Sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations
SanPiN 2.2.2/2.4.1340-03
"Hygienic requirements for personal electronic computers and organization of work"
I. General provisions and scope
1.1. These state sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations (hereinafter referred to as the Sanitary Rules) were developed in accordance with the Federal Law "On the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population" dated March 30, 1999 No. 52-FZ (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 1999, No. 14, art. 1650);
1.2. Sanitary rules are valid throughout the Russian Federation and establish sanitary and epidemiological requirements for personal electronic computers (PCs) and working conditions.
1.3. The requirements of the Sanitary Rules are aimed at preventing the adverse effects on human health of harmful factors of the production environment and the labor process when working with a PC.
1.4. These Sanitary Rules determine the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for:
Design, manufacture and operation of domestic PCs used in production, education, at home, in PC-based gaming machines;
Operation of imported PCs used in production, in education, at home and in gaming complexes (automatic machines) based on PCs;
Design, construction and reconstruction of premises intended for the operation of all types of PCs, production equipment and gaming complexes (automatic machines) based on PCs;
Organization of workplaces with a PC, production equipment and gaming complexes (automatic machines) based on a PC.
1.5. The requirements of the Sanitary Rules apply to:
On the conditions and organization of work with a PC;
On computing electronic digital machines personal, portable; peripheral devices of computing systems (printers, scanners, keyboards, external modems, electrical computer network devices, information storage devices, uninterruptible power supplies, etc.), information display devices (video display terminals (VDT) of all types) and gaming complexes based on a PC.
1.6. The requirements of the Sanitary Rules do not apply to the design, manufacture and operation of:
Household televisions and television game consoles;
Means of visual display of information of microcontrollers built into technological equipment;
PC of vehicles;
PC moving in the process of work.
1.7. Responsibility for the implementation of these Sanitary Rules rests with legal entities and individual entrepreneurs engaged in:
Development, production and operation of PCs, production equipment and gaming complexes based on PCs;
Design, construction and reconstruction of premises intended for the operation of PCs in industrial, administrative public buildings, as well as in educational, cultural and entertainment institutions.
1.8. Individual entrepreneurs and legal entities in the process of production and operation of PCs must exercise production control over compliance with these Sanitary Rules.
1.9. Workplaces using a PC must comply with the requirements of these Sanitary Rules.
II. PC requirements
2.1. PCs must comply with the requirements of these sanitary rules and each type is subject to sanitary and epidemiological examination with an assessment in testing laboratories accredited in the prescribed manner.
2.2. The list of products and controlled hygienic parameters of harmful and hazardous factors is presented in Appendix 1 (Table 1).
2.3. Permissible levels of sound pressure and sound levels generated by the PC should not exceed the values presented in Appendix 1 (Table 2).
2.4. Temporary allowable levels of electromagnetic fields (EMF) generated by the PC should not exceed the values presented in Appendix 1 (Table 3).
2.5. Permissible visual parameters of information display devices are presented in Appendix 1 (Table 4).
2.6. The concentration of harmful substances emitted by the PC into the indoor air should not exceed the maximum allowable concentrations (MAC) established for atmospheric air.
2.7. The exposure dose rate of soft X-ray radiation at any point at a distance of 0.05 m from the screen and the body of the VDT (on a cathode ray tube) at any position of the adjusting devices should not exceed 1 μSv/hour (100 μR/hour).
2.8. The design of the PC should provide the ability to rotate the case in a horizontal and vertical plane with fixation in a given position to ensure frontal observation of the VDT screen. The design of the PC should provide for painting the case in calm soft colors with diffuse light scattering. PC case, keyboard and other PC units and devices should have a matte surface with a reflection coefficient of 0.4 - 0.6 and not have shiny parts that can create glare.
2.9. The design of the VDT should provide for the regulation of brightness and contrast.
2.10. Documentation for the design, manufacture and operation of a PC should not contradict the requirements of these sanitary rules.
III. Requirements for premises for working with a PC
3.1. Premises for the operation of the PC must have natural and artificial lighting. The operation of a PC in rooms without natural light is allowed only with appropriate justification and the presence of a positive sanitary and epidemiological conclusion issued in the prescribed manner.
3.2. Natural and artificial lighting must comply with the requirements of the current regulatory documentation. Windows in rooms where computer equipment is used should mainly be oriented to the north and northeast.
Window openings must be equipped with adjustable devices such as blinds, curtains, external visors, etc.
3.3. It is not allowed to place places for PC users in all educational and cultural and entertainment institutions for children and adolescents in the basement and basement.
3.4. The area per workplace for PC users with VDT based on a cathode ray tube (CRT) should be at least 6 m2, in the premises of cultural and entertainment institutions and with VDT based on flat discrete screens (liquid crystal, plasma) - 4.5 m2.
When using PVEM with VDT based on CRT (without auxiliary devices - printer, scanner, etc.) that meet the requirements of international computer safety standards, with a duration of less than 4 hours a day, a minimum area of 4.5 m2 per user workplace is allowed (adults and students of higher professional education).
3.5. For interior decoration of the interior of the premises where the PC is located, diffuse-reflective materials with a reflection coefficient for the ceiling - 0.7 - 0.8 should be used; for walls - 0.5 - 0.6; for the floor - 0.3 - 0.5.
3.6. Polymeric materials are used for interior decoration of premises with a PC in the presence of a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion.
3.7. Premises where workplaces with PCs are located must be equipped with protective grounding (zeroing) in accordance with the technical requirements for operation.
3.8. You should not place workplaces with a PC near power cables and inputs, high-voltage transformers, technological equipment that interferes with the operation of the PC.
IV. Requirements for the microclimate, the content of air ions and harmful chemicals in the air at workplaces equipped with a PC
4.1. In industrial premises, in which work using a PC is auxiliary, the temperature, relative humidity and air velocity at the workplace must comply with the current sanitary standards for the microclimate of industrial premises.
4.2. In industrial premises in which work using a PC is the main one (control rooms, operator rooms, settlement rooms, cabins and control posts, computer rooms, etc.) and is associated with neuro-emotional stress, optimal microclimate parameters for work categories 1a and 1b should be provided in accordance with the current sanitary and epidemiological standards for the microclimate of industrial premises. At other workplaces, microclimate parameters should be maintained at an acceptable level that meets the requirements of the above standards.
4.3. In the premises of all types of educational and cultural and entertainment institutions for children and adolescents, where PCs are located, optimal microclimate parameters must be provided (Appendix 2).
4.4. In the premises equipped with a PC, daily wet cleaning and systematic ventilation are carried out after each hour of work on the PC.
4.5. The levels of positive and negative air ions in the air of the premises where the PC is located must comply with the current sanitary and epidemiological standards.
4.6. The content of harmful chemicals in the air of industrial premises, in which work using a PC is auxiliary, should not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations of harmful substances in the air of the working area in accordance with the current hygienic standards.
4.7. The content of harmful chemicals in industrial premises where work using a PC is the main one (control rooms, operator rooms, settlement rooms, control rooms and control posts, computer rooms, etc.) should not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations of pollutants in the atmospheric air of populated areas in in accordance with current hygiene regulations.
