Appointment. Combat properties. Device.
Purpose and combat properties of the TOZ-8 small-caliber rifle
Small-caliber weapons are divided into sports-mass, intended for training purposes and mass sports as a transitional to combat weapons, and sports-targeted, designed to establish the highest achievements in shooting.
The TOZ-8 small-caliber rifle is a sports-mass model. It is intended for initial training of sports shooters, training of discharge shooters and mass competitions in shooting ranges and shooting ranges.
The combat properties of the TOZ-8 small-caliber rifle: caliber - 5.6 mm; weight - 3.12 kg; total length - 111 cm; aiming line length - about 587 mm; the initial speed of the bullet is about 310 m / s; rate of fire-10-12 rounds per minute; sighting range - 250 m; the greatest range of a bullet - from 1200 to 1600 m; The lethal force of the bullet is maintained at a distance of up to 800 m.
Purpose and arrangement of parts and mechanisms of a rifle.
The TOZ-8 rifle consists of a barrel, a receiver, a trigger mechanism, a sight, a front sight with a front sight, a bolt and a stock.
The barrel serves to direct the flight of the bullet.
The receiver is connected by means of a hemp to the barrel. It serves to place the shutter and the liner in it. A trigger mechanism is attached to it. Behind the receiver "is closed with a lid or cap. 
IMGR2
Receiver with trigger and insert:
a - receiver; b - trigger mechanism; in - insert;
1 - channel for placing the shutter; 2 - cranked cutout; 3 - hole for the tail screw; 4 - window; 5 - hole for removal of powder gases; 6 - axis of the trigger; 7 - trigger; 8 - trigger spring; 9 - trigger spring stand; 10 - trigger spring screw; 11-reflective protrusion; 12 - guide groove for directing cartridges into the chamber; 13 - guide bevels, facilitating the supply of the cartridge into the chamber; 14 - recess for the rammer of the combat larvae of the shutter; 15 screw hole for trigger spring screw
The trigger mechanism is needed to release the hammer from the cocking. It consists of trigger, trigger spring, trigger spring screw. There is a stand on the trigger spring, the front part of which is the gate delay, and the rear part is the sear.
The insert is intended for directing cartridges into the chamber and for repelling cartridge cases (cartridges),
The shutter serves to send cartridges into the chamber, lock the bore, fire a shot and remove the spent cartridge case. It consists of a combat larva, a bolt stem with a handle, a trigger, a striker with a striker, a mainspring and a clutch.
The combat larva is intended to connect all parts of the shutter. It has a channel inside for a striker, a mainspring and a clutch and a cup for a cartridge head with a hole for the striker's striker to exit. On the sides of the combat larva there are two longitudinal grooves: an ejector is placed in the right one, and a sleeve with springs in the left one. In the front lower part of the combat larva there is a protrusion that acts as a cartridge rammer, in the rear part there is a stump with a hole for putting on the bolt stem with a handle.
Gate:
1- trigger; 2-stem; 3 - mainspring; 4 - combat larva; 5 - ejection sleeve holder; 7 - sleeve ejector spring; 8 - drummer
The shutter stem with a handle is necessary for the convenience of the shutter. It has two large cutouts for the trigger lugs when it is down and two small cutouts for the trigger lugs when the bolt is open. The front part of the stem is connected to the stump of the combat larva by means of an annular groove between the stump and the rear cut of the larva.
The trigger keeps the drummer cocked. It has semicircular protrusions and a bevel, which is a combat platoon. A threaded hole is made inside the trigger for screwing onto the drummer, and at the back there is a through hole for attaching the trigger to the drummer with a pin.
The drummer serves to strike the striker on the rim of the sleeve. A mainspring with a clutch is put on it. It has a rim in front for resting the spring and strikers, and a threaded part for screwing the trigger in the back.
The mainspring informs the striker of the forward movement. It is put on the drummer, with the front end resting on the rim of the drummer, and the rear end against the sleeve.
The aiming device is designed to direct the rifle at the target and give it the required aiming angle.
It consists of an open-type sector sight and a front sight with a front sight.
