this is a definition).

Answer from pregnant[newbie]
Personal: I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they, you.
Indefinite: someone, someone, anyone, anyone, someone and all pronouns formed from the stem of interrogatives by adding particles - that, - either, - anything, something -, not -.
Reflexive: yourself (in oblique cases).
Possessive: mine, yours, mine, his, hers, theirs, ours, yours.
Indicative: that, this, such, such, so much, there, here, here, there, here, from there, from here, so, then, then, therefore, because, so much.
Interrogative: who, what, what, what, whose, which, how much, where, where, from where, how, when, why, why, why, how much.
Relative: who, what, what, what, which, how much, where, where, from where, how, when, why, why, why, how much.
Negative: nobody, nothing, none, no one, nowhere, nowhere, nowhere, never, nothing, nothing, nothing, no one, nowhere, nowhere, nowhere, once, no reason, no reason.
Determinative: all, everyone, himself, most, each, different, any, different, sometimes, always, everywhere, everywhere, from everywhere.
Some of the pronouns listed in the list in some textbooks refer to adverbs (pronominal adverbs)
1. Indicative: so, there, here, from here, here, there, then, from there.
2. Indefinite: somewhere, somewhere, sometime, somehow, somewhere, somewhere, somehow.
3. Interrogative: how, where, when, why, why, where, why, from where.
4. Relative - these are the same interrogative ones, but in the function of allied words: how, where, when, why, why.
5. Negative: nowhere, nowhere, never, no way, nowhere, nowhere.
6. Determinative: everywhere, everywhere, always, in every way, in every possible way, in a different way, in a different way, a lot.
Ranks of pronouns by grammatical features
Pronouns-nouns include: all personal pronouns, reflexive self, interrogative-relative who and what and negative and indefinite formed from them (no one, nothing, no one, nothing, someone, something, someone, etc.).
Pronouns-adjectives include all possessive, all definitive, demonstrative this, that, such, such, this, that, interrogative-relative which, which, whose and negative and indefinite ones formed from them (none, nobody, some, some, some then etc.).
Pronouns-numerals include as many pronouns as those formed from them (a few, some, etc.). The word has nothing to do with adverbs.
Parsing Pronouns
Parsing personal pronouns:
(c) them - noun pronoun, initial form they;
permanent signs: personal, 3rd person, pl. h.
inconstant: T. p.

(saw) you - noun pronoun, initial form you;
permanent features: personal, 2nd person, sing. h.
non-permanent signs: common. Rod., R. p.
syntactic role: complement.
he is a noun pronoun, initial form he;
permanent signs: personal, 3rd person.
signs: units. h, husband r., I. p.

Parsing the pronoun yourself:
(about) itself a pronoun-noun, the initial form - itself;
constant signs: recurrent;
non-permanent signs: P. p;
syntactic role: complement.
Analysis of the pronouns who, what and derivatives from them:
no one (did not come) - noun pronoun, initial form no one;
constant signs: negative, husband. r., units hours;
non-permanent signs: Im. P.;
syntactic role: subject.
what (are you reading?) – pronoun-noun, initial form what;
constant signs: interrogative, cf. r., units hours;
non-permanent signs: V. p.;
syntactic role: complement.

Parsing plan

1. Part of speech. General value.
2. Morphological features.
   1. Initial form (nominative singular).
   2. Permanent signs: a) category, b) person (for personal pronouns).
   3. Variable signs: a) case, b) number (if any), c) gender (if any).
3. syntactic role.

Sample parsing

To someone 3 they brought a casket from the master. (I. Krylov.)

448 . Disassemble any two pronouns (orally and in writing). What style of text did you get when parsing?

1. There will be a holiday on our street. 4 2. He who does not govern himself will not instruct the other. 3. Every sandpiper praises his swamp. 4. What is the land, such is the bread.

449 . Read. Title the text. Write down the pronouns and analyze them in writing. Write off by inserting the missing letters and denoting the parts of the words in which the inserted orthograms are located.

There was still a mile to go to the station. It was quiet all around, so quiet that, according to the zhu (zh, zhzh) k.. mara, one could follow his flight. A deep gorge blackened to the left, behind it and in front of us dark (?) blue v.. ridges of mountains, pitted with m.. ridges, covered with layers of snow, p.. thrust into the pale.. m sky .., which still retained the last o..shine z..ri. In the dark ..m sky, the stars began to flicker, and strangely, it seemed to me .. that they were much higher than ours to the north ... On both sides of the roads .. rumbled bare, black ..rnye stones; here and there bushes peeped out from under the snow, but not a single dry leaf swayed, and it was merry to hear, amidst this dead sleep of nature, the snorting of a tired soil (?) troika and the uneven jingling of a Russian bell.

(M. Lermontov.)

450 . The writing. Consider a reproduction of the painting by E. V. Syro-myatnikova “The First Spectators”. The recipient of your essay is a classmate. You can describe depicted in the picture; you can write reasoning what exactly did you like about the picture. Or you can compose a story "How I accidentally ended up visiting the artist."

