What is suffrage?
Suffrage- this is 1) the right to elect and be elected; 2) the rules governing elections, ensuring the participation of citizens in governing the country directly or through their representatives
Suffrage is active and passive.
Passive suffrage is the right to be elected (to the State Duma from the age of 21, to the presidency from the age of 35)
Active suffrage - the right to choose (comes from the age of 18)
Principles of Participation in Elections
Disenfranchised:
Persons recognized by the court as incompetent;
Persons who are in places of deprivation of liberty by a court verdict.
Principles of participation in elections:
1) universal suffrage - everyone can vote, except for the categories of citizens specified in the laws;
2) equal suffrage - none of the voters receives advantages, each has and casts one vote, while official, property status, etc. do not matter.
3) direct suffrage - the voter votes in elections for or against candidates directly;
5) voluntary participation - no one has the right to force a citizen to participate or not to participate in elections against his will.
Electoral qualifications
Qualification– a condition for allowing or restricting participation in the exercise of rights
Electoral qualification- the conditions stipulated by law that a citizen must satisfy in order to obtain the right to vote or be elected.
What are the electoral qualifications:
1) age;
2) settlement;
3) property;
4) educational;
5) by nationality;
6) by gender, etc.
Electoral systems
Electoral system(in a broad sense) - the procedure for organizing and holding elections to representative institutions or an individual leading representative.
Electoral system = suffrage + electoral procedure (electoral process).
Electoral systems:
To determine the number of mandates (seats) of a particular party, an electoral meter is determined - the smallest number of votes required to elect one deputy. In the Russian Federation, only those party lists that received at least 7% of the votes are allowed to distribute deputy mandates.
2) majoritarian system - a candidate is elected who receives the majority of votes in this constituency, while constituencies are single-member (that is, only one deputy can be elected)
3) mixed (majority-proportional)
Features of the proportional system:
1) the territory of the country is most often declared a single constituency;
2) political parties, their unions (electoral blocs) put forward lists of their candidates;
5) mandates are distributed strictly in proportion to the number of votes cast.
Features of the majority system:
1) the entire territory of the country is divided into territorial units - constituencies;
2) most often only one deputy is elected from each constituency (single-mandate constituencies), sometimes two deputies (multi-mandate constituencies);
3) electoral districts should have, if possible, the same number of voters;
5) the candidate who receives the majority of votes in this constituency is considered elected.
Types of majority system:
1) absolute majority system (the candidate who wins 50% + 1 one vote is considered the winner) [Australia, RF];
2) the relative majority system (the winner is the candidate who received more votes than any of the other candidates) [USA, Canada];
3) a qualified majority system (i.e., a predetermined majority, usually 2/3, 3/4).
The majority system is practically the only one possible in the election of one official, for example, the president. Voting in one and two rounds is possible. Only two candidates who received the largest number of votes in the first round participate in the second round.
In the elections of the President of the Russian Federation, the majority system of an absolute majority is used.
Elections of the President of the Russian Federation are held in a single federal district, which includes the entire territory of the country. If no candidate can get an absolute majority in the first round, then a second round is scheduled, in which the struggle is between the two candidates who received the majority of votes in the first round.
Advantages and disadvantages of electoral systems
1. Proportional electoral system
Advantages: 1) minorities can be widely represented, for which it is enough to organize their own parties; 1) allows you to present a real (fair) picture of political life.
Disadvantages: 1) elected leaders of parties not related to the area, living in the center; 2) deputies are responsible not so much to the people as to their party, weak connection between deputies and voters; 3) in countries where there are dozens of large and small parties, the elected representative body is often fragmented into many deputy groups, so it becomes difficult to form a government;
2. Majoritarian electoral system
Advantages: close connection between deputies and voters, because each deputy represents his region
Disadvantages: 1) deputies pleasing to the authorities or representatives of the authorities are elected; 2) a party that lost the elections in a single-mandate constituency (gained 49% of the votes) may not be represented in parliament at all, i.e. a significant proportion of voters who voted for non-winning candidates remain unrepresented; 3) a party that received fewer votes than its rivals may be represented in parliament by a majority of seats; 4) two parties that have received the same or a close number of votes nominate an unequal number of candidates to the authorities.