Small-caliber side-fire cartridge:
1- bullet; 2 - sleeve; 3 - rim of the sleeve; 4 - leading belts; 5 - powder charge; 6- shock composition; 7 - spherical recess
The cartridge for a small-caliber rifle is distinguished by the absence of a special primer. The impact composition necessary to ignite the powder charge is pressed into the head of the sleeve between the walls of its rim.
The sleeve is made of brass and has a cylindrical shape. Inside the sleeve, in addition to the impact composition, smokeless pyroxylin powder is placed. In front of the sleeve, a bullet made of an alloy of lead and antimony is strengthened. Leading belts are made in the middle part of the bullet to reduce friction on the bore. On the back there is a spherical recess to prevent the breakthrough of gases between the bullet and the walls of the barrel when fired.
The principle of operation of rifle parts
When loading a rifle, a cartridge inserted through the receiver window, while being sent forward by the bolt, slides along the bevels of the liner and enters the chamber. The trigger, when the bolt is sent forward with its combat cocking, rests against the rack of the Snuek spring and lingers, and the stem and combat larva, continuing to move forward, compress the mainspring. The ejector and sleeve holder enter the cutouts of the chamber, the ejector tooth jumps over the rim of the sleeve. When lowering the handle of the bolt stem along the cranked cutout to the lower position, the bolt tightly locks the barrel bore.
When the trigger is pressed, it turns on its axis and sinks the trigger spring rack, which, at the same time, comes out from under the cocking.
The drummer under the action of the mainspring is fed forward through the channel of the combat larva, the striker, having passed through the hole in the cup of the combat larva, strikes the rim of the sleeve. There is a shot.
During the unloading of the rifle, when the bolt handle is turned up, the cutouts of the stem slide along the corresponding protrusions of the trigger and squeeze the trigger, and with it the drummer.
When the shutter is retracted, the ejector removes the sleeve from the chamber; bumping into the reflective protrusion of the liner, the sleeve is ejected through the window of the receiver. Then the cocking of the trigger, passing over the trigger spring, sinks it. After the passage of the cocking, the spring rises and keeps the bolt from falling out.
Purpose, combat properties and features of the small-caliber rifle TOZ-12
The TOZ-12 small-caliber rifle is an improved sports model of the TOZ-8 rifle. This rifle
is intended for initial training of shooters-athletes, training of shooters -
dischargers and mass competitions in shooting ranges and shooting ranges.
Rifle caliber - 5.6 mm; weight - 3.5 kg; barrel length - 6mm; aiming line length - 755-800 mm; number of grooves - 4; trigger pull - 0.8-0.5 kg.
The purpose and arrangement of the barrel, receiver, trigger and bolt are the same as for the TOZ-8 rifle. Pistol-shaped stock with an extended forearm.
Sights consist of a diopter sight and a front sight (diopters and front sights are interchangeable).
The diopter sight consists of a square, a block with a transition bar and a diopter.
On the square there are horizontal and vertical micrometer correction screws with heads. Divisions are applied on the heads. Each division is equal to 1/13 of a turn. When the head is turned one division, a click occurs and the middle point of impact moves 1 cm. After making the correction, the square is again fixed with a locking screw.
The rifle comes with interchangeable rectangular and ring front sights, which are attached to the body.
How to distinguish a truly successful gun from ordinary, albeit not bad models? Yes, very simple. The main difference is the test of time. The duration of the release of such a gun can be calculated in decades, the number of copies sold - hundreds of thousands. This is the story of the model to which our review is devoted. So, TOZ - 34, the legendary "vertical" of the Tula plant.
History of creation. What is special about TOZ 34
So what's so good about this gun? Everything is simple. TOZ-34 has unsurpassed shot accuracy compared to its competitors. It was she who made the 34-ku cult. Moreover, this accuracy is available not only to hunters with extensive experience, but also to beginners. A man bought this gun, went hunting for the first time in his life and came with game.
For this, the thirty-fourth was forgiven for not the best build quality, obvious design flaws and other disadvantages. After all, the most important thing in hunting is prey. And she either is, or she is not. And with this, TOZ-34 was in perfect order.
In addition, 34 made a real revolution in the arms industry of the USSR. It was the first model with a vertical arrangement of trunks, and even having such a low weight. The mass of the thirty-fourth was from 3.15 to 3.3 kilograms, depending on the density of the wood of the stock and forend.