4.8. The content of harmful chemicals in the air of premises intended for the use of PCs in all types of educational institutions should not exceed the maximum allowable average daily concentrations for atmospheric air in accordance with the current sanitary and epidemiological standards.
V. Requirements for noise and vibration levels at workplaces equipped with a PC
5.1. In production premises, when performing main or auxiliary work using a PC, noise levels at workplaces should not exceed the maximum allowable values established for these types of work in accordance with the current sanitary and epidemiological standards.
5.2. In the premises of all educational and cultural and entertainment institutions for children and adolescents, where PCs are located, noise levels should not exceed the permissible values established for residential and public buildings.
5.3. When performing work using a PC in industrial premises, the vibration level should not exceed the permissible vibration values for workplaces (category 3, type "c") in accordance with the current sanitary and epidemiological standards.
In the premises of all types of educational and cultural and entertainment institutions in which PCs are operated, the vibration level should not exceed the permissible values for residential and public buildings in accordance with the current sanitary and epidemiological standards.
5.4. Noisy equipment (printing devices, servers, etc.), whose noise levels exceed the normative ones, should be located outside the premises with a PC.
VI. Requirements for lighting in workplaces equipped with a PC
6.1. Desktops should be placed so that the video display terminals are oriented sideways to the light openings so that natural light falls predominantly on the left.
6.2. Artificial lighting in the premises for the operation of the PC should be provided by a system of general uniform lighting. In industrial and administrative-public premises, in cases of predominant work with documents, combined lighting systems should be used (in addition to general lighting, local lighting fixtures are additionally installed to illuminate the area where documents are located).
6.3. Illumination on the surface of the table in the area where the working document is placed should be 300 - 500 lux. Lighting should not create glare on the screen surface. The illumination of the screen surface should not exceed 300 lux.
6.4. Direct glare from light sources should be limited, while the brightness of luminous surfaces (windows, lamps, etc.) in the field of view should not exceed 200 cd/m2.
6.5. It is necessary to limit the reflected brilliance on work surfaces (screen, table, keyboard, etc.) due to the correct choice of types of lamps and the location of workplaces in relation to sources of natural and artificial lighting, while the brightness of glare on the PC screen should not exceed 40 cd/m2 and ceiling brightness should not exceed 200 cd/m2.
6.6. The glare index for sources of general artificial lighting in industrial premises should be no more than 20.
The indicator of discomfort in administrative and public premises is no more than 40, in preschool and educational premises no more than 15.
6.7. The brightness of general lighting fixtures in the zone of radiation angles from 50 to 90 degrees with the vertical in the longitudinal and transverse planes should be no more than 200 cd / m2, the protective angle of the fixtures should be at least 40 degrees.
6.8. Local lighting fixtures must have a non-translucent reflector with a protective angle of at least 40 degrees.
6.9. It is necessary to limit the uneven distribution of brightness in the field of view of the user of the PC, while the ratio of brightness between the working surfaces should not exceed 3:1 - 5:1, and between the working surfaces and the surfaces of walls and equipment 10:1.
6.10. As light sources in artificial lighting, mainly fluorescent lamps of the LB type and compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) should be used. When arranging reflected lighting in industrial and administrative-public premises, the use of metal halide lamps is allowed. Incandescent lamps, including halogen lamps, may be used in local lighting fixtures.
6.11. To illuminate rooms with a PC, lamps with mirrored parabolic gratings equipped with electronic ballasts (electronic ballasts) should be used. It is allowed to use multi-lamp luminaires with electromagnetic ballasts (electronic ballasts) consisting of an equal number of leading and lagging branches.
The use of luminaires without diffusers and shielding grilles is not allowed.
In the absence of luminaires with electronic ballasts, lamps of multi-lamp luminaires or adjacent general lighting luminaires should be switched on to different phases of a three-phase network.
6.12. General lighting when using fluorescent lamps should be performed in the form of solid or intermittent lines of lamps located on the side of the workplaces, parallel to the user's line of sight with a row arrangement of video display terminals. With a perimeter arrangement of computers, the lines of lamps should be located localized above the desktop closer to its front edge facing the operator.
6.13. The safety factor (Kz) for lighting installations for general lighting should be taken equal to 1.4.
6.14. The ripple factor should not exceed 5%.
6.15. To ensure the normalized values of illumination in the premises for the use of PCs, it is necessary to clean the glass of window frames and lamps at least twice a year and timely replace burned-out lamps.
VII. Requirements for the levels of electromagnetic fields at workplaces equipped with a PC
7.1. Temporary permissible levels of EMF generated by PCs at users' workplaces, as well as in the premises of educational, preschool and cultural and entertainment institutions, are presented in Appendix 2 (Table 1).
7.2. The methodology for instrumental control of EMF levels at the workplaces of PC users is presented in Appendix 3.
VIII. Requirements for the visual parameters of VDT, controlled at the workplace
8.1. The maximum permissible values of the visual parameters of the VDT, controlled at the workplace, are presented in Appendix 2 (Table 3).
IX. General requirements for the organization of workplaces for PC users
9.1. When placing workstations with a PC, the distance between workstations with video monitors (in the direction of the rear surface of one video monitor and the screen of another video monitor) must be at least 2.0 m, and the distance between the side surfaces of video monitors must be at least 1.2 m.
9.2. Workplaces with a PC in rooms with sources of harmful production factors should be placed in isolated cabins with organized air exchange.
9.3. Workplaces with a PC when performing creative work that requires significant mental stress or high concentration of attention are recommended to be isolated from each other by partitions 1.5 - 2.0 m high.
9.4. The video monitor screen should be at a distance of 600 - 700 mm from the user's eyes, but not closer than 500 mm, taking into account the size of alphanumeric characters and symbols.
9.5. The design of the desktop should provide optimal placement on the working surface of the equipment used, taking into account its quantity and design features, the nature of the work performed.
At the same time, it is allowed to use work tables of various designs that meet modern ergonomic requirements. The desktop surface should have a reflection coefficient of 0.5 - 0.7.
9.6. The design of the working chair (chair) should ensure the maintenance of a rational working posture when working on a PC, allow you to change your posture in order to reduce the static tension of the muscles of the neck-shoulder region and back to prevent the development of fatigue. The type of work chair (armchair) should be chosen taking into account the height of the user, the nature and duration of work with a PC.
The work chair (chair) must be up and swivel, adjustable in height and angle of inclination of the seat and back, as well as the distance of the back from the front edge of the seat, while the adjustment of each parameter must be independent, easy to carry out and have a secure fit.
9.7. The surface of the seat, back and other elements of the chair (chair) should be semi-soft, with a non-slip, slightly electrified and breathable coating that provides easy cleaning from dirt.
X. Requirements for the organization and equipment of workplaces with a PC for adult users
10.1. The height of the working surface of the table for adult users should be adjusted within 680 - 800 mm; if this is not possible, the height of the working surface of the table should be 725 mm.
10.2. The modular dimensions of the working surface of the table for a PC, on the basis of which the structural dimensions should be calculated, should be considered: width 800, 1000, 1200 and 1400 mm, depth 800 and 1000 mm with its unregulated height equal to 725 mm.
