Characteristics of the main characters of the work Dubrovsky, Pushkin. Their images and description. Heroes of the novel Dubrovsky by Pushkin's composition Who is the main character of the novel by Dubrovsky

Russian authors have given the world many outstanding works. The struggle for freedom, love, the division of society into classes, the importance of a sense of duty and responsibility for a person - these are the immortal themes of Russian classics. Separately, in the list of works, one can single out the novel "Dubrovsky", created by A. S. Pushkin, who combined all these motives.

History of creation

A. S. Pushkin took as the basis of his novel a real story that happened to the landowner Ostrovsky in the early 30s. XIX century. Then the estate was taken away from him, but the peasants flatly refused to accept the new owner and became robbers. This story greatly shocked A. S. Pushkin, who always sought to limit arbitrariness and protect human rights.

Plot

The author of the novel "Dubrovsky" created an extremely interesting narrative in terms of plot. So, the work begins to capture the reader literally from the first pages. The novel is about the not very rich landowner Dubrovsky, who faced the harassment of a richer neighbor and former friend Troekurov. As a result, through the fault of a friend and then Dubrovsky dies, and the estate goes to a neighbor. Dubrovsky's son, Vladimir, cannot come to terms with this and burns down his estate. However, officials are inside, and he is charged with murder, in connection with which he chose to hide.

At this time, a gang of robbers is formed, as it is assumed, under the leadership of Dubrovsky, and a new teacher Deforge appears in Troekurov's house, with whom his daughter Maria falls in love. As it turns out later, he is Dubrovsky, the leader of the gang.

The work ends tragically - the main characters of the novel "Dubrovsky" are separated. Maria marries another on her father's orders, and Dubrovsky's gang is surrounded and defeated. However, he himself disappears, and his fate remains unknown.

The main characters of the novel "Dubrovsky"

As the title suggests, the main character of the novel is Vladimir Dubrovsky. Before the problems with the estate began, he served in the capital and spent his time exclusively on entertainment. However, the situation with his father greatly changed the character of the hero. "Justice is more precious than anything else, including personal happiness," Dubrovsky understands. An analysis of his actions shows that the hero is ready to seek justice at any cost, including at the cost of his life.

He is the opposite of Troekurov, since honor, love, dignity, care, devotion and other high feelings are important for Dubrovsky. According to researchers, it is through this character that A. S. Pushkin expresses his thoughts.

The main character of the work is Maria Troekurova. This is a young girl who has strict rules. She falls in love with Dubrovsky, who appeared in the house under the guise of teacher Deforge, but refuses to run away with him and marries another, unloved person at the behest of her father. When Dubrovsky stops them immediately after the wedding and asks her to run away with him, she again refuses, although she loves him, and explains this by the fact that the engagement has already taken place. To understand her act, one must take into account the time reflected in the novel. Dubrovsky nevertheless wanted to go against the grain, begging her to leave her husband. But the love of Vladimir and Masha ends tragically.

The time reflected in the novel "Dubrovsky"

To better understand the work, it is necessary to take into account the period of its creation. So, the time reflected in the novel "Dubrovsky" refers to the 30s. XIX century. It was then that A. S. Pushkin began to be fascinated by the theme of the peasant revolt, which first appeared in this work. Later, the author continued it in the story "The Captain's Daughter".

The era in the novel is conveyed by A. S. Pushkin very colorfully. So, when reading, the social situation at that time, the life of the nobles in the provinces, as well as their arbitrariness, immediately become clear, because not only Troekurov shows it, but also other nobles.

The time reflected in the novel "Dubrovsky" is separated from us by almost a couple of centuries, but little has changed in the country since then, because the rich still do whatever they want, and often with impunity, corruption flourishes.

Topics covered in the novel "Dubrovsky"

A. S. Pushkin touches on many ideas, among which the problem of confrontation between humbled peasants and landlords, who freely create arbitrariness, stands out clearly. Troekurov personifies everything bad in the novel: unreasonable cruelty towards the peasants, his former friend Dubrovsky, and even his own daughter, who, under the compulsion of her father, marries not for love. The author condemns this situation, which is why the leader of the gang turns out to be a positive character for him.

