Walnut soil for planting. How to plant and grow a walnut. How to grow a walnut from a fruit at home

The walnut is an extremely popular plant that is widely used in medicine, cooking, and even magic. Walnut grows actively in regions with a warm and temperate climate. In fact, this tree with dense foliage grows on every household plot, which is an excellent protection from the summer heat. How to plant a walnut in the garden is a question of interest to many gardeners. It is quite simple, although many do not know how to do it correctly.

There are 2a ways to plant a walnut - with the help of a seedling and a fruit. This plant can also be grown from seeds.

The easiest and most reliable way is to plant a finished walnut seedling, which can be purchased on the market, in a specialized nursery or in a store. But guessing whether the future tree will have good fruits, or whether it will bear fruit at all, is a very difficult task.

Planting material can be prepared by yourself by picking up a walnut tree with well-ripened fruits. They need to be taken for a future landing. It is also important that such seeds do not need adaptation to new climatic conditions.

It is better to collect fruits for planting in October. At this point, the tree bears fruit and discards the fruit.
Nuts should have a green skin with a slight yellowness. Fruits are selected healthy and uniform in shape, without dents or other damage. The shell must be hard.
For cultivation, it is best to collect fallen fruits as they are fully ripe. Well, if you liked the nuts that are on the tree, they can be knocked down with a stick.

Many novice gardeners are interested in how to plant a walnut seedling correctly. To do this, you need a two-year-old plant. It must be a seedling of any height with a strong trunk with a diameter of at least 1 cm. It is necessary to dig up a plant for planting so that the lateral roots remain intact. The vertical root is best cut to 1/3 of the length. The cut area must be treated with clay. The plant is deepened in such a way that the root neck is 3-4 cm higher above the ground. Then the hole with the plant is covered with earth, compacted well and excess branches are removed.

In order to get a fruit-bearing tree, it is best to purchase a ready-made seedling, in which the root system will be “preserved”.

Planting such a seedling can be carried out under any weather conditions, even in drought. The root system of the plant is already saturated with nutrients. And therefore, after planting, the tree will begin to actively develop. The survival rate of such seedlings is very high.

Walnut is a slow growing plant that needs proper care and attention. It takes a lot of hard work to bring it to fruition.

Planting a walnut is not such a strange undertaking, because tasty nuts from your own garden plot are quite a dream come true. To do this, you just need to plant a walnut correctly and treat it with the same care as other plants in the garden.

Planting a walnut: the nuances of agricultural technology

Walnut is a long-lived tree. Now all over the world there are walnut trees that are over 500 years old. For centuries, they have given people useful fruits and continue to do so even at such, to put it mildly, venerable age. So why not get this tree on your site? May it grow and benefit future generations.

Ways to plant a walnut

Choosing a place to plant a walnut tree is a responsible matter. Here it is important to take into account the distance to the nearest objects. The walnut has fairly spreading branches, so more space will be needed so that it does not interfere with other plants in the future. You should not plant it near buildings either, otherwise, as it grows, it will destroy the foundation with its powerful roots.

Berry bushes will be good neighbors for the first few years, they will improve yields. When the walnut tree grows and gets stronger, they can be removed. Yes, and they do not want to grow under a nut - the effect of allelopathy is too pronounced.

How to plant a walnut from a fruit

Most often, the nut is propagated by seeds, because it is easy to predict from them what fruits the tree will bear in the future. You can, of course, buy seedlings in the store, but then you have to take the word of the seller, who talks about their high fertility. In the first method, massive, regular-shaped fruits with a thin shell and a hard core are selected for planting.

If planting is supposed to be in the spring, then they must be dried, after removing the green shell. Drying consists of two stages: first in the sun, and then in a shaded place in a draft. In this case, the nut seeds should be located in one layer. It is absolutely impossible to dry on batteries and other heating devices.

When planting in autumn, it is not necessary to dry the fruits, and even undesirable. It is better to land them immediately in the allotted place in order to avoid possible injuries. As for the direct planting of seeds, small dimples are enough to plant them - the depth of planting walnut fruits is not more than 20 cm.

In one large planting hole, 4 fruits should be laid in a square so that there is about 25 cm between them. It is correct to lay the seeds with the point down, so the seam of the fruit is on top. If you ignore this planting rule, the grown tree will begin to bear fruit 2-3 years later. When the seedlings grow up a little, the strongest one is selected and left, and the rest are removed. You can distribute to neighbors and work colleagues.

How to plant a walnut seedling

An alternative planting method is ready-made seedlings. It is better to plant them in a permanent place at the age of two. Saplings are carefully dug out of the ground, trying not to touch the lateral roots with a shovel. Since the vertical root by this time grows more than a meter, it can be cut in the middle, leaving at least 40 cm. The cut is smeared with clay. And if you managed to purchase seedlings with a closed root system, then when planting, you need to "fluff" the lower part of the earthen root.

