Collector heating of a two-story house. Heating scheme for a two-story house - choose and make the best heating system! Types of heating systems

Two-story houses require a special approach to the design and installation of heating systems. Here it is necessary to take into account the large length of pipelines, a large number of radiators, the height of the building and many other factors. What is the optimal heating scheme for a 2-storey private house? Let's try to answer this question in the framework of our review. In it we will look at:

Use of one-pipe and two-pipe heating systems;
Advantages of open and closed systems;
Location of expansion tanks;

We will also select the best and most optimal schemes that will allow us to build high-quality and efficient heating in a two-story house.

Natural and forced circulation

Two-story houses can have a very different area, ranging from a few tens to hundreds of square meters. They also differ in the location of the rooms, the presence of outbuildings and heated verandas, the position to the cardinal points. Based on these and many other factors, it is necessary to decide on the natural or forced circulation of the coolant.

A simple scheme of coolant circulation in a private house with a natural circulation heating system.

Heating schemes with natural circulation of the coolant are distinguished by their simplicity. Here, the coolant moves through the pipes on its own, without the help of a circulation pump - under the influence of heat, it rises up, enters the pipes, is distributed over the radiators, cools down and enters the return pipe to go back to the boiler. That is, the coolant moves by gravity, obeying the laws of physics.

The scheme of the heating system of a two-story private house, created using natural circulation, should provide for a limited length of pipelines - the length of horizontal sections should not exceed 30 meters. Otherwise, the natural hydraulic pressure is simply not enough to circulate the heated coolant. Also, its flow will be influenced by excess pipe bends and additional fittings.

If your home is small enough, you can get by with natural circulation heating. As for heating a large area, it is better to use forced circulation with a special pump. The advantages of such systems:

Scheme of a closed two-pipe heating system of a two-story house with forced circulation

More uniform heating of the entire household;
Significantly longer horizontal sections (depending on the power of the pump used, it can reach several hundred meters);
Possibility of more efficient connection of radiators (for example, diagonally);
Possibility of mounting additional fittings and bends without the risk of pressure drop below the minimum limit.

Thus, in modern two-story houses, it is best to use forced circulation heating systems. It is also possible to install a bypass, which will help you choose between forced or natural circulation in order to select the most optimal option. We make a choice towards coercive systems, as more effective.

Forced circulation has a couple of disadvantages - this is the need to purchase a circulation pump and the increased noise level associated with its operation.

Expansion tanks, open and closed systems

One-pipe open type heating system with forced circulation. The expansion tank must be at the highest point.

When creating heating in a two-story private house with your own hands, you need to think about the location of the expansion tank. If you plan to create an open system, then the tank is installed at the highest point of the heating system. Most often, it stands on the tops of vertical sections - this ensures the effective removal of air bubbles. Sometimes it is also placed on the return pipe, but such a scheme does not ensure the removal of air and forces the installation of additional pipes.

In closed heating systems are used:

Sealed expansion tanks;
Air vents;
Safety valves;
Thermomanometers.

Sealed tanks are hollow metal structures with a flexible internal baffle. This partition bends and takes on a part of the coolant that has expanded during heating. The heating system remains completely sealed. Air is removed through a special air vent, and if overpressure is detected, it will be released through a safety valve.

Open heating systems do not require the installation of air vents and safety valves, but they require the installation of a tank at the very top. As for closed systems, here the tank is placed near the heating boiler, along with the "security group". As a result, the cost of creating heating in a two-story private house increases, but residents have the opportunity to create heating with a non-freezing coolant.

In open heating systems, the use of coolants other than water is quite problematic. Therefore, we opt for closed systems, the installation of which will not cause huge additional costs.

Connecting radiators, one-pipe and two-pipe systems

In a two-pipe heating system, unlike a single-pipe heating system, all radiators have the same temperature and evenly heat the house.

Designing the heating of a private two-story house makes you think about the issue choice of one-pipe or two-pipe scheme. Single-pipe systems are easier to install, but they have one important drawback - the temperature of the coolant in the last radiator will be very low, so the room farthest from the boiler will be cold, which is very bad.

In single-pipe systems, radiators are connected according to the lower scheme, when the coolant enters from one side and leaves from the other side. If the house is not very large, and you want to save money and lay a one-pipe system, we recommend the Leningradka connection scheme - it involves creating a jumper between the input and output. As a result, part of the hot coolant will flow further along the jumper, and part will go to the radiator. Thanks to this, the heat will be distributed more evenly.

The scheme of the gravity heating system of a two-story private house, using a single-pipe system, may include the use of a circulation pump. As a result, we will get a fairly efficient one-pipe heating with uniform heat distribution. You can go even further by using the "Leningrad" and the circulation pump at the same time.

Heating projects for a private two-story house most often involve the creation of two-pipe systems with diagonal or lateral connection of radiators. The improved scheme even provides for a separate supply of heated coolant to the first and second floors, without bypassing two floors at once. It also includes the installation of fittings for the possible shutdown of the radiators of the heating system - due to this, the possibility of individual temperature control in individual rooms is realized.