10.3. The work table must have legroom at least 600 mm high, at least 500 mm wide, at least 450 mm deep at the knees and at least 650 mm at the level of the outstretched legs.
10.4. The design of the work chair should provide:
The width and depth of the seat surface is at least 400 mm;
Seat surface with rounded front edge;
Height adjustment of the seat surface within 400 - 550 mm and tilt angles forward up to 15 degrees, and back up to 5 degrees;
The height of the supporting surface of the backrest is 300 + -20 mm, the width is at least 380 mm and the radius of curvature of the horizontal plane is 400 mm;
The angle of the backrest in the vertical plane within + -30 degrees;
Adjustment of the backrest distance from the front edge of the seat within 260 - 400 mm;
Fixed or removable armrests with a length of at least 250 mm and a width of 50 - 70 mm;
Adjustment of the armrests in height above the seat within 230 + -30 mm and the internal distance between the armrests within 350 -500 mm.
10.5. The workplace of the PC user should be equipped with a footrest with a width of at least 300 mm, a depth of at least 400 mm, height adjustment up to 150 mm and an angle of inclination of the support surface of the stand up to 20 °. The surface of the stand must be corrugated and have a 10 mm high edge along the front edge.
10.6. The keyboard should be placed on the table surface at a distance of 100 - 300 mm from the edge facing the user or on a special, height-adjustable work surface, separated from the main tabletop.
XI. Requirements for the organization and equipment of workplaces with a PC for students in general educational institutions and institutions of primary and higher professional education
11.1. Premises for classes are equipped with single tables designed to work with a PC.
11.2 The design of a single table for working with a PC should include:
Two separate surfaces: one horizontal for placing a PC with smooth adjustment in height within 520 - 760 mm and the second - for a keyboard with smooth adjustment in height and tilt angle from 0 to 15 degrees with reliable fixation in the optimal working position (12 - 15 degrees );
The width of the surfaces for the VDT and the keyboard is at least 750 mm (the width of both surfaces must be the same) and the depth is at least 550 mm;
Supporting surfaces for a PC or VDT and for a keyboard on a riser, in which there should be power wires and a local network cable.
The base of the riser should be aligned with the footrest;
Lack of boxes;
Increasing the width of surfaces up to 1200 mm when equipping the workplace with a printer.
11.3. The height of the edge of the table facing the person working with the PC and the height of the legroom should correspond to the height of students in shoes (Appendix 4).
11.4. If there is a high table and chair that does not match the height of the students, a height-adjustable footrest should be used.
11.5. The line of sight should be perpendicular to the center of the screen and its optimal deviation from the perpendicular passing through the center of the screen in the vertical plane should not exceed +-5 degrees, the allowable is +-10 degrees.
11.6. A workplace with a PC is equipped with a chair, the main dimensions of which must correspond to the growth of students in shoes (Appendix 5).
XII. Requirements for equipment and organization of premises with a PC for preschool children
12.1. Premises for classes are equipped with single tables designed to work with a PC.
12.2. The design of a single table should consist of two parts or tables connected together: on one surface of the table there is a VDT, on the other - a keyboard.
The design of the table for placing a PC should include:
Smooth and easy height adjustment with reliable fixation of the horizontal surface for the video monitor within 460 - 520 mm with a depth of at least 550 mm and a width of at least 600 mm;
The ability to smoothly and easily change the angle of inclination of the surface for the keyboard from 0 to 10 degrees, with secure fixation;
The width and depth of the surface under the keyboard must be at least 600 mm;
Smooth without recesses the surface of the table for the keyboard;
Lack of boxes;
Legroom under the table above the floor is at least 400 mm.
The width is determined by the design of the table.
12.3. The dimensions of chairs for classes are given in Appendix 5. Replacement of chairs with stools or benches is not allowed.
12.4. The chair seat surface should be easy to disinfect.
XIII. Requirements for the organization of medical care for PC users
13.1. Persons working with a PC for more than 50% of their working time (professionally connected with the operation of a PC) must pass mandatory pre-employment and periodic
medical examinations in the prescribed manner.
13.2. From the time of pregnancy, women are transferred to work not related to the use of a PC, or the time for working with a PC is limited for them (no more than 3 hours per work shift), subject to the hygiene requirements established by these sanitary rules. Employment of pregnant women should be carried out in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
13.3. Medical examination of students of higher educational institutions, students of secondary specialized educational institutions, children of preschool and school age in order to establish contraindications for working with a PC is carried out in the prescribed manner.
14.1. State sanitary and epidemiological supervision over the production and operation of personal computers is carried out in accordance with these Sanitary Rules.
14.2. It is not allowed to sell and operate on the territory of the Russian Federation types of personal computers that do not have a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion.
14.3. Instrumental control over compliance with the requirements of these Sanitary Rules is carried out in accordance with the current regulatory documentation.
14.4. Production control over compliance with sanitary rules is carried out by the manufacturer and supplier of the PC, as well as enterprises and organizations operating the PC in the prescribed manner, in accordance with the current sanitary rules and other regulatory documents.
Appendix 1
to SanPiN 2.2.2/2.4.1340-03
Table 1
List of products and controlled hygiene parameters
Product type
OKP code
Controlled hygiene parameters
Electronic digital computing machines, personal electronic digital computing machines (including portable computers)
40 1300,
40 1350,
40 1370
Levels of electromagnetic fields (EMF), acoustic noise, concentration of harmful substances in the air, visual indicators of VDT, soft X-ray radiation*
Peripheral devices: printers, scanners, modems, network devices, uninterruptible power supplies
40 3000
EMF levels, acoustic noise, concentration of harmful substances in the air
Information display devices (video display terminals)
40 3200
EMF levels, visual indicators, concentration of harmful substances in the air, soft X-rays*
Gaming machines using PC
96 8575
EMF levels, acoustic noise, concentration of harmful substances in the air, visual indicators of VDT, soft X-ray radiation*
* Soft X-ray control is performed only for video display terminals using cathode ray tubes.
table 2
Permissible values of sound pressure levels in octave frequency bands and sound level generated by PC
Sound pressure levels in octave bands with geometric mean frequenciesSound levels in dBA
31.5 Hz
63Hz
125 Hz
250 Hz
500Hz
1000 Hz
2000 Hz
4000 Hz
8000 Hz
86 dB
71 dB
61 dB
54 dB
49 dB
45 dB
42 dB
40 dB
38 dB
Measurement of sound level and sound pressure levels is carried out at a distance of 50 cm from the surface of the equipment and at the height of the sound source(s)
Table 3
Temporary allowable levels of EMF generated by PC
Name of parametersVDU EMF
25 V/m
2.5 V/m
Magnetic flux density
in the frequency range 5 Hz - 2 kHz
250 nT
in the frequency range 2 kHz - 400 kHz
25nT
Surface electrostatic potential of the video monitor screen
500V
Table 4
Permissible visual parameters of information display devices
Options
Valid values
White field brightness
Not less than 35 cd/sq.m
Max ± 20%
3:1
Temporal image instability (unintentional change in the brightness of the display screen image over time)
Should not be fixed
Spatial image instability (unintentional change in the position of screen image fragments)
Max 2*10L -4L
For CRT displays, the image refresh rate must be at least 75 Hz for all screen resolution modes guaranteed by the regulatory documentation for a particular type of display and at least 60 Hz for displays on discrete flat screens (LCD, plasma, etc.).