Some gardeners disseminate erroneous information in their environment, which beginners are often led to. They say that in order for the roots to grow and strengthen quickly, when planting a seedling, you need to place a flat wide stone under its root system. This impenetrable block, on the contrary, will only slow down their growth. But it is possible to overlay the near-trunk circle with stones from above - moisture supply will improve due to condensate. This is often done in Dushanbe.

A hole for a nut is dug large enough, up to 1 meter deep with the same diameter. The excavated earth should be mixed with completely rotted manure and pour it back. Thanks to such actions, the soil for planting will become loose and contain the nutrients necessary for the tree.

In the hole, the roots of the seedling should be given the same position that they occupied before the young plant was dug up. Then everything is as usual: backfilling, compaction, watering and mulching the soil around the seedlings.

Walnut: cultivation and care

Caring for a walnut tree comes down to one thing - pruning. However, in the first year of the growing season, it is better to refuse this event, even if the crown branches die off massively due to severe frosts. It is more advisable to wait until next spring, when young shoots begin to appear on the affected areas of the tree, allowing the formation of new branches and restoration of the crown. Damaged branches are cut to living tissue. Together with them, tall vertical tops are also cut off around the shoot that was chosen to continue growing.

If the tree has not been badly damaged in winter, you can limit yourself to the usual sanitary pruning: remove diseased and dry branches, slightly thin the crown if necessary. Like others, it is recommended to cut the walnut in February-March, while it is still at rest. It is important to have time to prune before the sap flow begins in order to avoid apiary. With abundant release of this fluid, trees can infect fungal diseases.

During the season, you can re-pruning. It is best to do this in the second half of summer, at this time of the year the intensity of sap flow decreases. Summer pruning is desirable to carry out either in cloudy weather or late in the evening. Particularly large wounds must be cleaned and covered with a mixture of clay and mullein.

That, in fact, is all that an unpretentious walnut needs. But if your plot is small, it’s better to forget about this tree, otherwise it will grow and “take away” the entire area - its diameter is at least 10-12 m. Our neighbors planted it this way, now there is almost no space left for a vegetable garden. So planting a walnut requires not only proper agricultural technology, but also a banal area.

Reproduction of a nut by seeds is one of the most popular ways in which it is important to choose a good fruit. How to grow a walnut so that the tree gives a good harvest, we will understand further.

Reproduction of nuts by seeds is one of the most popular and proven methods.

seed germination

How to choose and how to germinate a walnut:

The collection of nuts is carried out as they fall from the tree, you can knock them down.
For sowing, the gardener selects large fruits with a thin shell and excellent taste. They take whole nuts, on which there are no defects and cracks. Make sure that there are no spots or dots on the shell.
You should not use store-bought fruits, as they may be old and unsuitable for growing.
The pericarp is removed for faster germination. Peel the fruit carefully, without touching the inner peel.
Rubber gloves are used for convenience.
The peeled fruits are placed in a container with water. Those that have gone to the bottom are suitable for landing.
After cleaning, the fruits are dried in the sun and placed in the shade. Do not use heating equipment to dry seeds.

If you do not know how to plant a walnut from a seed, follow the advice of experts. Planting seeds in open ground is carried out in autumn or spring.

Planting a nut in the fall is carried out on a regular territory, because during transplantation there is a risk of damaging the roots and destroying the plant. The diameter of the hole is about 1 m. The seeds need to be deepened by 20 cm and sprinkled with soil mixed with humus.

To grow a walnut tree that bears excellent fruit, planting rules will help:

Stratification should be carried out 3 months before disembarkation. Prepare wet sand and place nuts in it at a temperature not exceeding 7 ° C. After a week and a half, you can see a growing seedling.
Select the strongest seed from germinated.
It is important to lay the seeds strictly seam up. Approximately three fruits fit in the hole, which should be placed at a distance of 25 cm from each other. The main feature of the seed layout is the observance of geometric shapes: three nuts are laid out in a triangle, and four in a square.
Fill the hole and tamp the resulting mound.

planting container

How to plant a walnut in a container:

For planting, a deep pot with drainage is suitable. The first container should have a diameter and depth of 30 cm. This will allow the root system of the tree to fit freely.
Each time you transplant, you need to select a new pot, the diameter of which will be 8 cm larger than the previous one.
The container should be placed in a room that is well lit by the sun. There should be no drafts or wind.
When flowers form, make the plant shelter from adverse external influences.
You can install the pot in greenhouse conditions. The tree does not like too dense soil, the soil should be slightly alkaline, very nutritious and loose.

growing at home

You can plant and grow a tree at home, but this process is laborious.

How to grow a nut from a fruit: the fruit should be grown in large pots, as this will protect the culture from severe frosts.

Large containers will provide the plant with the necessary useful components that it extracts from the soil. A nut grown in this way is of medium size. You should not expect a rich harvest from him. Small size and fruits of the tree. The taste of nuts directly depends on the care of the plant.

When you have learned how to grow a walnut from seed, you need to take care of it. The worst enemy of a walnut is waterlogged or too dry soil. When there is too much moisture, the roots begin to rot and gradually die off.

