Buy drills for frozen soils. Frozen ground drilling. And the purpose and features of drilling engineering-geological wells in frozen soils

This auger is designed for drilling frozen or rocky soil. This auger is a special auger, which can be used for drilling mainly various wells. In particular, it is possible to drill wells for poles with a diameter of 200 mm and a depth of 800 mm. In order to achieve a significant reduction in the forces expended on drilling and at the same time speed up the work performed when drilling both frozen and directly rocky soil, it is necessary to use special removable blades that are designed specifically for this auger. At the same time, if necessary, the screw can be easily replaced. It should be noted that this screw the best way suitable for gas drills that have an above average power rating, as well as high power gas drills.

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INDUSTRIAL

AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR ENGINEERING SURVEYS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE USSR STATE CONSTRUCTION

MOSCOW- 1974

INDUSTRIAL

AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR ENGINEERING SURVEYS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE USSR STATE CONSTRUCTION

FOR DRILLING WELLS IN FROZEN SOILS FOR ENGINEERING GEOLOGICAL SURVEYS FOR CONSTRUCTION

STROYIZD AT - 1974

as a rule, occur under the established technological regimes and specifications for drilling a well. As a result of such violations, there is (d acceptable limits) an increase in the temperature of the surface of frozen soil samples and the walls of the well. At the same time, the obtained samples and soil monoliths are suitable in quality for geological documentation and laboratory research, and in the well itself, after a certain period of standing, a thermal regime close to natural is restored.

1.32. In case of irreparable violations, the distortions of the thermal regime of frozen soils are very significant and irreversible. Fatal violations occur when the established technological regimes and technical conditions for drilling a well are not observed, as well as for other reasons (for example, in the presence of several aquifers, when it is difficult to reliable waterproofing in the annulus).

1.33. As a result of fatal disturbances, an excessive increase in the temperature of frozen soil samples and borehole walls occurs, and sometimes they thaw. At the same time, soil samples turn out to be practically unsuitable for geological documentation and laboratory research, and the well itself cannot be further used for thermal logging.

1.34. The specific properties of frozen soils, associated with their temperature regime and cryogenic structure, determine a number of requirements for driving boreholes. The main of these requirements are:

preservation of temperature and structure of soil samples extracted to the surface;

elimination of the possibility of a significant (irreversible) violation temperature regime soils that make up the walls of the well.

1.35. During the production of drilling operations on surveys in areas of distribution of frozen soils, the following are distinguished: light, medium, heavy, and special conditions (Table 2). Average conditions, in turn, are divided into ordinary and increased complexity. Medium conditions of increased complexity are typical for areas of frozen ground distribution.

Table data. 2 should be used when choosing drilling equipment for transportability.

2. METHODS AND TECHNICAL MEANS FOR DRILLING WELLS

CHOICE OF THE METHOD OF BUREPIA

2.1. The method of drilling is selected depending on the physical, mechanical and thermal properties of frozen soils, the purpose and depth of the well, as well as the conditions of work.

2.2. The specific features of frozen soils and the requirements for their study significantly limit the possibilities of using existing methods drilling and their varieties. Permissible are only those methods that ensure the receipt of a soil sample with undisturbed temperature and structure and the preservation of the natural thermal regime in the well.

2.3 Recommended methods for drilling geotechnical projects in frozen ground are: column method "dry" and with purge compressed air(in individual cases with nr<*чыикой охлажденными солевыми или глинистыми растворами); ударно-канатный способ кольцевым забоем (клюющий и забивной), вибрационный способ. Допустимыми являются шнековый и ручной уларно-вращатсльныи способы.

2.4. The core drilling method "dry" is recommended to be used for driving mainly exploratory wells up to 30 m deep in non-rocky (hard-frozen, plastic-frozen) soils of IV-VI categories according to drilling capacity 1 . The use of this method in loose-frozen, coarse-grained. frozen fractured and monolithic rocky soils is not recommended.

The advantages of “dry” core drilling are the preservation of the natural thermal regime in the well, the possibility of obtaining samples with natural temperature and structure, and the elimination of the need to use flushing fluid and compressed air.

The disadvantages of the core method of drilling "dry" are relatively low productivity, a small amount of penetration per trip, a large amount of time spent on round trips, and the difficulty of drilling deep wells.

