Fungicides are often used to combat dangerous diseases and plant pests in the garden, vegetable garden, and indoor flowers. What are these substances? What is the reason for the high efficiency of the compositions?
What are fungicides
Substances of biological or chemical origin are used to prevent, eliminate and prevent fungal infections, to control pests for indoor flowers, horticultural crops. The preparations are effective for protecting seeds during dressing.
Translated from Latin, fungicide means "killing mushrooms." The timely use of antifungal compounds preserves the health of plants, increases productivity, and prevents the spread of fungal infections.
Properties and features
The correct use of fungicides for plants guarantees the protection of fruit, vegetable crops, indoor plants from pathogenic fungi. Consultants of the Home - Garden - Garden stores or specialized departments of building supermarkets will tell summer residents and amateur flower growers which tool will help in a particular case.
Fungicides differ in several parameters, have different strengths. When buying compounds, you need to consider many characteristics.
Origin:
- organic (antifungal action is based on the activity of certain bacteria);
- inorganic (preparations are made on the basis of various chemical compounds).
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Degree of decomposition:
- long remain in the soil (inorganic substances);
- environmentally friendly, completely biodegradable (components of natural origin).
Impact force:
- herbal formulations are “softer”, the effect is weaker, but there are few side effects;
- chemicals act faster, more actively, but are often toxic, the use requires caution.
The nature of the distribution in plant tissues:
- contact. They act on the surface of leaves, stems, have a detrimental effect on fungi upon contact with the active substance;
- systemic. Substances through the vascular system of plants penetrate into the tissues of fruit and vegetable crops, some drugs act even in the seed coat.
According to the purpose of application:
- soil treatment;
- dressing of prepared seeds;
- spraying plants during the growing season;
- prevention of fungal infections when laying grain and vegetable crops for storage;
- fight against the fungus during the dormant period;
- universal compounds.
On a note! Biologics have become more popular in recent years. Summer residents and flower growers decided that it was not worth risking the health of plants: chemicals are more active, but worsen the condition of the soil. Toxic compounds often provoke poisoning of people if protective measures are not followed when using potent fungicides.
How to apply
Treatment is carried out with fungicides in the form of a powder (introduction into the soil, dressing seeds) and a solution (spraying plants). Certain types of preparations are recommended at different periods of the life of fruit and vegetable crops.
When fighting fungal infections of vegetable and fruit crops, indoor flowers, it is important to remember the protective measures:
- put on old clothes that cover the whole body;
- put on a medical mask or respirator;
- protect your eyes with special transparent glasses;
- after treatment with any form of antifungal agents, wash your hands well with antibacterial soap;
- clothes can not be used for everyday wear: dry the washed things, iron them, put them in a separate box.
For indoor flowers
Application:
- for the prevention and treatment of fungal diseases, treatment is carried out with contact and systemic fungicides;
- at home, experts advise paying attention to biological products containing active bacteria;
- compositions in the form of an emulsion, powder, spray solution are suitable for use in city apartments;
- chemical fungicides are allowed to be applied before the start of the growing season after the end of the flowering and fruiting period. Biological products can be used at any time (some formulations are suitable for treating fruits at harvest).
For garden plants
Application:
- solution and powder are suitable for dressing seeds. The agent is added to the water during the soaking of the seeds;
- introduction into the soil during digging. Fungicide powder and antifungal solution (watering) will prevent the development of the fungus in the soil;
- spraying is carried out in early spring and by the end of autumn. This method is suitable for antifungal treatment of vegetables and granaries.
How to breed
Prepare a solution or reduce the concentration of the emulsion according to the instructions for the selected fungicide. For each tool there are certain proportions.
General rules:
- prepare a container: a tank, a bucket;
- pour a third of the water;
- pour powder or add concentrated emulsion;
- to stir thoroughly;
- add the remaining water, mix well again;
- to fight the fungus, use only a freshly prepared solution: after a few hours, the drugs reduce their activity, especially biological agents.
Advice! Do not prepare a fungicidal agent in reserve. It is forbidden to leave the solution open for storage: this moment is critical if there are small children. Pets can also be poisoned if they drink part of the composition.
Overview of effective fungicides
When choosing antifungal formulations, it is important to take into account the area of treatment, plant species, toxicity, the degree of damage to green mass and soil contamination. The list of preparations is compiled on the basis of feedback from agricultural specialists, gardeners - gardeners, summer residents and flower growers.
strobi
Characteristics of fungicide Strobi:
- broad spectrum fungicide;
- effective against powdery mildew, basal stem cancer, rust, scab;
- active ingredient - xerozyme-methyl, concentration - 500 g / kg;
- release form - water-dispersible granules;
- the average price of a bottle (200 g) is 2850 rubles.
Topaz
Characteristics of Topaz fungicide:
- a systemic remedy for protecting various crops from rust, powdery mildew, and other fungal diseases;
- the composition is presented in the form of a concentrated emulsion;
- active ingredient - penconazole, concentration - 100 g per 1 liter;
- high efficiency in the prevention of powdery mildew infection, treatment immediately after the first signs of the disease appear;
- application interval - one to two weeks;
- with the active formation of the fungus, Topaz is combined with contact fungicides;
- the average price is 120 rubles per 10 ml.
Horus
Characteristic:
- fungicide for spraying fruit stone and pome crops;
- the drug is effective for combating alternariosis, moniliosis, scab, leaf curl, fruit rot;
- the active ingredient is cyprodinil (1 kg contains 750 g of the substance);
- the fungicide is available in the form of granules for the preparation of a solution;
- one of the advantages is resistance to washout, it keeps well on plants in cool, damp weather (even at temperatures not higher than +15 degrees);
- the last treatment is allowed 14–30 days before fruit collection (depending on the type of plant);
- the drug can be used in combination with fungicides "Topaz" and "Skor";
- the average cost is from 8900 to 11500 rubles.