Consider carefully the boys, the room in which the artist lives; the view that an open window opens up to you. Is it possible to guess what is depicted by the artist in the picture?

Scheme of morphological analysis of the pronoun

1. Select a word form from the text. Name the part of speech.

2. Indicate the initial form - the nominative singular.

3. Having posed the question, determine the general categorical and grammatical meaning.

4. Determine ranks of pronouns:

a). in relation to other parts of speech: pronoun-noun, pronoun-adjective, pronoun-numeral;

b). lexical and grammatical category (indicate the meaning);

in). by education: derivative or non-derivative (name the method of formation).

5. Characterize morphological features:

a). person (for personal);

b). case (specify the means of expression);

in). number (specify the means of expression);

G). gender (if any).

6. Characterize syntactic features:

a). type of connection with other words;

b). role in the proposal.

Analysis Samples

He was tormented all the time some anxiety, to him all the time a voice was heard calling somewhere, and he wandered through life, not knowing peace ...

(Jack London)

1. To him - pronoun.

2. N. f. - he.

3. Answers the question: to whom?

4. Ranks of pronouns:

b). personal: indicates a person who is not participating in the speech, that is, the one who is being discussed.

in). non-derivative.

5. Morphological features:

a). 3rd person;

b). in D. p .: OPS - ending - to him; DPS expressions of the category of case - suppletivism of the basics (he - to him); SS expressions of the category of case - verb control: heard (to whom?) to him;

to him; SS expressions of the category of case - verb control: heard (to whom?) to him;

6. Syntactic features:

a). heard(to whom?) to him: connection - verb control, the verb controls the pronoun, putting it in the form of D. p .;

b). in the proposal is an addition.

1. Some - pronoun.

2. N. f. - some.

3. Answers the question: which? General categorical-grammatical meaning - indicates the sign of the subject.

4. Ranks of pronouns:

b). indefinite: indicates an object unknown or inaccurately known to the speaker;

in). derivative: formed from the corresponding interrogative (relative) pronoun using the postfix -to: some- then← what.

The method of formation is morphological, postfixal [Tikhonov A. N.].

5. Morphological features:

and I; SS - noun form. anxiety

and I; SS - noun form. anxiety(noun. f. r. stands in the form Im. p., singular);

6. Syntactic features:

a). anxiety(which?) some:

1. He - pronoun.

2. N. f. - he.

3. Answers the question: who? General categorical-grammatical meaning - indicates an object (person).

4. Ranks of pronouns:

a). pronoun-noun;

b). personal: indicates a person not participating in the speech;

in). non-derivative.

5. Morphological features:

a). 3rd person;

Ø ; DPS - suppletivism of the basics (he - to him);

in). in units hours: OPS - null ending Ø ;

6. Syntactic features:

a). he wandered: connection with the predicate traveled

After the story which happened to me on the mountainside, I for a long time he could not come to his senses. I confess I was expecting different interchanges.

1. Which - pronoun.

2. N. f. - which the .

3. In context, answers the question: which? General categorical-grammatical meaning - indicates the subject.

4. Ranks of pronouns:

a). the pronoun-adjective in the context is used in the meaning of the pronoun-noun;

b). relative: binds subordinate clause with the main one as part of a complex subordinate;

in). non-derivative.

5. Morphological features:

b). in I. p .: OPS - ending - and I; SS expressions of the category of case - verb control: happened (which?) which;

in). in units hours: OPS - ending - and I; SS expressions of the category of gender and number - the form of the noun. story in the main sentence;

6. Syntactic features:

a). which happened: connection with the predicate happened- coordination, formal agreement in gender and number;

b). in the sentence is the subject.

1. I - pronoun.

2. N. f. - I .

3. Answers the question: who? General categorical-grammatical meaning - indicates an object (person).

4. Ranks of pronouns:

a). pronoun-noun;

b). personal: indicates the speaker;

in). non-derivative.

5. Morphological features:

a). 1st person;

b). in I. p .: OPS - zero ending Ø ; DPS - suppletivism (I - me'-I, mn-oh), alternation e//ø, n’//n;

in). units hours: OPS - zero ending Ø ;

6. Syntactic features:

a). I (not) could: connection with the predicate could- coordination, formal agreement in person and number;

b). in the sentence is the subject.

1. Other - pronoun.

2. N. f. - different .

3. Answers the question: which? General categorical-grammatical meaning - indicates a sign.

4. Ranks of pronouns

a). pronoun-adjective;

b). definitive: indicates a generalized attribute of an object;

in). non-derivative.

5. Morphological features:

b). in R. p .: OPS - ending - oh; SS - noun form. interchanges

in). in units hours: OPS - ending - oh; SS - noun form. interchanges(noun. f. r. stands in the form R. p., singular);

6. Syntactic features:

a). interchanges(which?) different: connection - agreement, the pronoun agrees with the noun in gender, number and case;

b). in the sentence is the agreed definition.

DPS is an additional syntagmatic means.

OPS is the main paradigmatic tool.

SS is a syntagmatic means.