Electoral commissions
Electoral commissions organize elections, control their legality and count votes.
1) Precinct election commissions
2) Territorial election commissions (district, city)
3) District election commissions (there are no presidential elections)
4) Election commissions of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation
5) Central Electoral Commission
Homework
1. What is characteristic of both majoritarian and proportional electoral systems?
1) nomination of candidates by lists of political parties
2) the creation of single-member constituencies
3) formation of a single nationwide constituency
2. The parliament of the country of P. is formed from representatives of the main political parties that have been able to overcome the seven percent electoral threshold. Select one of the signs below that is characteristic of the electoral system of country P.
1) Deputies represent the entire spectrum of parties existing in the country.
2) Seats in Parliament are distributed according to the number of votes that the party received in the elections.
4) Political parties do not play a significant role in the nomination of candidates.
1. The Constitution of the Republic of Belarus does not establish citizenship of the Republic of Belarus among the conditions for the right to vote:
a) yes; b) no.
2. Write down the missing.
Types of electoral systems
3. Write down the missing.
A special form of voting of voters, during which they choose one or another option for answering the question of state or public life - ....
4. Match the elements of the two sets.
Citizens of the Republic of Belarus have the right to be elected Age
A) to the deputies of local councils
B) to the deputies of the House of Representatives of the National Assembly of the Republic of Belarus
C) Member of the Council of the Republic of the National Assembly of the Republic of Belarus
2) from 18 years old 3) from 21 years old
5. Match the elements of the two sets.
Election date Who appoints
A) to local Councils of Deputies B) to the President of the Republic of Belarus C) to the House of Representatives D) to the Council of the Republic 1) to the President of the Republic of Belarus
2) House of Representatives
6. Define the excess.
Voting for an electoral bloc; one-party system; proportional electoral system; the dependence of the number of seats in parliament on the number of votes.
7. Match the elements of the two sets.
A) Majoritarian system of relative majority
B) Majoritarian system of absolute majority
C) Qualified Majority Majoritarian System
1) A requirement to win a number of votes that is significantly more than half - for example, 2/3 of the votes of the total number of voters in the respective constituency
2) The winner is the candidate or party that collected the largest number of votes in this constituency (maybe less than 50%)
3) The winner is the candidate or party that receives more than 50% of the votes in the elections (for example, 50% + 1 vote)
8. Establish a sequence of steps in the electoral process.
1) Election campaign.
2) Compilation of lists of voters.
3) Nomination and registration of candidates.
4) Formation of constituencies and precincts; formation of election commissions.
5) Setting the date of the elections.
6) Voting.
7) The final stage of the elections is the publication of the election results in official publications.
8) Establishment of election results.
9. The Parliament of country "P" is formed from representatives of the main political parties that were able to overcome the 7 percent electoral threshold. Specify another characteristic feature of the electoral system of the country "P":
1) deputies represent the entire spectrum of parties existing in the country;
2) seats in parliament are distributed in accordance with the number of votes received by the party in the elections;
3) voters vote first of all for the personalities of the candidates, and only then for their political program;
4) political parties do not play a significant role in the nomination of candidates.
10. Classify concepts and terms according to your criteria:
1) Citizenship of the Republic of Belarus by birth.
2) Persons held by sentence in places of deprivation of liberty.
3) President of Germany.
4) Residence requirement (residence in the Republic of Belarus for at least 10 years).
5) Citizenship of the Republic of Belarus.
6) Age limit (from 18 years old).
7) The President of the Republic of France.
8) President of the Italian Republic.
9) President of the Republic of Belarus.
10) Citizens recognized by the court as incompetent.