The low landing of the barrels in the receiver, the hammerless design, the original barrel mount added interest to the model from the side of hunters. The model quickly became fashionable and became the dream of lovers of amateur and commercial shooting.
Model advantages
As noted earlier, the most important advantage of the TOZ-34 is its unsurpassed accuracy and accuracy of combat, comparable to top-end shotguns from famous manufacturers. The reason for this is the successful design of the trunks. The upper barrel has a "choke" type drilling, the lower one - "pay".
Hammerless (with an internal arrangement of triggers) design allows you to increase the rate of fire. The cocking link was excluded from the chain of operations for loading the gun with the new cartridge, which greatly increases the efficiency of loading. The cocking of the hammers occurs automatically in the process of breaking the barrels.
34 is perfectly balanced. It is convenient to use by a shooter of any height. Good applicability, together with low weight, allows you to throw up the gun very quickly, which further increases the efficiency of the shot, which is so important when hunting game. The main thing - do not forget to remove the gun from the fuse.
Incomplete assembly and disassembly is not very difficult. On guns until 1979, the barrels were tilted using a trigger, which caused a lot of complaints from users. In some cases, the trunks could not be broken, while in others they themselves "fell off" at the most inopportune moment. In the future, the plant had to abandon this design and use a special flag.
Interesting to know: Nikolai Ivanovich Korovyakov, a talented Soviet engineer, is considered the inventor of TOZ-34. Nikolai Ivanovich did not have a special technical education and, moreover, was not a professional gunsmith. Perhaps it was ignorance of the generally accepted clichés that allowed him to create a gun of such an original design. He was not afraid to experiment and intuitively found the right solutions.
Cons of the model
The main drawback with confidence can be called the low build quality - the scourge of the Soviet and Russian industry. As long as the creator personally controlled the quality of workmanship, it was at an acceptable level. As soon as the inventor left for other projects, it became very bad to assemble the tool.
Another disadvantage of the model is the non-removable fore-end. To separate it, you need a special tool, which is not always at hand when hunting. As a result, the maintenance of the trunks is complicated.
Experienced hunters note the imperfection of the trunk unlocking mechanism. Applying the flag only partially solved the problem. The knot remained not very reliable purely mechanically, and situations when two separate parts of the gun remained in the hands of a hunter when charging in a hurry were not uncommon.
The model also has other less significant drawbacks. These include a receiver polished to a mirror finish, a glare in the sun and an arrow that betrays the location, uncomfortable aiming, and others. In addition, TOZ does not forgive inaccuracies when loading cartridges with gunpowder and very quickly responds to this with a "chatter" of barrels.
However, with all its shortcomings, the resource is 12 thousand shots according to the manufacturer's guarantee. In practice, this figure is much higher and on average is 20-30 thousand. There are instances with about 100,000 shots and having an acceptable condition.
Interesting to know: experienced hunters are advised to buy on the secondary market products manufactured between 1970 and 1990. The quality at that time was not bad, as were the materials from which the parts were made. The lowest quality was in the period from 1990 to 2000. There are no quality issues with the weapons that the Tula plant is currently producing - you can safely buy them in weapons stores.
Modifications
Currently, TOZ-34 is produced in three calibers - 12, 20 and 28. Each caliber has various modifications that differ slightly from each other. The letter "P" in the marking indicates the presence of a rubber butt pad, the letter "E" is placed on modifications that have an ejector system.
The letter "U" denotes ornamental guns, the letter "C" - souvenir, "SH" - piece. Souvenir models are engraved by hand, and the stock and fore-end are decorated with wood carvings. In addition, the model can be encrusted with precious stones.
In small batches, modifications 34-5.6 / 20 and 34-5.6 / 28 were produced - commercial modifications with an upper rifled barrel. Such weapons could be equipped with an optical sight.
Device. Disassembly and assembly
The model has a simple original design. Stems are removable. Trigger device with an internal location of the triggers. Placed on a separate base. The hammers are cocked automatically when the barrels are broken. The fuse is non-automatic.