Quadris
Characteristic:
- a new generation low-toxic agent is effective for eliminating many types of fungus on fruit, ornamental, vegetable and cereal crops;
- active therapeutic and prophylactic properties;
- prolonged action after treatment - up to two weeks;
- suspension concentrate contains azoxystrobin. For 1 liter of the drug there are 250 ml of the active ingredient;
- the fungicide Quadris is sprayed on the leaves in calm, dry weather. The drug is quickly absorbed, penetrates into all plant tissues;
- price - from 2770 to 3900 rubles / liter.
Falcon
Falcon fungicide characteristic:
- effective processing of beets, cereals, grapes;
- the combined preparation contains three active substances: tebuconazole, triadimenol, spiroxamine;
- emulsion concentrate with several active ingredients prevents resistance to the action of the drug;
- the number of treatments - one to four, depending on the culture;
- the average price is 2100 rubles per 1 liter.
Speed
Characteristics of the fungicide Skor:
- highly active broad-spectrum agent;
- active ingredient - difenoconazole, concentration - 100 g per / liter;
- emulsion concentrate successfully showed fungicidal properties on fruit trees, potatoes, tomatoes, currants, pumpkins, gooseberries;
- the product is compatible with most pesticides;
- the working solution cannot be prepared in advance: the activity of the composition will decrease;
- dosage depends on the type of plants;
- the drug is suitable for soaking indoor flower seeds;
- the effect after treatment occurs within 2 hours;
- estimated cost - from 9400 rubles / liter.
Maxim
Characteristic:
- a contact-type fungicidal agent actively fights fungi of the Ascomycetes class;
- active ingredient - fludioxonil at a concentration of 25 g per 1 liter;
- a new chemical class of phenylpyrolles, high efficiency against the background of many drugs;
- a unique fungicide similar in properties to natural antifungal compounds;
- fungicide Maxim is suitable for the treatment of garden and indoor flowers, including bulbs, potatoes, shoots, rhizomes and roots;
- one treatment is enough;
- estimated cost - 1700 rubles per 1 liter.
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Thanos
Characteristic:
- active ingredients: contact substance famoxadone plus local systemic substance cymoxanil. The concentration of each ingredient is 250 g per 1 kg;
- the drug is presented in the form of water-dispersible granules;
- composition for processing potatoes;
- the product adheres well to the surface, actively acts;
- it is allowed to apply no more than four times per season;
- average cost - 2400 rubles for 400 g.
Topaz
Characteristic:
- a systemic remedy that protects stone fruits, pome fruits, ornamental, berry, vegetable crops, vines from fungus;
- active substance - penconazole (per 1 liter - 100 ml of the active ingredient);
- release form - emulsion concentrate;
- average degree of toxicity;
- processing frequency - 1 time in 10 days;
- the average price is 100 rubles per 10 ml.
Switch
Characteristic:
- the combined agent contains two active ingredients: Cyprodinil and Fludioxonil, exhibits contact and systemic action;
- actively fights against gray rot on grapes;
- hazard class for humans and bees - the third;
- action: treating fungicide, protective pesticide;
- water-dispersible granules are used to prepare the working solution;
- Switch is effective for the protection and treatment of grapes;
- improves the safety of the vine, prevents rotting of berries during transportation;
- good resistance to washout;
- wide operating temperature range;
- the average price is 11,000 rubles per liter.
cabrio
Characteristic:
- a modern contact fungicide successfully fights the fungus even with a high infectious load;
- granules are used to prepare an active solution;
- the antifungal formulation also exhibits activity as a pesticide;
- the combination of Metiram and Piraclostrobin has a complex effect on pathogens of fungal infections, reduces the risk of resistance;
- long-acting fungicide: long intervals between applications;
- easy to dissolve, when spraying the minimum amount of "dust";
- the average price of the Cabrio TOP drug is 2600 rubles / liter.
Summer residents, gardeners, gardeners, amateur flower growers believe that it is difficult to grow healthy plants without fungicides. Experienced owners recommend drugs of medium and low toxicity class of the latest generations. With active reproduction of the fungus, it is desirable to combine systemic and contact agents.
Each composition from the list of fungicides is good in its own way. When buying, it is important to take into account the type of plants, the degree of infection, the number of treatments to get the result.
Read more about the properties and application of fungicides in the following video:
fungal diseases- this is a fairly serious problem for any gardener. If you find that your plant is affected by a fungus, you need to take urgent measures, otherwise it will be extremely difficult to save the plant. This may indicate gray coating on the leaves of the plant. In this case, special preparations come to the aid of all gardeners - fungicides. What are fungicides, what they are, how to use them - we will tell in this article.
Traces of leaf damage by a fungal disease
What is a "fungicide"?
First you need to figure out what it is. Fungicides- These are chemical preparations for the treatment of plants, belong to a large group of pesticides. Translated from Latin, "fungicide" means "killing mushrooms." They inhibit the development and destroy fungi harmful to plants.
How fungicides work is still not exactly known. The vast majority of these drugs act directly on fungi and their spores, disrupting their normal life processes. Some fungicides disrupt the reproduction of fungi, some block the synthesis of proteins and other substances necessary for the life of the fungus, and some disrupt the normal process of fungal cell division.
What are fungicides?
There are many different classifications of fungicides. All drugs according to the method of production are divided into chemical and biological. The first are produced artificially from chemical compounds. And the second group is made on the basis of live bacteria pathogenic for fungi. The advantage of biological ones is that they are less harmful and toxic compared to chemical ones. It is because of this advantage that natural fungicides are often used by gardeners.
Another one fungicide classification- according to the mechanism of action. There are two groups of fungicides:
- preventive (they protect plants from harmful fungi);
medicinal (diseased plants are treated).
Leaves affected by the fungus
Depending on the active ingredients, the composition includes organic and inorganic fungicides.
Inorganic fungicides contain salts of sulfur, copper, iron, potassium, manganese and other substances.
