A common sentence is a simple sentence (see), which (in contrast to a non-common sentence; see) includes minor members, explaining and clarifying the subject, predicate or sentence as a whole. The expansion of the composition of the sentence occurs due to words and phrases that appear in the form predetermined by the subject or predicate, or in the form fixed in language system to express certain components of the meaning of the sentence, for example: Did not come due to illness; * Snow clogged into the collars of windbreakers - squeezed the throat with an ice hoop * (Semyonov-Spassky); *Shut up about this! Morozna tried not to remember the trip to the hospital* (Fadeev). In an educated various kinds subordinating connection (coordination, control, adjoining) of the phrase there are definitive, object or subject relations, for example: do not remember the trip - management, object relations; a trip to the hospital - poor management, defining relationships.
The syntactic position of word forms that spread the entire sentence as a whole is at the beginning or less often at the end of the sentence. In one sentence there can be several such distributors (determinants, see), characterizing the sentence from different angles, having a subjective, objective or adverbial meaning, for example: “She has eyes navy blue, She has an unfaithful soul * (Balmont); * On your face, tenderly unsteady. The white beam pretended to smile...* (Annensky); * With the rink and parents became much calmer * (Nosov).
The internal composition of a sentence can be extended by a name, more often by a pronoun, in the form of dates. etc., which indicates the direction of the action, for example: * The bullet went through his very heart * (Turgenev). This role can be played by the infinitive, for example: Give paper to write a letter; gerund: Go away, go away.
A sentence is common if it contains open or closed rows of clarifying definitions, additions or circumstances united by a union or unionless bond, for example:<Лишь снег порхает - вечный, белый. Зимой - он площадь оснежит...* (Блок); *Вся моя жизнь озарилась любовью, именно вся, до самых мелочей, словно тёмная, заброшенная комната, в которую внесли свечку* (Тургенев).
The sentence is also extended by adding clarifying groups of word forms that are in a semi-predicative relationship with a sentence or a single word. These isolated semantic groups are distinguished intonationally, in writing - by commas or dashes, for example: ^ Throwing it [net], to the complete surprise of everyone, missed and captured only a jug with it ... * (Bulgakov); * So whispered Margarita Nikolaevna, looking at the crimson curtains pouring with the sun, restlessly dressing, combing her short curled hair in front of a triple mirror * (Bulgakov).
A common sentence is the introduction of syntactically independent word forms - appeals, plug-in structures, for example: * You are dear to me, it's sunset time * (Pleshcheev); * A wonderful musician came to her (I was friends with him) I. Dobrovsin * (Pasternak).
The terms R. P." and "uncommon sentence" are accepted primarily in school grammar.
Common suggestion? This question will be asked sooner or later by any student. What is this knowledge for? Most importantly, for morphological analysis.
What is a feature.
So how is the prevalence of a sentence determined? Firstly, all the grammatical foundations are immediately noted, then the secondary members of the sentence are found. If they are present, then the proposal is called common, if not, it is not common. This allows us to conclude that a common sentence is a sentence that consists of a grammatical basis and secondary members that complement it. “It snowed” is an uncommon sentence, but “it snowed yesterday” is a common one. There is one more subtlety.
When asked: “What is a common sentence?” many forget that there are grammatical foundations consisting of only one member. In such cases, the proposal can also be either widespread or non-common. For example, "Morning" is non-common, while "Cold Morning" is common.
Also, similar difficulties may arise when determining the type where any main member is omitted. As a rule, in such proposals it can be easily restored. For example: "I love strawberries, and Andrey loves raspberries." In the second grammatical basis, there is no predicate, but at the same time there is an addition "raspberry", therefore, such a sentence can be called common.
A sentence with different types of connection can immediately, automatically, be called a common sentence, since in such cases the dependent members in the sentence complement and reveal the meaning of the main part. You should also not confuse concepts such as “simple sentence” and “non-extended sentence”. In the first case, there is only one, and it can be complicated by participial phrases, definitions, comparative or participial phrases. And it may include several grammatical foundations, which may not be complicated by anything. For example: "The cat, as if sleeping near the door, winking an eye, was watching us intently." This example is a simple common sentence, since there is only one grammatical stem "the cat was watching." But the next one will be a complex non-common sentence: "The night has come, the moon has hidden, the grasshoppers have quieted down." There are three grammatical bases here, which are not complicated by anything, so the sentence is not common complex. Thus, first you need to clearly determine how many grammatical foundations the phrase contains and whether there are secondary members.
What is a common offer? The answer to this question can be found in this article. The definition of grammatical properties is necessarily required when making a morphological one, which is why one should know and distinguish them.
39. Read the text. Think of a title for it.
Morning comes. A brisk wind blew up. The trees rustled faintly. The sun flashed. The birds sang.
- Decide which two groups the sentences can be divided into.
- Write down sentences that consist of only main members.
40. Read the words.
Under, play, playful, hide and seek, foxes, bush.
- First, make a non-common sentence from these words, and then a common one. Explain how you will do it.