11) Age limit (at least 35 years).
Criteria: _ Group of concepts: Criteria: _
Group of concepts: Criteria:_____
A18. The parliament of the country of P. is formed from representatives of the main political parties that have been able to overcome the seven percent electoral threshold. Choose from the signs below one more characteristic of the electoral system of country P.
1) Deputies represent the entire spectrum of parties existing in the country
Seats in parliament are distributed according to the number of votes that the party received in the elections.
4) Political parties do not play a significant role in the nomination of candidates
A19. Are the following judgments about the elections of the highest authorities in the Russian Federation correct?
B. Elections of deputies of the State Duma are carried out on an alternative basis.
1) Only A is true
Only B is true
3) Both statements are correct
4) Both judgments are wrong
A20. The main feature of the rules of law, unlike other social norms, is that they
Are established by the state
2) Build up over the course of several generations
3) Regulate relations in the sphere of power
4) Establish justice
A21. It is a civil offense
1) Giving a bribe to an official
2) Missing classes without a good reason
4) Violation of traffic rules
A22. The highest legislative power in the Russian Federation belongs to
1) Government of the Russian Federation
2) Administration of the President of the Russian Federation
3) Supreme Court
Federal Assembly
A23. What is an example of a family relationship?
1) A mother and daughter won a lottery prize
2) A father and son were fined for crossing the street in the wrong place
The couple filed for divorce
4) The son got a job in a family firm
A24. Are the following judgments about the mandatory terms of an employment contract correct?
A. The mandatory terms of the employment contract include an agreement on the work and rest regime of the employee.
B. The mandatory terms of the employment contract include an agreement on a probationary period.
Only A is true
2) Only B is true
3) Both statements are correct
4) Both judgments are wrong
Control final testing on the course "Social Science - Grade 10"
Option 2.
A1. Which of the following is a feature of a post-industrial society?
5) Religious nature of culture
6) Transition from natural to commodity production
7) Completion of the Industrial Revolution
8) Development of information technologies
A2. Human social needs include the need for
6) Communication
7) Self-preservation
8) Saving offspring
A3. Are the following statements about a person correct?
A. Man adapts to the environment, which determines his way of life.
B. A person has a value attitude towards reality.
5) Only A is true
6) Only B is true
7) Both judgments are correct
8) Both judgments are wrong
A4. Common to scientific and artistic creativity are
5) The desire to comprehend reality
6) Validity of assumptions
7) Striving for authenticity
8) Formation of a sense of beauty
A5 In order to support the domestic producer, the government of the country has limited the import of foreign products and meat. What areas of public life does this fact belong to?
5) Economic and social
6) Political and economic
7) Social and spiritual
8) Economic and spiritual
A6. Are the following statements about culture correct?
A. Material and spiritual cultures are weakly connected with each other.
B. A society can exist without creating a culture.
5) Only A is true
6) Only B is true
7) Both judgments are correct
8) Both judgments are wrong
A7. The function of the state in a market economy is
5) Increasing the number of private enterprises
6) Maintain market price stability
7) Exchange regulation
8) Ensuring the protection of property rights
A8. If economic problems are solved equally by the market and the state, then the economy is
5) Command
6) Market
7) Traditional
8) Mixed
A9. Promoting competition among producers
5) Decrease in labor productivity
6) Concentration of production
7) Freedom of enterprise
8) Strengthening monopolistic tendencies in the economy
A10. Consider the diagram "The structure of incomes of families in state D". What conclusion can be drawn from this diagram?
5) State pensions, allowances, scholarships take the second place in the structure of family incomes of the state D.
6) Incomes of sole owners of firms, interest income and dividends make up a fourth of the family income structure of state D.
7) Dividends are a more significant element in the income structure of families in the state of D. than state pensions, allowances, scholarships
8) Incomes of sole proprietors of firms occupy a more significant place in the income structure of families in the State D. than interest income
A11. Are the following statements about a market economy correct?