2.3. In combination with the “dry” core barrel method, in some cases it is recommended to use slow-rotation drilling using rock-breaking tools for manual drilling (spoon drills, coils). The slow-rotating method is used when drilling wells, for driving loosely frozen sandy soils (using spoon drills), plastic-frozen soils with a temperature close to 0 ° C (using spoon drills and less often - coils).

2.6. The core method with compressed air blowing is recommended for drilling exploratory and hydrogeological wells up to 100 m deep or more in non-rocky (hard-frozen, plastic-frozen), coarse-grained (voids of which are filled with ice) and in monolithic and slightly fractured rocky soils.

The use of blowdown drilling in loosely frozen sandy and coarse-clastic soils, as well as highly fractured rocky soils, is not recommended. The use of this method is impossible with strong water influxes in the well. Purge drilling is most appropriate to use in winter, when there is no need to cool the compressed air injected into the well. In summer perilt, compressed air is very hot and at the outlet of the compresso-g l ■ * ’VOT then "* erltura up to 4" 60 C (at atmospheric temperature Cch-spirit h-20 * C). Injection of heated air into the well can lead to a complete "thaw" of the core and to an irreversible violation of the thermal regime of the well.

Both in summer and in winter, the injected air should have a temperature approximately equal to the average annual ground temperature.

The advantages of the blowdown core method are: little effect on the natural thermal regime in the well and

Possibility of obtaining samples with undisturbed temperature and undisturbed structure; ensuring the possibility of sinking deep wells in non-rocky and rocky soils; high productivity and significant penetration per flight. Under optimal conditions, drilling with blowdown provides an increase in drilling speed by 1.5-2 times in comparison with flushing and a cost reduction by 1.2-1.3 times.

The disadvantages of the column method with purge are: limited scope; the impossibility of drilling in flooded soils and the bulkiness of the equipment used.

2.7. The core method with flushing with cooled saline and clay solutions can be used for drilling wells up to 100 m or more deep in rocky soils. Drilling with flushing with cooled brine solutions should be used when driving monolithic or weakly fractured soils, and with flushing with cooled clay solutions - frozen fractured soils. In accordance with SNiP I-ALZ-69, when drilling wells in hard-frozen and plastic-frozen non-rocky soils, it is prohibited to use flushing fluids.

The advantages of the method are the possibility of drilling wells of considerable depth, high productivity, and significant penetration per run; The disadvantages are a limited scope, high labor intensity associated with the need to prepare a clay solution and maintain a predetermined negative temperature of the flushing fluid.

2.8. Auger drilling with an annular slaughter is recommended for linear surveys. A core auger drill designed by the Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Railways and others should be used as a rock cutting tool and a core taker.

2.9. The shock-rope method with annular slaughter is recommended for drilling wells up to 10-15 m deep in plastically frozen (with a temperature close to 0 ° C) and loosely frozen sandy soils. The use of this method in loose-frozen coarse-grained, hard-frozen non-rocky and frozen rocky soils is not recommended. Driving cups are used as a tool (without a valve and with a valve).

2.10. For drilling high-temperature frozen non-cohesive soils containing a significant amount of non-frozen water, the shock-rope pecking method should be used.

The advantages of the method are low power consumption, low time spent on tripping operations, preservation of the natural thermal regime in the well, simplicity of the equipment used and drilling technology. The disadvantage of this method is the limited scope both in terms of drilling depth, tan and soil types.

"The vibrational method for drilling frozen soils for engineering and geological purposes was first used in Dalstroyproskte. Vibrodrilling was carried out by the BULIZ-15 drilling rig. When drilling wells, samples of frozen soil of good quality were obtained and a relatively high mechanical drilling speed was achieved.

high-temperature plastic-frozen soils without inclusions of groats-detrital material.

2.12. For drilling hard-frozen low-temperature non-rocky and rocky soils, it is recommended to use the percussion-rotary method of drilling with pneumatic hammers. This method has the same advantages as column purge, but has a higher throughput.

2.13. The manual percussion-rotary method can be used for drilling sounding and exploration wells with a depth of not more than 15 m in especially hard-to-reach areas with a small amount of work. Manual drilling is quite effective when driving non-rock plastic-frozen, loose-frozen and less often hard-frozen soils. It should be borne in mind that drilling of coarse-clastic soils by this method is difficult. The disadvantages of manual drilling are low productivity, a small amount of penetration per trip, and high labor intensity.