Appendix 2
to SanPiN 2.2.2/2.4.1340-03
obligatory
Table 1
Temporary permissible levels of EMF generated by PC at workplaces
Name of parametersVDU EMF
Electric field strength
in the frequency range 5 Hz - 2 kHz
25 V/m
in the frequency range 2 kHz - 400 kHz
2.5 V/m
Magnetic flux density
in the frequency range 5 Hz - 2 kHz
250 nT
in the frequency range 2 kHz - 400 kHz
25nT
Electrostatic field strength
15 kV/m
table 2
Optimal microclimate parameters in all types of educational and preschool premises using a PC
Temperature,Cº
Relative
humidity, %
Absolute humidity, %
Air speed, m/s
< 0,1
< 0,1
< 0,1
Table 3
Visual parameters of VDT controlled at workplaces
Options
Valid values
White field brightness
Not less than 35 cd/sq.m
Uneven brightness of the working field
Max ± 20%
Contrast (for monochrome mode)
3:1
Temporal image instability (flickering)
Should not be fixed
Spatial image instability (jitter)
Max 2*10L -4L, where L is the observation distance
Annex 3
to SanPiN 2.2.2/2.4.1340-03
obligatory
Methods of instrumental control and hygienic assessment of the levels of electromagnetic fields in the workplace
1. General Provisions
1.1. Instrumental control of the electromagnetic environment at the workplaces of PC users is carried out:
When putting a PC into operation and organizing new and reorganizing jobs;
After carrying out organizational and technical measures aimed at normalizing the electromagnetic situation;
When attesting workplaces for working conditions;
At the request of enterprises and organizations.
1.2. Instrumental control is carried out by the SSES bodies and (or) testing laboratories (centers) accredited in the prescribed manner.
2. Requirements for measuring instruments
2.1. Instrumental control of EMF levels should be carried out by devices with an allowable basic relative measurement error of +-20%, included in the State Register of Measuring Instruments and having valid certificates of passing the State verification.
2.2. Preference should be given to meters with isotropic transducer antennas.
3. Preparation for instrumental control
3.1. Draw up a plan (sketch) for the placement of workplaces for PC users in the room.
3.2. Enter in the protocol information about the equipment of the workplace - the names of PC devices, manufacturers, models and factory (serial) numbers.
3.4. Enter in the protocol information about the presence of a sanitary-epidemiological conclusion on a PC and near-screen filters (if any).
3.5. Set on the VDT screen a typical image for this type of work (text, graphics, etc.).
3.6. When carrying out measurements, all computer equipment, VDT and other electrical equipment used for work, located in this room, must be turned on.
3.7. Measurements of the parameters of the electrostatic field should be carried out no earlier than 20 minutes after turning on the PC.
4. Taking measurements
4.1. Measurement of the levels of alternating electric and magnetic fields, static electric fields at a workplace equipped with a PC is carried out at a distance of 50 cm from the screen at three levels at a height of 0.5 m, 1.0 m and 1.5 m
5. Hygienic assessment of EMF levels in the workplace
5.1. Hygienic assessment of measurement results should be carried out taking into account the error of the metrological control tool used.
5.2. If at the surveyed workplace equipped with a PC, the intensity of the electric and / or magnetic field in the range of 5 - 2000 Hz exceeds the values \u200b\u200bgiven in Table 5, it is necessary to measure the background levels of industrial frequency EMF (with the equipment turned off). The background level of the electric field with a frequency of 50 Hz should not exceed 500 V/m. The background levels of the magnetic field induction should not exceed the values that cause violations of the requirements for the visual parameters of the VDT (table 6
Appendix 4
to SanPiN 2.2.2/2.4.1340-03
obligatory
Height of a single table for classes with BT
Growth sinceHeight above the floor, mm
table surface
legroom, not less
116-130
520
400
131-145
580
520
146-160
640
580
161-175
700
640
above 175
760
700
Note: The legroom width and depth are determined by the design of the table.
The main dimensions of the chair for pupils and students
Chair optionsHeight of pupils and students in shoes, cm
116-130
131-145
146-160
161-175
> 175
Seat height above the floor, mm
300
340
380
420
460
Seat width, not less than, mm
270
290
320
340
360
Seat depth, mm
290
330
360
380
400
The height of the lower edge of the backrest above the seat, mm
130
150
160
170
190
The height of the upper edge of the backrest above the seat, mm
280
310
330
360
400
Back deflection line height, not less than, mm
170
190
200
210
220
Bend radius of the front edge of the seat, mm
20-50
Seat tilt angle, °
0-4
Backrest angle, °
95-108
Backrest radius in plan, not less than, mm
300
Appendix 5
to SanPiN 2.2.2/2.4.1340-03
obligatory
Chair sizes for preschool children for classes with BT
Chair optionsDimensions, not less than, mm
Seat height above floor
260
Seat width
250
Seat depth
260
The height of the lower edge of the backrest above the seat
120
The height of the upper edge of the backrest above the seat
250
Back deflection height
160
Seat front edge bending radius
20-50
The implementation of the State Program for the Informatization of School Education has increased the role of informatics classrooms in educational institutions, which should become centers for the development of information technologies, the formation of an information culture, which will be the basis for successful use by teachers in professional and schoolchildren - in educational activities.
Informatics cabinet is a school teaching and educational unit, which:
- raises the level of education;
- implements the state course on informatization;
- introduces students to the effective use of the global information space.
- creation of an information picture of the world among students and the skills of using information technologies in everyday and specialized activities;
- training in the principles of work and the device of modern computer technology;
- development of creative abilities, stimulation of imagination, memory and theoretical thinking;
- education of high morality and morality, patriotism in the younger generation.
The study load of the computer science classroom should not exceed 36 hours per week, and the remaining time can be used for extracurricular activities and lessons in other subjects that require ICT tools. Traditionally held in the informatics office:
- profile courses and basic classes in informatics;
- practical work;
- classes in basic academic subjects requiring the use of computer technology;
- independent work of students in the preparation of essays, presentations, writing programs;
- integrated extra-curricular activities using information technology and computer technology;
- circle, optional and extracurricular activities.
Integrated lessons are conducted with the interaction of subject teachers and computer science teachers. The former provide the content of the lesson, and the latter provide the technological part and (interactive whiteboard, video cameras and other software and hardware).
School computer science equipment
To ensure maximum security in the computer science classroom, it is placed on any floor of the school building, except for the basement and basement, away from rooms with high levels of vibration and noise (gym, music room).
The air temperature in the computer science room should not exceed 18-21 degrees Celsius, for which the room is equipped with an air conditioning system and regularly ventilated to prevent a critical increase in air temperature. Wet cleaning should be carried out daily. One personal electronic computer should account for at least 6 sq.m of an office area, in which there should be artificial and (natural light should fall on the left, and the windows should face north). As artificial lighting, fluorescent lamps with light-diffusing fittings evenly distributed over the ceiling area in two continuous lines should be used. There must be a protective shutdown device for the power supply, and the electrical voltage is supplied hidden and permanently.