Also, the theme of corruption is clearly noted in the work, because in fact Troekurov did not have rights to the Dubrovsky estate, but with the help of money he was able to arrange everything properly.

It should be noted in the novel and the theme of the popular uprising of the peasants, who followed their former master not according to the law, but at the behest of the heart.

"Dubrovsky" is one of the best novels by A.S. Pushkin. In this work, all the characters have different character traits, both pluses and minuses, each character has his own unique outlook on life. In the novel, the author vividly describes each character, from which, in turn, we have a portrait of each character. Pushkin provides us with stories not only of heroes, but also of their families. Everyone has their own destiny, someone manages to bypass all the obstacles that life provides him, and someone builds any barriers for himself.

main characters

Andrey Gavrilovich Dubrovsky- a stubborn but kind old man, a widower because of him he brought up the main character Vladimir alone, in the past he was an officer, friend and neighbor of Troekurov. The owner of the village of Kistenevka, the estate is about 70 souls. Serfs respect their master. Due to Troekurov's harshness, he writes a furious letter to his neighbor. As a result, enmity arises. It comes to the point that a rich neighbor sues Dubrovsky's estate by deceit.

Vladimir Dubrovsky- the only child of Andrei Gavrilovich. He is brave, well-read, handsome and educated. Upon arrival in Kistenevka, the death of her own father is hard to bear. Not wanting to give the house to a neighbor, Vladimir and the servant start a fire, the officials who were in the officials who came to draw up documents die. For good money, he buys documents from a recently arrived Frenchman under his name, works and lives with Troekurov, where he falls in love with Maria Kirillovna.

Marya Kirillovna Troekurova- the girl is educated and quite romantic. She grew up with her father, her mother died in childbirth, she has no girlfriend. Maria does not like noisy, cheerful feasts, she likes silence, books help brighten up her days and not feel lonely. She falls in love with Vladimir and is ready to run away with her beloved so as not to marry the prince.

Troekurov Kirill Petrovich- an authoritative and rich man. Previously took part in hostilities, former general. He has a difficult temper and sometimes dangerous jokes (for the sake of fun, he sends the teacher to a room with a bear). Troekurov cannot be called an educated person, he does not like to read books, he does not know French. He repents after a ridiculous quarrel with a neighbor, tries to fix everything, but Dubrovsky passes away. Against the will of his daughter, he marries her to an influential old prince.

Prince Vereisky- fifty years old, Troekurov's neighbor. Visiting a neighbor, he notices the extraordinary beauty of Maria Kirillovna. Offers to play a wedding, to which Troekurov agrees, even despite the tears of his daughter. Maria writes a letter to Vareisky, asking him to refuse marriage, but the prince shows the letter to her father and a decision is made to urgently get married.

Deforge- a French teacher who goes to Troekurov's house. Dubrovsky intercepts him and, for a large sum, agrees to change places. At Troekurov, everyone admires the teacher, his manners, and his ability to deftly hold a conversation. Geforzh has a good hunting skill for his owner.

Minor Heroes

Shabashkin- an official who came to the Dubrovsky estate to rewrite papers on Troekurov. There he dies.

Anton Pafnutevich Spitsyn- Gives false evidence in court in favor of Troekurov.

Arkhip, blacksmith- helps to set fire to Dubrovsky's house. He disobeyed Vladimir, closed the doors and windows, because of which the officials could not escape.

Option 2

Dubrovsky Andrey Gavrilovich

Former officer who lives next door to Troekurov. A widower, he raised his son on his own. Honest and proud, has a healthy stubbornness. In his submission about 70 serfs. They all love and respect the owner, because he treats them humanly. The hero is pretty hot-tempered. After the insolence of the neighbor's servant, Dubrovsky writes him an angry letter, demanding an apology. But Troekurov does not want to apologize. As a result, hostility flares up. After a vile neighbor deprives him of his property rights, he falls seriously ill, loses his mind. Dies in Vladimir's arms.