Insufficient moisture threatens to stop the development of ovaries. On hot days, the amount of water should be increased. It may be necessary to wrap the pot with a damp cloth to cool the roots.

In order to protect the plant from freezing, you need to bring it into the room or cover it with burlap. By a similar method, the culture is preserved from birds. If you started growing walnuts at home, then you should mulch the soil with peat in the spring, you can use manure, moss. A walnut rarely gets sick, but if spots appear on its foliage, then you need to treat it with a special liquid.

Fertilizers are left during the growing season, when the crop needs additional feeding.

Walnut during the growing season needs additional feeding

Transplantation is carried out in the fall. To do this, the tree is taken out of the pot and one tenth of the root system is cut off. The elevated area also needs pruning. A transplant is needed in order for the nut to reach its final size. A tree that has taken root in a tub can be given any shape.

Do not forget the first years of the plant's life to carry out crown molding along with the removal of part of the flowers. This will prevent abundant fruiting. In summer, thin, weak shoots should be removed.

A tree planted correctly will grow healthy and bear fruit. Now you know how to plant a walnut from a fruit.

Walnut is a long-lived plant. There are trees that are over 300 years old. The plant loves light and moisture, so it grows best in well-drained soils with moderate moisture, in which there is a small constant level of groundwater. The root system of the walnut is very powerful and penetrates deep into the soil.

Climate

There are many frost-resistant varieties of walnuts, so cultivation is carried out even in the northern latitudes of Russia and Siberia. There are cases of successful cultivation in the Moscow region and even the Urals. One of the most popular varieties is "Ideal". As an alternative, walnut hybrids with gray or Manchurian walnuts can be considered.

Of course, in warm regions, the choice of varieties is much wider.

For growing walnuts in northern latitudes, see the following video.

Walnut trees can be propagated in several ways:

Seeds.
seedlings.

Selecting a landing site

When choosing a place to plant a nut, keep in mind that the tree will be sprawling and tall. It is important that in the future it does not interfere with buildings or other trees.

In general, planting a nut next to any structure is undesirable, because this plant has a fairly strong root system. When it grows, it will damage the foundation.

Shrubs should be planted next to walnut seedlings. In the first years of growth, the tree will not interfere with their fruiting. And after 6-9 years, when the nut becomes quite large, the shrubs are easily removed.

Seed Choice

Propagation by seeds is the main method of planting a nut. Germination of walnut seeds is one year. For sowing, large fruits are selected, which have a tasty kernel and a thin shell.

You need to collect nuts that have just fallen from a tree, or even better - knock them down yourself. Only ripe and undamaged nuts are selected for seeds.

There should be no visible damage, stains or other defects on their shell. It is not recommended to plant store-bought nuts as their freshness is unknown.

cleaning

Nuts can not be peeled from the outer layer (pericarp), but peeled fruits germinate much faster. Peel the nuts carefully so that only the outer shell separates and the inner shell remains intact.

Peeled nuts should be lowered into a bucket filled with water. For planting, select sunken fruits, as they have a solid core, so the probability of producing good sprouts in such nuts is higher.

Drying

After cleaning from the outer green shell, the fruits are laid out in one layer to dry in the sun, and then (after 1-2 days) they are removed to dry in the shade. It is not recommended to dry fruits that will be used for planting in the future near heating devices. If you are going to plant walnut fruits in the fall, you can not dry them at all, but immediately sow them in the chosen place. Such seeds will sprout next year in May.

Planting in Autumn

In a walnut seedling, a central tap root is formed, which grows to a great depth. And therefore, the fruits should be sown immediately in a permanent place, since a transplant can injure this root.

The depth and diameter of the pits for walnut seeds should be up to one meter. This depth is required to provide the future tree with a supply of nutrients. Seeds are planted in pits to a depth of 15-20 centimeters. The soil selected from the pits is mixed with humus and returned back.

Nuts are laid on the bottom with a seam up, and not with a point, otherwise the tree will begin to bear fruit later.

Three or four fruits are placed in each hole, placing them from each other at a distance of 20-25 centimeters (fruits are planted in a triangle or square). The pit is filled up with the formation of a mound in the middle, and then the soil is compacted. Among the seedlings that have grown, choose the strongest. Seedlings grown from seeds should be properly cut. It is necessary to water young walnut trees from May to July twice a month with the expectation of four buckets of water per 1 m2. Watering is postponed in rainy weather, and stops in August.

spring

Seeds that will be planted in May should be stored in a cool place, and about 3-4 months before planting, they are stratified. It provides for laying nuts at +4 + 7 degrees in wet sand. Before laying nuts in the sand, they can be held for a short time in a glass dish filled with water (water temperature is room temperature).

Seeds are sown in open ground in May. Planting depth is within 7-9 centimeters. The first shoots appear in about ten days. By autumn, their height is approximately 10-15 centimeters. First, shoots grow upward, and then their trunks begin to thicken. If you water them abundantly in summer, then the plants can grow higher, but in this case they winter worse.