Dual heating schemes for a two-story house

Considering the heating schemes of a two-story private house for do-it-yourself installation, it can be noted that some experts use double schemes - one-pipe and two-pipe sections are mounted here. For example, if there is a small room with a small radiator along the path of the coolant, then one pipe can pass through it.

Scheme of a collector heating system with forced circulation of the coolant.

We have already said that it is best to supply water to the floors in separate routes - if necessary, one of them can be quickly blocked and the heat supply limited. A completely economical scheme is also possible, when the horizontal sections of the pipes pass only along the first floor, and the heat supply to the upper floor is carried out by constructing vertical risers for each heating battery (or part of the batteries).

The following scheme provides for the installation of a kind of collector in the attic. One vertical pipe rises there, supplying hot coolant to this collector. After that, it is distributed by gravity to the radiators, flowing from top to bottom. The feasibility of using such a scheme is determined by a heating engineer, and its essence lies in the uniform distribution of heat and savings on pipes.

The collector scheme is interesting in that it is one-pipe and two-pipe at the same time, combining the advantages of both systems.

The final choice of the optimal heating scheme for a two-story private house lies with you. But remember that the more nodes in it, the higher the complexity of the system and the less reliable it is. Also, complex schemes provide for more complex calculations of the parameters of heating systems. For our part, we recommend choosing a two-pipe closed system with diagonal or lateral connection of radiators, as well as with forced circulation.

In modern conditions, when the increased level of consumer culture dictates its own conditions, heating systems (hereinafter referred to as CO) of a private house are designed not only to heat residential premises, but also to create a comfortable microclimate for living in them.

Scheme of the heating system of a two-story house

As an example, the figure shows the heating scheme of a two-story house with a gas double-circuit boiler, providing hot water to radiators, heated towel rails, underfloor heating and an indirect heating boiler.

For a 2-storey building, a heating system with a water coolant is a complex hydro- and heat engineering complex, which includes:

equipment for heating water coolant;
pumping equipment to ensure forced circulation of the coolant;
pipelines of the natural or forced circulation circuit;
shut-off and control valves and fittings;
heating devices;
autonomous hot water supply system, including indirect heating boilers with a set of accompanying equipment;
automation system for controlling the boiler and other elements of the CO.

CO classification

The heating complex of the "two-story building" is a very difficult project both in terms of planning and in practical implementation. The main reason lies in the need to supply the coolant to the height of the second floor, thereby creating certain loads. Installation of equipment and communications should be carried out with special care and responsibility. For the practical implementation of the requirements of the project with one's own hands, various CO schemes are used, the classification of which is based on a number of distinctive features. In accordance with the design differences, the heating systems of a 2-storey private house are conditionally divided into several types, among which the main ones are:

CO with one-pipe and two-pipe distribution of the coolant;

Wiring is usually called the layout of heating radiators and connecting pipelines.

The correct choice of the scheme and method of connecting heating batteries with your own hands largely determines the efficiency of the heating complex, economy, aesthetics and a long period of trouble-free operation.

With natural and forced circulation of the coolant;
With top or bottom wiring;
In the direction of movement of the coolant - with dead-end or passing (main) movement.

To designate the selected wiring diagram for the heating system of a private house, it is customary to indicate one indicator from each of the above type of CO.

For example, a circuit variant can be single-pipe or two-pipe, with natural or forced circulation of the water coolant, with lower or upper wiring, the coolant movement is dead-end or passing.

In addition to the listed four types of heating systems, there are also COs with vertical and horizontal risers. For a private house with one heat user, these two types of wiring are equivalent and have no obvious differences between them.

Consider the features of each of these types of heating systems in relation to two-story private houses.

Single-pipe CO

One-pipe systems are a closed circuit of one pipeline. Figuratively speaking, sectional heating batteries are “strung” on this pipeline looped from the boiler outlet to its inlet. The heat received from the boiler is transferred by the coolant sequentially from the radiator to the radiator, washing their internal surfaces. Accordingly, the liquid temperature in each subsequent radiator is lower than in the previous one.

In any single room of a two-story private house, which is geographically located closer to the heat source boiler according to the project, the temperature of the water coolant will be higher than in remote rooms.

The figure illustrates the principle of a one-pipe concept based on the supply of hot (red line from the boiler) and the removal of cooled (blue line to the boiler) coolant through one pipeline route.

The principle of operation of a single-pipe CO

When using a single-pipe heating installation scheme, there are two ways to connect heaters:

The pipelines of the main heating system are connected to the radiator pipes in series along the heating main line according to the “top-down” scheme:

hot water is entered at the top point of the heat appliance (red arrow);
the outlet of the cooling water is through the lower point (blue arrow).