2.14. In manual drilling, mainly short (up to 1-4.5 m) core barrels with standard and specially reinforced carbide crowns are used, as well as spoon drills (with conventional and special blade filling), coils (spiral drills). When drilling non-cohesive sandy and coarse-grained heavily watered soils, bailers and, less often, bits are used.

2.15. When drilling wells crossing interbedded frozen and non-frozen soils, it is recommended to use combined drilling methods (for example, dry-hole core drilling and shock-rope solid-hole; dry-core and slow-rotating; shock-rope with ring and solid bottoms, etc.).

RIG SELECTION

2.17. For the conditions of engineering surveys in areas of frozen soils, the most suitable are self-propelled caterpillar units with high cross-country ability, as well as portable and stationary (collapsible for transport units) machines that can be delivered to the place of work by any type of transport.

2.18. Depending on the conditions of drilling operations, when choosing the type of drilling rig or installation for transportability, it is necessary to be guided by the instructions in Table. 3.

2.19. As noted, the most widely used in the drilling of frozen soils is the core drilling method "dry". At the same time, a satisfactory quality of the frozen soil samples taken can be ensured only at a reduced tool rotation speed (within 15-60 rpm). The use of higher rotation speeds of the tool can lead to unacceptable thawing of the sampled core and borehole walls. Along with this, in accordance with the requirements for the quality and diameter of frozen soil core samples, it is recommended to choose a minimum drilling diameter of at least 92-112 mm. Therefore, the selected drilling rig must ensure the drilling of wells of the required depth with a final diameter not

less than 92 mm with a tool rotation speed of not more than 60 rpm. These requirements are largely met by existing core drilling rigs.

2.20. Portable drilling stations are recommended for drilling sounding wells up to the bottom of the seasonal thawing or freezing layer with a diameter of up to 89 mm: Ml, D-10M, PBU-10, PVBSM-15, UPB-25 (UKB-12.5 / 25). The listed portable machines have drilling tool rotation speeds, as a rule, in the range of 100--300 rpm. It is recommended to upgrade these machines by installing reduction gears.

2.21. Transportable (mobile) drilling rigs (mainly percussion drilling with annular bottom hole) can be recommended for drilling wells in light and partly medium conditions. This type includes installations: UBP-15M, D-5-25, BUKS-LGT, BUV-1B. These installations are recommended for drilling wells up to 15 m deep with an initial diameter of up to 168 mm in high-temperature (0-0.5 ° C) plastic-frozen soils, as well as in areas where “island” permafrost is developed. In some cases, it is advisable to mount the transported installations on skids and transport them with a tractor.

2.22. Vehicle-based self-propelled rigs are recommended for drilling exploratory wells, mainly in light

conditions.<К числу рекомендуемых самоходных установок относятся: БУЛИЗ-15, АВБ-2.М, УБР-2, УГБ-50М, ЛБУ-50. СБУДМ-150-ЗИВ. УРБ-2А. Так же как и перевозимые установки на колесном ходу, са-моходные установки в зимний период целесообразно устанавливать на полозья и транспортировать их трактором. В отдельных случаях эти установки вообще могут быть перемонтированы на тракторную базу.

2.23. Self-propelled crawler drilling rigs are recommended for drilling shallow geotechnical wells in basic and medium (partially light) conditions. Recommended installations are: URB-1V, LVB-TM, USH-2T, USHB-TM.

2.24. Stationary drilling rigs should be used in all ycjiiHiiit "". when driving deep (up to 100 m and more) wells. Pt*M)Mi4i / ugly inlayup I punks: 1IZH-2M-100. NK-150. UKB-200/300. "P1F." 100M, SBA-Sh), They usually install closed tsp-lik / m, mounted on skids, and transported by tractor. In difficult conditions, machines are dismantled into blocks and mounted on site.

Rational areas of application, a brief description and technical characteristics of the machines listed above are given in Appendix 1.