How to germinate a walnut at home

You can grow walnut seedlings at home in 500 ml plastic cups. The bottom of the glasses is pierced to remove excess moisture. The containers are filled with garden soil, and the nuts are laid to a depth of 5 centimeters. Having covered them with earth from above, watering is carried out and the glasses are sent to the balcony or to the basement. By the beginning of February, they are transferred to the house, watered abundantly and put on the windowsill.

Shoots in such glasses appear 2-3 weeks after returning to the house. When the plants reach a height of 10 cm (usually after a month), they are transplanted into larger containers, for example, cut into 1.5-2-liter bottles. After sending these containers back to the windowsill, the plants are watered in a timely manner, as they require moderately moist soil.

In April, when the daytime temperature rises to +15 degrees, the plants can be transferred to a glazed balcony for hardening before planting in the soil at the end of May. At this time, there is no longer a risk of frost, and the seedlings reach a height of 20-25 centimeters. At the same time, we note that nuts planted in the ground in autumn only begin to germinate in May, and reach a height of 10-20 centimeters only by autumn.

Reproduction by seedlings

With this cultivation, seedlings are transplanted to a permanent place at the age of 2 in the spring. When digging, you need to be as careful as possible, trying not to damage the roots on the sides. The central root, which by this age will already grow to a depth of more than a meter, is cut off with a pruner or knife at a depth of forty centimeters. The remaining wound is covered with clay.

Seedlings are laid in compacted soil to such a depth that the root collars rise three to four centimeters above the soil level. The roots of the seedlings need to be well straightened to give them their former position (before digging). There is an opinion that a brick or flat stone should be installed under the center of the seedling root so that the roots of the future nut are powerful, but it is erroneous. Having installed the seedlings, the pits are covered with soil, after which the soil is compacted, watered and mulched, and excess branches are removed from the tree.

Graft

Growing a walnut, you always want to get a tree whose fruit performance will be good. However, most often, when propagated by seeds, seedlings do not retain the properties inherent in the mother variety, so new plants are usually grafted. Preparation of cuttings for grafting is carried out from young walnuts, which are already bearing fruit. Since grafting is a very time-consuming task that requires certain knowledge, it is sometimes easier to purchase an already grafted seedling. The fruiting of a grafted tree begins at the age of 8-10 years, but if the crown is formed correctly and the plant is well cared for, then the first fruits appear already at the age of 4-5 years.

Usually it is a huge, by our standards, tree up to 25 meters it has a very indirect relation to Greece: the fruits were brought from the south, and "everything is in Greece." Surely, it also grows there, wild forms of this tree are common in Europe.

The tree looks impressive. A separately growing walnut not only differs in height - its crown also reaches a diameter of 20 meters.

By European standards, it is a long-liver (second after oak)- often there are specimens of 300-400-year-old trees.

The development of a tree begins with the formation of a powerful tap root, which reaches 1.5 meters deep in the 5th year and 3.5 meters by the age of 20.

Horizontal ones do not grow immediately - they are formed after the rod one, located in the surface layer of the soil at a depth of 20-50 centimeters.

The tree begins to bear fruit after 10 years of life., and from the age of 30-40, the time of full fruiting comes.

If the trees grow in groups, partially shading each other, they rarely produce more than 30 kg of yield, while a free-growing nut can produce up to 400 kg of nuts.

But such cases are rare, only a tree 150-170 years old is capable of such a harvest. Usually an adult tree 25-40 years old in Moldova gives 1500-2000 fruits or 2000-2500 in the Crimea.

Moscow region, central Russia - where else can you plant and grow walnuts

They are found in the European part from the foothills of the Caucasus to St. Petersburg where the northernmost nuts in Russia grow. But these are isolated cases, exceptions that only confirm the rule.

These trees do not freeze completely, but they do not grow to their full potential either.

The main factor determining the possibility of growing this southern tree is not at all the winter sub-zero temperature. The sum of average daily temperatures above 10 degrees is taken into account. It cannot be less than 190 C.

If in winter the temperature does not drop below -36 degrees and for 130-140 days a year the temperature is above 0 C, the walnut can grow and bear fruit.

The best winter hardiness was shown by hybrids of Manchurian with walnut.

When planting even the best seed material brought from the south, adaptation to a cold climate does not occur - such trees regularly freeze slightly and practically do not bear fruit.

Completely unsuitable for growing varieties from places with a humid warm climate(west and south of Ukraine, the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus).

Only nuts from eastern Ukraine, the mountains of Central Asia or the Caucasus successfully adapt to the new conditions of central Russia.

Moreover, it is better to grow a nut from the stone yourself- An imported seedling (even from the indicated regions) will be significantly inferior in terms of endurance and adaptability to new conditions.

Walnut is found in the European part of Russia from the foothills of the Caucasus to St. Petersburg

How and when to plant and grow a tree from a seedling: conditions

It must be immediately planted in a permanent place.. It is unrealistic to transplant a 5-year-old tree already. Therefore, you need to decide to take into account all the factors and calculate the consequences.

A vigorous tree can form a dense shade over an area of approximately 100 sq.m. You will have to delete this area from circulation - there is little that can bear fruit under a walnut(affects the strong overwhelming effect of the biofield of a huge tree).