This scheme is the simplest for do-it-yourself installation and the least material-intensive, it does not have additional connections and elements, but it has two huge disadvantages:

it is not allowed to turn off a separate radiator for replacement or local repair work when the CO circuit is filled;
it is not possible to adjust the operation of the heating system of the dwelling as a whole and each device separately.

Methods for connecting single-pipe CO heating batteries

The pipelines of the main heating system are connected to the radiator pipes in series along the heating main line according to a scheme that practices the lower connection of hot water (red arrow) and the outlet from the lower opposite pipe (blue arrow). In everyday life, this scheme is called "Leningrad", since the widespread introduction of this method of connecting batteries began in Leningrad during the period of large-scale buildings in the post-war years.

At present, the Leningrad one-pipe circuit for circuits with natural or forced circulation has been successfully improved, having achieved from it the ability to:

complete cut-off of the water coolant supply if local repairs are required in the area of a separate radiator;
do-it-yourself adjustments to the thermal power of the device in the local heating area.

To do this, shut-off valves were installed in the classical scheme of a single-pipe Leningrad at the inlet and outlet of the battery, redirecting the flow of hot coolant from the boiler bypassing the radiator.

Such a popular Leningradka is successfully used in a two-story and even three-story version of a private building. As an example, you can specify the option of bottom connection of radiator sections with closely spaced vertical pipes.

Modern modernized Leningrad schemes with a lower connection of heating equipment

Two-pipe CO

In two-pipe circulation circuits, hot water is supplied from the boiler and the cooled coolant is returned to the boiler through two independent pipelines, called, respectively, supply and return. Unlike a single-pipe Leningrad, heating two-pipe systems are able to supply radiators on both floors of a private two-story building with a coolant of the same temperature, which favorably affects the microclimate of the dwelling.

The figure below shows a diagram of the movement of the water coolant through the heating devices on both floors:

red line - hot water circuit;
the blue line is the circuit with cooled water coming out of the radiators.

Scheme of the movement of the coolant in a two-pipe CO of a two-story house

The following factors are considered to be the most weighty arguments in favor of a two-pipe system in front of Leningrad:

uniform heating of rooms on both floors of a private house;
the ability to adjust the temperature range in each room in automatic mode, coordinating the work of CO with the heating boiler.

Types of circulation in CO

Unlike multi-apartment residential buildings, in which the centralized supply of hot coolant limits apartment residents in choosing a heating system (almost all residents have Leningrad with forced fluid supply), owners of private two-story buildings have the right to independently determine the type of installation with their own hands CO with a natural type of circulation or forced heat transfer option. Consider the distinctive features of each type of supply in relation to two-story buildings.

Natural

The principle of operation of this system is based on the process of displacing hot water with colder water due to the difference in liquid densities at different heating temperatures.

For this reason, often heating circuits with a natural induction of heat movement are also called gravitational or gravity systems.

Scheme of the gravity flow of the water coolant when heating a two-story building

The following features are typical for the circulation circuit on the gravitational induction of the water coolant:

low speed of movement of water mass along the heating main;
the need to use pipes of large diameters (D at least one to one and a half inches);
strict adherence to the necessary slopes of horizontal sections during installation with your own hands;
to ensure all the slopes, the boiler often has to be sunk in a special recess.

The gravitational scheme is morally obsolete to some extent. Modern trends in the modernization of heating systems in private buildings are not applicable to it:

polymer pipes are not installed in gravity circuits, since there is a possibility of their melting when water boils in the pipeline at high loads on the boiler;
there is no possibility of adjusting the local section of the heating main or a separate heater;
the impossibility of turning off a separate radiator without disrupting the operation of the entire CO.

All these shortcomings are covered by one huge plus, thanks to which gravity systems are still mounted. This important factor is the energy independence of heating, that is, the ability to heat a house without electricity in areas with power outages.

Forced

In these systems, the movement of the coolant occurs due to the injection of excess pressure by the circulation pump.

Scheme of the movement of the coolant in the pressurized CO in a two-story building

Compared to gravity circuits, forced circulation in two-story houses has several advantages:

higher speed of movement of liquid in pipes;
small diameters of the flow section of pipes of the heating main;
the possibility of laying pipes in a convenient way for installation;
the possibility of implementing any project to automate the control of the microclimate in the home;
simple adjustment of system parameters.

In two-story buildings of an old building with a previously installed gravity system, it is allowed to install a pump as part of the modernization, which will make it possible to realize the main advantages of pressure systems.

Type of piping

The upper wiring of the heating main sends the hot coolant directly from the boiler to the attic. From there, hot water is distributed to the radiators of both floors. In the case of lower wiring, hot water from the boiler will be directed to the heating risers from below, that is, from the basement. Both types of supply are operable for one-pipe and two-pipe circuits, although top-feed options are more acceptable for two-pipe CO.

Dead-end and passing schemes

The figure below shows the diagrams of both options for heating systems. According to the dead-end scheme, the hot coolant (red line) enters the radiator and leaves it on one side, while inside the radiator the water flow moves to a certain dead-end point, turns around, changes its route to the opposite direction and exits the radiator with a changed motion vector (blue line ).