A. Market relations create the possibility of expanding the boundaries of democratic freedoms in society.
B. The market economy is interested in maintaining a variety of forms of ownership
5) Only A is true
6) Only B is true
7) Both judgments are correct
8) Both judgments are wrong
A12. The appointment of a former minister to the position of CEO of a large state-owned concern illustrates
5) Social mobility
6) Social stratification
7) Social inequality
8) Social adaptation
A13. Legal norms as opposed to other social norms
5) Rely on the power of public opinion
6) Provided by the power of state coercion
7) Supported by moral consciousness
8) Are mastered in the process of socialization
A14. A resident of Germany collects funny and funny surnames. There are more than 5.5 thousand surnames in its collection. That's an example
5) Law-breaking behavior
6) Positive deviant behavior
7) Customary behavior
8) Negative deviant behavior
A15. Are the following statements about social norms correct?
A. Political norms govern the relationship between the individual and power.
B. Observance of religious norms is supported by the moral consciousness of believers.
5) Only A is true
6) Only B is true
7) Both judgments are correct
8) Both judgments are wrong
A16. What are the institutions of the political system?
5) Political organizations, the main of which is the state
6) The totality of relations and forms of interaction between social groups and individuals
7) Norms and traditions governing the political life of society
8) A set of political ideas that are different in content
A17. The rule of law distinguishes
5) Development of cultural-national autonomies
6) The presence of an extensive system of courts of various levels
7) Formation of an effective system of law enforcement agencies
8) The rule of law, enshrining the rights and freedoms of citizens
A18. In the state of Kazakhstan, the rights and freedoms of citizens are guaranteed by law, and a wide range of political views is represented in the media. What political regime has developed in the state of K.?
5) Democratic
8) Dictatorial
A19. Are the following statements about citizens' rights correct?
A. A citizen of the Russian Federation who has reached the age of 18 has the right to participate in a referendum.
B. A citizen who has been declared incompetent by a court cannot take part in elections.
5) Only A is true
6) Only B is true
7) Both judgments are correct
8) Both judgments are wrong
A20. The current Constitution of the Russian Federation was adopted
5) Federation Council
6) State Duma
7) State Council
A21. One of the types of punishment is
5) Administrative fine
6) Warning
7) Imprisonment
8) Announcement of a reprimand
A22. The foundations of the social system of the Russian Federation are legally fixed
5) Civil Code of the Russian Federation
6) Universal Declaration of Human Rights
7) the Constitution of the Russian Federation
8) Labor Code of the Russian Federation
A23. Citizen S. Ordered a wedding dress at the atelier. On the eve of the deadline for the execution of the order, she received a call from the atelier and, apologizing, was told that their seamstress was ill, so they could not sew her dress in time. Citizen S. filed a lawsuit against the studio. Articles of what code will be the basis for the consideration of the case in court?
5) Labor
6) Administrative
7) Financial
8) Civil
A24. Are the following statements about consumer rights correct?
A. Consumer rights include control over the production and distribution of goods.
B. Consumer rights include the definition of a market for goods.
5) Only A is true
6) Only B is true
7) Both judgments are correct
8) Both judgments are wrong
2) solidarity
4) depreciation
5. Factors affecting the level of voter turnout in elections include:
1) age of voters
2) the social status of voters
3) composition of candidates
4) all of the above
1) electorate
2) referendum
3) election campaign
4) suffrage
7. The parliament of the country of M. is formed from representatives of the main political parties that have been able to overcome the five percent electoral threshold. An example is given
8. The parliament of the country P. is formed from representatives of the main political parties that were able to gain a majority of votes - this is an example
9. Russia is characterized by ...
Are the following statements correct?
A. The candidate is obliged to collect and submit signature sheets with signatures of voters in his support.
B. A candidate is not required to make public his political program before the start of the election.
1) Only A is true;
2) only B is true;
3) both judgments are true;
4) both judgments are wrong.