3. TECHNOLOGY FOR DRILLING WELLS IN FROZEN SOILS

3.1. The degree of impact of the drilling process on the selected samples and the natural temperature regime of frozen soils are largely determined by the drilling technology. It is important to correctly choose those regime parameters of drilling that have a particularly strong effect on heat generation and wells. These primarily include the speed of rotation of the drilling tool, axial load and the temperature of the compressed air during blowdown or the injected fluid during well flushing.

3.2. An increase in the rotation speed of the drilling tool inevitably leads to an increase in the amount of heat generated in the bottomhole zone. To reduce the amount of heat release during drilling, as a rule, it is necessary to strive to reduce the rotation speed of the drilling tool.

3.3. Compressed air and flushing fluid used to clean the well from cuttings, in relation to frozen soils, are also carriers of excess heat. Therefore, the temperature of the air flowing through the flushing liquid should, if possible, be close to the temperature of frozen soils. Non-compliance with the thermal regime of drilling with compressed air purge leads to intense sticking of cuttings to the borehole walls with the formation of seals above the drilling tool. When drilling with flushing, the walls of the core are destroyed when they are thawed, ice is formed in the well in the form of “sludge” or the wellbore freezes.

3.4. When developing a technological regime, first of all, it is necessary to carefully study all the materials on the geology of the site, conduct a comprehensive analysis of the existing work on drilling a well in the survey area.

3.5. When choosing a drilling tool, it must be taken into account that the degree of soil destruction with a drill bit is determined by their temperature and physical and mechanical properties. Afterbirth-

INTRODUCTION

The intensive development of capital construction in Siberia, the Far East and the Far North of the USSR requires a significant increase in the volume of engineering and geological surveys. The main features of these areas are the wide distribution of permafrost soils and extremely severe climatic conditions. These features have a significant impact both on the production of surveys as a whole, and on each type of work separately.

The most important tasks of engineering-geological surveys in the areas of frozen soils are: search and selection of sites and routes favorable for construction; assessment of engineering-geological (especially permafrost) conditions at selected sites; allocation of sites unfavorable for construction (especially those where permafrost physical and geological processes and phenomena are developed); forecast of changes in the temperature regime of permafrost foundation soils and other engineering and geological permafrost conditions during the operation of the designed buildings and structures. Obviously, the successful solution of these problems is possible on the basis of the widespread use of drilling operations. The study of frozen soils at great depths can only be carried out with the help of boreholes. Rational integration of drilling operations with other research methods (geophysical, field experimental, aerial photometric, etc.) allows obtaining the highest quality information about the composition, condition and physical and mechanical properties of frozen soils.

The technique and technology of drilling frozen soils differ significantly from the equipment and technology used in drilling non-frozen soils. These differences relate mainly to the designs of the rock cutting tool and the operating parameters of drilling.

The list of drilling methods and machines that can be successfully used for drilling wells in frozen soils is also quite limited. It should also be borne in mind that in areas where frozen soils are distributed, drilling operations are complicated by the severity of the climate, the impossibility in many cases of organizing work in the summer (or vice versa, in the winter), the lack of satisfactory access roads to boreholes, the remoteness of repair bases and sources electricity and. finally, the difficulty of ensuring normal living conditions for the service personnel. Along with this brown work in frozen soils, the same features are inherent in many respects, which are characteristic of all engineering surveys in general. General requirements for drilling wells for survey purposes are set out in the "Recommendations for the production of drilling operations in engineering geological surveys for construction" (M., Stroyizdat, 1970). In these Recommendations, the main attention is paid to the specific features of drilling engineering-geological wells in frozen soils.

numerical domestic and foreign publications. The most widely used were the works of A. F. Maramzin, A. M. Magurdu-mooa, I. P. Elmanov and others, as well as the methodological guidance<По-левые геокриологические исследования» (Издательство Академии наук СССР. М.. 1961).

The recommendations are intended for workers involved in engineering surveys for construction in permafrost areas, as well as for scientific and technical personnel of research, design and engineering organizations.

and PURPOSE AND FEATURES OF DRILLING GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING WELLS IN FROZEN SOILS

1.1. Boreholes in engineering-geological surveys in frozen soils are carried out to solve the following tasks: establishing the theological structure of the site (section), lithological composition of soils, temperature state of soils (frozen or frozen), depths of seasonally freezing and seasonally thawing layers, cryogenic textures and ice content of soils ; soil sampling; determining the hydrogeological conditions of the area, the thermal regime of soils; interpretation of geoelectrical sections and sections of elastic wave velocities.