Schemes of movement of the coolant in heating systems

With a passing wiring diagram, the flow of cooled water (blue line) exits the radiator from the opposite side than it gets there in a hot state (red line).

Video about CO schemes

What schemes of heating systems exist and which one is better to choose for a home can be found in this video.

In step with the improvement of the designs of heating technology, the development of the heating systems themselves is also marching. Not so long ago, Leningrad or the “Tikhelman loop” was considered a progress in the installation of plumbing, now a new trend in the field of heating private buildings has been mastered by domestic builders. We are talking about collector heating systems serving the internal heating network of a residential building. House owners strive to automate the maintenance of thermal communications and appliances as much as possible, so heating systems will continue to develop.

In contact with

Two-story houses have gained great popularity in the vastness of our country. They are valued not only for comfort, but also for the rational use of land, saving building materials and the relative ease of construction. At the same time, competently organizing the heating of two-story housing is not an easy task. There are subtleties and secrets here, without the knowledge of which the house will be heated unevenly or inefficiently. Let's discuss the main heating systems that can be considered for a two-story house.

A feature of the heating system with natural circulation of a two-story house is the absence of a pump that creates pressure in the pipes. The movement of water is provided by the laws of hydraulics and thermodynamics, for which the pipes are installed at a certain angle to each other at a given height. Although this system has a slightly lower thermal efficiency, it is completely autonomous, that is, it does not depend on the power supply and does not consume additional energy.

Heating with natural circulation of a two-story house can be carried out both in a single-pipe and in a two-pipe scheme. The advantages and disadvantages of these types are discussed in detail below. Here are a few features to keep in mind when organizing any kind of natural circulation:

large diameter pipes will be required, otherwise the movement of water will be difficult;
the use of expansion tanks of a closed type is unacceptable - this entails the creation of excess pressure and the system will no longer work by gravity;
the highest point of the pipeline is chosen as the location of the expansion tank, while the boiler is located at the bottom, most often slightly below the return line.

When installing a system with natural circulation in a two-story house, a significant waste of materials and a decrease in heat transfer are inevitable. Such difficulties are justified only in one case - when the risk of a power outage during the cold season is too great.

Single pipe heating systems

A two-story house is understood as a complex of radiators that use the same main to receive hot coolant and discharge the cooled one. This allows you to significantly save on materials, but entails a number of disadvantages:

increased boiler power is required;
the temperature of the water in the mains consistently decreases from the radiator to the radiator;
each next radiator must have more sections than the previous one (which is a consequence of the previous paragraph).

Thus, the implementation of single-pipe schemes makes sense only in regions with a relatively mild climate for heating small houses.

Heating "Leningradka"

As you might guess, this heating scheme was developed in the Soviet Union and was widely implemented in small buildings in the northern capital. The basis of the "Leningrad" is one common highway running along the perimeter of the premises below the level of installation of radiators. The pipes cut into it from above, and to redirect the coolant flow under each radiator, the pipe is narrowed or a control valve is installed.

Both natural and forced circulation are possible. In the first case, it is recommended to install no more than four radiators, in the second - no more than six. Connecting seven or eight radiators is possible only after accurate engineering calculations; with a larger number of heat consumers, the system is considered inefficient.

Alternative types of single-pipe heating

A further evolution of the "Leningrad" can be considered systems with line breaks and sub-radiator constrictions, which play the role of "bottlenecks", redirecting the fluid flow. This allows you to simplify the main line, getting rid of constrictions and valves, as well as to locate radiators away from the main pipe laying area. With sufficient capacity of the pressure pump in forced circulation cycles, a slight increase in the heated areas is possible.

Two-pipe heating

It has found application in large two-story houses, as it has significantly lower heat losses from radiator to radiator. The structure of the system includes two main lines: hot and cold. The first heated fluid is supplied to heat consumers, the second is discharged cooled coolant. At the same time, the highways do not have any direct connection with each other.

On a separate primary branch of the hot main, well above the pipelines. Closed-type models are usually chosen. Valves can cut in front of radiators, allowing selective disconnection of individual rooms from heating, however, overlapping too many valves can lead to overpressure and leaks, especially in systems with forced circulation and with incorrectly done thermal calculations.

Dead-end circuit and the "Tichelman loop"

Initially, all two-pipe heating systems worked in a straight dead-end scheme. This meant that the radiator, which was the first to receive a hot coolant, was the first to give off a cooled one, which entailed a consistent pressure loss in the radiators and a decrease in their efficiency. Albeit not as significant as with a single-pipe layout. The dead-end circuit is still used for heating small buildings, as it requires significantly less material consumption during installation and is not so demanding on pump power.