Computer room equipment
School office of informatics must be reliably protected, for which grilles are installed on the windows, local alarms and strong metal doors are used. Its area must comply with regulatory requirements. The front wall of the cabinet is equipped with a screen or a blackboard, and cabinets are mounted along the back for storing media and educational equipment. On the opposite wall from the windows on the exposition boards, poster material is placed with safety rules and principles of behavior in the office. Popular scientific, reference and methodical literature is stored in cabinets, and disks with software are stored in compact boxes with a high index of dust and light protection.
- To facilitate the preparation of the teacher for the lesson, it is worth creating in the classroom a database or a card file of educational and methodological materials with an alphabetical or other principle of placement and an indication of the storage locations.
- Do not overload the room with an abundance of diagrams, reference tables and information posters.
- The most interesting and important manuals and materials should be placed in front of the entrance to the office.
- Demonstration and reference material on stands and posters should be updated regularly, stimulating student interest in the topic.
The location of workplaces equipped with personal computers in the office should provide free access to them for the teacher and students (more often they are placed around the perimeter or near the blank walls of the office). Computer equipment is installed properly, taking into account the comfortable position of the keyboard and monitor for students. According to tb rules in the computer science office, it should not have more than 15 jobs (regardless of the number of students, with a large class size, classes are held in groups). Student chairs should be swivel and adjustable in height and back for comfortable work. In the classroom there should be double student tables for obtaining theoretical knowledge and single tables with computers designed for individual practical work.
The teacher's workplace is equipped with a computer, a graphic projector and cabinets for a printer and is placed on a special podium from which all students can see it. The teacher from his place turns on and off the power supply of the students' workplaces, fixing this in the appropriate log.
List of documents in the computer science office
Before the start of the school year, the school principal approves the composition of the school commission, which checks the readiness of the computer class for the educational process, about which an appropriate Acceptance Certificate is drawn up. The list of required documents in the computer science office includes:
- Safety regulations.
- Sanitary-hygienic passport
- Labor protection instruction.
- Rules for the use of technical teaching aids.
- Rules of conduct for students in a computer class.
- Logs of briefing, accounting of work on the Internet and maintenance of equipment.
- Certificates of compliance of equipment with the requirements of regulatory documents.
- Working hours of the informatics office.
The work of the head: instructions in the computer science room
One of the computer science teachers at the school is traditionally appointed as the head of the office. He leads computer science classroom documentation, draws up a long-term plan for improving the material base, distributes work between colleagues and students, forms a calendar plan, which is subsequently approved by the director.
The head of the informatics office performs a number of duties:
- maintains an inventory journal, introduces new equipment into it and decommissions the old one;
- responsible for the integrity and safety of equipment, appliances, furniture and software and hardware in the room;
- monitors the functionality of the equipment, regularly performing technical maintenance and preventive maintenance, and in the event of a breakdown or failure, registers in the appropriate log;
- regularly conducts periodic and introductory briefings in the computer science classroom on safety measures and rules of conduct in the classroom;
- controls the serviceability of fire extinguishing equipment, switching on and registers the beginning and end of each lesson.
The head of the office is assisted by a laboratory assistant who is subordinate to him. His responsibilities include:
- control over the performance of fire extinguishing equipment and compliance with safety rules by schoolchildren, for which he reports to the head;
- registration of the time frame of each lesson in the time log.
Safety in the computer science classroom
The school office of computer science must comply with ergonomic, hygienic and psychological standards. Everything in the classroom should work to improve the efficiency of learning by students and the teaching process for the teacher. At informatics lessons, schoolchildren should develop practical and theoretical knowledge and skills in using computers and peripheral equipment, working with information and its resources. In computer science lessons, collective, group and individual work is organized, which requires students to comply with security requirements in the computer science classroom. That is why the organization of work in the classroom should also protect the health of students and teachers. The teacher should use expensive equipment expediently, and students should carefully and consciously use software and hardware systems, audiovisual and technical means. It is important to monitor the optimal level of noise and illumination.
Rules of conduct in the computer science office
It is important for students to know what is prohibited in the computer science classroom, and what is allowed and is mandatory in the lesson. Systematic and intentional violation of the rules of conduct is a reason to temporarily prohibit a student from working with computers.
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Conducting the first lesson in the computer science room, the teacher distributes jobs among the students, taking into account the characteristics of their hearing, vision and growth, conducts an initial briefing, introducing safety rules in the office of computer science, through the safety test, noting the results in the briefing log. Students must understand that they are responsible for the safety of work and the safety of classroom equipment. In the briefing log, the teacher notes his first and last name, the date of the briefing and the test for it, a summary and a list of the names of the students who successfully passed the TB test.
Students have the right to consult a teacher and refuse to continue working at a computer if the conditions or duration of work exceed sanitary standards. If the safety of others depends on the operation of the PC, students can independently disable them, taking into account the possible risks.
Security in the computer science classroom: basic requirements
Students who have no contraindications for health reasons and have undergone initial instruction are allowed to work in a computer class. Rules of conduct in the computer science office regulate the activities of all participants in the educational process.
| Before starting work | The office of computer science should be ventilated, the air temperature in it should not exceed 21-23 degrees Celsius, and the relative humidity should not exceed 60%. It is necessary to check the operability of all systems and devices, adjust the brightness level of monitor screens at the level of 35 cd/m3. |
| During work | Computers are turned on only at the command of the teacher, only one student works at one PC, sitting at a distance of 60-70 cm from the monitor screen, so that the eye level falls on 2/3 of the height of the monitor or its center. The notebook for notes should be at a distance of 50-60 cm from the eyes, it is necessary to monitor the sufficient level of lighting and a clear and stable image on the screens (without glare and flicker). To relieve eye strain, you should do gymnastics for the eyes. |
| After finishing work | According to the instructions of the teacher, computers are turned off, workplaces are put in order, and the office is ventilated. |
| In an emergency |
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Requirements safety precautions in the computer science office provide for the interaction of students and the teacher at all stages of work in a computer class. Students must follow the instructions of the teacher, and if the computer is causing them difficulties or seems suspicious, the teacher is immediately informed about this, without trying to fix the problem on their own. Teenagers should take care of the hardware and software equipment, do not touch the monitor with their hands, do not hit the table with the mouse, and easily press the keyboard buttons. Computer lab security prohibits students from getting up from their seats when the teacher enters the room.
To the main actions prohibited in the computer science classroom, refers to:
- use of open fire (firecrackers, lighters or matches);
- the use of flammable agents and substances (gunpowder, paints, varnishes);
- work with faulty electrical appliances in the presence of a corresponding smell of burning wires;
- blockage of passages to the escape routes and the fire shield with foreign objects;
- extinguishing fires with conventional fire extinguishers or water;
- putting out fires by students.
In the event of smoke or fire, all electrical appliances are disconnected from the network, the source of ignition is identified and eliminated. If the initial measures to eliminate the fire were ineffective, an alarm is announced, the students are evacuated, and the fire brigade is called.
You can learn more about equipping the computer science room at school in the articles:
1.
2.10. Cabinet of Informatics and Computer Engineering (IVT)
2.10.1. Sanitary and hygienic requirements
2.10.1.1. The premises of the IWT cabinet must have natural and artificial lighting in accordance with SanPiN 2.2.2.542-96.