Vladimir Dubrovsky

Cornet. The young man is brave and proud. He swore to himself to take revenge on Troekurov for the death of his parent. Fair. Faithful to principles. But he resorts to cunning, since he works for the enemy under a false name in order to become closer to him. He falls in love with Marya Kirillovna, but after learning that Troekurov is her father, he shows generosity and does not kill the enemy. Put together a gang and fight for justice.

Kirilla Petrovich Troekurov

Participant of the war, former general. The person is solid, with character, rich. It's dangerous to joke with him. As a nobleman, he is generous, but a bad temper makes itself felt. He does not have time to apologize to his neighbor, therefore, after the death of Dubrovsky, the elder, his conscience torments him. He only wanted to demonstrate his influence, but did not want the death of even an antipathetic person. Calculating, because he makes his daughter marry an old man, without love.

Maria Kirillovna

A decent, educated young lady. Her childhood passed without a mother. She has no friends. He does not like entertainment events of high society, cannot achieve absolute frankness with his father. She is 17 years old. She is beautiful and slim. Falls in love with Vladimir and is ready to run away with the robber, so as not to get married by calculation. But then he gives up.

Deforge

The teacher is from France. On the way to the Troekurov estate, Dubrovsky intercepts him and persuades him to change each other for money. Nevertheless, Deforge from Dubrovsky turns out no worse - the Troekurovs cannot get enough of him. The new Deforge is smart and strong, courageous, but at the same time, educated and able to keep up the conversation. It shows itself perfectly on the hunt.

Prince Vereisky

Troyekurov's neighbor, in love with Masha. He's 50 years old. He is in a hurry with the wedding, because he understands that the will of the bride is not here. Inflicts a wound on the younger Dubrovsky.

Minor Heroes

Shabashkin, manager

He came to rewrite the Dubrovsky estate for Troyekurov. Stays in the estate for the night, dies from the fire

Arkhip, blacksmith

Arranged an arson at a house with officials. Vladimir orders the doors and windows not to be closed, but the blacksmith does not obey. He saves the cat and leaves people to die

Anton, coachman

Tells the young owner of the news, swears allegiance. Like everyone else, he does not want to serve Troekurova

Anna Savishna Globova

Tells about the nobility of Dubrovsky Jr. Since she is carrying money to her son, who serves in the guard, the robbers let her go.

Anton Pafnutevich Spitsyn

He gave false testimony that the Dubrovsky estate once belonged to the Troekurovsky ancestors.

3 option

The main characters of the work are representatives of the Dubrovsky family represented by father Andrei Gavrilovich and his son Vladimir, as well as members of the Troekurov family represented by the landowner Kirila Petrovich and his daughter Marya Kirillovna.

The elder Dubrovsky appears as a writer in the form of a tall, pale old man, a retired officer of the guards, a widower of ancient noble origin, who is currently an impoverished landowner, passionate about hunting. The characteristic features of Andrei Gavrilovich are his pride, determination and exceptional self-esteem, manifested in his independence, severity, gloom. Andrei Gavrilovich passionately loves his only son Vladimir, experiencing warm affection for him. In connection with the lost estate, which is taken from him by his neighbor Troekurov, Andrei Gavrilovich loses his mind, and subsequently dies.

Vladimir Dubrovsky, who is the key character of the novel, is described in the work as a poor nobleman, twenty-eight years old, medium height, brown-eyed, with straight features. Vladimir receives his father's upbringing, since he loses his mother in early childhood. Young Dubrovsky is being trained in the St. Petersburg cadet corps, after which he is sent to serve in the Guards Regiment with the rank of cornet. Vladimir has a good ear for music, waltzes well and passionately loves hunting. Vladimir is characterized by the writer in the form of a bold, non-timid man, distinguished by kindness, generosity, generosity and courage, which deserves the reverence and love of his serfs. As a student of a military school, like all young men, he leads an idle life, not counting money and not thinking about the future. However, having returned to the family estate due to the illness of his father, Vladimir changes dramatically, and having lost the estate, taken by the neighboring landowner Troekurov, he moves into the forest, becoming a robber who helps poor people and punishes the rich. In order to take revenge on Troekurov, Dubrovsky is hired into his house as a French tutor. In the Troekurovsky estate, Vladimir spends a lot of time with the daughter of the landowner Maria and gradually falls in love with the girl, inflamed with passionate feelings for her. After Troekurov forces his daughter to become the wife of the rich old prince Vereisky, Vladimir leaves the life of a robber and decides to leave the country in which he has no close people left.