Part C
Option number 2
Part A
1. Define suffrage. Describe direct and indirect suffrage.
2. Define electoral systems. Describe the proportional electoral system. Can an electoral system be mixed?
3. Name the principles of suffrage.
Part B
Find in the list below the forms of political activity of citizens.
1) watching a TV show on political topics
2) leadership of a political party
3) participation in a referendum
4) participation in rallies and demonstrations
5) expression of sympathy for the victims of political repression
6) fundraising for the famine relief fund
2. The right to be elected to government bodies is an example
1) active suffrage
2) direct suffrage
3) passive suffrage
4) indirect suffrage
3 . Granting active suffrage to all adult citizens of the country, as well as passive suffrage to all citizens who meet additional requirements (electoral qualifications) - the principle:
1) universality of elections
2) equal suffrage
3) direct elections
Non-participation of voters in elections
2) solidarity
3) depreciation
5. Factors affecting the level of voter turnout in elections include:
1) the social status of voters
2) age of voters
3) composition of candidates
4) all of the above.
5) referendum;
6) electorate;
7) election campaign;
8) suffrage.
7. The parliament of the country M. is formed from candidates for deputies who have collected more than 50% of the votes. An example is given
1) proportional electoral system
2) majoritarian electoral system
8. Country P’s parliament is made up of representatives of major political parties that have been able to pass the 7% electoral threshold – this is an example
1) Deputies represent the entire spectrum of parties existing in the country.
2) Seats in parliament are distributed according to the number of votes that the party received in the elections
4) Political parties do not play a significant role in the distribution of seats in parliament.
9. Russia is characterized by ...
1) majoritarian electoral system;
2) proportional electoral system;
3) mixed electoral system.
Are the following statements correct?
A. The candidate is not obliged to collect and submit signature sheets with signatures of voters in his support.
B. The candidate must make public his political program before the start of the election.
1) Only A is true;
2) only B is true;
3) both judgments are true;
4) both judgments are wrong
Part C
Give a detailed answer to the question.
Describe the electoral process in Russia. Give examples.
Bibliography:
1. Vazhenin A.G. Social science, 432c., M., Academy, 2011
2. School dictionary of social studies 10-11 cells / Bogolyubov LN, Averyanov Yu.I. M., Enlightenment 2006
Practical work
Basic constitutional rights and obligations
Citizens in Russia
Target: generalize knowledge on the topic, repeat concepts related to the topic, apply knowledge on the topic in the course of solving practical tasks.
The student must know
The concept of human rights
International and Russian documents securing human rights
Types of human rights and obligations
Be able to:
Determine the types of rights and obligations of a person
Determine the degree of equality of people in society
Option number 1
Part A
Part B
The main constitutional rights and obligations of citizens in Russia are legally enshrined in
1) Civil Code of the Russian Federation
2) Universal Declaration of Human Rights
3) the Constitution of the Russian Federation
4) Labor Code of the Russian Federation
The Constitution of the Russian Federation does not contain
1) the powers of the head of the Government of the Russian Federation;
2) principles of Russian legal proceedings
3) rights and freedoms of man and citizen
4) principles of national policy of the state
Relate.
HUMAN RIGHTS GROUPS EXAMPLES
A) personal. 1. Right to association
B) political. 2. Right to health care
C) Social 3. The right to privacy
In the store, the guards brutally beat a petty thief while detaining him. These actions violated
1) personal rights
2) cultural rights
3) political rights
4) socio-economic rights
5. Every citizen of the Russian Federation has the right to education. This right is enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation and applies to:
1) cultural rights
2) political rights
3) socio-economic rights
4) personal rights
Find the constitutional obligations of citizens of the Russian Federation in the list below.