Disassembly TOZ 34 is complete and incomplete. Partial disassembly is performed to transport weapons to the hunting place. In order to disassemble the carbine, you must:
- remove the gun from the fuse;
- smoothly pull the triggers;
- toggle the checkbox all the way;
- turn the release lever to the right and, shaking the muzzle, separate them from the receiver;
- turn the lever to its original position
With complete disassembly, you need to make it incomplete, then unscrew the screws of the forearm and remove it, unscrew the trigger guard screw, and then turn it at an angle of 90 degrees. Then it will be possible to unscrew the screws of the receiver and remove it from the box along with the trigger mechanism.
Further disassembly of the gun requires special equipment and is carried out only in the conditions of special weapons workshops. Assembly is carried out in the reverse order of disassembly.
Specifications TOZ-34
- Caliber: 12, 20, 28
- Cartridge: 12/70, 20/70, 28/70
- Barrel length at caliber 12 and 20: 711 millimeters
- Barrel length in caliber 28: 660 millimeters
- Shotgun length 12 and 20 gauge: 1160 millimeters
- Shotgun length 20 gauge: 1110 millimeters
- Weight: 3300 g
- Choke top: choke
- Choke bottom: pay
- Manufacturer: PJSC "Tula Arms Plant"
Analogues
The main competitor of the product of the Tula gunsmiths is the Izhevsk gun IZH-27. It has a stronger and more reliable design, larger size and weight. The quality of the battle of the Izhevsk gun is slightly lower than that of the TOZ. This is due to a different drilling of the trunks and a different choke.
Small-bore rifles were originally positioned as a means to develop shooting training for the masses, as well as to strengthen existing skills. It was believed that if a person masters the art of a well-aimed hit from this type of gun, then he will very quickly master military weapons.
general information
TOZs have received the widest application in our country. It was them that our partisans used during the Great Patriotic War. Small-caliber rifles TOZ were developed by the author and designer is the gunsmith D. Kochetov.
TOZ is distinguished by the simplicity of the device. For a very long time they were used in school shooting galleries and in DOSAAF. Representatives of the older generation are well aware of this model. Small-caliber rifles of the TOZ brand were distinguished by their reliability and operational reliability. Some models are used as hunting.
Modifications
After the war, several varieties of this weapon were released. The very first were TOZ-8 and TOZ-9. The latter is a five-shot repeating rifle, which was developed on the basis of the previous model.
But the weapons of this series gained particular popularity after the Tula plant began to produce TOZ-11, -12 and -16. These lightweight small-caliber rifles were designed for hunters. Their weight was reduced to two kilograms. In addition, the designers equipped this modified TOZ-8 model with a birch bed of a new sample for those times.
And their efforts were appreciated. Produced from 1946 to 1957, these small-caliber hunting rifles were awarded numerous awards and diplomas.
TOZ design
The ancestor of this sports weapon had the following combat properties: weight of 3.12 kilograms, rate of fire up to twelve rounds per minute, caliber - 5.6 millimeters, muzzle velocity - up to 310 meters per second. A bolt with a trigger mechanism was placed in its steel box. There were no lugs in TOZ-8. The trigger mechanism was used to release the trigger from the cocking. The hook was fixed at the bottom at the rear end of the spring.
The barrel, designed to guide the flight of bullets, had four grooves. They curled up from left to right. A bullet passing through the barrel made about two revolutions. Small-caliber rifles of the TOZ-8 brand had an aiming device designed to direct the cartridge at the target and give it the required aiming angle.
Features TOZ-9
This modification differs from the previous one in that it is equipped with a five-round magazine and has a slightly longer stock forearm. Shooting from a small-caliber TOZ-9 rifle is carried out with special cartridges made of a brass sleeve and a lead bullet. Their impact composition ignites on impact, igniting gunpowder. It is placed in the rim of the sleeve. Apparently, therefore, shooting from the TOZ-9 small-caliber rifle is carried out with the so-called side-fire cartridges. They differ from their combat counterparts in that they do not have primers with an impact composition located in the center of the cartridge case head.
Shooting
All TOZ small-caliber rifles have excellent accuracy. Two types of cartridges are suitable for them: ordinary and PTB - precision combat. A skilled shooter can hit the ten target circle with five bullets fired at a distance of fifty meters.