2.10.1.2. The main stream of natural light should be on the left. The orientation of window openings should be north or northeast. It is not allowed to direct the main luminous flux of natural light behind and in front of the PC operating. With double-sided lighting at a depth of more than 6 m in the cabinet, a right-sided lighting device is required, the height of which must be at least 2.2 m from the floor.
2.10.1.3. In the lighting installations of the IWT cabinet, a general lighting system should be used, made by ceiling or pendant fluorescent lamps, evenly spaced along the ceiling in rows in the form of solid lines on both sides of the desktop with a PC or VDT. Lamps, as well as window light apertures, should not be reflected on the screens of a PC or VDT.
2.10.1.4. The illumination of the surface of student tables under artificial lighting should be in the range of 300-500 lux. Luminaires must have light-scattering fittings.
2.10.1.5. As light sources, it is recommended to use fluorescent lamps with a power of 40W, 58W or energy-saving power of 36W of the LB, LHB type as the most efficient and acceptable in terms of spectral composition.
2.10.1.6. For classrooms with PCs and VDTs, lamps of the LP036 series with high-frequency ballasts (VChPRA) should be used. It is possible to allow the use of luminaires without VChPRA in the "oblique light" modification.
2.10.1.7. In rooms with a PC, due to air pollution by anthropogenic organic substances and carbon dioxide, it is recommended to have supply and exhaust ventilation that provides optimal temperature and humidity conditions for all climatic zones.
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Optimal parameters |
Valid parameters |
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Temperature, C |
Relative humidity, % |
Temperature, C |
Relative humidity, % |
2.10.1.8. In the absence of supply and exhaust ventilation, air conditioning can be arranged using household air conditioners.
Calculation of air conditioners should be carried out by a ventilation engineer depending on their performance, the amount of heat surplus from cars, people, solar radiation and artificial lighting sources.
2.10.1.9. The IWT office should be equipped with a washbasin with hot and cold water supply.
2.10.1.10. The power supply of the cabinet must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 28139-89 and PUE.
2.10.1.11. The supply of electrical voltage to the tables of students and teachers must be stationary and hidden.
2.10.1.12. The location of the electrical panel and the Residual Current Device should give the teacher the ability to instantly turn off the power supply system. Recommended placement is to the left or right of the chalkboard.
2.10.1.13. To ensure fire safety, the office of the MBT must be equipped with 2 carbon dioxide fire extinguishers (type OU-2).
2.10.1.14. For painting walls and panels, light colors of paints should be used (p = 0.5-0.6). The composition of the paints must exclude the occurrence of lime dust.
2.10.1.15. The surfaces of the enclosing structures of the cabinet, blackboard, desktops should be matte.
2.10.1.16. The surface of the floor must be smooth, without potholes, non-slip, easy to clean and wet cleaning, and have antistatic properties.
2.10.1.17. The content of harmful chemicals in indoor air using video display terminals (VDTs) and personal electronic computers (PCs) should not exceed the average daily concentrations for atmospheric air.
2.10.1.18. For interior decoration of the interior of premises with PCs and VDTs, it is not allowed to use synthetic materials that emit harmful chemicals and compounds into the air. These include chipboard, laminated paper plastic, washable wallpaper, rolled synthetic coatings, etc.
2.10.1.19. The noise level at the workplace in all classrooms with VDT and PC should not exceed 50 dBA. (Sanitary norms for permissible noise in the premises of residential and public buildings and on the territory of residential development N 3077-84, clause 7.2).
2.10.2. Requirements for the premises of the ICT office
2.10.2.1. The office of informatics and computer technology (MWT) is organized as an educational unit of a secondary general education and vocational school, a training and production plant, equipped with a set of educational computer equipment (KUVT), teaching and visual aids, educational equipment, furniture, office equipment and devices for conducting theoretical and practical, classroom, extra-curricular activities in the course "Fundamentals of Informatics and Computer Engineering" (OIVT), both basic and specialized. In addition, KIVT can be used in teaching various subjects, labor training.
2.10.2.2. The area of the premises of the IWT office is determined in accordance with the requirements of the regulatory document "Educational and material base of an educational institution of general secondary education" part I. "Norms and requirements for educational buildings and school plots", as well as SanPiN 2.2.2.542-96.
2.10.2.3. Placement of KIVT in all educational institutions in the basement and basement is not allowed.
2.10.2.4. The minimum area per one PC must be at least 6 sq.m., and the volume - at least 24.0 cubic meters. with a height of at least 4 m. With a lower height of the training room, it is recommended to increase the area by one workplace.
2.10. 2. 5. At the office of IWT, a laboratory area of at least 18 sq.m. should be organized. The laboratory room should have two exits: to the training room and to the landing or to recreation.
2.10.2.6. The area of the office should allow you to arrange furniture in it in compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards.
2.10.2.7. The front wall of the KIVT is equipped with a blackboard for felt-tip pens, a screen, a cabinet for storing visual aids and information media.
2.10.2.8. At the entrance to the IWT office, built-in or wall-mounted cabinets (shelves) for briefcases should be provided.
2.10.2.9. To the left of the blackboard, in the teacher's working area, an electrical switchboard with a control panel for power supply to the workplaces of the teacher and students should be fixed on the wall.
2.10.2.10. Drawers for tables are installed under the board or separately under the stands. Holders (or a bar with holders) are attached to the upper edge of the board for hanging tables.
2.10.2.11. On the wall opposite the windows, exposition boards with permanent and temporary information are placed.
2.10.2.12. Along the back wall, it is possible to install a sectional cabinet for storing educational equipment and information media, depending on the area of the office.
2.10.2.13. The upper part of the back wall of the classroom should be designed to display the manuals necessary for studying individual topics of the program.
2.10.3. Requirements for a set of furniture in the classroom
2.10.3.1. The office and the laboratory room must be equipped with a certain set of specialized furniture that meets the requirements of GOST 22046-89, which has a certificate of conformity with technical documentation and a hygiene certificate.
The office should have furniture for:
Organization of the teacher's workplace;
Organization of workplaces for students;
For rational placement and storage of teaching aids;
To organize the use of equipment.
2.10.3.2. The laboratory room should have the following furniture: radio editing table, office desk; shelving for storage of tools and a safe.
2.10.3.3. Furniture for organizing a teacher's workplace should include a table with a place for equipment (graphic projector) and a computer, a cabinet for a printer, a chair, and a blackboard.
2.10.3.4. Furniture for the organization of students' workplaces includes single student desks for a computer (GOST 11015-93) with chairs of different height groups No. 4,5,6) with color marking with lifting and swivel chairs.
2.10.3.5. Furniture for the rational placement and storage of educational equipment should consist of a combined cabinet in accordance with GOST 18666-95.
2.10.4. Requirements for the organization, jobs of teachers and students
2.10.4.1. The teacher's workplace is located on the podium and is equipped with a table equipped with equipment in accordance with the Lists, two cabinets (for a printer and a graph projector), a blackboard, a screen and an electrical switchboard with a control panel. The teacher's table must be supplied with power to connect a PC, printer, graph projector.