On the other hand, it is possible to arrange a summer recreation area on this square - walnut essential oils keep flies and mosquitoes away.

We choose a place for planting on the edge of the garden so as not to shade other trees. The walnut is very unpretentious to soils, although it prefers loose sandy-stony soil.

Walnut prefers loose sandy-stony soil, it should not be too fertile

The landing hole is dug with the expectation that under the roots there is a layer of stones of at least 25 centimeters.

The bottom of the landing pit must be half filled with construction debris.(broken brick, pieces of cement, crushed stone) - this technique allows you to shift the flowering time of the tree by 1-2 weeks (the stones warm up slowly, the nut starts growing a little later, skipping the frost period).

Half a bucket of ash, compost or humus is brought into the pit. The soil should not be too fertile, the nut will grow intensively and will not have time to prepare for winter.

You need to take a seedling for planting only from a trusted seller, otherwise you won’t get anything except frostbitten branches of a southern tree, you probably won’t wait for the harvest.

A walnut tree is planted only in the spring, it enters a dormant period too early and will not have time to take root before winter.

It is believed that a walnut planted by hand from a bone will grow into a tree practically adapted to new conditions, which will develop successfully.

Seeds are planted in autumn directly into the ground to a depth of 7-10 cm.. It is advisable to lay sideways on the seam in the soil. Spring planting requires 2-3 months of stratification in wet sand.

Special care for seedlings is not required - in the middle lane even walnuts have no pests.

How to plant an annual walnut seedling:

Care after planting: spring, summer and autumn

How to care? Walnuts may only need watering in spring and early summer. when there is an intensive growth of green mass. Usually the tree has enough soil reserve of winter moisture.

Water only young trees up to 5-7 years old, if it is completely dry.

The tap root system of the southern tree is adapted to find water in the lower horizons. After 10 years of age, watering the walnut should generally be forgotten.

For him, excess moisture threatens too active growth., to the detriment of maturation and preparation of wood for winter. Freezing after a wet summer is guaranteed.

In addition to stopping watering, care must be taken to prepare the root system for winter. So, trunk circles must be mulched with any organic matter or compost:

in summer - to preserve moisture;
in autumn - to protect the topsoil from freezing.

In particularly cold areas, the soil is mulched with a layer of at least 10 cm, especially in areas with little snow.

It is useful to cover the trunk up to a height of about 1 m with spruce branches or wrap it with newspapers in several layers (already after the first frosts). This will help to survive -40 degrees and below.

Such shelter is necessary only in the first years.- the tree must be hardened naturally.

Walnut may need watering only in spring and early summer, when there is an intensive growth of green mass.

How to properly care during the growing process: before ripening and after

Like all fruit crops, walnuts need periodic feeding.

In the spring, nitrogen fertilizers are applied, in the second half of summer - only potash and phosphorus, which are responsible for preparing the tree for winter and laying the fruit buds of the next crop.

On cultivated soil, nitrogen can not be fed at all, and phosphorus and potash fertilizers can be applied (in terms of the active substance) at 10 g / sq.m.

Practice shows that the rule applies to all cases where the nut does not grow on obvious stones and clay.

What is especially pleasing - in the middle lane, the walnut has no natural enemies. It has already been said that flies and mosquitoes fly around it.

Moreover, walnut leaves can be used to prepare a very effective remedy against aphids and various caterpillars, which is successfully used in Ukraine.

Completely harmless home remedy allows you to process trees and bushes with ovaries of fruits and berries.

Graft

Unfortunately, walnut cuttings do not take root - reproduction occurs only by seeds.

Vaccination is carried out in cases where:

there is a seedling of probably winter-hardy Manchurian walnut, for which -40 in winter is not a problem;
the planted variety did not live up to expectations - it became possible to re-graft it.

One-year-old seedlings are grafted into a split and, under control, grow in a greenhouse to a marketable appearance.

Young trees that have already produced their first few nuts can be re-grafted by the type of "eye budding"- only the bark is removed with a kidney in the form of a half-pipe (the method is called so) and combined with the same cutout on the rootstock.

Until complete healing, the vaccination site is tied with a film.

The result of grafting an adult walnut tree:

Reproduction in the country

The main method of obtaining seedlings is growing from seeds.. To simplify the process, nuts are planted without additional processing in the fall to a depth of about 10 centimeters. It is believed that it is better to lay them sideways on the seam.

Whoever did not have time to bury for the winter, put it in damp sand in the basement - the nut must go through stratification, otherwise it will not hatch.

Walnut is renewed by stump shoots in just a year or two. These trees are able to bear fruit literally in the second year, and in 10 - already a significant harvest.

The main method of obtaining seedlings is growing from seeds.

It turns out that a walnut can be successfully planted and grown in a country house in the middle lane, in the Moscow region. It is enough to follow simple rules:

the right choice of location;
seedling - only zoned;
mandatory mulching of the trunk circle;
shelter trunk from frost in the first years of life.