The solution to the problem of pressure drop was proposed by engineer Albert Tichelman. He developed a reversible coolant return system or, more simply, a return loop. Thus, the radiator, which was the first to receive the coolant, dumped it last, and the last installed radiator drained the cooled liquid earlier than the others. At the same time, of course, the length of the return line doubled. The dead-end circuit is well suited for heating a two-story house.

Beam scheme

Another branch of the evolution of the dead-end heating system has become the so-called beam scheme. It assumes the presence of an additional node - a distribution manifold. It is necessary for breeding primary and return lines to each radiator separately, which ensures the circulation of liquid with equal temperature and equal pressure in all elements of the system.

Further complication of the heating system in comparison with dead-end and lavalier schemes led to an even greater consumption of pipes when laying highways. However, it pays off with high efficiency. The requirements for the expansion tank and the pressure pump are the same as in the "Tichelmann loop".

Heating with warm floors

The main "trick" of a warm floor is the installation of one large, but low-power "radiator" in the underground space, instead of using a system of standard mounted radiators. This provides a more even distribution of heat, increases comfort in the room and, with proper implementation of the system, reduces energy costs. However, underfloor heating is not without its drawbacks. These include:

long warm-up time of a completely cooled room;
the possibility of condensation due to almost complete isolation from external factors;
the complexity of the calculation and installation of the system.

In the course of recent studies, it has been noted that, all other factors being equal, a room with underfloor heating can be heated to a temperature 2ºC lower than a room with classical heating, and this will not affect human comfort in any way. This fact alone allows you to save up to 10-15% of energy.

Today, quite often, underfloor heating is used in heating a two-story house. The system can act as the main one, but for this it is important to make all thermal calculations.

Heating with gas boiler

Gas boilers are the main source of energy in most modern heating systems. They guarantee high performance at relatively low energy costs, are highly reliable and safe, of course, subject to all installation rules and regulations.

However, in recent years, there has been a trend towards a constant increase in natural gas prices, which will soon equate the unit costs of its purchase with the costs of maintaining an electric heating system. And two-story houses are most often built with large areas. As long as the availability of gas remains, we recommend heating your two-story house with a gas boiler.

Which heating scheme to choose?

When choosing a specific type of heating system, you should be guided, first of all, by the characteristics of the building, pay attention to the availability of electricity and financial opportunities. If you have engineering documents, look into them, as a rule, all the necessary numbers are indicated. Otherwise, you will have to perform all measurements yourself. The required minimum is the floor area, the volume of the room, the thickness and material of the bearing walls and partitions.

After that, it is worth analyzing the climatic features of the region, the cost and availability of various types of energy. Based on these data, the initial selection of options for organizing heating is carried out, after which the planned costs for their purchase and installation, as well as future maintenance, are calculated. It is economic indicators, both short-term and strategic, that are decisive when choosing a particular type of heating.

If there are difficulties with finances, the availability of light is unstable, and only coal is among the energy carriers, then it may be worth looking towards simple one-pipe heating systems. If there is gas, a stable supply of light and finances allow, then you can look towards two-pipe and radiant heating systems of a two-story house.

Now, in the projects of private residential buildings, a heating scheme for a two-story house with forced circulation is being laid, as more optimal and modern. Some homeowners still prefer natural circulation heating, seeing its advantages in it. To find out the advantages of each of their heating schemes, we will consider various options for piping in a two-story house.

The natural circulation of heated water through pipes is still relevant, but a thing of the past

Now in the projects of heating a private two-story house you will no longer find drawings of heating circuits that work without the inclusion of circulation pumps in the circuit. But not so long ago, the heating of private households with individual water heating was carried out solely due to the natural movement of water through pipes. In some houses built and equipped with everything necessary earlier, heating systems with gravity circulation of the coolant function to this day.

Due to what does the liquid move in such pipe circuits? The circulation here is provided by the difference in density of water with different temperatures. A hot liquid is lighter (less dense), therefore it tends to rise, a colder liquid tends to fall. The coolant heated by the boiler goes up the riser, it is replaced by cooled water from the return pipeline. This is called convection, which provides half the energy needed to carry out natural circulation.

The second half of the driving force is given to the fluid by gravity. In order for the force of attraction to act more efficiently, the horizontal pipes of the circuit (beds) are installed with a slope towards the movement of the coolant. The supply pipeline is inclined towards the heating radiators, the return bed - towards the boiler. In addition to the slope of the pipes in a gravity circuit, the following factors are of great importance for the successful implementation of circulation:

the position of the boiler relative to the return pipe (the lower the unit is installed, the better);
diameter of pipe communications (the wider the lumen of the pipeline, the lower the resistance);
cross-section of internal holes in batteries (the same pattern as for pipes).