2.10.4.2. Dimensions of the teacher's table: cover length - not less than 1300 mm, mm, width - not less than 700 mm.
2.10.4.3. The pedestals should have 1-2 drawers with dimensions of 350x500x100 mm for accessories, magnetic media and banners based on the current day of classes.
2.10.4.5. Students' workplaces equipped with personal computers (PCs) should consist of a single table and a lifting and swivel chair.
Additionally, the computer science room is equipped with double student tables (GOST 11015-93) in accordance with the number of jobs for students when working on a PC or VDT. Student tables are located in the center and are designed for theoretical classes. Tables and chairs should be of different height groups with color indication.
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Furniture group |
Chair seat front edge height, mm |
Growth group, mm |
Marking color |
Table height, mm |
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1460 to 1600 |
Red |
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1600 to 1750 |
Green |
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1750 to 1800 |
Blue |
2.10.4.6. The modular dimensions of the working surface of the table for VDT and PC, on the basis of which the design dimensions should be calculated, should be considered: width - 800, 1000, 1200, 1400 mm, depth - 800 and 1000 mm with its unregulated height equal to 725 mm.
2.10.4.7. The student's desk must be connected to the power supply and the LAN cable. The table must be anchored to the floor.
2.10.4.8. The arrangement of workplaces for students in KIVT should provide free access for students and teachers during the lesson to the workplace.
2.10.4.9. To ensure the safety of students and teachers, electrical safety and the creation of constant levels of illumination during work, a perimeter arrangement of desktops with a PC is recommended (row arrangement of student tables with a PC or VDT is not recommended.
2.10.4.10. The following distances must be observed for the perimeter arrangement of workplaces:
a) by the width of the office:
The distance between the wall with window openings and tables should be at least 0.8 m;
The distance between the wall opposite the window openings and the tables with a PC should be about 0.1 m, and in some cases, depending on the video monitors used, the tables can be installed directly against the wall;
b) along the length of the KIVT tables with a PC can be placed without a gap and with a distance between them.
2.10.4.11. When tables with PCs are arranged in rows, each table must have a protective screen on the back of the video monitor. The screen is attached to the table at a distance of 3-5 cm, its area should be sufficient to protect the power wires.
2.10.4.12. The number of jobs for students can be 9, 12, 15, depending on the class size.
2.10.5. Requirements for equipping the office with equipment and
fixtures.
2.10.5.1. The number of student PCs required to equip the ICT room should be at the rate of one computer per student, taking into account the division of the class into two groups.
2.10.5.2. The IWT cabinet should include one machine for the teacher with appropriate peripheral equipment.
2.10.5.3. The IWT cabinet must be equipped with a graphic projector, a video recorder, a TV set (diagonal not less than 61 cm), a slide projector and a screen.
2.10.5.4. The demonstration TV is mounted 1.5 m from the floor on a bracket to the left of the blackboard.
2.10.5.5. The graphic projector should be located on a pedestal next to the teacher's desk.
2.10.5.6. When demonstrating filmstrips and transparencies (with a screen width of 1.2-1.4 m), the distance from the screen to the first tables of students (for theoretical classes) should be at least 2.7 m, and to the last tables no more than 8.6 m.
The height of the lower edge of the screen above the podium is at least 0.8 m.
The optimal zone for watching TV shows and videos is located at a distance of at least 2.7 m from the TV screen to the first double tables of students (during theoretical classes).
2.10.6. Requirements for equipping the classroom with educational equipment and necessary documentation.
2.10.6.1. The composition of educational equipment in the office of the MVT is determined by the "List of computer equipment, educational equipment, basic and applied software for computer science classrooms, classes with VDT and PC in educational institutions of the general secondary education system."
2.10.6.2. The IT cabinet should be equipped with:
Educational software for the course "Fundamentals of Informatics and Computer Engineering", both basic and specialized;
Tasks for the implementation of an individual approach in teaching, organizing independent work and exercises for students on computers;
A set of popular science, reference and methodological literature;
Journal of introductory and periodic safety briefings for students (recommended);
Journal of the use of a set of educational computer equipment at each workplace;
Journal of machine failure and repair;
Holders for demonstrating tables and stands for exhibiting students' work;
An inventory book for accounting for the educational equipment available in the classroom, annual plans for the retrofitting of KIVT approved by the school principal;
pharmacy first aid;
Fire extinguishing equipment.
2.10.6.3. In the IWT office there should be a card file of educational equipment indicating the storage locations.
2.10.7. Requirements for placement and storage of equipment
2.10.7.1. Educational equipment and aids should be placed and stored in a sectional cabinet located in the laboratory and having adjustable shelves and half-shelves, according to the sections of the program.
2.10.7.2. Demonstration aids and DIY equipment should be kept separate.
2.10.7.3. Discs with software should be stored in special small boxes, protected from dust and light, according to classes and sections of the program; the drawers are placed in the cabinet, and the places for storing disks in it are marked with inscriptions.
2.10.7.4. Tables should be stored in boxes under the blackboard or in special compartments according to sections of the program and classes, taking into account the dimensions.
2.10.7.5. Audiovisual aids should be stored on cabinet shelves, filmstrips and transparencies - in stacks with recesses for boxes. Cells and boxes must be labeled.
2.10.7.6. Reference, educational and methodical and popular scientific literature should be stored on the shelves of the cabinet.
2.10.8. Requirements for the interior design of the office of informatics and computer technology
2.10.8.1. The manuals necessary for the study of individual topics, sections of the course, should be exhibited on the wall of the office, opposite the blackboard.
2.10.8.2. For the exposition of books and materials, the cabinet should be equipped with removable stands.
2.10.8.3. On the wall opposite the windows, boards are placed with reference tables permanently located in the classroom, acquainting students with safety regulations, the main computer components and their functions.
2.10.8.4. On one of the walls, along with the stands, a table "Rules for the work of students on a PC and VDT" should be placed.
2.10.8.5. Different fonts can be used in the design of stands: printed and handwritten, Arabic and Gothic. Headings and subheadings should be in the same style.
See the full text of the material Sanitary and hygienic requirements for the office of computer science and ICT in the downloadable file.
The page contains a snippet.
The premises of the IWT cabinet must have natural and artificial lighting in accordance with SanPiN 2.2.2.542-96.
The main stream of natural light should be on the left. The orientation of window openings should be north or northeast. It is not allowed to direct the main luminous flux of natural light behind and in front of the PC operating. With double-sided lighting at a depth of more than 6 m in the cabinet, a right-sided lighting device is required, the height of which must be at least 2.2 m from the floor.
In the lighting installations of the IWT cabinet, a general lighting system should be used, made by ceiling or pendant fluorescent lamps, evenly spaced along the ceiling in rows in the form of solid lines on both sides of the desktop with a PC or VDT. Lamps, as well as window light apertures, should not be reflected on the screens of a PC or VDT.
The illumination of the surface of student tables under artificial lighting should be in the range of 300-500 lux. Luminaires must have light-scattering fittings.
For classrooms with PCs and VDTs, lamps of the LP036 series with high-frequency start-controlled devices (VCHPRA) should be used. It is possible to allow the use of luminaires without VChPRA in the "oblique light" modification.