All this is within the power of most gardeners.. Choose a sunny place, protected from cold winds - the nut will thank you.

Perhaps you are thinking about how to grow a walnut from a nut. A walnut tree can live up to 300 years, and all this time it does not require any special care. It produces extremely useful fruits that are not only tasty, but also have a healing effect, including walnut wood, its foliage and other parts of the plant. The root system is very powerful. It penetrates deep into the ground. The tree is light and moisture-loving. Prefers fertile soil, where groundwater is located nearby.

How to prepare seeds for planting

Planting a walnut at home is easy. The main thing is to choose the right fruits, that is, the nuts themselves. It is reproduction through such seeds that is the main method.

The germination of the nut is carried out only after a year. In order for the process to be positive, it is necessary to choose fruits that have a thin shell, as well as good taste. It is necessary to use only whole nuts on which there are no flaws. They can be collected both from branches and from the ground when they have already fallen from the tree.

The shell should have a good appearance. It should not have segments with damage, dots, spots and other defects. You can not use the fruits that are bought in the store, as they may be either spoiled, or unsuitable, or old in order to germinate them.

Walnut

It is recommended to remove the nut from the fruit. The shell is called the pericarp. It can not be removed, but in this case the germination process will be significantly slowed down. During cleaning, care must be taken that the inner skin is not damaged. Only the outer part needs to be removed. In this case, it is recommended to use rubber gloves or other protective equipment for hands, since when in contact with the juice of the shell, the skin begins to darken.

When the nut is already completely cleaned, it is supposed to be lowered into a container of water. Fruits that have gradually fallen to the bottom of the container are suitable for planting, as the kernels in them remain intact.

Now you need to dry the seed. To do this, it is supposed to be laid out in one layer in a sunny place. After a couple of days, the fruits are recommended to be removed to a place under a canopy so that they dry out. Do not keep nuts that are selected for sprouting near heating appliances. If the seed is planned to be planted in the fall, then there is no need to dry it.

Planting seeds

You need to figure out when to plant a walnut. This can be done both in autumn and spring. In the first case, it is required to plant the seeds immediately in the place that will be permanent for the tree, since then it will not be possible to transplant it without damaging the root system.

The hole should be about 1 m deep and about 1 m in diameter. This is required to provide the necessary amount of nutrient compounds for the tree in the future. Nuts are supposed to be deepened by about 20 cm. You need to cover the seed with a mixture that includes humus and soil. It is necessary to lay the seeds so that the seam is located at the top. There are 3 nuts per hole, which are placed at a distance of 20 cm from each other. They must be laid out in the form of a triangle.

Then you need to sprinkle the hole and compact the soil. Of those seeds that have sprouted in the hole, choose only the strongest and best developed. Watering is supposed to be between May and July. 4 buckets of water are required per square meter. If the weather is rainy, then watering is not carried out. When summer comes to an end, then moisturizing should be stopped altogether.

Sprouts have appeared

If you want to grow a walnut in the spring, then it is best to carry out the planting process in May. This is especially true for many regions in Russia, where winters are very cold. If a walnut is planted in such areas in autumn, then there is a chance that the seed will freeze and not germinate. In the spring, a nut is supposed to be planted in May. Until this time, the seed should be kept in a cool place for stratification for 3-4 months. When planting nuts, the temperature should be approximately + 4 ... + 7ºС.

It is required to place the fruits in wet sand. Before this, the nuts must be held for some time in a container of water (the temperature should be at room temperature). Then they need to be deepened by 8 cm into the ground. After about 10 days, the first shoots will appear. By autumn, they will already grow by 15 cm. First, the shoots stretch upward, and only then they begin to gradually compact. If watered abundantly, then the length of the sprout will be longer, but at the same time it will be harder for him to endure winter.

It is necessary to decide where the walnut grows well. Be sure to choose the right place for planting so that the tree is comfortable. It prefers places with good lighting. The territory should be spacious, as the tree needs space for a spreading crown. Then the fruits themselves will ripen on all branches. Before the next tree, you need to leave at least 5 m, since the root system will be very powerful. You can not grow a walnut near the house or other buildings, as it will damage the foundation. If the soil is poor in the content of nutrients, then it needs to be fertilized. It is best to plant a tree on the southwest or south side, away from the building.

tree care

All work in the garden begins in the spring. If in the second half of March the temperature is not less than 4ºС, then it is recommended to trim the walnut for sanitary purposes, as well as to form a crown. If at this time, due to bad weather, pruning is still not possible, then it is recommended to carry out this procedure at a later date, but in any case before the sap flow begins.