Compliance with these rules allows you to make an effective gravity circuit in the house with your own hands. However, the conditions that must be observed when installing a system with a natural movement of the coolant are the cause of such disadvantages:

bulky pipes (usually steel) cannot be laid hidden, they are always in sight;
for the boiler it is necessary to make an in-depth platform, which makes its maintenance inconvenient;
it is necessary to maintain the difference between the hot and cooled coolant at least 25 degrees;
optimal, having the largest internal clearance and less susceptibility to corrosion (with natural circulation in the coolant there is a lot of air), are cast iron (the choice is small);
a large volume of coolant and the need to mount bulky;
it is difficult to carry out correct heat engineering calculations for uniform heating of rooms.

In addition, a gravity circuit is not able to fully heat the overall buildings. Effective natural circulation is possible with sunbeds up to 45 m long and up to 180 m 2 in area (in a two-story house). These disadvantages make gravity circuits minimally in demand among homeowners. But still, adherents of heating gravitational systems remain, arguing their preferences with such advantages of gravity circuits:

independence from uninterrupted supply of electricity;
noiseless movement of fluid through pipes;
the efficiency of the heating system during the operation of solid fuel boilers (high inertia partially eliminates frequent and significant temperature changes).

When installing gravity circuits, two piping schemes are used - one-pipe, when the coolant from the batteries is discharged through the same pipe as it is supplied, and two-pipe, when the liquid is supplied and discharged back to the boiler is carried out by two communications. For natural circulation, the same wiring diagrams apply. The coolant is supplied to the second floor through the riser leaving the boiler, the cooled liquid is discharged from above through the return vertical pipe. Sunbeds on both floors are connected to the risers according to the applied heating communications wiring diagram.

Forced Fluid Movement System – Optimal by Today's Standards

When developing a modern heating project for a two-story house, the authors of the document will most likely include a heating circuit with a circulation pump in it. Systems with natural movement of fluid through pipes do not fit into the concept of a modern interior, in addition, forced circulation provides better performance for water heating, especially in private houses with a large area.

Forced circulation makes it much easier to relate to the location of the elements of the heating system relative to each other, but there are still general rules for piping the boiler, preferentially connecting radiators, and laying pipe communications. Despite the presence of a circulation pump in the circuit, when installing the wiring, they try to minimize the resistance of pipes, their connections and transitions in order to reduce the load on the liquid pumping device and avoid fluid turbulence in difficult places.

The use of forced circulation in the pipe circuit allows you to achieve the following operational advantages:

the high speed of the liquid movement ensures uniform heating of all heat exchangers (batteries), due to which better heating of various rooms is achieved;
forced injection of the coolant removes the restriction from the total heating area, allowing you to make communications of any length;
a circuit with a circulation pump works effectively at low liquid temperatures (less than 60 degrees), making it easier to maintain the optimum temperature in the rooms of a private house;
low liquid temperature and low pressure (within 3 bar) allows the use of inexpensive plastic pipes for the installation of a heating system;
the diameter of thermal communications is much smaller than in a system with natural circulation, and their hidden laying is possible without observing natural slopes;
the possibility of operating heating radiators of any type (preference is given to aluminum batteries);
low heating inertia (no more than half an hour passes from starting the boiler to reaching the maximum temperature by the radiators);
the ability to make the circuit closed using a membrane expansion tank (although the installation of an open system is also not excluded);
thermoregulation can be carried out both in the whole system, and zonal or pointwise (to regulate the temperature on each heater separately).

Another advantage of the forced heating system of a two-story private house is the arbitrary choice of a place to install the boiler. Usually it is mounted on the ground floor or in the basement, if there is a basement, but the heat generator does not need to be specially deepened and the level of its location relative to the return pipe must be calculated. Both floor and wall installation of the boiler is allowed, which provides a wide choice of suitable equipment model according to the personal preferences of the homeowner.

Despite the technical perfection of heating with forced fluid movement, such a system has disadvantages. Firstly, this is the noise that is formed during the rapid circulation of the coolant through the pipes, especially intensifying in places of narrowing, sharp turns in the pipeline. Often the noise of a moving liquid is a sign of excessive power (performance) of the circulation pump applicable to a given heating circuit.

Secondly, the operation of water heating depends on electricity, which is necessary for the constant pumping of the coolant by the circulation pump. The circuit layout usually does not contribute to the natural movement of the liquid, therefore, during long power outages (if there is no uninterruptible power supply), the housing is left without heating.

Like a circuit with natural circulation, the heating of a two-story house with forced pumping of the coolant is done with one-pipe and two-pipe wiring. How these schemes look right will be discussed later.

Single-pipe circuit with a circulation pump - easy to do, but far from perfect

With a single-pipe wiring scheme with the inclusion of a circulation pump in the circuit (all heaters on the floor are connected to the same communication), a hot coolant is supplied through it and the cooled liquid is discharged into it. Due to the high circulation speed with a small length of the bed, the temperature difference between the first radiator from the riser and the last battery is insignificant. But with a large length of the contour, the difference becomes noticeable.

Often such a wiring diagram is the result of an improvement in a single-pipe heating circuit with natural circulation, when a circulation pump is inserted into the system, while heating has been carried out for a long time.