Kirila Petrovich Troekurov, one of the main characters of the novel, is portrayed by the writer as a landowner, a retired general-in-chief, who belongs to a noble family and has a significant fortune in the form of land plots, estates and serf souls. Troekurov has a strong, strong physique, a loud voice, while the landowner is fond of drinking and organizing feasts in his house, after which he suffers from overeating. Distinctive features of Kirila Petrovich are his arrogance, arrogance, lust for power, expressed in the tyranny and capriciousness of Troekurov in relation to those around him and his serfs. In addition, Troekurov does not comply with the established laws, considering himself above them, and in order to take possession of the Dubrovsky estate, he goes to bribe the judiciary. Kirila Petrovich is very kind to her only daughter Maria, having several illegitimate children from serfs, as well as from a French governess, however, regardless of Maria's feelings and opinion, she marries her to old Vereisky.

Maria Troekurova, a seventeen-year-old girl, is presented by the author as a beautiful, slender woman, left early without a mother and tied to her father, Kirila Petrovich. The girl spends her whole life in rural solitude under the supervision of a French governess, having no friends, taking a great interest in reading, music, embroidery and walks. By nature, Maria is a true aristocrat who knows how to restrain her own mood, loves flattery and recognizes the fair division of people into class estates. The girl falls in love with her teacher, who turned out to be Vladimir Dubrovsky, but at the insistence of her father she marries Vereisky, the old prince, resigning herself to her unfortunate fate.

The secondary hero of the novel is the image of Prince Vereisky, a fifty-year-old pleasant-looking man who is a frail, weak man, suffering from senile gout and bored without secular entertainment. Vereisky is distinguished by a weakness for the female sex, being able to skillfully charm women and using his rich fortune. Despite the lack of feelings on the part of the young Maria Troekurova, Vereisky marries a girl who does not love him.

Composition Characters in the novel Dubrovsky

The main character in the work is Dubrovsky, an elderly nobleman, a former officer. A good-natured man raised his son himself, as he lost his wife. He has a small estate where peasants work, who respect him very much and treat him well. Dubrovsky had a wealthy neighbor named Troekurov, and a feud broke out between them, so strong that the neighbor somehow managed to sue Andrey Gavrilovich for that very estate. Dubrovsky on this basis is completely losing his mind, he fell ill, and when his son arrived, he died.

Dubrovsky's son's name is Vladimir. He is handsome, brave, proud. He came to his father's estate when he learned about what had happened. Vladimir is very worried about the death of his father. And he decides, together with the servants, to start a fire so that the estate does not go to the enemies. Officials who came to make a deal were killed in this fire. Then he bought documents from a French teacher, and under a false name gets a job for Troekurov. Falls in love with the girl Maria, and decides to save her from marriage with him.

Kirill Petrovich Troekurov is a man with a controversial character, very rich. Former general. His character is heavy, but as a host he is generous. He is a poorly educated person and does not like to read at all. When he quarreled with Dubrovsky, he later began to regret it. And when Dubrovsky died, he was tormented by remorse for what he had done.

Maria Kirillovna, daughter of Troekurov, she is a smart, well-read girl. She grew up only with her father, as her mother died at her birth. She tries not to share her thoughts and feelings with her father, as she believes that he will not understand her. Being a seventeen-year-old beauty, she falls in love with Vladimir Dubrov. And she was ready to run away with him, if only not to marry an elderly man.

Also in the work there is a man named Deforge, whom Dubrovsky met and persuaded him to sell him his documents.