In spring, the tree needs a lot of moisture. If there was little snow in winter, and spring was not rainy, then additional watering is required. In addition, it is necessary at this time to carry out prevention against various diseases and pests in order to grow a walnut tree strong and healthy. It is recommended to use a solution of copper sulfate (3%). In addition, it is additionally necessary to whitewash the trunk with lime. In May, you need top dressing. At this time, it is recommended to make ammonium nitrate. A large tree is entitled to about 6 kg of this substance per year, this rule applies to those trees that are already more than 3 years old. Those fertilizers that are laid when planting a seedling are enough for this time.

young trees

If the summer is dry and hot, then it is necessary to water the tree periodically. In the period from May to July, it is supposed to carry out watering 2 times a month. After moistening, it is not worth loosening the soil, since this particular plant does not like this procedure. But the weeds must be removed so that they do not interfere with the tree. In the summer, the walnut can suffer from insect pests or fungal diseases, so it is very important to periodically inspect the plant so as not to miss the onset of the disease. As soon as the first symptoms appear, it is necessary to use preparations from the group of fungicides or insecticides.

In the last week of July, it is recommended to pinch those shoots whose growth needs to be accelerated. They must have time to form before the cold snap begins, otherwise they will die from frost in winter. In addition, at this time it is supposed to carry out top dressing using fertilizers that contain potassium and phosphorus. In some varieties, the fruits ripen already at the end of summer. You need to be ready to harvest.

As for autumn, for almost all varieties of walnuts, this is the time to collect fruits. Usually it starts at the end of August and ends around the end of November. After harvesting, you need to put the garden in order. First, the tree is pruned for sanitary purposes, then it is necessary to collect all the foliage that has fallen, and shoots. Additionally, it is required to process the tree from pests that could settle in its bark for the winter. In addition, agents against pathogenic bacteria are used.

At the same time, the preparation of the plant for wintering is necessarily carried out. Walnut is considered a plant that loves warmth. Some varieties are able to grow only in places where there is no cold in winter. But there are also varieties of trees that can withstand frosts down to -30ºС. An adult tree can overwinter without additional shelter, but young plants that are less than a year old need to be insulated. To do this, it is necessary to use burlap. In addition, mulch with manure helps.

Conclusion

If now we understand how to plant a walnut, it's time to start ...

Breeders brought out its winter-hardy types of walnut. Now it can be safely planted and grown in many regions of Russia.

Variety selection

The better the variety fits the climate and geography of the region, the easier it will be to plant and grow. Varieties of hazel differ from each other very much: some of them live and bear fruit for centuries, while others have a lifespan of several decades. Varieties selected for planting in the middle lane should be frost-resistant, prolific and unpretentious.

"Ideal" takes first place in the list of varieties. Its productivity is high: a summer resident collects 120 kg of nuts from an adult tree. Fruits of medium weight, but with a thin, easily splitting shell. The first nuts can be removed as early as 2-3 years of the tree's life, while other varieties begin to bear fruit only by the fourth year after planting. Ideal withstands cold down to -35 ° C and is disease resistant. Ideal can be used as a rootstock for new varieties.
"Giant" is similar in quality to the Ideal, but differs in a later ripening period. Harvest begins to be removed for 5-6 years. It is a fast growing tree, beautiful and strong. The name was given to it for the size of the fruit: nuts weigh an average of up to 30 g, and up to 100 kg can be harvested from each tree.

Summer residents prefer walnut seedlings of the Ideal and Giant varieties, but in addition to these two varieties, other interesting varieties can be found on the market. Harvest, Zarya Vostoka and Pyatiletka are suitable for growing in the middle lane. For warm areas, you can choose varieties "Abundant" or "Breeder".

When choosing a seedling, pay attention to its health. A good tree should not show signs of damage or rot. Quality planting material can only have strong roots. Buy plants from trusted sellers to avoid scams.

Planting process

How to plant a walnut so that it brings a bountiful harvest? You can not relate to landing through the sleeves. The first step is to provide the plant with good growing conditions.

Without sunlight, the hazel will not have a beautiful, lush crown, so choose areas well lit, but protected from direct sunlight.
The planting of the walnut should be carried out in such a way that a distance of at least 5 m remains between the seedlings on a flat surface and from 3.5 m on a slope. When planted closely, trees grow slowly, reluctantly, and often get sick.
Plants do not like waterlogged soil. Planting a walnut is on fertile land, loose, with deep groundwater.
Before planting a walnut, the soil must be prepared. To do this, mix manure with ash and superphosphate, dig a hole, then carefully, straightening the roots, plant a seedling in it so that the root collar remains outside. It is important here not to damage the roots when planting.

Reproduction methods

Propagation is by seeds and grafting. In open ground, seeds grow slowly, and a walnut seedling can be obtained only for 5-7 years. In greenhouse cultivation, the seedling will grow up by the second year, and the material for the rootstock can be obtained in the same year in which the seed was planted.

In autumn, nuts are selected for planting. They must meet several criteria: large size, no damage. When the nuts on the trees begin to crack, it's time to harvest the seeds, which are dried after harvesting.
Before planting a nut, it is prepared: it is stratified for 100 days at a temperature of 0 to 7 ° C. Such an operation is performed only with nuts that have a thick and strong shell. For planting material with thin and medium shells, the preparation process lasts 45 days, in a room with a temperature of up to 18 ° C.
Planting a walnut usually begins in the spring, in April. The soil is prepared and fertilized. Seeds are placed at a depth of 7 to 11 cm: the larger the nut, the deeper it is planted.