Single-pipe wiring can function as an open system, and using a membrane expansion tank. If it is an advanced system, an atmospheric expansion tank is usually left. When the circuit is made from scratch, a closed membrane-type tank is installed.

The advantage of such a circuit is the possibility of its temporary operation without the participation of a circulation pump (during a power outage), although with less efficiency. In order for the heating to work in two modes, the pump is installed in a bypass - a special pipe bypass loop with a system of valves and stopcocks. The circulation pump is placed on a thinner pipe that goes around the main line. When the coolant pumping device is operating, the liquid moves in a bypass, while the valve on the central pipe is closed. If there is no electricity, the bypass valve is closed, but opened on the main line and the coolant begins to circulate naturally.

A 2-storey private house is effective only with a small floor area. In such situations, it makes sense to do the wiring with one pipeline - it turns out to be more economical in terms of the cost of materials (pipes, fittings) and much faster. If the quadrature of the floors is significant, you will have to spend money on pipes and make the most efficient wiring using two thermal communications.

Two-pipe heating wiring - options for a two-story house, schemes

All the advantages of a circuit with forced movement of the coolant are realized during the construction and operation of a two-story house. With such a wiring, which has several options for working schemes, the coolant is supplied and removed from the batteries through different communications. Radiators are connected to the system in parallel, that is, independently of each other.

The hot coolant from the boiler enters the riser, from which a supply branch departs on each floor and supplies each heater. From the batteries, the discharge pipes discharge the cooled liquid into the return communication. "Cold" sunbeds flow into the discharge riser, which passes into the return pipe on the ground floor. On the return before entering the boiler, the following are installed in series:

membrane expansion tank;
circulation pump in the bypass system with a set of shut-off valves;
safety valve that relieves excess pressure in the heating pipe circuit.

Independent supply of coolant to each battery in a two-pipe heating circuit makes it possible to regulate (including automatically) the rate of fluid flow through the radiator and thereby change the temperature of the heater. This is done manually using a shut-off valve at the heating medium inlet or with a thermostatic valve that automatically adjusts the inlet clearance according to the set room temperature. Balancing valves are often installed at the outlet of radiators, with the help of which pressure is equalized in each section of the system and in the entire circuit.

A two-pipe heating system can be implemented in several versions, and a different scheme can be applied on different floors. The simplest wiring with two pipes is called a dead end. It lies in the fact that both pipes (inlet and outlet) are laid in parallel, connecting in turn along the way to the batteries, and eventually close on the last heater. The cross section of the pipes (both) decreases as you approach the last radiator. Such wiring requires careful adjustment of pressure using balancing cocks (valves) in order to achieve a uniform flow of coolant to the batteries.

The next and pipe connections are called "Tichelmann's loop" or counter. Its essence is that the supply pipe and the return pipe, having the same diameter throughout, are brought to the radiators and connected from opposite sides. This wiring is more optimal and does not require system balancing.

The most perfect, but also the most material-intensive, is the collector heating system of a two-story house. The supply of each heater on the floor is made individually, separate supply and return pipes are connected from the collector to the radiators. In addition to batteries, floor convectors, underfloor heating, fan coil units can be connected to the collector. The advantage is that each heating device or system is supplied with a coolant with the necessary pressure, temperature and circulation rate. All these parameters are controlled by devices (servo drives, liquid mixers, thermostats, valve systems) installed on the distribution manifolds.

The basis for any heating project is a properly designed scheme. It determines the installation procedure, the characteristics of the components and the parameters of the entire system. In particular, this applies to the heat supply of a two-story cottage or cottage. The heating system of a 2-storey private house can be built according to several schemes.

Features of heating a 2-storey house

The specifics of the organization of heat supply for buildings with a height of more than one floor is the uniform distribution of heat energy from batteries in all rooms. Therefore, it is necessary to resolve the issue - how to make heating in a 2-storey house with optimal parameters.

A professional designer takes into account all the nuances. The best option is to purchase a ready-made scheme or adapt a standard one for home heating. When solving this problem, the following factors are taken into account:

The total area of the building and its characteristics. Do-it-yourself heating of a 2-storey private house is possible only with good insulation of the outer walls, installation of modern window structures.
Planned budget. It affects the quality of the purchased components and the choice of circuit.

It is possible to make effective heating of a private 2-storey house with your own hands only after an initial analysis of these data.

To draw up a layout of piping and system components, it is best to use a copy of the house plan as a basis. So you can calculate the amount of consumables.

Gravity heating or forced circulation?

First of all, it is necessary to determine the optimal option for the circulation of the coolant. It can be gravitational or forced. The heating system of a 2-storey private house with an average and large area is built on the basis of the latter.

The work of the gravitational system is based on the natural circulation of the coolant, which occurs as a result of its thermal expansion. At the same time, restrictions must be taken into account - the length of the pipeline should not be more than 60 m.p., an accelerating riser is required for the system to work. It is these factors that determine the choice of a water heating scheme for a private 2-storey building with a circulation pump.