Organic fungicides are made from organic substances. They have a number of advantages: such preparations do not contain heavy metals and other harmful chemicals, are easily decomposed by soil inhabitants and are well combined with other pesticides. But organic fungicides also have negative sides - they are not resistant and are washed out of the soil very quickly. Also, they are not very effective and sometimes they are not enough to cure a diseased plant. On the contrary, their inorganic "brothers" act for quite a long time, are characterized by fast action and efficiency.
Fungicidal preparations are used for various purposes. They can directly process the plants themselves (during the growing season or dormancy), seed dressing before planting for prevention, and you can also cultivate the soil. But there are also combined preparations that are suitable for complex processing: seeds, adult plants, as well as soil.
Different fungicides have different localization on the plant. Those fungicides that remain on the surface and act in direct contact with the fungus are called contact, or local. But the effect of such fungicides depends on the amount of the drug, on chemical resistance, and also on the weather, because the drug is easily washed off from the surface of plants by rain.
Another group of fungicides is systemic (or intraplant), they spread inside the plant, destroying pathogenic fungi from the inside. These fungicides are no longer dependent on the weather, their effectiveness is determined only by how quickly the drug penetrates the plant.
Mode of application
Fungicides can be applied in three different ways.
The first is seed dressing before planting. This is done either with a dry powder or with a solution of a fungicide in water.
The second way is spraying adult plants. In this case, the treatment is carried out with a fungicide solution, usually this is done in spring and autumn (as a preventive measure), and also when the plant is infected with a fungus and needs to be cured.
You can also apply a dry preparation or its solution directly to the soil before planting. Such treatment will destroy fungi that may be in the ground and prevent infection of plants.
All fungicides must be used strictly according to the instructions so as not to harm the plant. You also need to remember that many fungicides are classified as substances of medium danger. But you should not worry if you handle fungicides correctly, they can only harm fungi.
That is why it is very important to observe safety precautions when working with fungicides: protect your hands with gloves, wear protective clothing, wash your hands thoroughly after work. Also be sure to isolate children and pets from the premises.
List of drugs
consento
Consento is an effective systemic fungicide for combating late blight, Alternaria and peronosporosis, is available in the form of a suspension.
The agent has a unique activity against a large number of fungi that infect seeds, seedlings, leaves and fruits of plants, and also has a preventive and therapeutic effect.
Easy to use: the drug is diluted with water according to the instructions and evenly sprayed until the leaves of the plant are completely wetted.
Begins to act from the first day after treatment.
Abiga Peak
This is a chemical preparation from the group of contact fungicides. It is based on copper chloride. This element, being released, directly affects the vital activity of the fungus, slowing down the processes of its growth and respiration. Also, copper prevents important proteins from being synthesized, which also kills the fungus.
Acrobat MC
This is a drug with a systemic-contact type of exposure.
Its active ingredients are the chemicals dimethomorph and mancozeb. It is produced in the form of granules that dissolve in water.
Gardeners use it to combat late blight, Alternaria and other diseases.
This natural preparation, which includes strains of bacteria Bacillus subtilis.
It can be found commercially in tablet or powder form.
Alirin-B is used to treat diseases such as late blight, powdery mildew, scab, gray rot and many others. This fungicide acts on the vital processes of the fungus, suppressing them. Side positive effects also include an increase in the amount of ascorbic acid and a decrease in the amount of nitrates in the crop.
It can be used to treat plants or as a prophylactic to protect plants from pathogenic fungi.
Byleton
Chemical fungicide, the active substance of which is triadimefon. Available in powder form. Differs in system action.
It will help to cope with fungal diseases such as powdery mildew, fukarium, rust, septoria and many others. Triadimefon as part of this fungicide inhibits the growth of the fungus, and also disrupts the synthesis of compounds necessary for the fungus. Thus, this drug helps to fight diseases.
Bordeaux mixture
It is a broad spectrum fungicide designed to protect a wide variety of crops from fungal infections. It is quite effective, while it is safe for plants. The solution is prepared quite simply, it is retained on the plants for a long time, while not losing its potency.
Available in the form of a water-soluble powder.
Vitaros
This is a preparation of contact-systemic action, intended for seed treatment before planting.
Available as a solution in ampoules. The main active substance is thiram + carboxin.
Works for a long time. The composition of the drug includes a dye, which facilitates the processing process.
Gamair
This biological fungicide is based on colonies of Bacillus subtilis bacteria. It is used to exterminate fungi both on plants and in the ground. By action, it is an analogue of another fungicide - "Fitosporin".
On sale "Gamair" exists in the form of tablets and powder.
This fungicide is used both for the successful fight against pathogenic fungi and bacteria, and for the prevention of diseases in garden and indoor crops.
Gliocladin
This fungicidal drug is an analogue of another - trichodermin. This drug is made on the basis of a culture of the fungus Trichoderma harzianum, as well as bacteria that have a positive effect on the soil. "Gliocladin" fights fungi in the soil, preventing infection of the plant. The fungus culture in this fungicide multiplies in the soil, thereby inhibiting the growth of pathogenic fungi and bacteria. The mushroom culture itself is harmless to plants, it is destructive only for pathogenic organisms.
This drug can be found on sale in tablets, as well as in the form of suspensions.
The positive properties of this drug can also be attributed to the fact that it is safe, able to restore the soil, and is also highly effective. "Gliocladin" is able to clean the soil of harmful chemicals after the application of pesticides.
Green soap
It is a natural fungicide based on vegetable oils and animal fats, as well as potassium salts of fatty acids. Although it is called "Green Soap", this drug is not soap, but only consists of the same components as real soap.
This drug is used by gardeners to prevent the appearance of fungi and harmful insects on plants. After processing, it covers the leaves and branches of the plant, like a film, preventing pests and fungi from multiplying on it.
On the basis of "Green Soap" at home, various solutions for treating plants are made.