Planting with seeds is chosen by breeders who want to grow hazels with new qualities. Propagation by grafting allows you to preserve the features inherent in the mother tree. It is done in the spring, in March, but it is better to do it at the end of winter. Summer vaccinations begin in July. It is risky to hold an event in the spring, because the stalk may germinate too early, and in the fall, sudden frosts are dangerous. For successful propagation, only healthy cuttings and two-year-old rootstocks are chosen.

Growing Rules

It is better to plant a walnut seedling. The tree will grow faster and begin to bear fruit. It is worth observing a few rules of care:

hazel is actively watered in summer; in other seasons, frequent watering is not required. Watering is done twice a month, with established drought - more often. The older the hazel, the less water it needs;
feed the plant in autumn and spring. With the onset of spring, nitrogen supplements are introduced, and in the fall - potassium and phosphorus. Feeding should be done carefully. Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizers can harm plants, because it favors the development of diseases and interferes with fruiting;
when the walnut grows high enough after planting, cut off the extra branches that thicken the shrub;
diseases actively annoy hazel trees in the rainy season. To prevent diseases, trees are sprayed with Bordeaux liquid and other specialized means. Sick hazel trees are treated with fungicides, walnuts damaged by pests are treated with insecticides, depending on the type of pest. For the purpose of prevention, it is recommended to completely remove ripened fruits from the tree;
when the green pericarps crack, it's time to harvest. The pericarp is hard, for their softening, the nuts are kept in the basement for a week. The peeled fruits are washed and dried.

Planting work requires strength, but the acquisition and planting of seedlings is a profitable undertaking. Nuts are tasty, rich in useful substances and benefit the body, maintaining its strength and health. Hazel can also be grown as an ornamental plant to improve the garden. Planting and caring for a walnut is not much different from caring for other trees of the walnut family.

Walnut, a fairly well-known plant, many gardeners and summer residents want to see it in their area. After all, this tree has not only a beautiful appearance, but will also produce a large number of valuable fruits that are so indispensable for our body. Indeed, due to its valuable composition, walnuts are used in many diets in medicine, and many prefer to use it in cosmetology. But, despite the benefits, many summer residents are not sure whether they can grow a nut. Therefore, before planting a walnut, you need to know some of the nuances.

Usually walnut planting is carried out in the spring, but first you need to choose a planting method, there are only two of them. You can purchase and plant ready-made seedlings, or you can plant a nut with seeds. If you are not familiar with the types of walnuts, then the seed planting method is best for you. After all, you can choose a type of seedling that simply will not grow in your area, and if it does, it will not bear fruit due to lack of pollination. It is worth considering that the walnut is pollinated mainly by the wind, and since the female and male flowers grow separately on it, it is necessary that a nut of the same type grows not far away. Thanks to this, pollination will take place more qualitatively and there will be more fruits.

The nuts that you have selected for planting need to be cleaned of pericarps (upper shell), due to which the germination will increase slightly. Then you need to dig a hole up to 1 meter deep, the earth from the hole must be fertilized. Usually, a nut should be planted in the fall, after harvesting, to a depth no greater than the fruit itself, then it will germinate faster, but if in your region there are severe frosts down to -30C or more in winter, then the fruit needs to be buried deeper to a depth of up to 25 centimeters, so that the fruit did not die from extreme cold.

It is important to know that before germinating, the nut must undergo a cold treatment for stratification (stratification). This usually resolves at 1 to 5C for 90 to 120 days. If weather conditions do not allow you to plant a walnut outdoors or you are afraid that it will not germinate, do not despair, as you can plant a walnut from a walnut in the spring. To do this, it must be exposed to cold (stratification) in another place, for example, in a refrigerator, the conditions must be the same as in nature - from 1 to 5C, otherwise delamination will not occur and the nut will not rise. To increase the germination of the nut, it is better to plant several seeds at once.

Interestingly, there is another way to check if a nut is suitable for subsidence. To do this, you need to collect a bucket of water and pour nuts into it that are suitable for planting. The germination of nuts that have sunk will be better than those that have surfaced.

Planting a seedling

The most suitable time for planting seedlings is spring. Seedlings must be selected of good quality, its thickness should be more than 1 centimeter. Since at the beginning only the root system develops, the height of the seedling does not matter. The most suitable age for a seedling is 2 years. The most important thing for transplanting is not to damage the lateral roots, however, the main root can be cut by 2/3 and then lubricated with a special solution (usually a garden pitch). The fact is that in the first years of life, it is mainly the central root of the tree that grows, and at the time of digging it can already reach more than 1 meter in depth, so it is very difficult to dig out a whole central root.

Seedlings with a “canned” root system are excellent for planting, the root of such a seedling is in a special container, where all the necessary substances for the growth of a young tree are already present. Because of what, the tree will immediately grow.

It is worth noting that the walnut does not like transplanting very much, therefore, it must be planted in a pre-prepared place. IMPORTANT! It is advisable to plant walnut away from buildings, since an extensive root system can significantly damage the foundation.