A cartridge fired from the barrel of a small-caliber weapon flies up to a thousand meters, retaining its lethal force up to eight hundred of them, which means that within a given distance, firing from such a rifle, it is quite possible to inflict a mortal wound on both a person and an animal.
At a short distance, for example, fifty meters, a bullet pierces a dry tree six centimeters thick or a millimeter iron sheet.
The history of the creation of hunting modifications
Some believe that the characteristic of a small-caliber rifle does not make it possible to use it for catching an animal. Nevertheless, this weapon, which is affectionately referred to by the people as "small things", has been used for hunting purposes for quite a long time. They went with him mainly for fur prey. In the USSR, rifled weapons were actually banned. However, small-caliber rifles for hunting, the price of which was then quite high, helped to extract the “currency”, which was considered a fur animal.
Today there are also self-loading models, the principle of which is based on the return of a free shutter, as well as modifications with accelerated manual reloading.
Combat weapon
Today, small-caliber rifles are used mainly for commercial hunting and sport shooting, and, surprisingly, during special operations. Their use in hostilities is real facts. The military in this rifle is attracted by the accuracy and characteristics of the bullet. After all, she possesses that in some extreme situations it is simply vital. After an accurate hit, the bullet will certainly disable the target. There are even specially designed modifications based on small-caliber sports rifles used in biathlon. These samples are equipped with optics, a removable silencer and butt.
Types of weapons for hunting
Today, hunters-traders mainly use two types: a smooth-bore "small" and a small-caliber rifled gun. The main difference between these types is the presence or, of course, the absence of rifling inside the barrel, which makes it possible to load ammunition with greater or, conversely, less lethal force.
Small-caliber rifles for hunting, the price of which depends on the year of manufacture of the model, as well as on the time of use, if we are talking about used ones, have smooth cylindrical surfaces inside their barrel, with the exception of the model created using the “paradox” system.
The double-barreled shotgun, which is considered a reliable, popular classic option, is called exactly the kind of equipment with which you need to start training any shooter - the future fisherman. Smooth-bore "small" with folding trunks, which for the construction must be "break", experts call the safest and easiest for amateur hunters at the initial stage of their career.
It is this type of small-caliber weapon that is allowed by law for use by those who are just learning the basics of shooting. And only after five years of using a smoothbore, a citizen receives the right to use any of the types of rifled weapons that exist today.
Overview of the range
The non-self-loading magazine carbines TOZ-78 and Sobol are currently considered the most popular in the hunting weapons market of our country. Individual variants, such as the SM-2KO or BI-7-2KO produced by the Izhevsk Rifle Factory, are much less known. Some of the hunters know only by hearsay about these carbines, which cannot be said about sports shooters and biathletes. They are familiar with small-caliber sports rifles SM-2 and BI-7-2.
The differences between the hunting variant and the sports "brother" are such characteristics as a shortened barrel and a lightweight stock, as well as a much more simplified sighting device. As a result of a special factory refinement, good rifles were obtained for hunting small animals and
Price
According to the price scale, without indicating specific figures, specialists have the following small-caliber carbines: TOZ-78 is considered the cheapest of the domestic model range. Then, in ascending order, follow the SM-2KO, followed by the BI-7-2KO, and finally the Sobol.
And this is not surprising. "Sable" is quite deservedly considered one of the best in terms of workmanship. Do not fail and its consumer properties with design. Therefore, this model is the most expensive.
For example, "Sable Premier" with two spare magazines in the butt stock and with a crank mechanism can be purchased at a price of fifty-two thousand rubles. His other modifications without an optical sight with a birch forearm will cost half as much. "Nut" execution costs a little more - from forty thousand rubles.
TOZ rifles are considered the most inexpensive in the domestic model range. For example, rifles with manually carried out reloading, full drum type and closed front sight can be purchased for as little as nine thousand. However, there are models that are produced in a souvenir version. They can be highly artistic hand engraving, engraving and even inlaid with precious metals. Such gift options are much more expensive. However, they are not in mass production, and therefore are produced in units.
Today, on the market of hunting rifles, you can find a lot of imported and domestic shotguns, but all of them, even used ones, will come out at the price of a new TOZ - 34.