Green soap should be used only for spraying plants, it is not recommended to apply it to the soil.
Kurzat
The effectiveness of the action is provided by the main substances - copper oxychloride and cymoxanil.
Copper oxychloride works from the inside, covering the plant with a protective layer, preventing infection by fungi and pests. And cymoxanil, on the contrary, acts from the inside of the plant, quickly spreading through the plant and destroying the fungus.
Together, these two components provide effective treatment and protection of plants. The drug inhibits the reproduction of the fungus, disrupts its vital activity, and also has an antibacterial effect.
"Kurzat" is mainly used to combat late blight and powdery mildew.
Sold as a water-soluble powder.
Maxim
This drug is from the group of contact fungicides. Gardeners use it to treat bulbs and tubers before planting, and it also helps keep bulbs from rotting in storage.
The active substance of this fungicide - fludioxonil - is very similar in composition to antibiotics. It kills pathogenic fungi and soil microorganisms, while not affecting the beneficial soil microflora.
Protects crops from scab, various rot, black leg and other diseases.
Oksikhom
Fungicide of contact-systemic action. Sold in powder form, used for spraying plants. Made on the basis of copper oxychloride and oxadixyl. It is used to successfully combat late blight, macrosporiosis, peronosporiasis on plants both in the garden and in the apartment.
It has a very fast action, the effect is visible after a couple of hours. That is why it is recommended to use it for the treatment of advanced cases of fungal diseases.
It is important to remember that "Oxyx" is not combined with other fungicidal preparations. It is a toxic drug, so the treatment of plants should be carried out at least 20 days before harvest.
Ordan
A complex drug that has both systemic and contact effects. It is based on copper oxychloride and cymoxanil. Due to the combination of these components, "Ordan" performs several tasks at once: copper oxychloride is responsible for the eradication of the fungus, and also has a bactericidal effect; cymoxanil treats the plant and also protects them from reinfection.
One of the distinguishing features of this tool is that it is not addictive in fungi. Pathogenic organisms cannot adapt to this drug, which is why it is always effective.
Previcour
The spectrum of action of "Previkur" is quite large. It helps to cope with peronosporiosis, various types of root rot, as well as other fungal diseases. Its main difference from other fungicides is its ability to act as a plant growth stimulator. It acts on the immune system of plants, protects against subsequent infections. It is used for both garden crops and indoor flowers.
Profit gold
Fungicide with a systemic mechanism of action. The two active ingredients in its base, cymoxanil and famoxadone, provide effective treatment for various fungal infections. Cymoxanil penetrates inside the plant and acts on the fungus from the inside, blocking its development. And the second component is responsible for the impact on the fungus from the outside. Famoxadone kills the fungus and its spores and forms a thin film over the plant. It is this systemic action that helps to quickly and effectively overcome the fungus on plants, even in difficult cases. The action of the drug is long.
Gardeners use "Profit Gold" to combat late blight, powdery mildew, anthracnose and other fungal diseases. Also, this fungicide is used to treat and protect indoor flowers.
Rayok
This drug is similar in action to the drug "Skor". "Rayok" is absorbed by plants, so it facilitates the fight against diseases. Also, the advantages of this drug include the fact that it begins to act very quickly, literally in a few hours. It is also rain resistant.
The basis of this fungicide is difenoconazole. This substance directly affects the synthesis of the genetic material of the fungus and disrupts it. Because of this, the fungus gradually dies.
Cures garden trees and other plants from scab, Alternaria and powdery mildew.
It is sold as an emulsion.
Fairly effective contact fungicide. Two active ingredients, mefenoxam and mancozeb, effectively fight the fungus, protecting the plant both from the outside and from the inside.
Mefenoxam penetrates the plant tissue, reaches the lesion and destroys the fungus. To help him comes mancozeb, which acts outside the plant, enhancing the effect of the first active substance. Together they quickly help get rid of the disease.
This fungicide is effective in combating late blight, peronosporosis, and also copes well with downy mildew. Decomposes quickly in the soil without harming beneficial organisms.
This drug is produced in granules, they are dissolved in water and a solution for spraying plants is obtained.
Rovral
It is a contact fungicide intended for the local treatment of fungal diseases. The affected areas are lubricated with a solution of the drug. They can also be used to water the ground before planting.
Mechanism of action: the active substance iprodione stops the reproduction and germination of spores, and also negatively affects the development of the fungus.
This fungicide is effective against verticillosis, fucariosis, late blight, powdery mildew in various garden and horticultural crops.
"Rovral" can be used in small doses for preventive treatment of plants. It is also recommended to treat seeds before long-term storage.
Available in powder form.
Speed
"Skor" is used for the treatment and prevention of scab, powdery mildew, various kinds of spotting, moniliosis, coccomycosis.
Plants in all phases of development can be treated with this fungicide.
The big advantage of this drug is its speed.
It is commercially available in the form of an emulsion.
Topsin-M
The active ingredient of this fungicide is thiophanate-methyl. Spreading throughout the plant, this component stops the growth of the fungus, and also blocks the processes of sporulation.
Penetration into the plant occurs through the root system.
In addition to fungi, it also destroys insect pests (for example, aphids), as it also has an insecticidal effect.
The positive aspects of this drug also include: speed of action; the ability to use this drug for both treatment and prevention of fungal diseases; profitability; safety for people and plants.
This drug will work better and faster if it has already been used previously as a prophylactic.
Available in the form of an emulsion, as well as a water-soluble powder.
Trichodermin
It is a biological fungicide made on the basis of natural ingredients. It has become an excellent alternative to chemical pesticides.
The basis of this drug is a strain of saprophytic fungi Trichoderma lignorium. This fungus, when it hits the substrate, begins to actively grow and multiply. In the course of its life, it releases special substances - natural antibiotics. These substances negatively affect the harmful fungus, leading to its death.