It is also possible to use an open or closed system for heat supply. In the first case, the heating schemes of a 2-storey house are made with horizontal piping, which is not always convenient in terms of installation and operation. The best option would be to install a closed circuit. It has the following advantages:

Possibility of horizontal installation of pipelines. This minimizes the space required for installation.
Improved circulation due to increased pressure in the system - from 1.5 to 6 bar.
Heat dissipation for all devices (radiators and batteries) will be the same.

Similar heating schemes for a 2-storey house must necessarily have a circulation pump in the configuration. Without this, it is impossible to ensure the normal speed of the coolant.

It is possible to make high-quality heating in a 2-storey building only after calculating its heat loss.

Piping for heat supply of a two-story house

The next step is to choose the piping method. It affects the speed of passage of the coolant, the degree of its cooling and the possibility of regulating the characteristics of heat supply.

Do-it-yourself heating design of a 2-storey private house is carried out on the basis of an analysis of all factors. Consider the most important of them that affect the choice of wiring supply lines:

Single pipe. There is only one pipeline in the system, to which radiators are connected in series. For single-pipe heating of a private 2-storey house with your own hands, a rapid cooling of the coolant is characteristic. Therefore, it is used for heating buildings with a small area up to 80 m²;
Two-pipe. It is designed for uniform heat distribution. An additional return line allows you to connect batteries in series, which reduces heat loss during coolant circulation. The best option for a low-temperature heating system for a 2-storey private house;
Collector. With its help, you can make several separate heating circuits connected to one distribution manifold. In the collector circuit for water heating of a private 2-storey building, you can adjust the volume of hot water inflow in each individual circuit. The disadvantage is a large number of necessary materials.

An important point is the choice of material for the manufacture of pipes. In a closed heating circuit of a 2-storey building, it is recommended to use polypropylene lines. It is important to take into account that the maximum allowable temperature of hot water should not exceed +90°C.

It is also mandatory to install shut-off and safety valves. The latter include air vents, bleed valves and expansion tanks.

Water or antifreeze is most often used as a coolant. The latter is preferable if there is a possibility of exposure to low temperatures on the system.

Heating installation rules

Having chosen the optimal heat supply scheme, you can proceed to the practical implementation of the plan for arranging a two-story house. At the first stage, the plan is adjusted and adapted to a specific cottage or cottage.

If the gravitational heat supply scheme was chosen as the basis, then the following rules for installing its components should be observed:

Mandatory pipe slope. In the supply line, the slope is carried out from the boiler, in the opposite direction - to it. On average, the slope should be 5-10 mm per 1 r.m.
Pipeline diameter. For the gravity system, it is recommended to choose pipes with a large cross section - about 40 mm. So it is possible to reduce the effect of water friction on the inner surface of the mains on circulation.
The fastener should be located in increments of 60-70 mm.

To control the degree of heating of the heat carrier, temperature sensors are installed on critical sections of the pipeline. The system must be provided with a coolant addition unit. Most often this is done through an expansion tank located at the highest point of the circuit.

In heat supply with forced circulation, special attention is paid to the selection of additional components. In addition to pipes, radiators and a boiler, the following components must be present in the heat supply scheme:

Expansion tank. Installed in front of the return line to the boiler.
Safety group including air vent, bleed valve and pressure gauge. Mounted on the supply line.
Proper piping of radiators - installation of thermostats and Mayevsky taps.

For a forced circulation system, two-pipe or manifold piping is most often chosen. A single-pipe scheme will be inefficient, as it will not be able to provide optimal heating performance for radiators.

Designing a collector heat supply is a complex task. It is very difficult to independently draw up a diagram and select components in this case. Therefore, this work is best entrusted to specialized companies.

For a collector heat supply system, a circulation pump must be installed in the piping of each comb.

Alternative heating options for a two-story house

In some cases, the installation of water heating is impossible or impractical. Currently, it is possible to make a different type of heat supply in a 2-storey building using alternative sources of thermal energy.

Geothermal heating is considered the most efficient. With proper organization, it practically does not depend on external weather conditions. If, in addition to heating a 2-storey private house, you need to do it yourself with a hot water supply system, install solar collectors.

In winter, their effectiveness is low. Therefore, solar collectors work only together with the main heating system of a private two-story house. The advantage of such a scheme is the possibility of its use for heating domestic water in the summer.

Another option is to install a film electric heating system. The principle of its operation is based on the resistive effect - when current passes through the carbon strips, IR waves are generated. They, in turn, heat the surface of objects that have fallen into the area of \u200b\u200bPLEN. However, for such a system, good thermal insulation of the building is a prerequisite. The maximum possible power of the circuit is about 220 W / m². Therefore, heat losses in the house should be minimal.

All of them are characterized by the high cost of composite components. Therefore, traditional heating systems for a 2-storey private house with gas or solid fuel boilers are most often used.

The video shows an example of collector heating in a 2-storey building.