Also, Troekurov had a neighbor, a man of about fifty, Prince Vereisky, he falls in love with Maria. And Masha's father wants to marry his daughter to him, despite her protests. As a result, Maria nevertheless was married to Vereisky, despite the fact that Dubrovsky and the gang tried to stop it. And Vereisky wounds Dubrovsky during the shot.

There are also minor characters in the story. For example, Shabashkin, who dies in a fire on the estate, he came along with the officials. Blacksmith Arkhip, who participated in the arson, he closed all the doors and windows, although Vladimir asked to leave them open so that they could escape. A coachman named Anton, he met Dubrovsky's son and told him about what had happened. Comrade Spitsyn, he testifies in court against Dubrovsky, said in court that the estate belonged to some relatives of Troekurov. Anna Globova she talked about how fair and noble Mr. Dubrovsky is.

Pushkin's work "Dubrovsky" has a very unusual and very interesting plot. Although all the heroes of this work remain alive, unlike Dubrovsky the elder, who fell ill and soon died, they are still unhappy.

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DUBROVSKII

DUBROVSKII Vladimir Andreevich is the main character of the unfinished novel, "the noble robber".

Dubrovsky - which is rare in Pushkin's artistic system - has real prototypes. In 1832, the Kozlovsky district court heard the case “On the improper possession by Lieutenant Ivan Yakovlev, son of Muratov, of the estate belonging to the Guards, Lieutenant Colonel Semyon Petrov, son of Kryukov<…>Novopanskoe village. The clerk's copy of this case (with the replacement of Muratov by Dubrovsky, Kryukov by Troekurov) is included in the text of the 2nd chapter. Apparently, the Pskov legend about the rebellion of the peasants by the landowner Dubrovsky (1737), and the story of P.V. Nashchokin about the fate of the Belarusian landowner Ostrovsky, who was left without land and turned into robbers, were also used; in the plans and drafts, the hero is sometimes referred to as Ostrovsky, then Zubrovsky.

The novel (and, therefore, its hero) is equally oriented to Russian reality - and to the literary tradition. Pushkin is looking for a point of intersection of the social role of the "reluctant robber" and the "romantic" role of the noble robber. (He directly refers the reader to the poem "Konrad Wallenrod" by A. Mickiewicz and the "mass" novel by X. A. Vulpius "Rinaldo Rinaldini, the leader of the robbers" (Russian translation - 1802-1803); counts on a parallel with Schiller's Karl Moor, but also refers to the gentleman/robber opposition, which goes back to Bulwer-Lythgon's Palem, or the Adventures of a Gentleman, the "robber" theme of W. Scott's Rob Roy and C. Naudier's Sbogar, all complicated by social analysis in in the spirit of the latest novels by J. Sand and O. de Balzac (see: H. N. Petrunina). At this point, the image of Vladimir Dubrovsky is focused - at the same time very conditional and very real.

The "prehistory" of the hero is quite literary; the set of biographical details is typical. From the age of 8, Dubrovsky was brought up in the St. Petersburg Cadet Corps; "Father spared nothing for his decent maintenance." "Being wasteful and ambitious," he revels, plays cards, gets into debt and dreams of a rich bride. Having received news of the illness of his father, Andrei Gavrilovich, and, most importantly, of the illegal taking of the only estate of Kistenevka in favor of the rich neighbor-tyrant Kirila Petrovich Troekurov, Dubrovsky goes home. Driving past the Troekurov estate, he fondly recalls his childhood friendship with the daughter of the "villain", Marya Kirilovna; At home, he finds his father dying.

The situations in which Dubrovsky will now have to act are also romantically traditional.

At first, without even reaching the threshold (which is important; this will subsequently allow him to remain unrecognized), Dubrovsky breaks off relations with Troekurov, who has come to make peace:

“Tell Kiril Petrovich to get out as soon as possible before I order him to be driven out of the yard ... go!<…>Yegorovna left.