Other positive qualities of the drug can also be attributed to the fact that it is completely safe for people and animals, does not accumulate in fruits, and is also able to increase the yield. In addition to fighting fungi, it has a beneficial effect on the soil, and also accelerates plant growth.
The effect of the drug is quite long - it lasts about a month.
"Trichodermin" is effective against more than fifty different pathogens of fungal diseases.
Available in powder and suspension form.
Fitosporin-M
This natural fungicide is based on the bacteria Bacillus subtilis. The antibiotics secreted by these bacteria have a detrimental effect on pathogenic fungi that have infected your plants.
Effective against many diseases of a fungal nature, including black rot, rust, root rot, late blight and many others.
It is practically non-toxic, which allows it to be used for the treatment of indoor flowers. Its additional action is to stimulate plant growth.
Available in three forms - powder, paste, solution.
Hom
This fungicide is produced on the basis of copper oxychloride.
It can act as an analogue of the Bordeaux mixture. But the main difference from it (unfortunately, negative) is that “Khom” is very easily washed off with water from plants, so it does not differ in durability.
It is used to combat late blight, peronosporosis, spotting.
The mechanism of action of the drug: after the treatment of the plant, the drug, falling on the foci of infection with the fungus, penetrates into their cells. There, the fungicide acts on the synthesis of substances important for the fungus, and this causes the death of the fungus.
This fungicide is not addictive in pathogenic organisms, so it is always effective in combating them.
Horus
"Horus" is a fungicide with a systemic type of action. It is based on cyprodinil.
It is intended for spraying crops; after treatment, it forms a thin layer on plants that protects them from infection.
It is used for the treatment and prevention of diseases such as scab, coccomycosis, moniliosis, leaf curl and some others.
The advantages of the drug can also be attributed to the fact that it is active at low temperatures, non-phytotoxic, economical, easy to use.
Here is list of most fungicides used to treat and protect plants from fungal diseases. After reading it, you will have an idea of what fungicides are, how they can help your plant, and which fungicide is best to choose to save your plants.
Fungicides for plants, what are they, what is it? The last decades were marked by an unprecedented growth of viral, bacterial, fungal diseases of all plants. With fungal diseases (late blight, gray rot, other types of rot, powdery mildew, peronosporosis, fusarium, klusterosporosis, root rot, various leaf spots, etc.), with proper use, fungicides successfully cope - contact, systemic. Bacterial, viral diseases are practically untreatable, no matter what actions gardeners take. All fungicides are divided into preparations of contact and systemic action.
contact fungicides
Contact preparations - such as cineb, polycarbocin, copper oxychloride, sulfur, mancozeb, others - are not able to treat already diseased plants, but they reliably protect them from infection. Plants do not develop resistance to them - this is their main advantage. But the term of their protective action does not exceed 10-12 days before the first heavy rain, after which the treatment is repeated.
The multiplicity of treatments for contact fungicides is the largest: from 3 to 6 treatments per season. These drugs almost do not penetrate into the plant, they protect only those places where they are located directly. Therefore, when working with contact fungicides, try to carefully spray not only the upper surface of the leaves, but also the underside of them. Many types of fungi begin to germinate from the underside of the leaves.
Systemic fungicides
Systematicity in plant protection refers to the ability of the active substance to be redistributed from the place of application to other parts of the plant, not only on the surface, but also inside. These drugs protect plants from fungi not only from the outside, but also from the inside. Systemic fungicides are able to have a curative effect, but in the early stages of infection.
Already after 2-6 hours from the moment of treatment, any precipitation (or irrigation) is not able to reduce the effectiveness of such drugs. And the period of protective action remains with them for 2-3 weeks.
However, pathogenic fungi develop resistance to systemic fungicides very quickly. To slow down this process, international crop protection experts recommend using them no more than twice per season on the same crop. And if additional treatments are required, then you need to use drugs or contact action, or a systemic fungicide, but of a completely different chemical group.
Chemical groups of systemic plant protection products (analogues are given in brackets)
- Azoles (triazoles) - Vectra (Granite), Skor (Bogard, Dividend), Topaz, Tilt (Bumper), Folicur, Alto, Bytan, Bayleton, Sportak, Impact.
- Strobirulins - But, Strobi, Amistar.
- Benzimidazoles - Fundazol (Benomyl), Derozal (Colfugo-Super), Tekto (Titusim),
- Phenylamides - Apron.
- Anilidopyrimidines - Chorus.
- Pyrimidinylcarbinols - Rubigan.
- Dithianols - Delan.
- Phosphonates - Alyett (Alufit).
- Phthalamides - Merpan, Folpan.
Like insects, fungal resistance on plants is developed immediately to all fungicides of the same chemical group.
The best options for plant protection are:
- alternation of contact and systemic fungicides;
- alternation of 2-3 systemic drugs, but from different chemical groups.
For many years, mixed fungicides have been produced, consisting of 2-3 active ingredients, and they:
- both contact and systemic action (Kurzat R. Odram, Acrobat MC, Ridomil Gold MC, Sandofan M8, Tattu, Oxyhom, Pilon, Artemi S, Poliram DF, Arceride, Avixil, others). They are used as contact preparations up to 4 times per season with the concentration of the working solution usually not lower than 0.3-0.4% (30-40 g per 10 l of water). Please note that a lower concentration of solutions leads to poor results. So this is just the case when “you can’t spoil porridge with oil” ... Prepare solutions of fungicides of this group, adhering to the recommendations of the instructions, but it’s better to even make them more concentrated than it is written.
- only systemic action, may belong to the same chemical group or to completely different ones. This is done only in order to expand the spectrum of action on harmful fungi. Such fungicides include Mikal, Archer, Ryder, Alto-Super, Falcon, Thanos, and others. They are used no more than twice per season.
Basic rules for using drugs
- Spray only in cloudy calm weather, as well as early in the morning - at dawn or in the evening - at sunset. Precipitation falling within 4-6 hours after treatment reduces the effectiveness of many fungicides.