In rooms with a PC, due to air pollution by anthropogenic organic substances and carbon dioxide, it is recommended to have supply and exhaust ventilation that provides optimal temperature and humidity conditions for all climatic zones.
In the absence of supply and exhaust ventilation, air conditioning can be arranged using household air conditioners.
Calculation of air conditioners should be carried out by a ventilation engineer depending on their performance, the amount of excess heat from cars, people, solar radiation and artificial lighting sources.
The IWT office should be equipped with a washbasin with hot and cold water supply.
The power supply of the cabinet must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 28139-89 and PUE.
The supply of electrical voltage to the tables of students and teachers must be stationary and hidden.
The location of the electrical panel and the Residual Current Device should give the teacher the ability to instantly turn off the power supply system. Recommended placement is to the left or right of the chalkboard.
To ensure fire safety, the office of the MBT must be equipped with 2 carbon dioxide fire extinguishers (type OU-2).
For painting walls and panels, light colors of paints should be used (p = 0.5-0.6). The composition of the paints must exclude the occurrence of lime dust.
The surfaces of the enclosing structures of the cabinet, blackboard, desktops should be matte.
The surface of the floor must be smooth, without potholes, non-slip, easy to clean and wet cleaning, and have antistatic properties.
For interior decoration of the interior of premises with PCs and VDTs, it is not allowed to use synthetic materials that emit harmful chemicals and compounds into the air. These include chipboard, laminated paper plastic, washable wallpaper, rolled synthetic coatings, etc.
The noise level at the workplace in all classrooms with VDT and PC should not exceed 50 dBA. (Sanitary norms for permissible noise in the premises of residential and public buildings and on the territory of residential development N 3077-84, clause 7.2).
Requirements for the premises of the ICT office
The office of informatics and computer technology (MWT) is organized as an educational unit of a secondary general education and vocational school, a training and production plant, equipped with a set of educational computer equipment (KUVT), teaching and visual aids, educational equipment, furniture, office equipment and devices for conducting theoretical and practical, classroom, extra-curricular activities in the course "Fundamentals of Informatics and Computer Engineering" (OIVT), both basic and specialized. In addition, KIVT can be used in teaching various subjects, labor training.
The area of the premises of the IWT office is determined in accordance with the requirements of the regulatory document "Educational and material base of an educational institution of general secondary education" part I. "Norms and requirements for educational buildings and school plots", as well as SanPiN 2.2.2.542-96.
Placement of KIVT in all educational institutions in the basement and basement is not allowed.
The minimum area per one PC must be at least 6 square meters. m., and the volume - not less than 24.0 cubic meters. m. with a height of at least 4 m. With a lower height of the training room, it is recommended to increase the area by one workplace.
At the office of IWT, a laboratory area of at least 18 square meters should be organized. m. The laboratory room should have two exits: to the training room and to the landing or to recreation.
The area of the office should allow you to arrange furniture in it in compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards.
The front wall of the KIVT is equipped with a blackboard for felt-tip pens, a screen, a cabinet for storing visual aids and information media.
At the entrance to the IWT office, built-in or wall-mounted cabinets (shelves) for briefcases should be provided.
To the left of the blackboard, in the teacher's working area, an electrical switchboard with a control panel for power supply to the workplaces of the teacher and students should be fixed on the wall.
Drawers for tables are installed under the board or separately under the stands. Holders (or a bar with holders) are attached to the upper edge of the board for hanging tables.
On the wall opposite the windows, exposition boards with permanent and temporary information are placed.
Along the back wall, it is possible to install a sectional cabinet for storing educational equipment and information media, depending on the area of the office.
The upper part of the back wall of the classroom should be designed to display the manuals necessary for studying individual topics of the program.
The microclimate of industrial premises, which is determined by air temperature, its composition and pressure, relative humidity, and the speed of flow, has a great influence on the well-being and performance of a person. In accordance with GOST 12.1.005-76 and SNiP II-4-79, the following sanitary and hygienic requirements /16/ should be observed.
Small deviations in the content of gases that make up atmospheric air (nitrogen -78.08%, oxygen -20.95%, carbon dioxide -0.03%, argon and other gases -0.94%), and first of all a decrease in the concentration of oxygen and an increase in the content of carbon dioxide, reduce performance, and with significant deviations from the norm, the atmosphere becomes dangerous for human life.
The well-being of a worker largely depends on the ambient temperature (over 20C), a person quickly gets tired, his ability to work decreases, the body relaxes, sweating increases.
In this regard, sanitary standards establish the permissible temperature of industrial premises (below 13C), classrooms, offices, laboratories, educational institutions (16-20 C), gyms, lobbies, corridors (14-16 C).
The humidity of the air also affects the well-being of a person. According to sanitary standards, the permissible humidity in classrooms should be 40-60%, in the warm season, an increase of up to 75% is possible.
It is important for the well-being of a person the movement of the surrounding air. This parameter is also defined by sanitary standards. The average speed of air movement in educational institutions should be 0.2-0.5 m/s in the cold and transitional seasons and 0.5-1.5 m/s in the warm season.
To maintain a normal air composition that meets hygienic requirements in the training and production and auxiliary rooms, to remove harmful gases, vapors and dust from them, ventilation is used.
Ventilation is the controlled air exchange in the room. Ventilation is also called devices that create. In the absence of additional hazards, the air exchange rate is 20 m3 / h per person.
The office and workshops, regardless of the presence of ventilation devices, must have opening transoms or other devices for ventilation controlled from the floor in the window openings. The opening area of transoms or vents must be at least 1/50 of the floor area to ensure three air exchanges per hour.
According to the experience of computer technology classrooms, its area can be determined from the condition of 4.5-5 m2 per 1 student, the optimum temperature is 17-21 C, humidity is 40-60%. Due to the operation of machines, cabinets are characterized by an increase in heat generation, so it is necessary to provide for forced ventilation of the cabinets.
Good lighting of workplaces is one of the most important requirements of labor protection.
With insufficient lighting, visual perception decreases, myopia develops, eye diseases and headaches appear. Due to the constant strain of vision, visual fatigue occurs.
Normal illumination is of great importance for educational institutions, where about 90% of all information received is perceived with the help of vision. Usually three types of lighting are used: natural, artificial and mixed.
In educational institutions, desks and tables are placed so that the light falls on the left side of the students.
Emergency lighting fixtures are connected to the mains: independent of the working lighting network.
To increase illumination due to the reflected light of the wall? Ceilings? The floors are painted in light colors: the ceilings are white, the upper parts of the walls are gray, blue, the lower ones are brown, gray, blue, dark green; blackboards - in brown or dark green, desk and table tops - in green, light green, bases of tables and chairs - in light colors.
One of the factors affecting labor safety is the rational coloring of the premises and equipment. Properly selected colors have a positive effect on the psyche of workers, reduce their visual and general fatigue.
When working with computers, it is important to observe favorable conditions for lighting. Bright light makes it difficult to read the indicators from the display, so on sunny days you should close the windows with light, light-colored curtains. To avoid reflections on the screen of surrounding objects, displays installed in the classroom should have some slope (10-15 0) towards the student or side shields and a small visor. In the evening, at dusk, it is recommended to illuminate the classroom with overhead light (150-300 lux).