- Write down a common sentence.
41. Read
- Compare each pair of sentences: what are their similarities and differences?
- Complete any sentence with minor members to make it common.
- Write down your proposal.
Note! In a non-distributed sentence, the subject can be both before the predicate and after it.
42. Review the drawings.
- What word is missing in each sentence? Which member of the sentence will it be: subject or predicate? Explain your answer.
- Write the sentences with the missing words. Verbally complete the sentences with minor members so that they become common.
§ 1 Common and non-common sentences
The grammatical basis of a sentence is the subject and the predicate. These are the main members of the proposal. All other words in the sentence are secondary members.
To express our thoughts, we use different sentences: some sentences consist only of main members, others have both main and secondary ones.
Let's compare the two texts.
Autumn has come. The sky is overcast. The wind blows. Leaves are falling. The birds are screaming.
Cold autumn has come. The sky is getting darker and darker. A strong wind is blowing from the north.
Colored leaves fall to the ground. Flying birds are screaming.
What is the difference?
The sentences of the first text consist only of the main members - the subject and the predicate. Such proposals are called non-distributed.
The second text consists of sentences in which, in addition to the main members, there are also secondary ones. Such offers are called common.
§ 2 How to extend a sentence consisting of a grammatical stem
A sentence consisting only of a grammatical basis is easy to spread, for this you need to add secondary members to it. At the same time, secondary members give the sentence a different emotional coloring.
Consider an example.
You can distribute it in different ways:
The examples show how much they can differ in emotional coloring and content of sentences with the same grammatical basis.
§ 3 How to determine whether a sentence is common or not common
To determine which offer is in front of us - common or not common,
you need to find a grammatical basis in it
r and see if there are minor members in this sentence.
It would seem that the subject and predicate are two words, therefore, if there are more than two words in a sentence, then it is common. Such an opinion is erroneous. We can meet an uncommon sentence in which there are several subjects or predicates:
Conversely, there are common two-word sentences that do not have a subject or predicate:
Observe your speech and the speech of others. What sentences do we use most often? Certainly common. They help us convey information more accurately and in detail. With their help, we can find out where the event took place, when and how. Our speech becomes richer and brighter.
§ 4 Summary of the lesson
Sentences that consist only of main members are called non-extended. Sentences in which there are both main and secondary members are called common. A common sentence conveys information more accurately, in detail, expressively.
List of used literature:
- Buneev R.N., Buneeva E.V. Russian language. Textbook for grade 3. - M.: Balass, 2012.
- Buneeva E.V., Yakovleva M.A. Guidelines for the textbook "Russian language", grade 3. - M.: Balass, 2014. - 208s.
- Razumovskaya M.M., Lvova S.I., Kapinos V.I. and others. Russian language. Textbook for grade 5. - M .: Bustard, 2006. - 301s.
- Rosenthal D.E., Telenkova M.A. Dictionary-reference book of linguistic terms. - M.: Enlightenment, 1985. - 400s
- Isaeva N.E. Russian language workbook for grade 3.- M.: Balass, 2012.-78p.
Uncommon proposal
A proposal that does not contain minor members in its composition. It's been a hundred years(Pushkin). She didn't answer and turned away(Lermontov). How good, how fresh were the roses(Turgenev).
Dictionary-reference book of linguistic terms. Ed. 2nd. - M.: Enlightenment. Rosenthal D. E., Telenkova M. A.. 1976 .
See what "uncommon sentence" is in other dictionaries:
A one-part sentence, the main member of which, denoting the presence, existence of an object or phenomenon in the present or out of time, is expressed by a noun, a personal pronoun, a substantiated part of speech, having the form ... ...
TABLE OF CONTENTS- SPELLING I. Spelling of vowels in the root § 1. Checked unstressed vowels § 2. Unchecked unstressed vowels § 3. Alternating vowels § 4. Vowels after hissing § 5. Vowels after q § 6. Letters e e § 7. Letter y II. Spelling consonants ... ...
simple sentence parsing scheme- 1) structural diagram and predicative basis of a simple sentence; 2) structural features of a simple sentence: a) by the nature of the segmentation / non-segmentation of the sentence; b) according to the composition of the main members (two-part / one-part); if the offer...
- (analysis by parts of speech). If the object of analysis is a sentence, then its morphological composition is clarified, followed by a description of individual words belonging to one or another part of speech. First, permanent morphological ... ... Dictionary of linguistic terms
homogeneous members of the sentence Dictionary of linguistic terms T.V. Foal
homogeneous members of the sentence- Members included in a combination of words in which none of them is the main one. According to P.A. Lekanta, O.ch.p. any simple sentence can be complicated: 1) common and 2) non-common. O.ch.p. syntactically equivalent in ... ... Syntax: Dictionary
PUNCTUATION- @ Punctuation marks at the end of a sentence and at a break in speech XX. Punctuation marks at the end of a sentence and at a break in speech § 75. Period § 76. Question mark § 77. Exclamation mark § 78 ... A guide to spelling and style