- Be sure to use rubber gloves, because. all plant protection products penetrate the skin quite well and are then absorbed into the blood. It is enough to put on a light respirator or bandage on the face.
- Try to spray the plants themselves with fungicides, not the soil. A high-quality pneumatic sprayer will help save money, time, and keep you healthy. Therefore, do not save on the purchase of a sprayer.
- It is forbidden to treat crops with systemic fungicides that use green stems or leaves as food, as well as radish, radish, daikon, strawberries, currants, gooseberries, cherries, cherries. The last four can only be processed before flowering. Since all these cultures absorb toxic compounds very well, and do not have time to get rid of them until they are eaten, even if the waiting periods are observed.
- The working solution is prepared immediately before use, can be stored for no more than a day.
- Do not allow any fungicides to enter water bodies, as this leads to the death of all living things in them. Poisons are destroyed faster in the surface layer of the earth, which is not intended for use for vegetable gardens, hayfields, pastures, and playgrounds. The sun, soil microorganisms are the main destroyers, neutralizers of any toxic compounds.
- Store fungicides in a dry, dark, preferably frost-free area away from food. All packages must be sealed, as air moisture changes the physical properties of drugs. The shelf life of biological products is 1-2.5 years, chemical products - 10 years or more, regardless of the expiration date indicated on the container label.
Fungus is a problem found on various types of plants. This microorganism is capable of causing many different diseases that adversely affect the flowering and fertility of crops. Fungicides will help protect and cure plants.
What are "fungicides"?
These are drugs of chemical or biological origin. They are used to treat and prevent diseases that are caused by the development of fungi. Such preparations have been developed for both outdoor and indoor plants. The timely use of fungicides allows you to protect crops from various diseases, as well as significantly increase yields.
Means are produced in the form of powder, tablets, spray, granules. They dissolve well in liquids and are easy to use.
Effect on the plant
There are two main groups of fungicides. They differ from each other not only in composition, but also in action. Knowing the differences and features of the tool, you can achieve high results in a short time.
Contact
This species is intended for the prevention and treatment of plants from diseases. The main advantage of contact fungicides is that they are not addictive in crops. The period of action of such a substance does not exceed twelve days. After the first shower, the plants need to be re-treated.
Contact fungicides do not enter the plant. They only protect the areas they are in. Therefore, when spraying, both the upper and lower parts of the leafy plates should be carefully treated. The effectiveness of the product depends on many factors, namely the chemical properties and weather conditions.
Systemic
Preparations of this group are able not only to protect plants in the area of application, but also to spread to other areas. The hallmark of systemic fungicides is that they can penetrate.
Advice! Since fungi are able to develop resistance to systemic drugs, in order to stop such a process, it is recommended to use the agent no more than 2 times per season for one crop.
Systemic preparations effectively act at different stages of plant disease, and are also able to protect new growths from infection. Liquids after two to six hours after treatment are not affected by atmospheric precipitation. Even with the ingress of a large amount of water, they do not lose their original properties. The period of action of system mixtures is from 2 to 3 weeks.
Biological fungicides
This type of tool has a number of positive aspects. To create it, live bacteria are used, which negatively affect pathogens of fungal diseases. Biological mixtures of contact action are not capable of harming the human body, animals, insects and fish.
Advantages:
- the exposure period is about 14 days;
- non-toxic;
- economical consumption.
If chemical preparations can be used only before flowering and after full harvest, then it is allowed to treat plants with biological mixtures during the growing season.
Application methods
There are several methods for applying fungicides. Each of them has its own characteristics in use. In addition to disinfecting soil, grains and plants, fungicides can be used to treat crop storage facilities (grain, vegetables).
For soil
The main task of fungicides is soil disinfection. Contact mixtures can be used before and after sowing. The substrate is processed by watering, applying a dry preparation, followed by irrigation. The fungicide can be used for both continuous and row application.
For plants
Leaves and other parts of terrestrial plants should be treated with a sprayer. To do this, you can use both manual devices and professional devices. Spraying should only be done in calm weather. It is best to do this in the morning or evening.
Advice! To work as efficiently as possible, the device should be set to minimum spray. This will help the product coat the top and bottom of the leaf blades.
This method of processing plants is often used at home. The number of procedures depends on how long the drug retains its properties on the surface of the leaves.
For seeds
The most effective way is to treat the seeds before sowing. To do this, you can use both dry and liquid forms of the drug. The most popular method is the processing of grains with powder. Seed treatment with moisture is also widely used. After this treatment, they must be thoroughly dried.
Often, stimulating mixtures are applied over fungicides, as a result of which a kind of capsule is formed. When it hits the ground, it collapses.
List of drugs
All types of fungicides have their own characteristics and a different method of application. There are a huge number of drugs on sale, some of them are especially popular among gardeners and summer residents.
Fitosporin
A mixture is produced on the basis of living cells and spores of natural bacteria. The tool is used for outdoor and indoor plants. Phytosporin fights various diseases. It is used against scab, wilting, late blight, black leg, rot of the root system.
Bordeaux mixture
A plant spray is used. The active ingredients are copper sulfate and calcium hydroxide. After treatment, the drug retains its ability to up to two weeks. This tool is compatible with almost all types of pesticides, with the exception of those that include thiram.
Hom
The main component is copper oxychloride. The agent has a contact and systemic-local action. The drug perfectly copes with pathogens of fungal diseases. Do not use at air temperatures above 30 0 C.
Horus
It is applied to protection of different types of plants. Used in liquid form. 120 minutes after application, the product is resistant to moisture and heavy rains. Horus can also be used in tank mixes and combined with fungicides such as Skor and Topaz.
Fundazol
Belongs to the group of systemic fungicides, has a wide spectrum of action. The liquid perfectly fights fungal and other types of diseases at different stages of damage. Fundazol can be used with other types of mixtures, except for those that have an alkaline reaction.