1) get special education
2) resolve disputes in court
3) attend rallies and meetings
4) pay taxes and fees
7. Are the following statements about the constitutional duties of citizens correct?
A. Defense of the fatherland is a constitutional duty.
B. Constitutional obligations must be fulfilled by citizens, regardless of their social status.
1) Only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both statements are correct
4) both judgments are wrong
Answer the test "Yes / No"
1) The Russian Federation is a welfare state, but its policy cannot guarantee the creation of conditions that ensure a decent life for citizens.
2) Everyone has the right to privacy.
3) Citizens have the right to gather for rallies, processions, pickets at any time and in any place.
4) Citizens have the right to own land in private ownership.
5) No one may be arbitrarily deprived of a home.
6) Everyone has the right to free pre-school and school education.
7) A person suspected of committing a crime is considered guilty from the moment charges are brought.
8) Everyone has the right to freedom of conscience
9) Every citizen is obliged to pay taxes and protect the Russian Federation.
10) A person, his rights and freedoms are the highest value in the state
Part C
Document analysis. Statistical data "Equality of rights for men and women in modern Russia"
Option number 2
Part A
1. Define the concept of human rights. What documents enshrine human rights?
2. Using the Constitution of the Russian Federation, fill in the table.
3. Explain the main responsibilities of a citizen of the Russian Federation
1) elections are universal and equal
2) the winner is the candidate who receives the majority in his constituency
2. What is characteristic of both majoritarian and proportional electoral systems?
1) nomination of candidates by lists of political parties
2) creation of single-member constituencies
3) formation of a single nationwide constituency
4. The parliament of the country of P. is formed from representatives of the main political parties that have been able to overcome the seven percent electoral threshold. Select one of the signs below that is characteristic of the electoral system of country P.
1) Deputies represent the entire spectrum of parties existing in the country.
2) Seats in Parliament are distributed according to the number of votes that the party received in the elections.
4) Political parties do not play a significant role in the nomination of candidates.
5. What is characteristic of an electoral system of a democratic type?
1) candidates must differ in their programs and ideological attitudes
2) candidates must not provide information to the election commission about the sources of their income
3) candidates must have a certain property qualification
4) voters, in addition to the age qualification, must have an educational qualification
6. Which of the following is an example of a mixed electoral system?
1) One half of the composition of the parliament of the country D. is elected by the majority system, the other half - by proportional representation.
2) US Congressmen are elected from multi-member constituencies with an equal number of residents.
3) In Australia, the winner of the election is the candidate who receives 50% + 1 vote.
4) In France, in the elections of deputies of parliament in the first round of voting, an absolute majority system is used, in the second - a relative majority.
7. The electoral system of a democratic type is distinguished by
8. A distinctive feature of the majoritarian electoral system is
9. Elections of deputies of the legislative assembly were held in the country. 450 deputies were elected. What additional information would allow us to conclude that the elections were held under a mixed electoral system?
10. Which of the following situations characterizes a democratic election procedure?
1) before visiting the polling station, a serviceman is obliged to notify the higher authorities of his choice
2) citizens convicted by a court verdict do not participate in voting
3) a citizen in case of departure on a business trip is deprived of the opportunity to take part in elections
eleven. . Are the following judgments about the shortcomings of the majoritarian electoral system correct?
A. A significant part of the voters in the country may remain unrepresented in government.
B. As a rule, not the whole range of political parties and movements is represented in the country's parliament.
12. Are the following judgments about the referendum correct?
B. The referendum initiative can only come from the head of state.
13. What is a mandatory requirement for an electoral system in a democratic society? Write the corresponding numbers in ascending order.
1) property qualification
2) non-alternative elections
3) qualification of citizenship
14. Establish a correspondence between the types of electoral systems and their specific characteristics: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
Enter the answer you received in the table, and then transfer the resulting sequence of letters to the answer sheet (without spaces or other symbols).
Option 1
1-4
2-3
3-4
4-2
5-2
6-3
7-1
8-2
9-1
10-1
11-1
12-2
13-1,4,5
14-1-a, 2-b, 3-b, 4-a
Variant 2