Then why buy a second-hand hunting rifle with a colossal shot and careless operation, if you can become the owner of a domestic vertical rifle that has proven itself over the years and fell into your hands right from the factory?
From the very beginning, you need to decide on a weapons store. There are a lot of them in Moscow and it is best to choose the most authoritative one by visiting the site and reading the reviews.
There is also an official website of the manufacturer, where you can get comprehensive information about the production and the weapon itself.
Description and price TOZ-34
Let's look at this option and see how this double-barreled shotgun justifies itself.
Initially, the gun was produced piece by piece at the Tula Arms Plant. Its production began in the sixty-fourth year.
The design of the weapon was very simple. The gun is still considered one of the lightest among hunting smoothbore fractures of this type.
In the sixty-fifth year, the product was awarded a high award. The forend of the TOZ-34 is not removable and consists of two halves attached to the trunks. The trunks are removable, arranged horizontally.
Barrels, like most hunting rifles, have standard tapers. The hammers are cocked when the weapon is broken. The weapon is equipped with trigger interceptors and non-automatic fuses.
The trigger mechanism is equipped with closed hammers and a double trigger.
Wooden parts are made of birch, walnut or beech.
The cost of the new TOZ-34 depends on the caliber and design of the gun and varies between 15-30 thousand rubles. A used shotgun is much cheaper, but, of course, it is impossible to get quality guarantees in this case.
Choice
Like all guns, TOZ-34 needs to be properly inspected. Evaluate the quality of steel burnishing.
The coating should be perfectly smooth and uniform. You also need to carefully inspect the butt and forend for defects and wood chips, and then look into the trunks.
Each shadow ring in the bore must be flawless, perfectly even! The lines should be thin and even.
Hunter Note: if the rings are not perfectly shaped, or one of them, this indicates the curvature of the barrel or its inflation, in no case should you buy such a gun!
When buying a new weapon, before shooting it must be disassembled and cleaned of factory grease. In this case, you will not become an eyewitness to the myths about defective springs and other parts or tight fuses.
Peculiarities
TOZ-34 was produced in four calibers, so every hunter could pick up a weapon for their own purposes.
12 gauge is ideal for bird hunting, where you need a dense shot scree or large game with cartridges loaded with a bullet or buckshot, and 28 gauge is ideal for commercial hunting, when the condition of the animal's skin plays a major role.
A small batch produced guns with a rare 32 caliber. Today it is easy to buy a souvenir version of the gun, it is decorated with embossing, artistic engraving and chrome details, but such a weapon is also more expensive.
There are many varieties of TOZ - 34. An interesting layout is called "Bison".
This is a multi-barreled weapon capable of firing a 9 x 53 mm cartridge from the lower barrel, and a hunting cartridge, twelfth caliber, from the upper one.
The weapon is equipped with an optical sight. About TOZ-34 collected a lot of feedback from owners of different levels and experience in hunting.
Mostly reviews about the gun are positive and there are no particular complaints. Some complain about the tight safety and the lack of a cheek piece, but now there are a lot of parts and spare parts for a shotgun in stores, with which the owner can customize the weapon to his needs. Watch the video review of TOZ-34:
Airguns. Shooting from pneumatic weapons is the main form of mass training of schoolchildren in the techniques and rules of shooting. The skills and abilities acquired while shooting from an air rifle contribute to the successful mastery of the technique of shooting from small-caliber and military weapons.
Pneumatic weapons have a number of advantages. These include low weight, ease of weapon design and the possibility of firing in simplified shooting ranges or specially equipped rooms.
Sports air rifles include rifles IZH-22, IZH-32, IZH-38.
Purpose, characteristics and general arrangement of the IZH-38S rifle. The rifle (Fig. 30) is intended for mass initial training in bullet shooting. Its caliber is 4.5 mm, barrel length is 450 mm, rifle length is 1050 mm, weight is 2.8 kg. The force of pulling the trigger from a combat platoon is 2-3 kgf. The initial speed of the bullet is 140-180 m / s.