1.2. Drilling wells in surveys are subdivided according to:

value, design depth of drilling, rock hardness and stability of well walls, conditions for drilling operations (mainly conditions for transporting drilling equipment).

In table. Figure 1 summarizes the classification of wells for engineering surveys in construction.

1.3. In engineering surveys in permafrost soils, boreholes are recommended to be used for complex studies.

1.4. Probing wells in surveys in areas where permafrost soils are distributed mainly to determine the depths of seasonal thawing or freezing of soils. Probing wells are predominant at the initial stages of surveys and are carried out during permafrost survey of the territory.

1.5. The purpose of exploration wells is to study the geological section in detail. A soil sample (core) extracted from exploratory wells is used to determine the features of a geological section: the sequence in the occurrence of layers, the state of soils (frozen or non-frozen), their thickness and contact positions, textural and structural features of the soil (layering, separation, dispersion, type structures, the presence of primings, nests, inclusions, including ice, etc.), the density and consistency of the soil corresponding to natural conditions, the moisture content and water content of the soil, etc. observation.

A variety of exploratory wells are technical wells, the main purpose of which is to take soil samples with undisturbed natural composition (monoliths) to determine the physical and mechanical properties of the soil. From technical wells, continuous, interval and single sampling of monoliths can be carried out. In permafrost soils, all exploration wells are used for sampling and monoliths.

1.6. Hydrogeological wells are drilled in order to study the filtration properties of soils and to search for and characteristics of groundwater flows, to conduct experimental pumping, filling, injection and regime observations of changes in the level of groundwater. Hydrogeological observations can also be made in the process of drilling wells: directly during their penetration and in the case of

the use of special formation testers and instruments for studying well intervals using the flowmeter method.

Hydrogeological wells can simultaneously be exploratory wells until the opening of groundwater. Their main difference from the latter is the relatively large drilling diameter, due to the need to install water-lifting means in the well. If the task of detailed geological documentation is not set when drilling these wells, the drilling can be carried out without core sampling.

1.7. To carry out special work in wells, as well as to ensure the possibility of lowering a person into them, wells for special purposes are drilled (for example, large diameter wells). This group of wells also includes workings, the nature of the experimental work in which requires the use of special equipment or special technology for their sinking.

1.8. Among the specific tasks that arise when drilling frozen grounds are the provision of the possibility of determining their natural temperature regime in wells and the selection of samples to determine the physical-mechanical and tellophysical characteristics. The rules for sampling frozen soils are determined by their composition, temperature and the purpose of the study.

1.9. Boreholes are used for the production of thermoburst, as well as experimental field work.

1.10. The following types of work can be carried out in hydrogeological wells: routine monitoring of changes in the level, temperature and chemical composition of water; determination of the direction and speed of groundwater movement.

1.11. From the number of geophysical studies in exploration wells, resistivity logging (RL), lateral logging sounding (BKZ), and ultrasonic logging are carried out. In addition, wells are used as reference wells in the production of vertical electrical sounding (VES), electrical profiling (EG1) and seismic exploration.

1.12. The diameters of wells, depending on their purpose, as a rule, vary within the following limits:

probing .... 33-89 mm

exploration.....108-219 »

hydrogeological. .up to 42G mm and more special purpose > 200 » » >

1.13. The design depth of the wells depends on the stage of engineering and geological surveys, as well as the thickness of the thermoactive zone of the base soils.

1.14. When surveying for a technical project, the depth of the wells is determined by the depth of annual temperature fluctuations in soils, r during surveys for working drawings - by the thickness of the hermetic zone. In the first case, the average depth of the well is 12-15 m, in the second, 20-30 m. The depth of the sounding wells in all cases is equal to the depth of seasonal thawing or freezing of soils during drilling.

1.15. In accordance with the nomenclature of soils according to SNiP N-B. 6-66 frozen soils according to their condition are divided into hard-frozen and loose-frozen.