Topaz
Designed for bushes, trees and undersized plants. The main ingredient is penconazole. Topaz is a moderately dangerous remedy. The last treatment should be carried out at least two weeks before harvest.
strobi
It is applied in the form of a solution. The agent dissolves well in the substrate and water, without polluting the environment. Absolutely safe for human and animal life.
Agate
In addition to the protective properties, the tool also increases productivity. The mixture favorably affects the root system and at times increases the germination of grains. Produced in the form of a paste. Plants should be treated up to four times per summer.
Bravo
It is often used for fungal infections of pepper, wheat, potatoes and other types of vegetables. The period of action of the drug is maintained for two weeks. Bravo is the best remedy for late blight and peresporosis.
Bona Forte
This species was created to treat and prevent diseases of domestic plants. Excellent against powdery mildew and rust. Bona Forte actively affects the development of the root system, and also increases the immunity of crops.
Gamair
This tool belongs to the biological group of drugs. Designed for the prevention and treatment of indoor and outdoor flowers. You can also spray them on other crops. Gamair is available in tablets.
Alirin
Used for irrigation and spraying. The drug is produced in the form of tablets. Alirin is recommended to be used two or three times during the summer. The interval between procedures should be at least 7 days.
Gliocladin
Biological agent. Used to treat rot. Can be used for outdoor and indoor crops. The drug is valid for 45 days.
Quadris
It fights well against late blight and powdery mildew. The main component is azoxystrobin. The first result is observed five days after spraying.
Kurzat
A feature of the tool is that the components that make up its composition are able to destroy pathogen spores. The mixture is non-toxic and safe for living organisms. It is used for preventive and therapeutic purposes.
Maxim
Refers to the contact type. It can be used not only to treat plants, but also to disinfect the soil. It copes well with fusarium, root rot and mold. Produced in vials of two milliliters.
Vectra
This type of fungicide is used to treat powdery mildew and scab. Trees should be sprayed with a solution prepared from 10 liters of water and two liters of the drug. The last procedure should be carried out no later than 10 days before harvesting.
Mikosan
The drug belongs to the group of biological agents. The mixture works by increasing the resistance of plants to pathogenic fungi. The components that make up the tool stimulate the formation of lectins.
Ordan
It is produced in the form of a powder of a snow-white, yellowish tint. The tool copes well with diseases that affect potatoes, cucumbers, tomatoes, grapes. The prepared solution is used for spraying the ground part of the crops.
Oksikhom
This is a non-toxic drug. It is presented in packages of 4 grams. Crops are treated by spraying. The product should be used no more than three times a season. The interval between procedures should not exceed 14 days.
Instructions for use
Before you start working with fungicides, you should carefully read the safety rules. Treatment with the drug should be carried out only in special clothing and gloves. After the procedure, wash the suit, and wash your hands and face with soap and water.
It is also worth remembering that the prepared product cannot be stored for longer than a day. The liquid loses its beneficial properties and becomes ineffective for plants. The drug should be prepared in a container that is not intended for eating. It is recommended to store purchased mixtures at room temperature in a dark place.
Conclusion
Plant diseases are the main problem of every summer resident. The correct use of fungicides will help to solve such a difficult situation. Thanks to the unique properties of the preparations, it is easy to get the desired yield.
Problems with insects and fungi are not only on the garden bed. The greenhouse conditions of window sills and balconies are very fond of mold, especially when we carefully care for plants - regular watering, fertilizing the soil, indirect sunlight. Such conditions are liked by both insects and fungi as well. Sometimes you have to seriously think about pesticides and fungicides.
In home growing conditions, we have to be very careful in choosing potent agents - plants in the same room with us, how to calculate the minimum dosage, is it safe to eat processed herbs ... But for small “production volumes” of a home garden, there is a good and proven alternative to synthesized concentrates - natural pesticides and fungicides that can be prepared independently from plants and minerals familiar to us.
I tried to publish recipes with the greatest positive response, since I have little personal experience of use - alcohol has always saved me, about which there is also a couple of words below.
Milk and salt for powdery mildew
- A glass of milk
- Glass of water
- A teaspoon of salt without a slide.
The salt dehydrates the fungus, and the milk allows the salt to stick to the leaves. It is advisable to cover the soil so as not to salt it during the treatment. Treat every 2-3 days.
Rapeseed oil and soft-bodied insect soap
Mix a tablespoon of rapeseed oil with a few drops of liquid soap and a liter of water. Insects really die from it. Rapeseed, like soybeans, is used as a natural effective pesticide.
natural essential oils
Citrus essential oils are excellent pest control. Especially effective: lemon, orange, bergamot, lemongrass. Conifers work worse.
Dissolve a few drops of oil and soap in 0.5 liters of water and irrigate the plants for prevention.
Himalayan pink salt
Himalayan salt is a natural inorganic pesticide. It contains 83 chemical elements, some of which destroy the shells of soft-bodied pests and prevent fungal and mold spores from growing. This salt works better than rock and sea salt (so they say, but I am reserved about such statements. Still, the main working substance in this case is banal sodium, and not the homeopathic amount of molybdenum, gold and something else in Himalayan salt). 1 tablespoon per liter of water. You can also irrigate plants for prevention, but covering the soil can salt the soil. 
Hot pepper+garlic+onion
These natural pesticides in various combinations are most often found in recipes. Here is the basic recipe:
- 2 teaspoons ground chili (hot pepper, cayenne)
- half an onion
- 3-4 garlic cloves
- 1 liter of water
Place the onion and garlic in a blender with a little water and grind to a paste. Mix the pasta with a liter of warm water and pepper, put in a warm place to infuse for a day. We filter, irrigate the infected plant with infusion every 2-3 days. The tincture should be stored in the refrigerator and will last for several weeks.
Natural laundry soap
Probably, everyone knows about the effectiveness of soap against, literally, everything. Apparently, the alkali in the soap is a good pesticide and fungicide, and the soap base helps the active substances stick to the plant.