There was no one in the hall, all the people ran into the yard to look at Kiril Petrovich. She went out onto the porch - and heard the answer of the servant, informing on behalf of the young master. Kirila Petrovich listened to him while sitting in the droshky. His face became darker than the night, he smiled contemptuously, looked menacingly at the servants, and rode at a pace around the yard.<…>».

Then, after the funeral of his father, Vladimir orders to set fire to the house, which, according to the court, went to the enemy, and, together with the peasants, goes to his native Kistenevskaya grove to rob the unrighteous landowners. (The very name of the Dubrovsky estate, hinting at a robber's flail, seems to suggest such a turn of events in advance.) From now on, it seems that he ceases to be a real person, a small estate nobleman Dubrovsky, and turns into a character in the legend of Rob Roy. He is completely separated from his real face. Therefore, the landowner Anna Savishna Globova, who tells Troekurov's guests about Dubrovsky, who appeared to her under the guise of a general and exposed the clerk thief, is not at all embarrassed that her guest was black-haired, like the hero of the Patriotic War, General Kulnev, and looked 35 years old, then as a "real" Dubrovsky fair-haired and young - he is 23 years old. What is immediately reported by the police officer, reading out the signs of Dubrovsky; the method of “splitting” the image used in “Boris Godunov” is repeated.

“All eyes turned to Anna Savishna Globova, a rather simple widow, beloved by everyone for her kind and cheerful disposition. Everyone eagerly prepared to hear her story.

<…>Some general asks to see me: you are welcome; a man of about thirty-five enters me, swarthy, black-haired, in a mustache, in a beard, a real portrait of Kulnev<…> „<…>Know that Dubrovsky himself was a Guards officer, he will not want to offend a comrade. I guessed who His Excellency was<…>

Everyone listened in silence to the story of Anna Savishna, especially the young lady. Many of them secretly welcomed him, seeing in him the hero of a romantic<…>

And you, Anna Savishna, believe that you had Dubrovsky himself, - asked Kirila Petrovich. - You are very wrong.<…>I don't know if his hair turned black, but<…>he was a curly blond boy,<…>he is not thirty-five, but about twenty-three.

Exactly so, Your Excellency, - the police officer proclaimed, - I have in my pocket the signs of Vladimir Dubrovsky<…>

The police officer took a rather soiled sheet of paper out of his pocket, unfolded it with dignity, and began to chant:

<…>He is 23 years old, of medium height, has a clean face, shaves his beard, has brown eyes, blond hair, and a straight nose. Special signs: there were none.” ("Dubrovsky").

Bailiff

Who is literate here?

Gregory (stepping forward)

I am literate.

“The unworthy friar Gregory of the Otrepiev family fell into heresy at the Miracle Monastery and dared, taught by the devil, to revolt the holy brethren with all sorts of temptations and iniquities.”<…>

<…>And let him be a thief Grishka from birth (looks at Varlaam) over 50. And he is of medium height, his forehead is bald, his beard is gray, his belly is thick ...

Varlaam (pulling out paper)

<…> “And the years of e-mu from-ro-du ... 20.” - What, brother? where is 50? see? 20.

During the reading, Gregory stands with his head bowed, with his hand in his bosom.

Varlaam (continues)

“But he is small in stature, his chest is wide, one arm is shorter than the other, his eyes are blue, his hair is red, there is a wart on his cheek, and another on his forehead.” ("Boris Godunov").

By this moment the reader should already have guessed that Dubrovsky is sitting among the guests, for he made his way into Troekurov's house under the guise of a French teacher Desforges, embroidered for little Sasha, Marya Kirilovna's half-brother. (For more details about the “bear scene”, in which “Deforge”, who has just arrived at Troekurov’s house, shows heroic composure and “falls in love” with Masha, see the article about her). Naturally, all the plot possibilities of such a situation are used. In Deforge's room, the landowner Spitsyn spends the night, whose perjury just allowed Troekurov to rob the Dubrovskys; the imaginary teacher cannot resist revenge and robs Spitsyn, which is why he is forced to flee a few days later. Of course, before the disappearance, Deforge-Dubrovsky explains with Marya Kirilovna, and then the reader learns a detail that completely turns the situation around, fills the recognizable “moves” of the adventure novel with new meaning. The reader had to assume that the robber Dubrovsky made his way into Troekurov's house in order to kill the culprit of all his misfortunes, and only a sudden love for Masha stopped him. But no; it turns out that he bought documents from the "real" Deforge (by the way, for 10,000 banknotes) only in order to be close to Marya Kirilovna; for her sake he had long since forgiven his destroyer; his dream of family happiness (which awakens in the heart of the hero when reading the letters of the deceased mother to his father) is much stronger than the thirst for revenge.