1.16. Frozen soils are rocks firmly cemented by ice, characterized by relatively brittle fracture; they are practically incompressible. Hard-frozen soils include sandy and clay soils if their temperature is lower (in °С):

for dusty sands

e sandy loam » loam » clay. . ,

1.17. Plastic-frozen soils include ice-cemented soils with viscous properties (due to the content of a significant amount of unfrozen water in them). These soils are characterized by the ability to compress under loads. Plastically frozen soils include sandy and clayey soils with a degree of filling of pores with ice and unfrozen water G ^ 0.8, if their temperature is in the range from 0 ° C to the values ​​\u200b\u200bspecified for hard frozen soils.

1.18. Loose-frozen soils include sandy and coarse-grained soils that are not cemented by ice (due to low humidity).

the presence of ice in them (in the form of ice-cement, as well as ice inclusions and interlayers); change in the temperature regime of soils in violation of natural conditions; change in the physical and mechanical properties of soils when their temperature changes.

1.19. The specific features of permafrost soils that should be taken into account when assigning drilling regimes include:

1.20. When the temperature of the frozen soil changes, the amount of ice-cement in it changes, and the soil can go from a solid-measure state to a plastic-frozen state (with an increase in temperature), and vice versa.

Loosely frozen soils and monolithic rocky soils, as a rule, do not change their mechanical properties when their temperature changes. Fractured rocky and coarse-grained soils, the cracks and voids of which are filled with ice, can change their mechanical properties during thawing.

1.21. Permafrost soils, compared to similar non-frozen soils, have higher strength properties due to the cementing ability of ice.

1.22. The main factors affecting the drillability of frozen soils are composition, cryogenic structure, temperature, physical properties, including the mineral part of soils, which generally determine their hardness, viscosity, abrasiveness and other properties. Below is a brief description of the main types of frozen soils.

1.23. Frozen soils with a massive texture are characterized by the presence of mainly porous ice and have a small ice content due to ice inclusions (equal to or less than 0.03 of the volume of frozen soil). These soils have a relatively uniform alternation of mineral particles, pore ice crystals (ice-cement), which holds the mineral particles together into a monolithic mass, and rare ice inclusions. Frozen ground with layered and reticulated text-

swarms are characterized by high humidity, have an ice content (due to ice inclusions: lenses and interlayers) of more than 0.03 volume.

1.21 Frozen soils in almost all cases contain unfrozen water, the amount of which depends on the temperature, composition and salinity of the soil. The presence of unfrozen water in the pores in frozen soils gives them the property of plasticity in their natural state.

1.25. Hard-frozen soils, due to the low content of unfrozen water, are characterized by less plasticity. When drilling, such soils are split with a hard-alloy bit along the ice cleavage plane, producing large detrital cuttings.

1.26. Due to the significant content of unfrozen water, plastic-frozen soils are characterized by increased plasticity and viscosity. Due to their high plasticity, such soils are more slowly destroyed during drilling and require an increase in torque, bottomhole pressure and power during core drilling or an increase in energy and frequency of impacts during percussion drilling.

1.27. Loose-frozen soils and monolithic rocky soils, due to low moisture content, are similar to non-frozen soils in terms of the degree of drilling.

1.28. The properties of frozen soils are very sensitive to the slightest disturbance of the natural thermal regime of the latter. Therefore, when drilling wells, the temperature of frozen soils should not be significantly distorted.

1.29. During drilling, the natural thermal regime and the structure of frozen soils can change under the influence of the following factors:

heat release as a result of friction of the working parts of rock cutting tips, core pipes, spoon drills and other soil samplers on the sample (core) and the borehole wall;

heat exchange in the wellbore between the well-cleaning agent (flushing fluid, compressed air), if the latter is used, and the surrounding soil; between the walls of the well and the outside air, if the wellhead is not closed during long breaks in drilling; and also as a result of the circulation of surface and ground waters in the wellbore and in the annulus.

1.30. The thermal regime in a drilled thermometric well is significantly distorted in case of violation of natural heat transfer on the soil surface - under the influence of the following factors:

significant disturbance on the surface of vegetative soil (including grass, moss), as well as snow cover within the drilling site, at a distance approximately in a radius from the well, equal to its depth;

non-compliance with the existing rules and requirements of thermal logging operations when installing a surface conductor and special equipment * ”and the head of a surface conductor or casing string.