Grate 10 grams of soap on a grater and dissolve in a liter of warm water. There are recipes with the addition of 2 teaspoons of baking soda. But not only laundry soap appears in recipes for natural pesticides.
Liquid soap
Increasingly, there are variations with liquid soap, and I think that due to the huge amount of organic and inorganic salts, liquid soap is effective in its own way in the fight against insects and molds.
Dissolve a teaspoon of liquid soap in a liter of warm water, treat the plant with a spray bottle every 2-3 days. Soda can also be added to this solution. There are recipes for a solution of liquid soap with rapeseed oil: 1 tbsp of oil, 1 tsp of soap and a liter of water. It was with such a mixture that Benjamin's ficus was saved, which was ill with something unknown and shed its leaves. after processing the whole overgrowth.
tobacco leaves
This is actually a good pesticide, but with one significant drawback - tobacco mosaic virus, which I wrote about in the article, very often lives in tobacco. And it is not at all suitable for processing nightshade (tomatoes, peppers, eggplants ...). Infuse 0.5 cups of tobacco leaves in a liter of warm water for a day, strain and add a teaspoon of liquid soap (there are variations with milk - a glass of milk, 2 glasses of water). Spray every 2-3 days until the problem disappears.
chrysanthemum flowers
Chrysanthemum contains a powerful paralyzing pesticide that copes with most garden pests. Pour 0.5 cups of dried or 1.5 cups of fresh flowers with a liter of boiling water and boil the chrysanthemum over low heat for 20 minutes. I don’t like to cook herbs, I steam them in a thermos, but the original recipe still boils. Let the broth cool and strain. Water the diseased plant.
Update 07/11/2017 Recently I watched a lecture on chemistry, in which natural plant pesticides were mentioned. The substance in the chrysanthemum is a very powerful thing, in the production of a concentrate and use in the so-called "bio-farming" it harms the health of the people who work with it.
rhubarb leaves
Rhubarb works thanks to organic acids. Pour a glass of finely chopped rhubarb with hot (not boiling water!) Water and let it brew for a day in warmth. Strain, add a spoonful of soap. Irrigate until the disease or pest is gone. Suitable for prevention. 
Alcohol
I myself use alcohol when the heating is weak and damp in early spring. Just at this time, the protective properties of the plant itself are weakening, since it is time to replant and change the soil, and all sorts of scale insects and fungus on the surface of the soil are right there. I wipe the leaves of the plant with a cotton pad dipped in pharmaceutical alcohol, I do not breed. You can irrigate with alcohol, including window sills and window frames. This is an excellent tool for literally everything except viruses. I irrigated thyme with alcohol, when I brought in a spider mite - it works.
Garlic+mint+pepper
It is a pesticide-insecticide that works great for both treatment and prevention.
- 5 garlic cloves, peeled
- 0.5 cup dried mint leaves (or a cup of fresh, the stems are also good here)
- 1 tsp hot pepper
- 1 tsp dishwashing liquid or liquid soap
- 1 liter of water.
Load everything except water and soap into a food processor and grind into a paste. Mix the pasta with water and bring to a boil, leave to cool for 12 hours. I would pour the pasta with boiling water, without cooking. Strain, add soap and water the plants.
Chamomile
Chamomile works well against fungal infections of plants and soil. Pour 1 cup of dried chamomile flowers into a thermos and pour a liter of boiling water. A thermos is a good alternative to a bain-marie, and if you have the option of steaming herbs in a thermos, it's best not to boil your herbs on gas. Let it brew overnight, strain. This infusion can be both irrigated and watered plants. If mold has appeared on the soil, we must first dry it, and then add additional moisture. 
Aspirin
About acetylsalicylic, you need to write a separate article, but for now, here is a recipe: 2 aspirin tablets (those that are 300 mg each) per liter of water - irrigate and water. This is one of the best remedies against powdery mildew, gray rot, black leg. I myself have not yet tried and understood the mechanism of operation of acetylsalicylic acid as a pesticide and fungicide, but I am already collecting material. Reviews for aspirin are good.
Lemon juice
Cut the skin from 5 lemons, pour 0.5 liters of boiling water and leave to infuse for a day. Squeeze the juice from lemons and add a glass of water, irrigate plants with fresh juice that are infested with aphids or other soft-bodied insects. Lemon juice is undesirable to get into the ground. Water the soil around infected plants with infusion of lemon peel, repeat once a month for prevention.
Why peels: Lemon juice will acidify the soil, and not all plants like it. The zest also contains an active essential oil that the aphid does not tolerate. This applies, in principle, to most citrus essential oils.
Soda + oil
Good natural remedy for fungus. Mix 1 tbsp of soda with 1 tbsp of vegetable oil, stir in a glass of well-warm water. Next, pour the mixture into 1.5 liters of water. Spray every other day until the fungus is gone. There is one drawback - soda salts the soil, so you need to use the product without fanaticism, and pay attention to the recipe with milk.
- Before treating the plant, try the remedy on a separate leaf or twig to make sure there are no side effects. Sometimes you can not calculate with the concentration, sometimes one or another ingredient may not be suitable for a particular plant.
- Apply the mixture on the inside of the leaves and on the stems, work the soil if the product will not acidify or salt the soil.
- On processing days, keep pots out of direct sunlight.
- Do not forget that any sprays, even if they are at least 100 times natural, have active ingredients that, if inhaled by a person, can cause serious discomfort (especially with hot peppers in the composition and essential oils), so use protection!
The authors of most of the recipes I have collected notice that ladybugs and bees do not suffer from natural pesticides, since the concentration of active substances is much lower. This is very important, because by unwittingly exterminating these insects, we can leave our fields without pollination and natural protection against soft-bodied pests ...
Update 07/11/2017 Modern crop protection products are strictly controlled for toxicity, biodegradability and impact on pollinating insects.