The noble robber turns into an unfortunate lover; unfortunate in any outcome of events - marriage with a forest chieftain does not promise her beloved anything but anxiety, trials and - in a sense - shame. His happiness is tantamount to her unhappiness, and vice versa, and they cannot imagine life without each other. That is why, when Marya Kirilovna, betrothed to the exquisitely voluptuous middle-aged (in her eyes, “old”) Prince Vereisky, asks to be kidnapped (“No, no,” she repeated in despair, “it’s better to die, it’s better to go to a monastery ...” ), Dubrovsky - whose dream is coming true! - closes his eyes with his hands and seems to be choking on invisible tears. The situation is dire, unresolvable. But in his heart all the same "there is no place for hatred"; according to his self-perception, he is not an ataman, not a people's avenger, he is a nobleman, he is a man. And the social life that dooms him is inhuman.

This is precisely the true tragedy of Dubrovsky, this is precisely the true guilt of Troekurov, that an honest Russian nobleman, romantically attached to his father, to his home, cherishing the dream of a family, is placed in a position from which there is no way out. (Kistenevskaya grove is a departure, but not a way out.) Endless poverty is tantamount to social suicide; submission to Troekurov's tyranny is tantamount to the loss of noble (it is also human) dignity; rebellion, firstly, deprives of hope for happiness, and secondly, it cannot be completely noble. The very first order of Dubrovsky - to set fire to the house, but to open the front hall so that the orderly officials had time to escape - was not carried out; Arkhip the blacksmith, secretly from the master, locks them up, the "cursed." Not out of personal, spiritual malice (he immediately climbs, risking himself, to save a cat from the fire), it’s just that the terrible instinct of a rebel wakes up in him, over which the will of the master, the “head of the gang,” is no longer in control. If not for Dubrovsky, there would not have been a rebellion that awakens this terrible instinct.

Not without reason, in the final scene, when Masha is already hopelessly lost to Dubrovsky (the robbers are late, she is married to Vereisky and will be faithful to him), and the first attack of government troops is repulsed, the wounded Dubrovsky dismisses his Kistenevites. And although in parting he tells them: "... you are all swindlers and probably do not want to leave your craft," nevertheless, soon after Dubrovsky's departure, the robberies stop, the roads become free for travel.

As for the leader of the gang, Pushkin was originally going to send his hero to St. Petersburg, where Dubrovsky was waiting for exposure. Guilty without guilt; a noble robber who promotes a cruel rebellion; the victim of violence becoming its instrument; a nobleman who left society for the sake of preserving inner freedom and became a hostage of his own social role ... The social thought of the author of "Dubrovsky" is pessimistic; the last phrase in the manuscript of the novel reads:<…>Dubrovsky fled abroad. The departure of the hero abroad is not only a sign of his personal defeat, but also a sign of the defeat of Russia. Dubrovsky, as a tragic consequence, is forced out of its borders; reasons are fully preserved.

The projection of the image of Dubrovsky on a different class and cultural soil is obvious in the image of the robber Pugachev in The Captain's Daughter. N. V. Gogol (apparently familiar with the plot of the unpublished novel), when creating Dead Souls, semi-parodicly repeated the features of Dubrovsky in The Tale of Captain Kopeikin, a legless nobleman officer, hero of the Patriotic War (see the comparison of Dubrovsky with Kulnev in Globova's story ), from the hopelessness of the situation, leaned into a band of robbers. From the book Life and Works of Pushkin [The best biography of the poet] author Annenkov Pavel Vasilievich