Violations of the natural thermal regime of frozen soils under the influence of the above factors can in some cases be eliminated, in others they turn out to be unremovable.

1.31. In the case of correctable violations, the distortions are insignificant and are reversible. Correctable violations like

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Description

The design of BTKP series drills — a non-turn body made of high-quality steel, a powerful burr and reinforced cutting teeth with double fastening in a holder welded into the drill body — ensures high strength characteristics of the tool. Due to the use of individual geometry, the tool implements cutting forces and group chipping during the drilling process. This allows you to significantly increase the productivity of drilling. The BTKP drills use an unparalleled design solution - removable cutting teeth of a special original design, which makes it possible to fix the cutter as rigidly as possible, as an alternative to welded ones. This made it possible to significantly increase the maintainability of the drills and eliminate long-term downtime in the event of cutter breakage, since dismantling and welding operations are not required to restore the drill's performance. The replacement of incisors is carried out in the shortest possible time in the field and does not require the involvement of specialists. But at the same time, reliable fastening of the cutting elements and their sufficient strength when cutting frozen and non-frozen soils are ensured. The cutters are positioned in the drill body in compliance with the optimal angles. A special powerful auger has been developed for BTKP drills, which makes it possible to effectively destroy frozen soil. The burr is equipped with the same cutters as the drill itself. With the same diameter, the non-turn cone drill BTKP in terms of its productivity and working life significantly (according to test results - 3-5 times) exceeds any paddle reinforced drills used in northern conditions. In addition, it provides a reduction in the load on the drilling rig, which increases its interservice period and saves on maintenance. Reinforced BTKP bits have a long service life and are optimal for large volumes of drilling operations in cases where drilling in various types of soil is required within the same project. Drills can be used with any type of auger tools and drill rods. The tool is patented and certified.

Universal cone drills BTKP are a reinforced version of the tool, designed to penetrate non-viscous thawed soils of any kind II-VI category of drillability according to SNiP IV-2-91, frozen soils IV-VI category of drillability according to SNiP IV-2-91 - frozen and icy sandy loam , sand, clay and clayey soils (aleurites, etc.), loam, peat, including those with inclusions of gravel, pebbles or rocks (inclusions up to 20%, without boulders), as well as soft rock soils of the IV-V drillability category according to SNiP IV-2-91 and soils of a mixed type (argillites, margil clays, conglomerate on sandy-clay cement, etc.).

As a rule, the need to drill frozen ground can arise in different situations. This also applies to drilling wells for water, and work on the extraction of any materials, and other works. But drilling icy soil is much harder than normal. Therefore, this matter needs to be approached more thoroughly and seriously.

Drilling wells in frozen ground should be done slowly, as haste can lead to poor quality drilling or tool breakage.

To drill the soil with your own hands as correctly and easily as possible, you need to follow some very important rules. But keep in mind that the rules described below will apply specifically to drilling in the cold season. Therefore, for an ordinary process of this kind, they can be neglected.

Drilling preparation

Before you start drilling wells in frozen soil, you need to choose the right drilling tool. To work with this type of land, it is necessary to purchase a drill of such length that the cable sleeve with a socket is 2 meters higher than the cuttings that are in the well. This requires the presence of cross or rounded chisels on the tool. Experts also advise attaching the required number of drill rods to the bit. After all, the process will go much more productively.

Conical drill (zaburnik) for frozen soils.

Before starting work, be sure to check the reliability of the cable with which you will get the drilling tool. This is very important, because if the cable breaks, it will be very difficult to get the drill, and this is just additional trouble.

If the well to be drilled reaches one meter, then it is advisable to additionally weld plates of fairly strong steel to the working edges of the bit. Another equally good option is welding electrodes.

It is very important to ensure good drilling pressure during development. As a rule, it is achieved by optimal operation of the working edges of the bit. If the edges become blunt over time, then the pressure decreases accordingly. The conclusion is to sharpen the edges in time.

When drilling frozen soils, it is very important to check the degree of wear of the drilling tool (in particular, the working edges) after each lifting with a cable. As a rule, each type of soil has its own wear levels. Therefore, this must be constantly monitored. Otherwise, instead of a normal hole, a funnel-shaped hole will appear during the drilling process, where the drill will constantly get stuck and deteriorate.