Rice. 30. Air rifle IZH-38S: 1 - stock; 2 - sight; 3 - axis of the trunk; 4 - trunk; 5 - hinge axis; 6 - hinge; 7 - trigger guard; 8 - trigger hook
The shot occurs as a result of air pressure compressed by the piston, which moves under the influence of a pre-stressed spring. When the mainspring is released, a pressure of up to 5 atmospheres is created in the air chamber of the rifle, ejecting a bullet at a distance of up to 150 m. The tension force of the piston spring is 50-60 kg, but thanks to the lever system, up to 3 kg is enough to cock it.
The design of the sight allows you to adjust the shooting vertically and horizontally with adjusting screws. Horizontally, coarse adjustment is also possible due to the displacement of the base of the rear sight relative to the frame.
bullets. In shooting from pneumatic weapons, two types of bullets are used: lead ("Diabolo", "DTs", "DTs-m") and reusable with a plastic stabilizer. Bullets "Diabolo" have an accuracy of fire of 65 mm and are intended for initial training in bullet shooting. Accuracy of shooting bullets "DC" is 10 mm, these bullets are designed for mass performance of sports categories. Bullets "DTs-m" have an accuracy of fire of 2.5-5.5 mm and are intended for highly qualified shooters.
Rifle loading. Take the rifle with one hand by the neck of the box, and press the barrel with the other. Rotate the barrel around the axis to the rearmost position, while the cocking lever, overcoming the resistance of the piston spring, will put the piston on the cocking. Insert the bullet into the bore. Rotate the barrel around the axis until it is fixed in a horizontal position.
The rifle is loaded. When you pull the trigger, a shot will follow.
Care and saving. It is not recommended to shoot from an air rifle “idle”, without bullets, since in this case the piston, without proper air resistance, accelerates excessively, hits the end of the cylinder hard and can be damaged. It is also impossible to use various objects for shooting instead of bullets. This will damage the weapon.
The rifle should be disassembled only for the purpose of its complete cleaning or troubleshooting. The disassembly and assembly of a rifle is carried out by a specialist (instructor, teacher of pre-conscription training or a shooting club) or a trained shooter under the supervision of a specialist.
For long-term storage without use, it is necessary to lightly lubricate the metal parts of the rifle with gun grease.
Small-caliber weapons. The TOZ-8 small-caliber rifle is designed for initial shooting training, training and mass shooting competitions.
The combat properties of the rifle: caliber - 5.6 mm; weight - 3.12 kg; muzzle velocity - about 310 m/s; rate of fire - 10-12 rds / min; sighting range - 250 m; the greatest range of a bullet - up to 1600 m; lethal range of a bullet - up to 800 m.
A rifle (Fig. 31) consists of a barrel, receiver, trigger, bolt, aiming mechanism and stock.
Rice. 31. Small-caliber rifle TOZ-8: 1 - namushnik; 2 - trunk; 3 - sight; 4 - receiver; 5 - cap (back cover); 6 - the neck of the box; 7 - bed; 8 - butt; 9 - lower swivel; 10 - trigger guard; 11 - trigger; 12 - shutter; 13 - shutter handle; 14 - upper swivel; 15 - stock forearm
The barrel serves to direct the flight of the bullet. The bore has four grooves that wind from left to right. The bullet, passing through the barrel, makes about two revolutions. The gaps between the rifling are called fields, and the distance between opposite fields is called the barrel caliber. In the rear part of the barrel bore is drilled in the shape of a cartridge. A cartridge is inserted here when loading, this part is called the chamber. A sighting device is attached to the barrel.
The receiver is designed to accommodate the shutter in it. Its front part is rigidly connected to the trunk. The receiver has a reinforced insert that ensures the correct supply of cartridges into the chamber. A trigger mechanism is attached to the bottom of the receiver. The rear part of the receiver is closed with a cap (back cover).
The trigger mechanism consists of a trigger, a leaf spring with a rack, a screw and an axle. The trigger guard is used to prevent accidental pressing of the trigger.
The shutter serves to send a cartridge into the chamber, lock the bore, fire a shot and remove the cartridge case.
The aiming device is designed to direct the rifle at the target and give it the required aiming angle. It includes an open-type sector sight and a front sight with a front sight. An open sight consists of an aiming block and an aiming bar with a clamp.
The stock is designed to connect all parts of the rifle and the convenience of shooting. It has a butt, neck and forearm.
Features of the small-caliber rifle TOZ-12. The TOZ-12 small-caliber rifle (Fig. 32) is an improved sporting model of the TOZ-8 rifle.
The purpose and arrangement of the barrel, receiver, trigger and bolt are the same as for the TOZ-8 rifle. Stock with an elongated forearm. The sighting device consists of a diopter sight and a front sight (diopters and front sights are interchangeable).
The diopter sight (Fig. 32, b) consists of a square, a block with a transition bar and a diopter. On the square there are horizontal and vertical micrometer correction screws with heads. Divisions are applied on the heads. Each division is equal to 1/10 of a turn. When the head is turned one division, a click occurs, and the middle point of impact moves 1 cm. In order to move the square vertically, it is necessary to first loosen the locking screw by one turn. After making the correction, the square is again fixed with a locking screw. The rifle comes with interchangeable rectangular and ring front sights, which are attached to the body.
Rice. 32. Small-caliber rifle TOZ-12: a - general view; b - diopter sight; 1 - diopter; 2 - square; 3 - block; 4 - locking screw of the square; 5 - clamping screw; 6 - transition bar; 7 - head of the vertical screw of the square corrections; 8 - head of the horizontal screw of the square corrections; 9 - replaceable rectangular front sight; 10 - replaceable ring front sight; 11 - groove of the front sight base; 12 - protrusion of the front sight body; 13 - front sight nut; 14 - front sight body; 15 - front sight base
Cartridge (Fig. 33). The cartridge for a small-caliber rifle is distinguished by the absence of a special primer.
Rice. 33. Small-caliber side-fire cartridge: 1 - bullet; 2 - leading belts; 3 - sleeve; 4 - rim of the sleeve; 5 - shock composition; 6 - powder
The impact composition necessary to ignite the powder charge is pressed into the head of the sleeve between the walls of its rim. The sleeve has a cylindrical shape. Inside the sleeve, in addition to the shock composition, 0.06 g of smokeless powder is placed. In front of the sleeve, a bullet made of an alloy of lead and antimony is strengthened. Leading belts are made in the middle part of the bullet to reduce friction on the bore. On the back there is a spherical recess to prevent the breakthrough of gases between the bullet and the walls of the barrel when fired.
Incomplete disassembly and assembly of the rifle. Starting disassembly, you should make sure that the rifle is not loaded.
To disassemble the rifle for cleaning and lubrication, it is necessary in the following order: loosen the clamping screw of the sight body and remove the diopter sight (for TOZ-12 rifles); open the shutter and, pressing the trigger with the index finger of the left hand, knock it off the receiver with light blows of the shutter to the bottom of the cap; take the lock out of the box. The assembly of the rifle is carried out in the reverse order.
The separation of the barrel with the receiver from the stock, disassembly and assembly of the bolt and other components are carried out in case of emergency (heavy contamination, accumulation of grease, fit of the barrel to the forearm of the stock, breakage) and only by small arms specialists.
Care and saving. The rifle should be stored unloaded, with the trigger pulled. It is necessary to protect it from sharp shocks and shocks, to prevent clogging of mechanisms with dust and sand.
Inspection, cleaning and lubrication of the rifle should be carried out immediately after shooting and later, when stored without use, at least once every three months.
It is forbidden to clean and lubricate the barrel bore of a small-caliber rifle from the muzzle, as the ramrod erases the edges of the rifling of the muzzle of the barrel, which adversely affects the accuracy of the rifle battle.
To clean the barrel bore, you need to wrap a rag or tow 4-5 cm long on the rotating part of the wipe, soak it with liquid gun grease and insert the ramrod into the barrel bore from the side of the chamber. Cleaning should be continued until powder deposits are completely removed from the surfaces of the bore and chamber.
After cleaning, wipe the bore, chamber and metal parts dry and lubricate with a thin layer of gun grease. The wood of the lodge is wiped with a dry rag.
- Tell us about the purpose of the air rifle and its device.
- Show how to load an air rifle.
- Tell us about the purpose of the TOZ-8 small-caliber rifle and its combat properties.
- Name the main parts and mechanisms of a rifle.
- What are the features of cleaning and lubricating a small-caliber rifle?
- Describe the safety precautions for handling air rifles and small bore rifles.
